Sentence

Patterns

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Rosa Maria Aguado
Lesson Objectives:
The learner should be able to
determine the sentence patterns in
English;

The learner should be able to

construct a sentence according to
its pattern; and

The learner should be able to

arrange words to formulate
meaningful sentences.
 Introduction
In English, the arrangement of
words in a grammatical structure
form a meaningful sentence. The
placement of the subject, verb, and
other components in the sentence is
important as it helps us understand
what the sentence is all about.
What is a subject?
A subject is either performing the action of
the sentence or experiencing a state of
being.

Example:
Rosa and Samira listened attentively.

The two subjects in the sentence above are

"Rosa and Samira," who performed the
action of "listening."
 What is a verb?
A verb is a word that expresses an action or
a state of being of a subject in a sentence.

Example:
Rosa and Samira listened attentively.

The verb in this sentence that shows action

is the word "listened." The verb expresses an
action being performed by the subjects
"Rosa and Samira."
 Basic Sentence Patterns
a. Subject + Intransitive Verb (S-IV)
b. Subject + Transitive Verb + Direct Object (S-TV-DO)
c. Subject + Transitive Verb + Indirect Object + Direct
Object (S-TV-IO-DO)
d. Subject + Transitive Verb + Direct Object + Objective
Complement (S-TV-DO-OC)
e. Subject + Linking Verb + Predicate Nominative
(S-LV-PN)
f. Subject + Linking Verb + Predicate
Adjective (S-LV-PA)
g. Verb + Subject (V-S)
 TWO TYPES OF ACTION VERBS:
INTRANSITIVE & TRANSITIVE
Transitive verbs have objects while intransitive verbs do not.

An intransitive verb does not need any object to make its sentence complete.
However, a transitive verb needs an object for the sentence to make sense.

To elaborate further, take the example sentences below:

Can you bring?
I borrowed.
Please take.

The sentences above do not make sense because the verbs have to be received
by something or someone. To complete the sentences, we add an object.
TWO TYPES OF ACTION VERBS:
INTRANSITIVE & TRANSITIVE
Can you bring the laptop tomorrow?
I borrowed money from my sister.
Please take the book with you.

Unlike the transitive verbs, intransitive verbs do not need

any object for the sentence to make sense.

She ran.
I cried.
He laughed.
 S - IV
The S-IV pattern is the most basic sentence pattern used in English. It
consists of a subject and an intransitive verb.

Let's take a look at these examples:

My best friend and I went to the press conference.

S IV
The man in the black suit spoke during the conference.

S IV
 S - TV - DO
This pattern follows the sequence: subject, transitive verb, and direct object.

A transitive verb is a verb that uses a direct object, which shows who
or what receives the action in a sentence. A direct object provides an
answer to the question of who(m) or what.
Let's take a look at these examples:

The president has signed the bill.

S TV DO
DOST Sec. Dela Peña attended the press conference.

S TV DO
HOW TO FIND THE DIRECT OBJECT?
To find the direct object, determine the verb first and
then ask WHO or WHAT received the action.

EXAMPLE: The president has signed the bill.

● What is the verb? Answer: has signed
● What was “has signed”? Answer: the bill.

Since the bill received the action has signed,

therefore, the bill is the direct object.
 S - TV - IO - DO
This pattern follows the sequence: subject, transitive verb, indirect
object, and direct object.

Note that an indirect object only appears if there is a direct

object in the sentence.

Let's take a look at these examples:

The organizers handed the reporters their passes.

S TV IO DO
The reporters are asking the panel some questions.

S TV IO DO
HOW TO FIND THE INDIRECT OBJECT?
To find the direct object, determine first if the sentence
has a direct object. Once the direct object is identified, ask
WHO or WHAT received the direct object.

EXAMPLE: The organizers handed the reporters their passes.

What is the verb? Answer: handed
What was handed? Answer: the passes
Who received the pass? Answer: the reporters

The verb in the sentence above is handed and passes received the
action object. Since the reporters received the passes, therefore,
reporters is the indirect object.
 S - TV - DO - OC
This pattern follows the sequence: subject, transitive verb, direct object, and objective
complement.

An objective complement is defined as a noun, pronoun, or adjective that describes the

direct object.

Let's take a look at these examples:

The director-general of PhilSA declared the event a success.

S TV DO OC

My friends and I found the PhilSA press conference interesting.

S TV DO OC
 S - LV - PN
This pattern follows the sequence: subject, linking verb, and predicate
nominative.
Predicate nominatives rename the subjects.
Let's take a look at these examples:

The PhilSA Director-General is a professor from UP Diliman.

S LV PN

The organizers of the events are members of the PhilSA.

S LV PN
 S - LV - PA
This pattern follows the sequence: subject, linking verb, and predicate
adjectives.
Predicate adjectives describe the subjects.
Let's take a look at these examples:

The equipment in PhilSA looks impressive.

S LV PA
S LV PA

Filipino scientists are excited of what’s going to happen next

in the Philippine Space Sector.
Predicate Nominative vs. Predicate Adjectives
Predicate Nominative are always nouns or pronouns; they give
additional information to our subject by renaming them. On the other
hand, Predicate Adjective are always adjectives; they describe or give
the state of the subject.

For example,
Eren Yeager is the Attack Titan.

The above sentence tells us what Eren Yeager is – an Attack Titan.

Attack Titan is a noun, hence a Predicate Nominative.

According to Sasha, the food tasted fantastic.

The second sentence on the other hand describes the food that Sasha
tasted – fantastic. Since fantastic is an adjective, hence Predicate
Adjective.
 V-S
This pattern follows the sequence: Verb and subject.
the sentence pattern used for inverted sentences and interrogative
sentences. Unlike the other sentence patterns, the verb is written first
before the subject.
Let's take a look at these examples:

When was the PhilSA inaugurated?

V S
Here are the presentations from the PhilSA conference.

V S
 NOTE:
V-S patterns are easily identified
because it often starts with
“here”, “there”, or
interrogative words such as
when, what, why, etc.
Do you have any
questions?
IDENTIFY THE SENTENCE PATTERN USED (LABEL EACH PART):
1. The movie is pretty amazing.
2. My parents brought me some pasalubongs.
3. Have you seen the award show last night?
4. Watching anime makes me happy.
5. I can’t wait for the next album release of my favorite band.
6. The students are finishing their project for the quarter.
7. I will be a doctor someday.
8. The year 2020 is a challenge.
9. The favorite thing that I like to do during my free time is read manga.
10. The rain started in the evening.
11. Ukai named Ennoshita team captain after Daichi graduated.
12. Is there an exam tomorrow?
13. He showed them pictures of his camping trip last year.
14. Arlie invited Jes to the study group.
15. Jiraiya is alive!