EXCEL ACCELERATOR

From Beginners to Pro| Simplify your Work and

Dominate Data with Smart Excel Strategies. Secret
winning Formulas with Step-by-Step Tutorials to
Stand Out from the Crowd

Study Solution For Success

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION
Excel Tools
File Formats That Are Supported in Excel
Terminologies of Excel
Workbooks
Worksheet
Cell
Rows and Columns
Rows Headings with Columns
Workspace
Ribbon
Reference Cells
Range of Cells
Pivot Chart
Region of Pivot
Data Source
Values area
Template
Operator
Formula
Formula Bar
Function
Formatting Cells
Error Code
Filtering
AutoFill
AutoSum
AutoFormat
Validation of Data
Table Pivot
 MS Excel Shortcut Keys
Workbook
Ribbon
General
Number Formatting
Drag & Drop
Navigation
Selection
Special Select
Cell Edit Mode
Entering Data
Formatting
Borders
Extend Selection
Active Cell
Formulas
Columns & Rows
CHAPTER 1: Excel Cases (Formatting Rows and Columns)
Entering, Editing, and Managing Data
Entering Data
Column Headings
Hint and Tips
Data Entry
Editing Data
Auto Fill
Deleting Data and the Undo Command
Keyboard Shortcuts for Command Undo
Adjusting Columns and Rows
Hiding Columns and Rows
Hidden Rows and Columns
Inserting Columns and Rows
Inserting Columns
Inserting Columns and Rows
 Moving Data
Deleting Columns and Rows
Formatting Cells
Changing the Font
Text Alignment
Cell Borders and Fill Colors
Format Painter
Cell Styles
Formatting Text and Numbers
CHAPTER 2: Basic Formulas and Functions and Making Calculations in
Excel
How You Should Enter Formulas in Excel
Creating a Simple Formula Example in Excel
Creating the Formulas that Refer to the Other Cell inside the Same
Worksheet
Create a Formula that Links to the Other Workbooks
Use of Apostrophes for Enclosing and to Full the File Name and the
Worksheet Name
Basic Formulas and Functions for Excel Workflow
SUM
The Use of “AVERAGE”
COUNT
COUNTA
IF
TRIM
MAX and MIN
CHAPTER 3: How to Create Charts and Graphs in Excel
Graphs and Charts in Excel
Forms and Types of Charts
Column Charts
Bar Charts
 Line Charts
Pie Charts
Scatter Charts
Area
Stock
Surface
Best Ways to Create a Chart and Graph
How to Make Chart Data in Excel
How to Make a Chart in Excel
Step 1: Choose Chart Type
Step 2: Make Your Chart
Step 3: Add Chart Elements
Step 4: Adjust Quick Layout
Step 5: Change Colors
Step 6: Change Style
Step 7: Switch Row/Column
Step 8: Select Data
Step 9: Change Chart Type
Step 10: Move Chart
Step 11: Change Formatting
Step 12: Delete a Chart
How to Make a Graph in Excel
CHAPTER 4: Data Importation (CSV, Text File)
Data Importation from Different Sources in Workbook
CHAPTER 5: Pivot Table and Vlookup
Creating Excel Tables
Excel Table Benefits and Drawbacks
Benefits
Drawbacks
Preparing Your Data
Create an Excel Table
 Sort and Filter the Data
Rename an Excel Table
Create Excel Table with Specific Style
Create an Excel Table in Excel with a Specific Style
Show Totals in a Table
Modify and Add Totals
Refer to any Table Column in a Formula
Formula Outside the Table
Add a Counter Field
Print Excel Table Only
Using Pivot Tables in Excel
Creating a Pivot Table
The Pivot Chart
Using Slicer on Pivot tables and Tables
The VLOOKUP Function
How to Use VLOOKUP in Excel?
VLOOKUP in Financial Modeling and Financial Analysis
Tips for the VLOOKUP Function
“VLOOKUP” and “#N/A” Errors
BONUS: 50 complex formulas to streamline your daily work
CONCLUSION
 INTRODUCTION

Microsoft Excel is the most widely used spreadsheet software in the world,
with millions of users. Excel and other spreadsheet programs are “excellent”
for data manipulation, analysis, and visualization because they allow you to
filter, chart, and format your data all in one program. Want to keep track of
your grades and measure averages automatically? Are you considering
gathering contact information for a field trip? Or assisting your students in
writing a lab report? Excel is the program you’ll need!
It is our responsibility to make sense of the data that is all around us. An
added benefit is that you can work with anyone, and Excel assists you along
the way! Collaborate in real-time with students and your colleagues, either
for free using a lightweight online version of Excel or using the rich desktop
software. Excel also includes intelligent analysis and support features to help
you quickly comprehend your results.
Excel now has a lot of teamwork features that can help you get things done,
no matter where your employees are based. MS Office is a truly global
collection of tools. With Excel, we can share spreadsheets and have
managers or team members add data, modify formulas, alter or add charts,
and change existing cells and formatting. You can then monitor and manage
the changes, accept or reject cell changes, and add comments to data cells as
required.
The possibilities of working on a sheet with other colleagues are limitless
with Office 365, which is now being rolled out to a large number of
businesses. Collaboration through the internet is the way to go!
Excel Tools
There are several tools in Excel that have rendered it easier and more
efficient to use. It has developed menus and tools to assist Excel users with
further customizing their spreadsheets and workbooks. The easy access
toolbar was designed to allow users to easily access commonly used
commands. This toolbar can be customized using the Excel application, or a
related workbook. Excel also created the “Ribbon” to substitute the original
Excel menu templates. Users of Excel were able to tailor the belt to suit their
specific needs.

File Formats That Are Supported in Excel

The format types or file types in Excel are crucial since they inform you
about the files before you open them, and they and allow you to save them as
macro-enabled files, binary files, templates, and so on. Furthermore,
Microsoft Excel also introduced novel ways to save workbooks and other
Excel applications. The “Import” and “Export” feature allows Excel users to
easily import workbooks, data, and export workbooks or files that have been
already created and can be used later.
This is for Excel latest versions, Excel 2019, 2016, 2013,
and Office Excel 2007, use the XML-based and macro-
.xla Excel Add- enabled Add-in format. An Add-in is an application that
m in operates additional code in addition to the main
programmed. VBA assignments and macro sheets Excel
4.0 are supported (.xlm).
Excel 97-
.xls Excel 2003 This is a binary file format for Excel 97-2003.
Workbook
Microsoft
Excel
.xls This is a Binary file format for Excel 5.0/95.
5.0/95
Workbook
.xlsb Excel This is for Excel latest versions, Excel 2019, 2016, 2013,
Binary 2010, and Office Excel 2007, use the binary file format.
Workbook This is a convenient load-and-save data format for those
who need to load data files as quickly as possible. VBA
 assignments, macro sheets Excel 4.0, and many of Excel’s
latest updates are supported. However, since this isn’t an
XML file format, it’s not ideal for viewing and editing
information without Excel 2019, 2016, 2013, 2010, or
2007 and the object model.
Excel This is for Excel 2021, 365, 2019, 2016, 2013, 2010, and
Macro- 2007 use an XML-based and macro-enabled file format.
.xlsm
Enabled Excel 4.0 macro sheets or VBA macro code are stored
Workbook (.xlm).
Strict Open
XML It is a variant of an Excel Workbook file type that adheres
.xlsx
Spreadshee to ISO standards (.xlsx).
t
Excel 97-
This is for an Excel template, the Excel 97 - Excel 2003
.xlt Excel 2003
Binary file format is used.
Template
Excel This is for the latest Excel versions, Excel 2019, 2016,
Macro- 2013, 2010, and 2007 macro-enabled file format for an
.xltm
Enabled Excel template. VBA macro code or Excel 4.0 macro
Template sheets are stored (.xlm).
This is for the latest Excel editions, Excel 2019, 2016,
Excel 2013, 2010, and 2007. The default file format for an Excel
.xltx
Template prototype is.xlsx. VBA macro code and Excel 4.0 macro
sheets cannot be saved (.xlm).
Only chart sheets, worksheets, and macro sheets are saved
Excel 4.0 in this Excel 4.0 file format. In the latest Excel versions
.xlw
Workbook and Excel 2019, 2016, and 2013, users can open a
workbook in this file format but are unable to save it.
Spreadshee
.xml XML is a file format for spreadsheets.
t 2003XML
The XML paper specification is a file format that retains
text formatting while still allowing for file sharing. The
. XPS FOR
XPS file contains the same structure that users expected
XPS Document
when accessed online or printed, and the details in the file
cannot be readily modified.
Terminologies of Excel
Workbooks
An Excel spreadsheet document is referred to as a workbook. The workbook
saves all of the information and helps you to filter and measure the results.
A shared workbook is one that can be accessed and updated by several users
on the same network.

Worksheet
A worksheet is a text that is part of a workbook. Various sheets may be
perched in a workbook, which is also known as a spreadsheet. Either of the
worksheets you are currently working on is shown by tabs at the bottom of
the page; it is also regarded as a dynamic sheet or current worksheet.

Cell
On a spreadsheet, a cell is the conjunction of a row as well as a column. In a
spreadsheet, each cell could contain any attribute that could be accessed by a
virtual cell relation or a formula. Any information you wish to use in your
worksheet must be entered into a cell. A cell that is presently available for
editing is known as an “active cell.”
Rows and Columns
The alignment of the cells is described by columns and rows. The rows are
horizontally spaced, while the columns are vertically oriented.

Rows Headings with Columns

The lettered and counted gray areas—which are just outside columns—and
rows are the headings. When you tap on a heading, the whole row or column
is selected. The headings may also be used to adjust the row height or
column width.
Workspace
A workspace, as worksheets in a workbook, helps you access several files at
once.
Ribbon
The “Ribbon” is a section of control tabs located just above the workbook.
Behind every tab of the Ribbon is a plethora of choices.
Reference Cells
A cell reference is a sequence of parameters that defines a cell’s
classification. It is made up of letters and numbers. B3 will, for example,
point to the cell at the intersection of column B as well as row 3.

Range of Cells
A cell range is a set of cells that are being grouped together depending on a
number of factors. Among cell references, use a colon (:). The range, also
known as an array, could be determined by Excel. “A3: D3,” for instance,
would advise the formula to look at all cells in a box confined by columns C
and F and rows 4 and 9, while “C4:F9” will indeed inform the formula to
take a gander at all cells in a box surrounded by columns C as well as F, and
rows 4 and 9.
Pivot Chart
Such a form of chart serves as a visual reference for pivot tables by
displaying graphical representations of the data in the pivot table; the user
may communicate with the data.
Region of Pivot
The pivot region is a spot on the worksheet in which you can move a pivot
table field to change the appearance of a report.
Data Source
This is the data that went into making the pivot table. It may come from the
worksheet itself or from an external database.
Values area
Value areas are the cells in a pivot table that hold the most up-to-date item. In
the pivot table, these are sub-categories of fields. If you’ve got a country
field, the items may be the United States of America, Italy, or other countries.
Template
A template is an Excel workbook or worksheet that has been designed to
assist users in completing a given task. Stock research, operation maps, and
calendars are examples of all this.
Operator
In an expression, operators are symbols and signs that determine which
calculations to be performed. Operators don’t have to become plain
mathematical types; they may also be comparison, concatenation, text, or
reference operators.
Formula
The term “formula” refers to a sequence of characters within a cell that is
used to generate a value. It has to start with an equivalent sign (=). This may
be a formula, a function, a cell relation, or an operator. An expression is
another name for a formula.
Formula Bar
The formula bar is located in between the workbook as well as the Ribbon,
and it displays the components of an active cell. In the context of formulas,
the formula bar may show all the formula’s elements.
Function
Functions are Excel calculations that have been pre-programmed. They’re
designed to make theoretically complicated calculations in a worksheet
easier to understand.
Formatting Cells
That’s the act of altering the appearance of a cell or its components in a
spreadsheet. Just the visual representation of the cells is changed as you
format them; the value inside the cells remains unchanged.
Error Code
If Excel detects an issue with a formula, “Error Codes” emerge.
Filtering
Filters are rules which you can use to determine which rows of a worksheet
should be shown. Data like conditions or values may be used in these filters.
AutoFill
It makes it easy to copy data to several cells.
AutoSum
This feature adds up the figures in your sheet and shows the balance in the
cell that you want.
AutoFormat
It is a program that applies a format to cells that meet those criteria. It may be
as easy as a difference in height.
Validation of Data
Such a feature prevents unsuitable data from being inserted into the
worksheet. Data authentication ensures that the data being entered is accurate
and consistent.
Table Pivot
It is a data summarization method that is most often used to dynamically
organize, aggregate, and sum data. The data is gathered from one table, and
the findings are shown in another.

MS Excel Shortcut Keys

If you're familiar with Microsoft Excel, the amount and variety of keyboard
shortcuts available to speed up your work and make things more convenient
can surprise you.
Is anybody expecting you to remember any of these keyboard shortcuts?
Certainly not! Since everyone's needs are unique, some would be more
beneficial to you than others. It's worth it even though you just learn a few
different tricks.
Workbook
Open/Create a new workbook Ctrl + N
Open workbook Ctrl+ O
Save workbook Ctrl + S
Save as F12
Move/Go to the next workbook Ctrl + Tab
Move/Go to the previous workbook Ctrl + Shift + Tab
Minimize current workbook window Ctrl + F9
Maximize current workbook window Ctrl + F10
 Protect the workbook Alt + R, P W
Close current workbook Ctrl + F4
Close Excel Alt + F4
Ribbon
Collapse/Expand the ribbon Ctrl + F1
Access keys activate Alt
Shift/Move through groups & Ribbon tabs →←↑↓
Open or Activate selected control Space or Enter
Confirm the control change Enter
Go to the help on the selected control F1
General
Ask for assistance F1
Undo the previous activity Ctrl + Z
Repeat the last action F4
Cut the selected text Ctrl + X
Display the Special Paste Ctrl + Alt + V
Display find & replace with the Find tab Ctrl + F
chosen
Display find & replace with the Replace tab Ctrl + H
chosen
Find the previous match [after initial Find] Ctrl + Shift + F4
Find the next match [after initial Find] Shift + F4
Insert embedded chart Alt + F1
Insert chart on a new sheet F11
Toggle the Auto filter Ctrl + Shift + L
Activate filter Alt + ↓
Create table Ctrl + T or Ctrl + L
Chose table row Shift + Space
Chose table column Ctrl + Space
Chose table [when the active cell is in table] Ctrl + A
Filter for clear slicers Alt + C
Run spellcheck F7
Toggle thesaurus Shift + F7
Open the macro dialog box Alt + F8
Open VBA Editor Alt + F11
Duplicate text, formula, or object Ctrl + D
Select to the grid [whilst dragging] Alt
Seen or hidden objects Ctrl + 6
The Modify Cell Style dialogue box will Alt + ‘
appear
Show the right-click menu Shift + F10
Display the control menu Alt Space
Number Formatting
Use General format Ctrl + Shift + ~
Use Number format Ctrl + Shift + !
Use Time format Ctrl + Shift +
@
Use Date format Ctrl + Shift + #
Use Currency format Ctrl + Shift + $
Use Percentage format Ctrl + Shift +
%
Use Scientific format Ctrl + Shift + ^
Drag & Drop
Pull/Drag and cut Drag
Pull/Drag and copy Ctrl + Drag
Pull/Drag and insert Shift + Drag
Pull/Drag and insert copy Ctrl + Shift +
Drag
Pull/Drag to the worksheet Alt + Drag
Pull/Drag to the duplicate worksheet Ctrl + Drag
Navigation
Go/Move one cell right →
Go/Move one cell left ←
Go/Move one cell up ↑
Go/Move cell down ↓
Go/Move one screen right Alt + PgDn
Go/Move one screen left Alt + PgUp
Go/Move one screen up PgUp
Go/Move one screen down PgDn
Go/Move to the right edge of the data region Ctrl + →
Go/Move to the left edge of the data region Ctrl + ←
Go/Move to the top edge of the data region Ctrl + ↑
Go/Move to the bottom edge of the data region Ctrl + ↓
Go/Move to the beginning of the row Home
Go/Move to the last cell in the worksheet that Ctrl + End
contains data
Go/Move to the first cell in the worksheet Ctrl + Home
Turn the End mode on End
Selection
Choose/Select the entire row Shift + Space
Choose/Select the entire column Ctrl + Space
Choose/Select the current region if the worksheet Ctrl + A
contains data (press to select the current region
and summary rows, and press to select the entire
worksheet)
Expand the selection Shift + Click
Add non-adjacent cells to selection Ctrl + Click
Shift/Move to the right between the non-adjacent Ctrl + Alt + →
selections
Shift/Move to the left between the non-adjacent Ctrl + Alt + ←
selections
‘Add to the “Selection” mode “Toggle” Shift + F8
“Add to Selection” mode and “Exit” Esc
Special Select
Show the “Go To” dialog box Ctrl + G or F5
Choose/Select the cells with comments Ctrl + Shift + O
Choose/Select the current region around the Ctrl + Shift + *
active cell
Choose/Select the current region Ctrl + A
Choose/Select the direct precedents Ctrl + [
Choose/Select all the precedents Ctrl + Shift + {
Choose/Select the direct dependents Ctrl +]
Choose/Select all the dependents Ctrl + Shift +}
Choose/Select visible cells only Alt +;
Cell Edit Mode
The active cell should be edited F2
Add or delete a comment Shift + F2
Remove the comment Shift + F10, M
Cancel editing Esc
Choose one character (right) Shift + →
Choose one character (left) Shift + ←
Shift one word (right) Ctrl + →
Shift one word (left) Ctrl + ←
Choose one word (right) Shift + Ctrl + →
Choose one word (left) Shift + Ctrl + ←
Choose to start the cell Shift + Home
Choose to end the cell Shift + End
Remove to the end of the line Ctrl + Delete
Remove the character to the left of the cursor Backspace
Remove the character to the right of the cursor Delete
Start a new line in same cell Alt + Enter
Entering Data
Enter data and move down Enter
Enter data and move up Shift + Enter
Enter data and move right Tab
Enter data and move left Shift + Tab
Enter data and stay in the same cell Ctrl + Enter
Enter same data in multiple cells Enter
Insert current date Ctrl +;
 Insert current time Ctrl + Shift +:
Fill down from cell above Ctrl + D
Fill right from the cell on left Ctrl + R
Copy formula from cell above (exact copy) Ctrl + ‘
Copy value from the cell above Ctrl + Shift + "
Insert hyperlink Ctrl + K
Display AutoComplete list Alt + ↓
Flash fill Ctrl + E
Formatting
Format cells Ctrl + 1
Display Format Cells with Font tab selected Ctrl + Shift + F
Add or remove bold Ctrl + B
Add or remove Italics Ctrl + I
Add or remove Underscore Ctrl + U
Add or remove Strikethrough Ctrl + 5
Align to the center Alt + H, A C
Align to the left Alt + H, A L
Align to the right Alt + H, A R
Indent Alt + H, 6
Remove the indent Alt + H, 5
Wrap the text Alt + H, W
Align the top Alt + H, A T
Align the middle Alt + H, A M
Align the bottom Alt + H, A B
Increase the font size one step Alt + H, F G
Decrease the font size one step Alt + H, F K
Borders
Ribbon can show a list of border styles Alt + H, B
Add a border across the cells you’ve selected Ctrl + Shift + &
Add or remove right border Alt + H, B R
Add or remove the left border Alt + H, B L
Add or remove top border Alt + H, B P
Add or remove the bottom border Alt + H, B O
Add all the borders to all the cells in the Alt + H, B A
selection
Borders can be removed Ctrl + Shift + -
Extend Selection
Extend selection (right) Shift + →
Extend selection (left) Shift + ←
Extend selection (up) Shift + ↑
Extend selection (down) Shift + ↓
The Extend selection to the last cell on the right Ctrl + Shift + →
or to the next cell or to the last column that
contains data
The Extend selection to the last cell on the left Ctrl + Shift + ←
or to the next cell, or to the first column that
contains data
The Extend selection to the last cell up or to the Ctrl + Shift + ↑
next cell or to the first row that contains data
The Extend the selection to the last cell down or Ctrl + Shift + ↓
to the next cell or to the last row that contains
data
Extend selection (up one screen) Shift + PgUp
Extend selection (down one screen) Shift + PgDn
Extend selection (right one screen) Alt + Shift + PgDn
Extend selection to the left one screen Alt + Shift + PgUp
Extend selection to the start of rows Shift + Home
Extend selection to the first cell in the worksheet Ctrl + Shift + Home
Extend selection to the last cell in the worksheet Ctrl + Shift + End
“Extend Selection” mode “Toggle” F8
“Extend Selection” mode “Cancel” Esc
Active Cell
Choose the working cell (when there are Shift + Backspace
already several cells selected)
Display the working cell on the worksheet Ctrl + Backspace
Shift/Move the working cell clockwise to the Ctrl + .
corners of the selection
Shift/Move the working cell down in the Enter
selection (wrap to the next column)
Shift/Move up the working cell in the selection Shift + Enter
(wrap to the previous column)
Shift/Move the working cell in a selection to Tab
the right (wrap to the next row)
Shift/Move the working cell in a selection to Shift + Tab
the left (wrap to the previous row)
Formulas
Start by entering a formula = or +
Toggled (in cell edit mode) relative and absolute F4
references
The Insert Function Dialog Box would display Shift + F3
Auto sum Alt + =
Switch on and off the display of formulas Ctrl + `
Insert arguments to the function. Ctrl + Shift + A
Filled in the array formula Ctrl + Shift + Enter
Worksheets to calculate F9
Calculate the active worksheet (operational) Shift + F9
Force all worksheets to be calculated Ctrl + Alt + F9
(in cell edit mode) Evaluate a part formula F9
The formula bar expanded or collapsed Ctrl + Shift + U
Dialog box for feature arguments to be displayed Ctrl + A
Open the Name Manager application Ctrl + F3
In rows, columns create name from values Ctrl + Shift + F3
Paste the name into the formula F3
Auto-complete accept feature Tab
Columns & Rows
Show the Insert Dialog box Ctrl + +
Add the selected number of rows Ctrl + +
Add the selected number of columns Ctrl + +
Show the Delete dialog box Ctrl + -
Remove the selected number of rows Ctrl + -
Remove the selected number of columns Ctrl + -
Remove the contents of selected cells Delete
Hide the columns Ctrl + 0
Hide the rows Ctrl + 9
Unhide the rows Ctrl + Shift + 9
Group columns or rows with columns/rows Shift + Alt + →
selected
Ungroup columns or rows with columns/rows Shift + Alt + ←
selected
Show Group Dialog Box, no rows/cols selected Shift + Alt + →
Show Ungroup Dialog Box Shift + Alt + ←
Show or hide outline symbols Ctrl + 8
 CHAPTER 1:
Excel Cases
(Formatting Rows and Columns)

Entering, Editing, and Managing Data

In this section, you’ll start working on the workbook. The skills outlined in
this chapter are usually included in the preliminary stages of creating one or
more worksheets in a workbook.
Entering Data
Manually inserting data into your worksheet is the first step in creating the
workbook (as seen in the image below). The stages below explain how to
type column headings throughout “Row 2” in a worksheet:

1. On your worksheet, go to cell A2 and click.

2. Type in the name of a month, for example.
3. Using the right cursor keys, transfer the cursor to the right. The
term will be entered into cell A2, and the next cell on the right will
be activated.
4. Click the right cursor key to create “Unit Sales.”
5. Repeat step 4 with the terms “Average Price” and “Sales in
Dollars.”
Once you’ve typed your column headings in Row 2, check the image below
and see how the worksheet might look. It’s worth noting that the term “Price”
in cell C2 isn’t available. This is because the columns are too narrow to
accommodate the entry that you typed.
 Entering Column Headings in a Worksheet
Column Headings
Column headings that correctly define the data inside a column of the
worksheet are important. You’ll almost certainly be sharing Excel
workbooks among colleagues in a professional environment. Effective
column headings minimize the risk of anyone misinterpreting the details in the
worksheet, which could result in serious or even career-threatening mistakes.

1. Click cell B3.

2. Click the ENTER key, then type the number 2670. Cell B4 is
activated after you click the ENTER key. Entering data down
through a column with the ENTER key is a quick and productive
method.
3. Enter the numbers 2160, 515, 1180, 1800, 590, 1030, 900, 775,
2875, 2700, and 3560 into cells B4 to B14.
4. Click cell C3.
5. Click the ENTER key after typing the number 9.99.
6. In cells C4 and C14, type 12.49, 14.99, 19.99, 17.49, 17.49,
14.99, 19.99, 9.99, 19.99, 19.99, 12.49, and 14.99.
7. Activate cell D3.
8. Click the ENTER key, then type the number 26685.
9. Enter the numbers 26937, 7701, 23562, 31416, 10269, 15405,
17958, 15708, 35916, 26937, and 53370 into cells D4 to D14.
When you’ve finished, double-check that the information you entered
corresponds to the image below:
 Completed Data Entry for Columns B, C, and D

Hint and Tips

While entering numbers, don’t use symbols to format them.
It’s safe not to use coding symbols like dollar signs and commas while
entering numbers into an Excel worksheet. While you can incorporate these
symbols when typing numbers in Excel, it delays the data entry operation. It’s
easier to apply these symbols to numbers after they’ve been typed into the
worksheet using the formatting features of Excel.
Data Entry
It’s critical to thoroughly proofread any worksheet, particularly if you’ve
entered numbers. When manually inserting data into the worksheet, it’s
normal to transpose numbers. A number 563, for example, may be changed to
536. Such mistakes will jeopardize the credibility of your workbook.
Figure 2 depicts how the worksheet might look after you’ve entered your
data. Please ensure the numbers are entered correctly in your worksheet by
double-checking them.
Editing Data
Double-clicking a cell position using your Formula Bar will adjust the data
inserted in it. You may have seen that the data typed into the cell position was
shown in the Formula Bar when you typed it. The Formula Bar can be used to
insert data in cells and modify data that has already been entered. The steps
below demonstrate how to enter and then edit data that has been inserted into
a cell position:

1. On Sheet 1 of your worksheet, click on cell A15.

2. Click the ENTER key after typing the abbreviation “Tot.”
3. Cell A15 should be selected.
4. Move the mouse pointer up to the “Formula Bar.” The pointer will
change into the cursor. Left-click here on the abbreviation “Tot”
after moving the mouse to the last letter.
5. To conclude the term “Total,” type the letters “al.”
6. Click on the checkmark to the left of the Formula Bar. The
modification is then made in the cell.
7. Double-click cell A15.
8. After the word Total, type the word Sales with a space between
the two words.
9. To begin, press the ENTER key.
10.
To edit a cell, activate it and press the F2 button on
the keyboard.
 Using the Formula Bar to Edit and Enter Data
Auto Fill
When manually inserting data into a worksheet, the Auto Fill function comes
in handy. This function is useful for various things, but it’s especially useful
when entering data in a certain order, like the numbers 1, 3, 5, 7, and so forth.
It can even be used with non-numeric data like days of the week or months of
the year. The stages below explain how to use Auto Fill to add certain
months of a year in Column A:

1. On Sheet1 worksheet, click cell A3.

2. Click the “ENTER” key after typing the word “January.”
3. Activate cell A3 again.
4. Move your mouse cursor to the bottom right corner of cell A3. In
the corner of the cell, you’ll see a tiny square called a “Fill
Handle.” The white plus sign of the block will transform into a
black plus sign as the mouse cursor approaches the “Fill Handle.”
Drag the Fill Handle to cell A14 with the left mouse button. An AutoFill tips
box specifies which month will be entered into every cell. When the tip box
displays “December,” remove your left mouse button.
If you release your left mouse key, all 12 months of the year appear
throughout the cell ranges A3:A14. An “Auto Fill Options” icon is also
visible. You have many choices for inserting data into a collection of cells
when you use this icon.

Auto Fill Options Button

1. Select “Auto-Fill Options” from the drop-down menu.

2. Select “Copy Cells” from the drop-down menu. The months into
the range A4: A14 will then change to “January.”
3. Click on the “Auto-Fill Options” tab again.
4. To restore all months of the year to the cell range A4: A14, select
the “Fill Months” option. Choosing “Fill Series” achieves the
same outcome.
Deleting Data and the Undo Command
There are a few strategies for removing data from a worksheet, and you’ll
explore some of them here. You can also use the “undo” command for each
process.
This is a really useful command if you accidentally delete data from a
worksheet. The steps below illustrate how to erase data from a cell or group
of cells:

1. Place the mouse cursor over cell C2 and press the left mouse key
to select it.
2. On the keyboard, press the “DELETE” key. The information in the
cell is removed with this action.
3. Place the mouse cursor on cell C3 to highlight the group of cells
C3:C14. Then, holding the left mouse button, drag down to the C14
cell.
4. Place your cursor over the Fill Handle. A white block plus sign
will be replaced by a black plus sign.
5. Move up to cell C3, and click and drag your mouse cursor.
Release the mouse key. The contents of the C3:C14 cell range will
be erased.
6. This should replace the data back in the C3:C14 range.
7. Click the “Undo” button again. This should replace the information
in cell C2.

Keyboard Shortcuts for Command Undo

1. When pressing the letter “Z” on the keyboard, hold down your
“CTRL” key.
2. Place the mouse cursor over cell C2 to highlight the C2:C14 range.
Then, holding the left mouse button, drag the cursor down to cell
C14.
3. In the “Ribbon Home” tab, next to the Cells group of the
commands, click on the “Clear” button. This shows the drop-down
menu with several choices for clearing or deleting data from a
cell. You can also choose to clear the format of a cell or all
hyperlinks in a cell.
4. Select “Clear All.” This clears the data from the selected cell set.
5. To undo a change, press the “Undo” key. This replaces the data
throughout the C2:C14 range.
 Adjusting Columns and
Rows
Some entries in your worksheet happen to be missing. In cell A11, for
instance, the final letter of the word “September” is not visible. This is
because the column is small for this expression. The columns and rows of the
Excel worksheet can be rearranged to suit the data being entered into a cell.
The instructions below will illustrate how to configure both column widths
and row heights in a worksheet.

1. In the worksheet named Sheet1, slide the mouse cursor between

Column A and Column B. A white block plus sign transforms into
double arrows.
2. To see the whole word “September” in the A11 cell, click and
move the column to the right. The column width tip box will
appear as you move the column. The character’s number would fit
into the column using “Calibri 11-point” font, which is the default
font/size configuration and is shown in this box.
3. Release the left mouse key.
If you want to set the width of a specific character for one or more columns,
you will notice that the “click-and-drag” approach is inefficient. By utilizing
a certain number of characters, the following steps demonstrate a second
approach to change the column widths:

1. By sliding the mouse cursor over the cell position and pressing the
left mouse key, you can choose every cell location in Column A. If
you want to set a similar character width for more than one
column, you can highlight the locations of cells in many columns.
2. Left-click the “Format” button in the group of cells on the “Ribbon
Home” tab.
3. From the drop-down menu, select the “Column Width” option. The
Column Width dialog box will appear.
4. In the Column Width dialog box, type “13” and press the “OK”
icon. This sets the character width in Column A to this value.
5. Bring your mouse cursor back between Columns A and B until a
double arrow cursor appears; the double arrow is displayed when
activating AutoFit. The column width is adjusted depending on the
maximum entry set for the column.
6. Reset the column width to 13 using the Column Width dialog box.

Keyboard Shortcuts for Column Width: Click the ALT key, then type the
letters O, H, and W once on the keyboard.
Steps 1 to 4 explain how to change the height of a row, which is equivalent to
changing the width of a column:
 1. Place the mouse cursor over cell A15 and press the left mouse key
to select it.
2. Left-click on the Format button of the group of cells on the Ribbon
Home tab.
3. From the drop-down menu, select the Row Height option. The
Row Height dialog box will appear.
4. Inside this Row Height dialog box, type 24 and press the OK icon.
Row 15 will now have a height of 24 points. Each point is roughly
1/72 of an inch in size. This change in row height was created to
make room between the worksheet's totals and the remainder of the
results.
Keyboard Shortcuts for Row Height: Click the “ALT” key, then the letters
“O,” “H,” and “H” once on the keyboard.
The image below depicts the worksheet after row 15 and column A had been
modified.
Hiding Columns and Rows
You can hide rows and columns on a worksheet in addition to changing them.
This is a helpful strategy for improving the graphic presentation of your
worksheet with data that doesn’t need to be displayed. The workbook
containing data on “GMW Sales” is used to illustrate these capabilities. This
worksheet, however, does not include concealed rows or columns. These
skills are only used for presentation purposes here:

1. By hovering the mouse cursor over cell C1 in the worksheet

Sheet1 and tapping the left mouse key, you will access it.
2. In the “Ribbon Home” tab, click the “Format” button.
3. In the drop-down menu, hover the mouse cursor over the “Hide
and Unhide” options. This will reveal a drop-down menu of
 options.
4. In your submenu of options, select “Hide Columns.” This will
make column C invisible.

Hiding Columns: While pressing the number 0 on the keyboard, hold down
your “CTRL” key.

The workbook has hidden column C in your Sheet1 worksheet. The absence
of the letter C indicates that this column is concealed.

Hidden Column
Follow these steps to unhide the column:

1. By clicking on and holding cell B1 and dragging it into cell D1,

you will highlight the B1:D1 range.
2. On the “Ribbon Home” tab, click on the “Format” icon.
3. “Unhide Columns” can be found in the sub-menu of options. On
your worksheet, column C is then visible again.
Keyboard Shortcuts for Unhiding Columns: Hold down your “CTRL” and
“SHIFT” keys while pressing the open parenthesis “(“ key on the keyboard to
highlight the cells on each side of a hidden column.
The steps below explain how you can hide rows in the same way as you can
hide columns:

1. By hovering the mouse cursor over cell A3 in your Sheet1

worksheet and pressing the left mouse key, you will access it.
2. In the “Ribbon Home” tab, click on the “Format” key.
3. In the drop-down menu, hover the mouse cursor over the “Hide
and Unhide” options. This will reveal a drop-down screen of
options.
4. Hide Rows can be found in the sub-menu of the new list of options.
This would make row 3 invisible.
Keyboard Shortcuts for Hiding Rows: When pressing the number 9 on the
keyboard, hold down the CTRL key. Follow these steps to unhide the row:

1. By clicking on and holding cell A2 and dragging it to cell A4, the

A2:A4 range is highlighted.
2. On the “Ribbon Home” tab, click on the “Format” key.
3. “Unhide Rows” can be found under the “Options” submenu. On
your worksheet, row 3 will now be visible again.
Keyboard Shortcuts for Unhiding Rows: Hold down your CTRL and
SHIFT keys when clicking the open parenthesis key “(“ on the keyboard to
highlight the cells above and below the hidden row(s).
Hidden Rows and Columns
In most professions, it is common for employees to use Excel workbooks
created by coworkers. Often check for hidden columns and rows when using
a workbook created by others. If a column letter or row number is absent,
you will easily see if a column or row has been hidden.
Hiding columns and rows:

1. Activate a minimum of one cell in hidden column(s) or row(s).

2. Select the “Ribbon Home tab.”
3. In the group of cells, click on the “Format” button.
4. Place your cursor over the “Hiding and Unhide” options.
 5. Select “Hide Columns” or “Hide Rows” from the drop-down
menu.
Unhiding columns and rows:

1. Cells above and below the hidden row(s) or to the left and right of
a hidden column(s) are highlighted.
2. Select the “Ribbon Home” tab.
3. In the cells group, click on the “Format” key.
4. Place the cursor over the “Hide and Unhide” options.
5. Select “Unhide Columns” or “Unhide Rows” from the drop-down
menu.
Inserting Columns and Rows
Using pre-made Excel workbooks is a time-saving method of working since
it removes the need to build data worksheets from scratch. However, you
will discover that you may have to add further rows or columns of data to
achieve your objectives. In this scenario, you need to build a worksheet with
blank rows or columns. The steps below explain how to do this:

1. You can access it by hovering the mouse cursor over cell C1 in

your Sheet1 worksheet and pressing the left mouse key.
2. In the “Ribbon Home” tab, click the down arrow on the “Insert”
icon.

Insert Button
From the drop-down menu, select “Insert Sheet Columns.” To the left of
column C, a vacant column has been included.
Column D also contains the details that were originally in column C. It's
worth noting that columns often are placed to the left of an active cell.

Insert Drop-Down Menu

Keyboard Shortcuts for Inserting Columns: After holding your “ALT” key,
press the letters “I,” “H,” and “C” at once. Another column is added to the
left of the active cell.
Inserting Columns
1. You will access it by hovering the mouse cursor over cell A3 in
your Sheet1 worksheet and pressing your left mouse key.
2. In the “Ribbon Home” tab, click the down arrow until you reach
the “Insert” key.
3. From the drop-down menu, select “Insert Sheet Rows.” Over row
3, a vacant row has been added. Row 4 also contains the details
that were originally in row 3. It's worth noting that rows are often
placed over an active cell.
Keyboard Shortcuts for Inserting Rows: Holding the “ALT” key, press
letters “I,” “H,” and “R” together. A row is added above the active cell.
Inserting Columns and Rows
1. Activate any cell to the right of or below the required, blank row
or column.
2. Select the “Ribbon Home” tab.
3. In the group of cells, click the down arrow until you reach the
“Insert” button.
 4. Select either “Insert Sheet Row” or “Insert Sheet Column” from
the drop-down menu.
Moving Data
You might want to transfer data in a worksheet to various positions after it
has been entered. The measures below explain how to transfer data from one
location on the worksheet to another:

1. By activating cell D2 and dragging it down to cell D15, you will

highlight the D2:D15 range.
2. Bring your mouse cursor to the left of cell D2. You can see a white
block plus symbol change to crossed arrows. This means that you
can left-click the data and move it to a new location.

3. Click the left mouse key on cell C2 and move the mouse cursor.
4. Release your left mouse key. Column C now contains the details.
5. Using the “Quick Access Toolbar,” click the “Undo” button. This
returns the data to column D.
6. When you move data around on a worksheet, double-check that
you’ve identified all the components related to the sequence you’re
transferring.
7. If you’re transferring a column of information, for instance, ensure
that the column heading has been included. Before moving a list,
double-check that the values you need are illuminated.
Deleting Columns and Rows
You may need to erase whole rows and columns of content from a worksheet.
This might be needed if you want to delete blank rows or columns from the
worksheet or data-filled columns and rows. A method for extracting cell data
can be utilized to remove unnecessary information.
If you don’t want a vacant column or row in the workbook, you can remove it
by following the steps below:

1. By hovering the mouse cursor over cell A3 and pressing the left
key, you can access it.
2. In the “Ribbon Home” tab, click the down arrow until you reach
the “Delete” button in the group of cells.
3. From the drop-down menu, choose “Delete Sheet Row.” Row 3 is
removed, and all data within the worksheet is shifted up one row.
Keyboard Shortcuts for Deleting Rows: Hold the “ALT” key, then press the
letters “D,” “H,” and “R” together. The row in which the active cell is
located is removed.

Delete Drop-down Menu

1. You can access it by hovering the mouse cursor over cell C1 and
pressing the left button.
2. In the “Ribbon Home” tab, click the down arrow until you reach
the Delete button in the group of cells.
3. From the drop-down menu, choose “Delete Sheet Column.”
Column C is removed, and all the content in your worksheet is
shifted one column to the left.
4. Save your workbook modifications by pressing the “Save” icon on
your “Home” ribbon or, alternatively, choosing “Save” from your
“File” menu.

Formatting Cells
Simple formatting will help you personalize the look and feel of the
workbook, helping you to highlight sections and make the text easy to read
and comprehend. You could also use number formatting to tell Excel what
kind of data you are working on within a workbook, like currency ($),
percentages (%), and so on.
Changing the Font
Any new workbook font is adjusted to Calibri by default. On the other hand,
in Excel, you can style your title cell like the illustration below to make it
different from the rest of the worksheet.

1. Choose the cell(s) you would like to alter.

2. On the “Home” tab, click the drop-down arrow beside the “Font”
command. A drop-down menu for fonts will appear.
3. Choose the font you want to use. As you move your cursor over
multiple options, a live demonstration of the respective font
appears. You'll use “Georgia” as an example.
The text adjusts to the font you've chosen.

4. When making a workbook at work, use a font that is simple to

understand. The normal reading fonts include Times New Roman,
Cambria, and Arial, in addition to Calibri.

5. To change font size, choose the font size you want. As you move
your cursor over various choices, a live demonstration of the
 respective font size appears. In this case, you’ll use the number 16
to make the text bigger.

6. You can also utilize the “Increase Font Size” and “Decrease Font
Size” commands or use your keyboard to enter any specific font
size.
 7. To change your font color, choose the cell(s) you would like to
alter.
8. On your “Home” page, click a drop-down arrow beside the “Font
Color” command. The “Color” menu will appear.
9. Choose the font color you want. As you move your cursor over
various choices, a live display of the latest font color appears.
You’ll use green as an example.

The font color you choose will be applied to the text.

 10.
To see more color choices, go to the bottom of the
menu and choose “More Colors.”

11.
To utilize the Italic, Bold, and Underline commands,
choose the cell(s) you would like to alter.
 12.
On the “Home” page, choose Bold (B), Underline
(U), or Italic (I). You’ll make a selected cell bold in this case.

The text will be styled in the chosen format.

You can also make chosen text bold by pressing “Ctrl+B” on the screen,
italic by pressing “Ctrl+I,” and underline it by pressing “Ctrl+U.”
Text Alignment
Text inserted into the worksheet is aligned at the bottom-left of the cell by
default, while numbers are aligned at the bottom-right. Changing the
orientation of the cell content helps you customize how well the content in
each cell is viewed, making it easy to interpret.
Left Align: This aligns text to the cell’s left boundary.

Center Align: This aligns data evenly between the cell’s left and right
boundaries.

Right Align: This aligns the content to the cell’s right border.

Top Align: This aligns the content to the cell’s top border.

Middle Align: This aligns data at a constant distance from the cell’s top and
bottom edges.
Bottom Align: This aligns data to the cell’s bottom border.
To modify horizontal text alignment, you’ll change the orientation of the title
cell in this example to give it a more finished appearance and set it apart
from the remainder of your worksheet.
 1. Choose the cell(s) you would like to alter.

2. On your “Home” tab, choose one of the three horizontal orientation

commands. You’ll use “Center Align” as an example here.

The document will be realigned.

3. To change vertical text alignment, choose the cell(s) you would

like to alter.
 4. On your “Home” page, choose one of the three vertical orientation
commands. You’ll use “Middle Align” in the following example.

Your text then realigns.

Any cell can have both vertical and horizontal orientation settings applied to
it.
Cell Borders and Fill Colors
You can build simple and established boundaries for various parts of the
worksheet using cell borders and fill colors. To better separate the header
cells from the rest of a worksheet, you can apply cell borders and fill them
with color.

1. To add a border, choose the cell(s) you would like to alter.

 2. On the “Home” page, click the drop-down arrow beside the
“Borders” command. A drop-down menu for “Borders” will
appear.
3. Choose one border style for your document. You’ll use the “All-
Borders” option in the following case.

The chosen border style will be shown.

With the “Draw Borders” features at the base of Borders’s drop-down
menu, you can draw borders and adjust their line style and color.

4. To add the fill color, choose the cell(s) you would like to alter.
 5. On the “Home” page, click that drop-down arrow beside the “Fill
Color” command. You’ll see the “Fill-Color” menu displayed.
6. Choose the paint you intend to use for the fill. As you move your
cursor over various choices, a live display of the latest fill color
appears. You’ll use “Light Green” in the following example:

The fill color you choose will be shown in the cells you chose.

Format Painter
You can use the “Format Painter” function on your “Home” tab to copy
formatting from one cell to another. Format Painter can copy all formatting
from the chosen cell when you click it. The formatting can then be pasted on
any cells by clicking and dragging across them.
Cell Styles
You can use Excel’s pre-designed cell styles instead of manually formatting
cells. Cell styles have become an easy way to add skilled styling to sections
of your workbook, including titles and headers.
To apply cell style, you’ll add some new cell styles to your current title and
header cells in the following case.

1. Choose the cell(s) you would like to alter.

2. Select the “Cell Styles” option on the “Home” tab, then select the
desired style in your drop-down menu. You’ll use Accent 1 in the
following example.
 The chosen cell style is shown.

Except for the text alignment, applying cell style overwrites all previous cell
formatting. If your workbook already has a variety of formatting, you will
probably not want to utilize cell-style formatting.
Formatting Text and Numbers
The opportunity to add complex formatting to text and numbers is among
Excel’s most important features. You can utilize formatting to adjust the
appearance of days, hours, decimals, currencies ($), percentages (%), and
many more, rather than showing all the cell material in the same format.

For applying number formatting, to adjust the way dates

are presented, you’ll change the number format for a range of cells in the
following example.

1. Choose the cell(s) you would like to alter.

 2. On the “Home” page, click the drop-down arrow beside the
“Number Format” option. A drop-down menu for Number
Formatting will appear.
3. Choose the formatting alternative you want. You’ll adjust the
formatting for “Long Date” in the following example.
The newest formatting style will be applied to the chosen cells. You can
adjust the numbers of decimal places shown in certain number formats
by using the “Increase Decimal” and “Decrease Decimal” commands
(underneath the “Number Format” option).

4. To familiarize yourself with the various number and text formatting

options, use the buttons in the illustration below.
 CHAPTER 2:
Basic Formulas and Functions and Making
Calculations in Excel

Every formula, as well as functions of Microsoft Excel, is bread and butter.

For both, you will feel everything more impressive and useful, and you will
also enjoy doing something in a spreadsheet. This chapter presents the basic
principles you need to understand to be confident while utilizing these
formulas in Microsoft Excel.

How You Should Enter Formulas in Excel

Microsoft Excel utilizes the standard operators specifically for equations,
i.e., a plus sign for sum (+), the minus sign for negation (-), the asterisk sign
for multiplication (*), front slashing for division (/), and the caret (^) for
exponents. There is the main point: In writing Microsoft Excel formulas, you
must begin formulas with an equal symbol (=). This is necessary because the
cell includes, or is equivalent to, the formula and its value.

Creating a Simple Formula Example in Excel

1. Choose the cell at which the answer appears (B4, shown
example).

2. Type a symbol equivalent (=).

3. Type the formula that you want Microsoft Excel to calculate (e.g.,
75/250).
 4. By Pressing “Enter,” the specific formula will finish the
calculation, and the result will be seen in the said cell.

When the figures of a result of the formula are big in a cell, and it appears as
a hash (#) rather than a value, it indicates that the columns are not large
enough to show the cell’s value. Now you have to manually increase the
column’s width to show the contents of the cells.

Creating the Formulas that Refer to the Other Cell

inside the Same Worksheet
The reference of a cell address is always a variation of some column’s letter
and a row number that classify a cell in a worksheet. During the creation of
cell reference at a similar sheet, the following points must be considered:

1. First, select the cell where you want to insert the formula. Now
type the symbol “=”

2. Now you want to type the accurate reference in the said cell or in
the top bar called formula bar.
3. Select the appropriate cell to which you wish to refer.
4. Type the remaining formula and then press “Enter” for finishing.
5. For example, for adding the value in cells A1 and A2, you must
type the “=” sign and click A1. Type the “+” sign, click A2, and
then press “Enter.”
 6. If you want to make a range reference in Microsoft Excel, select
the required cells on a specific worksheet.
7. For example, for adding the different values in cells A1, A2, or
A3, then type the equal symbol followed up with the “SUM”
method and the starting parenthesis. Select the cells with A1 to A3,
and type the ending parenthesis, now press “Enter.”

8. For granting the reference of the complete row or complete

column, tap on the row number; otherwise, refer to the column
letter.
9. For example, to merge all cells in a single row, start to type the
“SUM” method. Now click the first Header of a row to indulge the
reference row within your formula.

Create a Formula that Links to the Other Workbooks

Making links or other external cell references may be used to avoid the same
data in different sheets—which saves time, decreases error, and increases
data integrity. Conduct the following measures to make an external reference:

1. First, open all the workbooks.

2. Select the workbook named “Company” and choose cell B2, then
type the equal symbol.
 3. At the “View” tab, on the window group, select “Switch”
windows.

4. Now click the workbook “North.”

5. Pick cell B2 in the said workbook.

6. Now type the “+” sign.

7. Then repeat the steps from 3 to 6 for your “Mid” workbook.
8. Repeat the steps from 3 to 5 for your “South” workbook.
9. Finally, delete the “$” signs in the cell B2 formula for further
proceeding.
Results:
Use of Apostrophes for Enclosing and to Full the File
Name and the Worksheet Name
By using the “INDIRECT” method of Excel, you can change a text string for
correct reference. You may utilize the “&” operator to make a text series.
Take a look at the “INDIRECT” method mentioned below:

“=INDIRECT (A1)” is shortened to “=INDIRECT (”D1”)” and the

INDIRECT method change the text string “D1” as a correct cell reference,
and in other terms, “=INDIRECT (”D1”)” is shortened to =D1.
The basic INDIRECT function mentioned below achieves almost a similar
result.

Without the usage of the INDIRECT method, this will be the outcome.

The use of the “&” operator links the “D” string along with the value in cell
A1.
The formula mentioned above is shortened to “=INDIRECT (”D1”).” Once
more, “=INDIRECT (”D1”)” is shortened to “=D1.”

Basic Formulas and Functions for Excel Workflow

SUM
The SUM feature is the first Excel formula that you can learn. It is like this
“=SUM (number1, [number2], …).”
The formula “=SUM(A10:A12)” will add up all the values given in the
range, starting from Cell A10 and ending at A12.
The formula “=SUM(B2:G2)” will add up all the values given in the range,
starting from Cell B2 and ending at G8.
The formula “=SUM(B2:B7,B9,B12:B15)” is a little bit advance as it will
start to function in such a way that it will add up all the values given in the
range from B2 to B7. It will omit any value in cell B8, then it will add up the
value given in B9, and then it will omit all the values in cell B10 to B11 and
add up all the values of B12 to B15.
“=SUM(A2:A8)” using this given formula and dividing it by 20 will give you
a result in which you can turn your fraction into a simple formula.

The Use of “AVERAGE”

This function helps in finding out the simple averages for a given set of data;
for example, you can easily calculate the average results of the stockholder in
a shareholding pool; to do that, you can use the given formula.
“=AVERAGE” followed by this syntax, which includes (number 1,2,3 and so
on…).”
The formula “=AVERAGE(B4:B12)” will result in an average value of a
range starting from B4 and ending at B12.

COUNT
The “COUNT” feature counts the number of cells in a set that only includes
numeric values. For example, the formula given here “=COUNT” and
inserting “(value1,[value2]...)” will count the numeric values.
The function “COUNT (A:A)” will help you count all the given values in a
set that are numerical and are lying at “A.” You are required to modify the
range for counting the rows. For example, “COUNT” and insert “(A1:C1)” to
count rows.

COUNTA
 “COUNTA,” like the “COUNT” feature, counts all cells in a rage. It does,
however, egardless of their kind. Unlike COUNT, which only counts
numerically, this function often counts days, hours, sequences, logical values,
mistakes, null strings, and text. The syntax is like this “=COUNTA (value1,
[value2], …).”
The formula “COUNTA(C2:C13)” can count the number of rows starting
from 2 to 13 inside column C—no matter what is the type of your data.
However, like in the case of the “COUNT” function, a user can’t use the
same or exact formula for counting the number of rows. While using this
formula, a user must adjust the range inside the brackets; for example, the
formula “COUNTA(C2:H2)” will result in a total count of values from
column C to H.
count all cells r

IF
When you choose to sort the data according to a set of rules, the “IF” feature
is often used. The nice thing about the “IF” formula is that it allows you to
use formulas and functions.
For example, the syntax “=IF” followed by any logical test, then true or false
if the value is true, the result will be true otherwise false.
For example, the function “=IF (J2<K3, “TRUE” else “FALSE”)” will test if
any value given in the cell K3 is greater than the cell value at J2. The results
will be true or false depending upon the logic of the function.
An example to understand this complicated “IF” logic can be:
“=IF(B2>C2,True,False).” This function will check if any value given in cell
B2 is greater than the cell value of C2. It will show “True” in the column
where the formula is being typed; otherwise, it will result in “False” value in
the cell.

TRIM
The “TRIM” function ensures that unruly spaces do not cause errors in your
functions. It means that there are no vacant spaces. “TRIM” only works on a
single cell—unlike other functions that may work on a group of cells. As a
result, it has the drawback of duplicating details in a spreadsheet. The syntax
is “=TRIM (text).” For example, “TRIM(A2)” eliminates the empty places in

the cell A2 value.

MAX and MIN
The functions “Max” and “MIN” are normally used to find out the greatest
and smallest values in a given set. The function will be as follows.
First of all, type the “=“ sign and then enter “MIN” or “Max.” Then select a
number or a range.
For example, the formula “=MIN(C15:C20)” will result in a minimum value
residing in the range of C15 to C20. Similarly, you can replace the “MIN”
with “MAX” to find out the maximum value.
For example, type “=MAX” and select a range starting from B2 and ending at
C11, and it will find a maximum number in this given range.
 CHAPTER 3:
How to Create Charts and Graphs in Excel

Excel is used to store data in all businesses. Excel will assist you in
converting your spreadsheet data into charts and graphs to get a clear picture
of your data, and it will help you make better business decisions.

Graphs and Charts in Excel

Excel makes it simple to make graphs and charts, particularly when you can
save your data in an Excel Workbook instead of importing it from another
program. Excel also has a number of pre-designed graph and chart types from
which you can choose the one that best represents the data relationships you
want to emphasize.

Forms and Types of Charts

Excel has a large chart and graph library to help you visually display your
results. You can, of course, add graphical elements to a chart or graph to
improve and customize it. The following are major types of charts or graphs
in Excel 2016:
Column Charts
Column charts are ideal for comparing data or when there are multiple
categories within a single variable. There are seven different column chart
categories available in Excel: 3-D stacked, 3-D clustered, clustered, 100%
stacked, 3-D stacked, and 3-D 100% stacked, pictured below. Choose the
visual representation that best plots your data.
Bar Charts
Bar charts differ from column charts in that the bars are horizontal rather than
vertical. Although you can use bar charts and column charts interchangeably,
some people prefer column charts when dealing with negative values
because it’s easier to represent negatives vertically on the y-axis.

Line Charts
A line chart is best for displaying trends over time instead of static data
points. Each data point is connected by a line, allowing you to see how the
values have changed over time. The line chart options are stacked line, line,
line with markers, 100% stacked line, 3-D line, stacked line with markers,
and 100% stacked line with markers.
Pie Charts
Use pie charts to compare the proportions of a whole (the sum of your data’s
values). Each value is displayed by a pie piece, allowing you to see the
proportions. There are five types of pie charts: Pie, bar of pie, pie of pie
(which divides 1 pie into 2 to indicate sub-category proportions), doughnut,
and 3-D pie.

Scatter Charts
Scatter charts are used to display how one variable influences another. They
are similar to line graphs in that they are useful for displaying changes in
variables over time. (This is referred to as correlation.) Bubble charts,
which are a common chart form, are classified as scatter. These are the
scatter chart options: Scatter with straight lines and markers, scatter with
smooth lines and markers, scatter, scatter with straight lines, scatter with
smooth lines, 3-D bubble, and bubble.
Area
Area charts, like line charts, represent the change in values over time. Area
charts are useful for highlighting differences in change among multiple
variables because the area beneath each line is solid. There are six area
charts: Stacked area, area, 3-D area, 100% stacked area, 3-D 100% stacked
area, and 3-D stacked area.

Stock
This form of chart is used in financial analysis and by investors to show the
high, low, and closing price of a stock. However, if you want to show the
range of a value (or the range of its expected value) and its exact value, you
can use them in any case. Stock chart options are: open-high-low-close,
volume-open-high-low-close, high-low-close, and volume-high-low-close.
Surface
To represent data over a 3-D landscape, use a surface chart. Large data sets,
data sets with more than 2 variables, and data sets with groups within a
single variable benefit from this additional plane. However, surface maps
can be difficult to understand, so make sure the audience knows what they're
looking at. You can select from contour, 3-D surface, wireframe contour, and
wireframe 3-D surface.

Best Ways to Create a Chart and Graph

While Excel has many layout and formatting presets to help you improve the
look and readability of your chart, using them will not guarantee that your
chart will be as effective as it could be. Here are the best ways to make your
chart or graph as clear and functional as possible:
Choose Suitable Themes: When choosing a theme, think about your
audience, the subject, and the chart’s main point. While experimenting with
various styles can be fun, select a theme that best fits your requirements.
Use Text Carefully: Despite the fact that charts and graphs are mostly visual
tools, you can almost certainly have text (such as axis labels or titles). Be
concise but descriptive and be careful about the orientation of any text (for
instance, it’s annoying to turn your head to view text written sideways on the
x-axis).
Make It Simple: Cluttered graphs, such as those with a lot of text or colors,
are hard to read and don’t attract the eye. Remove any distracting details so
that the audience can concentrate on the information you are presenting.
Place Elements Wisely: Pay close attention to where symbols, titles,
graphical elements, and legends are placed. They should support your chart
rather than distract you from it.
Sort Data Before Creating the Chart: When people forget to sort their
data or delete duplicates before making a chart, the visual becomes
unintuitive and may lead to errors.

How to Make Chart Data in Excel

1. You must first provide Excel with data from which to create a
chart or graph.

2. Enter data into a worksheet.

3. Select “New Workbook” from the “File” menu in Excel.
4. To create a chart or graph, enter the data you want to use. We’re
comparing the profit of five different items from 2013 to 2017 in
this example. Make sure that your columns and rows have labels.
As a result, you’ll be able to convert the data into a graph or chart
with specific axis labels.

5. Choose “Range” to make a graph or chart from workbook data.

6. By dragging your mouse over the cells, you can highlight the cells
that contain the data you want to use in your graph.
 7. You can now choose a chart style after your cell range has been
outlined in gray.

We’ll go over how to make a clustered column chart in Excel in the

following segment.

How to Make a Chart in Excel

After you’ve entered your data and selected a cell range, you’ll have to
select a chart type to display it.
Step 1: Choose Chart Type
A segment with many chart options is located about halfway across the
toolbar. Excel provides suggested charts based on popularity, but you can
choose a different design by clicking any of the dropdown menus.

Step 2: Make Your Chart

1. Select “Clustered Column” from the “Column Chart” icon on the
“Insert” tab.
2. Excel will build a clustered chart column based on the data you've
chosen. The chart will appear in the workbook's center.
3. To give your chart a name, double-click the “Chart Title” text and
enter a title. We will title this chart as "Product Profit 2013-2017.”
 You can use the two tabs on the toolbar, “Chart Design” and “Format,”
to make adjustments to your chart.

Step 3: Add Chart Elements

Introducing chart elements to your graph or chart will modify it by including
context or simplifying data. While using the “Add Chart Element” dropdown
menu in the upper left section (below the “Home” tab), you can choose a
chart element.
 1. To make your chart's display axis disappear, uncheck these
options.

2.
From the “Axes” dropdown menu, select “More Axis Option” to open a
window with additional text and formatting options, such as adding labels,
 tick marks or numbers, or changing text size and color.

To Add Axis Titles:

1. Choose “Axis Titles” from the drop-down menu of “Add Chart

Element.” Since Axis Titles are not automatically added to charts
in Excel, both “Primary Horizontal” and “Primary Vertical” will
be unmarked.
 A text box will display on the chart when you select “Primary
Horizontal” or “Primary Vertical” to create axis titles. In this example,
we selected both. Type the titles to your axis. In this example, we give
the titles “Profit” for vertical and “Year” for horizontal.

To Remove or Move the Chart Title:

1. Select “Chart Title” from the “Add Chart Element” drop-down

menu (“Above Chart,” “None,” “Centered Overlay,” and “More”).
“Title Choices” are the 4 options you’ll see.

To Place the Title above the Chart:

1. Click “Above Chart.” When you create a chart title, Excel will
automatically set it above the chart.

2. Click none to remove the chart title.

To Place the Title inside the Chart’s Gridlines:
 1. Choose “Centered Overlay.” Use this option carefully; you don’t
want the title to hide your data or clutter up your graph.

To Add Data Labels:

1. Select “Data Labels” from the “Add Chart Element” menu. For
data labels, there are 6 options: “Center,” “Inside End,” “None”
(default), “Outside End,” “Inside Base,” and “More Data Label
Title Options.”

Each of the four choices will apply unique labels to each data point in
your chart. Select your required option. Adding data labels to a
clustered column chart, on the other hand, will appear cluttered. For
instance, if you choose “Center” data labels, they will present like this:
To Add a Data Table:

1. Select “Data Table” from the “Add Chart Element” menu. By

selecting “More Data Table Options,” you can access three pre-
formatted options with an extended menu.

“Legend keys” show the data set by displaying the data table below the
chart. The color-coded legend will also be added.
“None” is the default setting, where the data table is not recreated
within the chart.
 “No legend keys” also show the data table below the chart, but without
the legend.

Note: If you want to add a data table, you’ll probably need to expand your
chart to make space for it. To resize your chart, simply click the corner and
drag it to the required size.
To Add Error Bars:

1. Select “Error Bars” from the “Add Chart Element” menu. There
are four options in addition to “More Error Bars Options”:
“Standard Error,” “None” (default), “Standard Deviation,” and 5%
“Percentage.” Using specific standard equations for segregating
error, adding error bars provides a visual representation of the
possible error in the displayed data.
 For instance, when we select “Standard Error” from the options, we
obtain a chart similar to the one shown below:

To Add Gridlines:

1. Select “Gridlines” from the “Add Chart Element” menu. There are
four options in addition to “More Grid Line Options.”

2. These options are “Primary Major Vertical,” “Primary Major

Horizontal,” “Primary Minor Vertical,” and “Primary Minor
Horizontal.” For a column chart, Excel will automatically add up
“Primary Major Horizontal” gridlines.
 3. By clicking the options, you can choose different gridlines. For
instance, when we select all four gridline options, our chart looks
like this:

To Add a Legend:

1. Select “Legend” from the “Add Chart Element” drop-down menu.

There are five legend placement options in addition to “More
Legend Options”: “Right,” “None,” “Top,” “Bottom,” and “Left.”
 2. Legend placement will rely on the format and style of your chart.
When we select the “Right” legend placement, this is what our
chart looks like:

To Add Lines:
For clustered column charts, lines aren’t available. But, in other chart forms
where you are comparing two variables, you can add lines (e.g., reference,
target, average, etc.) to the chart by implementing the required option.
To Add a Trendline:

1. Select “Trendline” from the “Add Chart Element” drop-down

menu. There are five options in addition to “More Trendline
Options”: “Exponential,” “None” (default), “Linear,” “Moving
Average,” and “Linear Forecast.” For your data set, select the
required option. We’ll use the “Linear” option in this example:
 2. Excel will make a trendline for each product because we’re
comparing five different products over time. Click “Product A”
and then click the blue “OK” button to create a linear trendline for
it.

A dotted trendline will now appear on the chart to display Product A’s
linear progression. “Linear” (Product A) has also been added to the
legend in Excel.
 3. Double-click the trendline to show the trendline model on your
chart.

Note: You can make as many separate trendlines as you like for each
variable in your chart. Here’s an example of a chart with trendlines for
Products A and C.
To Add Up/Down Bars:
In a column chart, “Up/Down Bars” are not available. But they can be used
in a line chart to display increases and decreases between data points.
Step 4: Adjust Quick Layout
“Quick Layout” is the second drop-down menu on the toolbar. It helps you
easily change the layout of your chart’s components (legend, clusters, titles,
etc.).

There are 11 quick layout options to choose from. Hover your cursor over the
different possibilities for an explanation, then choose the one you want to
use.
Step 5: Change Colors
“Change Colors” is the next drop-down menu in the toolbar. Click the icon,
then select the color palette that best suits your needs (these needs have to
match your brand’s style and color and also be aesthetic).

Step 6: Change Style

There are 14 chart styles available for cluster column charts. The chart will
be displayed in “Style 1” by default, but you can modify it to any other style.
To see other options, use the arrow on the right of the image bar.

Step 7: Switch Row/Column

1. To switch the axes, select the “Switch Row/Column” icon on the
toolbar. Note that flipping axes for every chart, particularly if there
 are more than two variables, is not always intuitive.

2. The product and year are swapped in this example by switching

the row and column (profit remains on the y-axis). Click on the
legend and alter the titles from “Series” to “Years” to prevent any
confusion.

Step 8: Select Data

1. To adjust the range of your data, click the “Select Data” icon on
the toolbar.

2. Then a window will open. Click the “OK” button after you've
typed in the cell range you want. This new data range will be
reflected in the chart automatically.
Step 9: Change Chart Type
1. From the dropdown menu, click the “Change Chart Type” icon.

2. You can change the chart type to any of Excel’s nine chart
categories from here. Make sure that your data is suitable for the
chart type you’ve chosen.
 3. By selecting “Save as Template,” you can also save your chart as a
template.
4. To make it easier to arrange your templates, Excel will create a
folder for them. To save your work, click the blue “Save” button.

Step 10: Move Chart

1. On the far right of the toolbar, select the “Move Chart” icon.

2. Click the blue “OK” button to proceed.

Step 11: Change Formatting

You can change the size, color, fill, shape, and alignment of all elements and
text in the chart. You can also insert shapes using the “Format” tab.

1. To make a chart that reflects your organization’s brand (images,

colors, etc.), go to the “Format” tab and use the shortcuts
available.
 2. Select the chart element you want to edit from the drop-down menu
on the top left side of the toolbar.

Step 12: Delete a Chart

1. Simply click a chart and press the “Delete” key on your keyboard
to delete it.

How to Make a Graph in Excel

Despite the fact that charts and graphs are two different things, Excel groups
graph into the chart categories.

You now have a graph on your screen. You can customize your graph by
following the steps described in the previous section. All features for
creating a chart remain the same when making a graph.
 CHAPTER 4:
Data Importation (CSV, Text File)

Data Importation from Different Sources in Workbook

1. Go to “Data” and click “Get Data” from a “Data” tab.

2. Then choose “Workbook” from the “File” menu.

3. Find the “Workbook” in the “Import Data” dialog box and double-
click it.

Data Import out of a CSV File:

1. Go over to “Data” and click “Get Data” from a “Data” tab.

2. Then pick “Text/CVS” from the “File” menu.
Data Import from Text File:

1. Go over to “Data” and click “Get Data” from the “Data” tab.
2. Then pick “Text/CVS” from the “File” menu.
 CHAPTER 5:
Pivot Table and Vlookup

Creating Excel Tables

The “Table” command can be used in Excel to translate data collection into a
formatted Excel table. These tables have several features that will help you
manage and display your results, such as filtering and sorting.

Excel Table Benefits and Drawbacks

It is easy to format a list as a called Excel table, and it has a lot of
advantages and just a few disadvantages.
Benefits
When you add or delete rows of data, the table’s range
immediately expands and contracts.
Built-in styles make it simple to format or alter the appearance of
the table.
Formulas and formatting are automatically filled down.
Structured references to table cells are used in formulas to display
the column’s name. This makes them simple to understand.
Hide or show the table’s built-in “Totals” row, which displays a
“Count,” “Average,” “Sum,” or other summary amount using
formulas.
An Excel table is a great place to start when creating a “Pivot
Table.” If data is inserted or removed, you will not have to adjust
the range.
Drawbacks
There are a few disadvantages of using named Excel tables, so there might be
times that you would rather not use them. Following are some drawbacks of
using Excel tables:

Since structured references to table cells do not have an

“absolute” setting, copying them around a column is a little more
difficult.
Tables on protected sheets do not expand automatically, even
though the cells below the table are unlocked.
If every sheet includes an Excel chart, you will not be able to
copy, group, or move them.
In a workbook of one or more Excel tables, “Custom Views” are
not allowed.

Preparing Your Data

Follow these instructions for data organization before creating the formatted
Excel “Table”:

1. Rows and columns can be used to organize the records, with each
row providing details for a certain record, such as an inventory
transaction or sales order.
2. Each column in the first row of the list should have a brief, clear,
and distinct heading.
3. Each list column should contain only one form of data, such as
currency, dates, or text.
4. The data for one record, such as a sales order, should be listed in
each row of the list. Include a unique identification for each line,
such as an order number, if possible.
5. There should be no blank rows on the list and no columns that are
completely empty.
6. With one empty column and one empty row, at least between the
list and the other data on the worksheet, the list can be separated
from the other data.
Create an Excel Table
You are ready to create the formatted table after you have organized the data
as mentioned above.

1. Select a cell from the data list you prepared.

2. Click the “Insert” tab from the “Ribbon.”

3. Select the “Table” command from the “Tables” group.

4. The range for your data should appear automatically in the “Create
Table” dialogue box, and the table has a headers option that should
be checked. You can change the range and check the box if
necessary.
5. To accept these settings, click “OK.”
Sort and Filter the Data
Your list has now been transformed to an Excel table, which you may modify
with a default “Table Style.” You may sort or filter the data using the drop-
down arrows in the heading cells.
Note: Excel “Table Slicers” can easily filter table data in Excel 2013 and
later versions.

Rename an Excel Table

You can rename the table to something more meaningful so that you can deal
with it more easily later.
To change the table name:

1. Select a cell in the table.

2. Select the “Design” tab from the “Table Tools” tab on the
Ribbon.

3. Click the existing name in the “Table Name” box on the far left
of the Ribbon.
 4. Then, using the “Enter” key, type a new name, such as
“Orders.”

Create Excel Table with Specific Style

Instead of utilizing the default style, you can add a specific style from the
“Table Style” options while creating a table. Then, when implementing the
style, click the option to delete a current cell format from the data range.
Create an Excel Table in Excel with a Specific Style
If you choose to add a particular table style to an Excel table, follow these
steps:

1. Select a cell from the data list you prepared.

2. Select the “Home” tab from the Ribbon.
3. Select “Format” as “Table” from the “Styles” group.
4. Select the style you want to use.
 5. Or, right-click on a style and select “Apply and Clear Formatting”
to apply the style and remove any current formatting.

6. The range for your data should appear immediately in the “Create
Table” dialogue box, and the table has headers choices that should
be checked. You can change the range and check the box if desired.
7. To accept these settings, click “OK.”
Note: The chosen table style is used to generate a formatted Excel table.

Show Totals in a Table

Using the built-in “Table” feature, you can easily display the total for a
column or several columns after you have created an Excel table:
To Display a Total:

1. Select a cell in the table.

2. Select the “Design” tab from the “Table Tools” tab on the Ribbon.
3. Add a checkmark to “Total Row” in the “Table Style Options”
group.

At the bottom of the table, a “Total” row will be added, and a total will
be shown in one or more than one column of numbers.

Modify and Add Totals

Totals for other columns can be selected in addition to the ones that are
generated automatically.

1. Select one of the columns and click on the Total cell.

2. Select the function you wish to use in the current column from the
drop-down list.
The cell is given the “SUBTOTAL” formula, which displays the calculation
in the table’s column depending on the visible cells.

Refer to any Table Column in a Formula

A “Structured Reference” is provided when a formula refers to a named
Excel table. The table’s column name and the table name will be shown in
the “Structured Reference.”

Formula Outside the Table

A formula would be generated outside of the table in this example. The
“COUNTBLANK” function will be used in the formula to count the blank
cells in a table column. “Ordered” is the table name, and “Product” is the
column name.

1. Type “=COUNTBLANK” in a blank cell to start the formula.

2. Then, for the column you want to check, click at the very top of
the heading cell; the cursor would change to a down arrow.

3. Do not click on the column button where the column letter is.
 4. Also, do not click in the middle of a heading cell.

5. The table name and column name should be shown in the

structured reference: “COUNTBLANK (Orders [Product]).”
6. Type a closing bracket, then press the “Enter” key in order to
complete the formula.

Add a Counter Field

Add a counter field to the Excel table if you want to use it as the source
information for a pivot table. It may be used in summary calculations or
calculated fields.
If instead of typing the value, you use a simple formula, this is quite simple to
generate and manage in an Excel table.

1. In the first blank column of the orders table sheet, add the heading
“Sales.”
2. To complete the formula, press “Enter.”

The formula would immediately fill down all the rows since the data is in a
named Excel table. When you add new rows, they will also be automatically
entered.
The 1s can provide a value-added together in a pivot table or used in a
“Calculated Field” to provide accurate results.

Print Excel Table Only

When dealing with lists in Excel, make use of the built-in “Table” feature to
make data manipulation simpler. Then, if you want to print the table and not
the other worksheet items, you may use a built-in command called “Print
List.”
Since the command is not on the Ribbon, you may either add it or add it to the
“Quick Access Toolbar.”

Using Pivot Tables in Excel

“Conventional Excel” tables, which are sometimes too inflexible for anyone
who may analyze large amounts of data, reach their limits quickly. Pivot
tables with advanced features are the ideal option. Pivot tables in Excel
show their maximum ability to interpret and prepare data. They may be used
to compress data and refine the presentation as required on a case-by-case
basis.
Pivot tables do simpler work that is normally complicated with traditional
tables. Pivot tables enable users to adjust the way data is displayed without
having to change the data themselves. The basis for this is often a separate,
very simple-looking table that holds the whole data collection. Additional
functions in “Pivot” enable the data to be sorted, filtered, and presented in
various ways.
The idea that the data can only be displayed independently is an essential
aspect of learning pivot Excel. Changes to the pivot table would not add
additional data to the initial spreadsheet (for example, duplicate data) or
erase old data (for example, if the data is filtered).
Creating a Pivot Table
As soon as you learn how pivot works, creating a pivot table in Excel is
easy. A pivot table is often built on a set of data with several columns. The
name of the respective division must appear in the first row of the column.
This is where the pivot table gets its data from. It's also a good idea to use
the "Format as Table" feature to format the table and give it a name. This
makes the process simpler—mainly when dealing with several data sets.

Excel's pivot table is built on a data set. To make things easy to work with,
convert this into a table.
Go to “Pivot Tables Field Panel” and click the field name checkbox to add a
field to the pivot table. If you choose to shift the field from one place to
another, drag it with your mouse to the desired spot.
The Pivot Chart
The pivot chart is a visual representation of the pivot table's results. Follow
the steps below to generate a pivot chart from a pivot table:

1. In the pivot table, choose a cell.

2. Choose “Pivot Chart” from the “Insert” menu.
3. Then select “OK.”
Using Slicer on Pivot tables and Tables
To filter content on tables or Pivot tables, use the slicer feature. It appears to
be a button on the Excel worksheet that allows you to sort results.

1. Choose any cell on the table or pivot table to use the slicer.
2. Choose “Slicer” from the “Insert” menu on the “Home” page.
3. Select the area you wish to view from the checks box in the “Insert
Slicers” dialogue box.
4. Then press the “OK” button.

The VLOOKUP Function

The “VLOOKUP” feature in Excel allows you to look up a specific piece of
data in a table or data collection and retrieve the associated
data/information. In plain English, the “VLOOKUP” feature tells Excel to
“look for this piece of information (e.g., bananas) in this data collection (a
table) and tell me any corresponding information about it (e.g., banana
price).”
The formula is:
=VLOOKUP (lookup value, table array, col index num, [range lookup])
To put it in another way, the formula says, “Find this piece of information in
the following field and send me some matching details from another column.”
The following arguments are passed to the VLOOKUP function:

1. Lookup value (Necessary Argument): Lookup value defines the

value in the first column of a table that we want to look up.
2. Table Array (Necessary Argument): The table array represents
the data array to be scanned. The VLOOKUP feature looks in the
array’s left-most column.
3. Col Index Num (Necessary Argument): This is an integer that
specifies the column number of the supplied table array from
which a value should be returned.
4. Range Lookup (Selectable Argument): This specifies what this
feature can return if it cannot locate an exact match for the lookup
value. The value of the statement may be “TRUE” or “FALSE,”
which means:
TRUE: Estimated match, which means that the nearest match below the
lookup value is used if an exact match cannot be sought.
FALSE: Exact match; if an exact match is not detected, an error would
be returned.
How to Use VLOOKUP in Excel?
Sort the Information: The first step in utilizing the VLOOKUP feature is to
ensure your data is well-organized and appropriate for it. Since VLOOKUP
operates from left to right, you must ensure that the data you wish to look up
is to the left of the data you want to extract.
Since bananas are in the leftmost column in the above VLOOKUP
illustration, the “Healthy Table” will quickly run the function to look up
“Bananas” and return their price. There is an error message in the “Bad
Table” case because the columns are not in the correct sequence. This is one
of VLOOKUP’s most significant flaws, and It’s for this purpose that “INDEX
MATCH” can be used instead of “VLOOKUP.”
Tell the Function What to Look up: We say Excel what to see for in this
process. First, type the formula “=VLOOKUP,” and then select a cell
comprising the data we want to look up. It’s the cell that says “Bananas” in
this situation.

Tell the Function Where to Look: In this stage, we select the table
containing the data and instruct Excel to look for the details we choose in the
previous phase in the leftmost column. In this example, we’ve highlighted the
entire table from column A to column C. Excel would search in column A for
the details we told it to look up.
Tell Excel Where Column to Output the Data from: We must tell Excel
which column contains the data we want to provide as an output from the
VLOOKUP. Excel would require a number that correlates to the table’s
column number. Since the output data is in the third column of the table in our
case, we use the number “3” in the formula.

Approximate or Same Exact Match: By entering “False” or “True” in the

formula, you can tell Excel if you’re searching for an exact or estimated
match. We want the same or exact match (“Bananas”) in our VLOOKUP
function formula example, so we type “False” in the formula. We might get a
close match if we used “True” as a factor instead.
When looking up an actual statistic that isn’t in the table, for example, the
number “2.9585,” an estimated match will be helpful. Excel can search for
the nearest to “2.9585” in this situation, even though that number isn’t in the
dataset. This would help avoid VLOOKUP formula errors.
VLOOKUP in Financial Modeling and Financial Analysis
VLOOKUP formulas are often used in financial modeling and other forms of
financial analysis to render simulations more complex and integrate different
examples.
Consider a financial model that contained a debt plan and three alternative
interest rate scenarios: 3.0%, 4.0%, and 5.0%. A VLOOKUP could look for
a low, medium, or high scenario and then output the associated interest rate
into the financial model.

Tips for the VLOOKUP Function

The following is a set of essential items to note regarding the “Excel
VLOOKUP Function”:

The VLOOKUP feature would allow a non-exact match if the

lookup range is omitted, but it would use an exact match if one
existed.
The function’s most significant flaw is that it still seems to be
right. It can pull data from the columns to the right of the table’s
first node.
VLOOKUP can only fit the first value if the lookup column
includes redundant values.
The role is unaffected by the situation.
Assume that a VLOOKUP formula already exists in a worksheet.
In that case, if we add a column to the table, formulas will split.
Since hard-coded column index values do not adjust immediately
as columns are added or removed, this is the case.
Assume the table we’re dealing with has numbers inserted as text
in the function. It doesn’t matter whether we’re only extracting
 numbers as text from a table panel. However, we’ll get a “#N/A!”
if the table’s first column includes numbers entered as text. If the
lookup value is not indeed in text type, an error will occur.
If the VLOOKUP function fails to locate a fit for the supplied
lookup value, an error is returned (“#NONE”).
The error “#REF Error” occurs whenever one or more of the
following conditions are met: The number of columns in the
supplied table array is greater than the “col index num” argument,
or the formula tried to appeal to cells that did not function.
The error “#WORTH. Error” occurs whenever one or more of the
following conditions are met: “The col_index num” statement is
less than one or isn’t a numeric value, or the “range_lookup”
statement isn’t understood as a “TRUE” or “FALSE” logical
value.
“VLOOKUP” and “#N/A” Errors
If you use VLOOKUP, you’ll almost certainly get a “#N/A” warning. The
error code “#N/A” simply indicates “not identified.” All the three
VLOOKUP formulas return into “#N/A” if the lookup cost or value for “Toy
Story 2” did not appear in the lookup table on the screen given below:

One method to “trap” the “N/A” error is to use the “IFNA” function like
below:
H6 shows the formula which is “= IFNA” and “VLOOKUP (H4, B5; E9, 2,
FALSE),” “Not found”
This error will tell you that

The lookup formula is misspelled or includes extra space in the

table.
The match mode is the same rather than should be approximate.
The table set is not inserted correctly.
The “Copy” of VLOOKUP and the table relation are not locked.
 BONUS:
50 complex formulas to streamline your daily work

N Descriptio
Formula
o n
Look up a
value in
1 =VLOOKUP(A2,Sheet2!A2:B100,2,FALSE)
another
table
Sum
values
2 =SUMIFS(B2:B100,A2:A100,"Category1") based on
multiple
conditions

Index and
match for
3 =INDEX(Sheet2!B2:B100,MATCH(A2,Sheet2!A2:A100,0))
exact value
lookup

Combine
text from
4 =CONCATENATE(A2," - ",B2)
multiple
cells

Replace
blank cells
5 =IF(ISBLANK(A2),"No Data",A2)
with
custom text

Calculate
average
6 =AVERAGEIFS(C2:C100,B2:B100,"Category1") based on
multiple
conditions

Format
date as
7 =TEXT(DATE(2023,3,15),"dd-mmm-yyyy")
"15-Mar-
2023"

Count cells
with
8 =COUNTIF(B2:B100,"Complete")
specific
text

9 =MAX(D2:D100)-MIN(D2:D100) Calculate
the range
between
maximum
 and
minimum

Combine
1
=IF(AND(A2="Yes",B2>100), "Qualified", "Not Qualified") logical
0
conditions

Sum based
on criteria
1
=SUMPRODUCT((A2:A100="Category1")*(C2:C100)) using
1
SUMPRO
DUCT

Index and
1 match for
=INDEX(Sheet2!C2:C100,MATCH(MAX(Sheet2!B2:B100),Sheet2!B2:B100,0))
2 maximum
value
Round up
1 to nearest
=ROUNDUP(B2,0)
3 whole
number

Handle
1
=IFERROR(VLOOKUP(A2,Sheet2!A2:B100,2,FALSE),"N/A") errors with
4
custom text

Count cells
1 based on
=COUNTIFS(A2:A100,"Category1",B2:B100,"Complete")
5 multiple
criteria

Sum
values
1
=SUMPRODUCT((MONTH(A2:A100)=3)*(C2:C100)) based on a
6
specific
month
Calculate
working
1
=NETWORKDAYS(DATE(2023,3,1),DATE(2023,3,31),Sheet2!A2:A10) days
7
between
two dates
Calculate
sum
1
=SUBTOTAL(9,C2:C100) ignoring
8
hidden
rows

Calculate
1 the rank of
=RANK(B2,$B$2:$B$100)
9 a value in
a range

2 =TRANSPOSE(A2:D2) Transpose
0 rows into
columns
Calculate
average
2
=AVERAGEIFS(C2:C100,A2:A100,"Category1") based on
1
multiple
conditions

Combine
2
=IF(OR(B2="High",B2="Medium"), "Priority", "Low") logical
2
conditions
Sum based
2
=SUMPRODUCT((A2:A100="Category1")(B2:B100="Complete")(C2:C100)) on multiple
3
criteria

Index and
2 match for
=INDEX(Sheet2!D2:D100,MATCH(MAX(Sheet2!C2:C100),Sheet2!C2:C100,0))
4 maximum
value

Determine
2 if text is
=IF(LEN(A2)>10, "Long Text", "Short Text")
5 long or
short

Handle
2 errors in
=IFERROR(AVERAGE(C2:C100),"No Data")
6 calculating
average
Count cells
2 based on
=COUNTIFS(A2:A100,"Category1",C2:C100,">100")
7 multiple
criteria
Combine
2 text from a
=TEXTJOIN(", ",TRUE,A2:A10)
8 range with
delimiter
Combine
2
=IF(OR(A2="Yes",B2="Yes"),"Both Yes","Not Both Yes") logical
9
conditions

Sum
values
3
=SUMPRODUCT(--(TEXT(A2:A100,"mmm")="Mar")*(C2:C100)) based on
0
specific
month

3 =IF(COUNTIF(B2:B100,B2)>1, "Duplicate", "Unique") Identify

1 duplicate
values in a
range
 Identify
3 most
=INDEX(Sheet2!A2:A100,MODE(MATCH(Sheet2!A2:A100,Sheet2!A2:A100,0)))
2 frequent
value
Format
3 date as
=TEXT(A2,"dd-mmm-yyyy")
3 "15-Mar-
2023"
Check for
3
=IF(COUNTIF(A2:A100,A2)>1,"Duplicate","Unique") duplicate
4
values
Round
3 number to
=ROUND(A2,2)
5 2 decimal
places
Check if
3 number is
=IF(A2>100,"Above 100","Below 100")
6 above or
below 100
Create a
3
=HYPERLINK("http://www.example.com/", "Click here") clickable
7
hyperlink
Limit text
3 length and
=IF(LEN(A2)>50,LEFT(A2,50)&"...","A2")
8 add
ellipsis
Sum
values
3
=SUMPRODUCT(--(ISNUMBER(FIND("Keyword",A2:A100))),C2:C100) based on
9
keyword
match

4
=AGGREGATE(9,0,Sheet2!C2:C100/(Sheet2!A2:A100="Category1"))
0
Calculate
sum
4 ignoring
=COUNTIFS(A2:A100,">="&DATE(2023,1,1),A2:A100,"<"&DATE(2023,2,1))
1 hidden
rows with
conditions

Count
dates
4
=IF(A2="High",B21.1,IF(A2="Medium",B21.05,B2*1.02)) within a
2
specific
month
4 =TRANSPOSE(SPLIT(A2," ")) Apply
3 tiered
percentage
increase
Split text
4 into
=SUBSTITUTE(A2,"old","new")
4 multiple
columns
Replace
4 =INDEX(Sheet2!A2:A100,SMALL(IF(Sheet2!B2:B100="Category1",ROW(Sheet2!A2:A text in a
5 100)-ROW(Sheet2!A2)+1),ROW(1:1))) cell with
new text
Extract
4 multiple
=CONCATENATE(TEXT(A2,"yyyy")," - ",TEXT(B2,"mmm"))
6 matching
values
Combine
4 date and
=IFERROR(VLOOKUP(A2,Sheet2!A2:B100,2,FALSE),"Not Found")
7 month into
text
Handle
errors in
4
=IFERROR(INDEX(Sheet2!B2:B100,MATCH(A2,Sheet2!A2:A100,0)),"No Match") VLOOKU
8
P with
custom text
Handle
errors in
4 INDEX-
=SUMPRODUCT(--(TEXT(A2:A100,"mmm")="Mar"),C2:C100)
9 MATCH
with
custom text
 CONCLUSION

The updated Excel models have all you need to get started and become a
professional, as well as a wide range of valuable features. To save you time,
MS Excel identifies trends and organizes results. Create spreadsheets
quickly and conveniently from models or from scratch, then use modern
features to conduct calculations.
It includes both basic and advanced software that can be used in almost any
business environment. The Excel database helps you build, access, update,
and exchange data with others efficiently and easily. You can generate
spreadsheets, data tables, data logs, budgets, and more by reading and
updating excel files attached to emails.
When you gain a better understanding of various definitions, you’ll be able to
recognize the new tools and features that Excel offers its users. The reality is
that Excel functionality can accommodate almost any individual or business
needs. All you need to do is put in the effort to broaden your skills. The
learning curve for developing your skills may be steep, but with practice and
time, you will notice that things become second nature. After all, a person
improves by repetition.
Mastering these basic Excel skills is what you need to do to make your life
easier—and maybe impress those in your workplace. However, remember
that no matter how familiar you are with this helpful instrument, there is
always something fresh to learn.
Whatever you do, keep developing your Excel skills—it will not only help
you keep track of your own earnings, but it can also lead to a better potential
job opportunity.
To conclude, wisdom is often said to be strong, and there's no easier way to
motivate yourself than by honing your talents and the worth of your business
with expertise and technology.