Steam tracing simulation for determining Process Fluid Temperature

SI Unit Version
Author: J.A.B. de Lange Assumptions:
In conjunction with www.cheresources.com Saturated Steam is used, pressure drop along length of pipe neglegible
Press "Ctrl L" to activate the macro that runs the simulation. Resistance to heat transfer through tracer pipe wall material is neglegible

! It is very important to read the messages at the bottom of the screen each time the simulation has been run, before evaluating the outputs.

Inputs Ouputs

Line Number 1 Other Information

Pipe Length (m) 75 Annulus Temperature (ºC) 85.7

Steam Specification Steam Information

Steam Pressure (kPa) 150 Steam Temperature (ºC) 111.4
Steam Consumption (kg/h) 34.0
Process Fluid Pipe
Pipe NPS (inches) 16" Process Fluid Pipe
Pipe schedule STD Process Fluid Temperature (ºC) 87
Pipe material Stainless steel Pipe Outer Radius (mm) 203.20
Minimum allowable fluid temperature (ºC) 130 Pipe Wall Thickness (mm) 9.53
Pipe Inner Radius (mm) 193.68
Steam tracing available Wall Material Thermal Conductivity, kw, (W/mK) 16.8
Bare/Cemented Bare
Amount of Available Tracers 3 Steam Tracer Information
Tracer NPS (inches) ½" Tracer Outer Radius (mm) 10.67
Tracer Pipe Material Carbon Steel Spacers Required

Insulation Specifications Insulation Information

Insulation Material Fiberglass Thermal Conductivity, k(ins), (W/mK) 0.03795
Insulation Thickness (mm) 50 Temperature Range (ºC) 10 to 250ºC
Emissivity of insulation lagging 0.4 Average Insulation Temperature (ºC) 58

Ambient Conditions Outer Surface Information

Ambient Temperature (ºC) -10 Hottest Outside Surface Temperature (ºC) -2676
Wind Velocity (km/h) 32.4 Surface Film Coefficient, ho, (W/m²K) 27.0

Messages
Please run the simulation again by pressing Ctrl L, as all the values have not converged to a satisfactory degree
Hottest Surface Temperature Acceptable for Personnel Protection, insulation thickness ok
Reduce the insulation thickness, as this results in the surface temperature being less than the ambient temperature
Steam pressure acceptable
Process Fluid Temperature less than minimum allowable fluid temperature. Clogging likely to occur
Steam tracing simulation for determining Process Fluid Temperature
Imperial Unit Version
Author: J.A.B. de Lange
In conjunction with www.cheresources.com
Press "Ctrl r" to activate the macro that runs the simulation.

! It is very important to read the messages at the bottom of the screen each time the simulation has been run,

Inputs

Line Number 2
Pipe Length (ft) 250

Steam Specification
Steam Pressure (psi) 140

Process Fluid Pipe

Pipe NPS (inches) 16"
Pipe schedule STD
Pipe material Carbon steel
Minimum allowable fluid temperature (ºF) 130

Steam tracing available

Bare/Cemented Bare
Amount of Available Tracers 2
Tracer NPS (inches) ½"
Tracer Pipe Material Carbon Steel

Insulation Specifications
Insulation Material Rock Wool 40 kg/m³
Insulation Thickness (inches) 2
Emissivity of insulation lagging 0.4

Ambient Conditions
Ambient Temperature (ºF) 0
Wind Velocity (ft/s) 42

Messages
Solution converged to a satisfactory degree
Hottest Surface Temperature Acceptable for Personnel Protection, insulation thickness ok
Insulation thickness acceptable, but refer to the second message for further information
Steam pressure acceptable
Process Fluid Temperature acceptable, and above Minimum Allowable Fluid Temperature
cess Fluid Temperature

Assumptions:
Saturated Steam is used, pressure drop along length of pipe neglegible
Resistance to heat transfer through tracer pipe wall material is neglegible

screen each time the simulation has been run, before evaluating the outputs.

Ouputs

Other Information
Annulus Temperature (ºF) 187.7

Steam Information
Steam Temperature (ºF) 353.0
Steam Consumption (lbm/h) 31.2

Process Fluid Pipe

Process Fluid Temperature (ºF) 131
Pipe Outer Radius (inches) 8.00
Pipe Wall Thickness (inches) 0.37
Pipe Inner Radius (inches) 7.62
Wall Material Thermal Conductivity, kw, (BTU/fthºF) 30.7

Steam Tracer Information

Tracer Outer Radius (inches) 0.42
No Spacers Required

Insulation Information
Thermal Conductivity, k(ins), (BTU/fthºF) 0.02501
Temperature Range (ºF) -45 to 390ºF
Average Insulation Temperature (ºF) 79

Outer Surface Information

Hottest Outside Surface Temperature (ºF) 81
Surface Film Coefficient, ho, (BTU/ft hºF)
2
3.1

on, insulation thickness ok

ge for further information

owable Fluid Temperature

0
0
Before attempting to run the simulations, make sure your version of excel is configured as follows:
Selecting the cell will display instructions.

1 Install Solver
2 Make sure the macro function can use Solver

If at any time Solver reports an error message after a macro has been run, simply uninstall the Solver Add-In from the Add-
Ins menu (found under Tools), and reinstall Solver as described under "Install Solver".

If the above has no effect on the outcome of the error message, try guessing another value for the insulation thickness. Solver
sometimes converges to different values depending on the initial starting value.
r Add-In from the Add-

sulation thickness. Solver

 SI units
Available Steam
Latent Heat (kJ/kg)
2238.34015543663

Pipes Bare
Reference 1 15 Cemented
Reference 2 8

Thermal conductivity, PFP, kw, (W/mK)

Temperature,K 298.15 398.15 498.15 kw
Stainless steel 16 17 19 16.76912111
Carbon steel 54 51 47 51.98316185
Copper 401 400 398 400.2308789
Brass 109 109 109 109
Aluminium 250 255 250 251.6666667
Iron 80 68 60 73.09474816

Thermal conductivity, Insu

Temperature, K 230 240 255 270 283.15
Fiberglass 0.032
Foam Glass 0.045 0.046666 0.0486915 0.050880017 0.0529307
Calcium silicate 0.0538
Rigid Polyurethane 0.024894325 0.0251241047 0.02544627465 0.025741445 0.025978
Cellular glass 0.046 0.048 0.051 0.052 0.0547
Rock Wool 40 kg/m³ 0.036
Rock Wool 60 kg/m³ 0.0346
Rock Wool 80 kg/m³ 0.038

Reference
1

Ambient Temperature
Wind speed (m/s) (km/h) є q -10
0 0 0 1003.19167603022 -9
1 3.6 0.05 1041.66339397157 -8
2 7.2 0.1 -7
3 10.8 0.15 -6
4 14.4 0.2 -5
5 18 0.25 -4
6 21.6 0.3 -3
7 25.2 0.35 -2
8 28.8 0.4 -1
9 32.4 0.45 0
10 36 0.5 1
11 39.6 0.55 2
12 43.2 0.6 3
13 46.8 0.65 4
14 50.4 0.7 5
15 54 0.75 6
16 57.6 0.8 7
17 61.2 0.85 8
18 64.8 0.9 9
19 68.4 0.95 10
20 72 1 11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
 47
48
49
50

Imperial Units

Available steam
Latent Heat (BTU/lbm)
885.398396865536

Pipes Bare
Reference 1 15 Cemented
Reference 2 8

Thermal conductivity, PFP, kw, (BTU/fthºF)

Temperature,K 77 257 437 kw
Stainless steel 9.243212016 9.8209127672 10.9763142692086 9.404642082
Carbon steel 31.19584055 29.462738302 27.1519352975159 30.69079246
Copper 231.6580012 231.0803004 229.924898902369 231.4965711
Brass 62.96938186 62.96938186 62.9693818601964 62.96938186
Aluminium 144.4251878 147.31369151 144.425187752744 145.3880223
Iron 46.21606008 39.283651069 34.6620450606586 44.11283609

Thermal conductivity, Insu

Temperature, K 230 240 255 270 283.15
Fiberglass 0.032
Foam Glass 0.045 0.046666 0.0486915 0.050880017 0.0529307
Calcium silicate 0.0538
Rigid Polyurethane 0.024894325 0.0251241047 0.02544627465 0.025741445 0.025978
Cellular glass 0.046 0.048 0.051 0.052 0.0547
Rock Wool 40 kg/m³ 0.036
Rock Wool 60 kg/m³ 0.0346
Rock Wool 80 kg/m³ 0.038

Reference
6

Ambient Temperature
Wind speed (ft/s) є q (BTU/hft2) -4
 0 0 19.2507965569544 -3
3 0.05 24.7251774541281 -2
6 0.1 -1
9 0.15 0
12 0.2 1
15 0.25 2
18 0.3 3
21 0.35 4
24 0.4 5
27 0.45 6
30 0.5 7
33 0.55 8
36 0.6 9
39 0.65 10
42 0.7 11
45 0.75 12
48 0.8 13
51 0.85 14
54 0.9 15
57 0.95 16
60 1 17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
 91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
 Amount of Tracers
1 Tracer OD OD (Inches) OD (mm)
2 ¼" 0.672 17.0688
3 ½" 0.84 21.336
4 ¾" 1.05 26.67
5 1" 1.315 33.401
Reference 2
Stainless Steel
Carbon Steel

Reference
1

hermal conductivity, Insulation material, kins

297.15 310.85 323.15 348.15 373.15
0.033 0.034314 0.037 0.04 0.044
0.05525 0.05765435 0.0599275 0.064880625 0.07028
0.054 0.055 0.056 0.0575 0.059582
0.026207 0.0264084 0.02657 0.0268425 0.02704
0.0578 0.0621 0.064 0.0674 0.070455
0.038 0.04 0.042 0.0475 0.054
0.0368 0.039 0.041 0.0448 0.048
0.039 0.04 0.041 0.0436 0.046

mbient Temperature Outputs

Ouputs: Bare

Other Information
Annulus Temperature (ºC) 85.7

Steam Information
Steam Temperature (ºC) 111.3651317
Steam Consumption (kg/h) 34.04

Process Fluid Pipe

Process Fluid Temperature (ºC) 87.38585177
Pipe Outer Radius (mm) 203.20
Pipe Wall Thickness (mm) 9.53
Pipe Inner Radius (mm) 193.68
Wall Material Thermal Conductivity, kw, (W/mK) 16.8

Steam Tracer Information

Tracer Outer Radius (mm) 10.67

Spacers Required

Insulation Information
Thermal Conductivity, k(ins), (W/mK) 0.03795
Temperature Range (ºC) 10 to 250ºC
Average Insulation Temperature (ºC) 58.46

Outer Surface Information

Hottest Outside Surface Temperature (ºC) -2676.49
Surface Film Coefficient, ho, (W/m²K) 27.0

Ouputs: Cemented

Other Information
Annulus Temperature (ºC) 113.2

Steam Information
Steam Temperature (ºC) 111.3651317
Steam Consumption (kg/h) 38.89

Process Fluid Pipe

Process Fluid Temperature (ºC) 143.81
Pipe Outer Radius (mm) 203.20
Pipe Wall Thickness (mm) 9.53
Pipe Inner Radius (mm) 193.68
Wall Material Thermal Conductivity, kw, (W/mK) 16.8

Steam Tracer Information

Tracer Outer Radius (mm) 10.67

Spacers Required

Insulation Information
Thermal Conductivity, k(ins), (W/mK) 0.03795
Temperature Range (ºC) 10 to 250ºC
 Average Insulation Temperature (ºC) 84.42

Outer Surface Information

Hottest Outside Surface Temperature (ºC) -2396.84
Surface Film Coefficient, ho, (W/m²K) 27.2

L act (mm) 93.3563386

Amount of Tracers Tracer OD OD (Inches) OD (mm)

1 ¼" 0.672 17.0688
2 ½" 0.84 21.336
3 ¾" 1.05 26.67
4 1" 1.315 33.401
5 Reference 2
Stainless Steel
Carbon Steel

Reference
2

hermal conductivity, Insulation material, kins, (BTU/fthºF)

297.15 310.85 323.15 348.15 373.15
0.033 0.034314 0.037 0.04 0.044
0.05525 0.05765435 0.0599275 0.064880625 0.07028
0.054 0.055 0.056 0.0575 0.059582
0.026207 0.0264084 0.02657 0.0268425 0.02704
0.0578 0.0621 0.064 0.0674 0.070455
0.038 0.04 0.042 0.0475 0.054
0.0368 0.039 0.041 0.0448 0.048
0.039 0.04 0.041 0.0436 0.046

mbient Temperature Outputs

ºF Ouputs: Bare
Other Information
Annulus Temperature (ºF) 187.7

Steam Information
Steam Temperature (ºF) 353.04
Steam Consumption (lbm/h) 31.22

Process Fluid Pipe

Process Fluid Temperature (ºF) 130.53
Pipe Outer Radius (inches) 8.00
Pipe Wall Thickness (inches) 0.37
Pipe Inner Radius (inches) 7.62
Wall Material Thermal Conductivity, kw, (BTU/fthºF) 30.7

Steam Tracer Information

Tracer Outer Radius (inches) 0.42

No Spacers Required

Insulation Information
Thermal Conductivity, k(ins), (BTU/fthºF) 0.02501
Temperature Range (ºF) -45 to 390ºF
Average Insulation Temperature (ºF) 79.45

Outer Surface Information

Hottest Outside Surface Temperature (ºF) 81.14
Surface Film Coefficient, ho, (BTU/ft hºF)
2
3.1

Ouputs: Cemented

Other Information
Annulus Temperature (ºF) 217.8

Steam Information
Steam Temperature (ºF) 353.04
Steam Consumption (lbm/h) 42.81

Process Fluid Pipe

Process Fluid Temperature (ºF) 192.30
Pipe Outer Radius (inches) 8.00
Pipe Wall Thickness (inches) 0.37
Pipe Inner Radius (inches) 7.62
Wall Material Thermal Conductivity, kw, (BTU/fthºF) 30.7
Steam Tracer Information
Tracer Outer Radius (inches) 0.42

No Spacers Required

Insulation Information
Thermal Conductivity, k(ins), (BTU/fthºF) 0.02501
Temperature Range (ºF) -45 to 390ºF
Average Insulation Temperature (ºF) 107.94

Outer Surface Information

Hottest Outside Surface Temperature (ºF) 3.82
Surface Film Coefficient, ho, (BTU/ft hºF)
2
3.3

L act (inches) 3.669904239

Cement
0.21
0.2625
0.2625

398.15 423.15 448.15 473.15

0.047 0.052 0.057 0.062
0.076125625 0.0824175 0.089155625 0.09634
0.061 0.0635 0.066 0.068
0.0271625 0.02721 0.0271825 0.02708
0.0748 0.08 0.086 0.093
0.059 0.065 0.0739 0.085
0.053 0.058 0.062 0.065
0.05 0.055 0.059 0.064

k1 -8.82001645919337
k2 0.7914711689297

acos((r1-r2)/(r1+r2)) 0.450481574377843 Starting Values Diff

Tsurf pipe bare ºC -1643.4639661938 27.1434475056524 2790929.1307
Tsurf pipe cement -1587.57259431737 28.2815916640183 2610984.7504
Process fluid temp (Bare) -21.14 11778.690811
Process fluid temp (Cement) 62.4612425047772 6617.9943683
Please run the simulation again by pressing Ctrl L, as all the values have not converged to
5420310.5662
Please run the simulation again by pressing Ctrl L, as all the values have not converged to

Please refer to Sheet "SI Version" or "Imperial Unit Version" again to continue.
 Please refer to Sheet "SI Version" or "Imperial Unit Version" again to continue.
Do not change anything in this sheet, as it will cause the simulation to run incorrectly

c1 -50.1626611194781
c2 0.791615664331269
c3 2.1986823017376
NPS qt (W/m²K)
½" 34.4 60.2879608
¾" 34.4 60.2879608
1" 34.3 60.1127051
1½" 34.3 60.1127051
2" 32.6 57.1333582
2½" 31 54.329267
3" 29.1 50.9994087
3½" 27.8 48.7210846
4" 26.9 47.1437833
6" 23.8 41.7108566
8" 21.5 37.6799755
10" 18.4 32.2470488
12" 14.6 25.5873322
14" 12.2 21.3811954
16" 9.8 17.1750586
18" 9.8 17.1750586
20" 9.8 17.1750586
24" 9.7 16.9998029
30" 9.7 16.9998029
36" 9.7 16.9998029
42" 9.6 16.8245472
 48" 9.6 16.8245472
17.1750586

mm inch
Insthick 50.00 1.96850393700787

Cement
0.168
0.21
0.168

398.15 423.15 448.15 473.15

0.047 0.052 0.057 0.062
0.076125625 0.0824175 0.089155625 0.09634
0.061 0.0635 0.066 0.068
0.0271625 0.02721 0.0271825 0.02708
0.0748 0.08 0.086 0.093
0.059 0.065 0.0739 0.085
0.053 0.058 0.062 0.065
0.05 0.055 0.059 0.064

k1 70.7453694385991
k2 0.541975546641748
ctrl + r
acos((r1-r2)/(r1+r2)) 0.450482009777591 Starting Values Diff
Tsurf pipe bare ºF 6.12625621589367 6.12622596387729 9.151845E-10
Tsurf pipe cement ºF 7.50805905603241 7.50807230003457 1.754036E-10
Process fluid temp Bare 130.532401096248 2.186618E-08
Process fluid temp Cement 192.300517231076 2.964793E-08
Solution converged to a satisfactory degree
5.260469E-08
Solution converged to a satisfactory degree

Please refer to Sheet "SI Version" or "Imperial Unit Version" again to continue.

c1 -434.939589527165
c2 0.0318748554555224
c3 2.744
NPS qt (BTU/ft²hºF)
½" 34.4
¾" 34.4
1" 34.3
1½" 34.3
2" 32.6
2½" 31
3" 29.1
3½" 27.8
4" 26.9
6" 23.8
8" 21.5
 10" 18.4
12" 14.6
14" 12.2
16" 9.8
18" 9.8
20" 9.8
24" 9.7
30" 9.7
36" 9.7
42" 9.6
48" 9.6
9.8

mm inch
Insthick 50.00 1.96850393700787

α 0.450482009777591
Ф 1.52500256178762
 498.15 523.15 573.15 598.15 623.15 648.15 673.15
0.068 0.075
0.103970625 0.1120475
0.071 0.0742363 0.08 0.083 0.086 0.09 0.0928
0.0269025 0.02665 0.02592 0.025443 0.02489 0.024263 0.02356
- - - - - - -
0.097 0.118
0.069 0.072
0.069 0.0738

Bare
Cem

" again to continue.

" again to continue.
to run incorrectly
 498.15 523.15 573.15 598.15 623.15 648.15 673.15
0.068 0.075
0.103970625 0.1120475
0.071 0.0742363 0.08 0.083 0.086 0.09 0.0928
0.0269025 0.02665 0.02592 0.025443 0.02489 0.024263 0.02356
- - - - - - -
0.097 0.118
0.069 0.072
0.069 0.0738
" again to continue.
 698.15 723.15 748.15 773.15 823.15 873.15 923.15 KinsInterp
0.0379459572235
0.0640588262339
0.096 0.0999 0.104 0.108 0.116 0.126 0.137 0.053757476282
0.022782 0.02193 0.021003 0.02 0.01777 0.01524 0.01241 0.0268056263649
- - - - - - - 0.064400981579
0.0444328631473
0.0423396105375
0.0425073046647
 698.15 723.15 748.15 773.15 823.15 873.15 923.15 KinsInterp(W/mK)
0.0372946669155
0.0632227456404
0.096 0.0999 0.104 0.108 0.116 0.126 0.137 0.0532983524241
0.022782 0.02193 0.021003 0.02 0.01777 0.01524 0.01241 0.0268589907109
- - - - - - - 0.0637148131725
0.0432839468756
0.0417443573775
0.0419472747157
Temp range
10 to 250ºC
-43 to 250ºC
10 to 650ºC
10 to 650ºC
-43 to 200ºC
-43 to 200ºC
10 to 250ºC
10 to 250ºC
Temp range Kins(BTU/fthºF)
50 to 480ºF 0.021545157
-45 to 480ºF 0.036523828
50 to 1200ºF 0.030790498
50 to 1200ºF 0.015516459
-45 to 390ºF 0.036808095
-45 to 390ºF 0.025005169
50 to 480ºF 0.024115747
50 to 480ºF 0.024232972
Steam Table SI Units Steam Table Imperial Units
pressure temp Hf pressure temp H(latent)
kPa K kJ/kg psia deg F BTU/lb
6.895 311.894 2410.4 1 101.74 1036.35
13.79 325.411 2378.8 2 126.07 1022.74
20.685 333.967 2358.8 3 141.47 1014.14
27.58 340.35 2343.8 4 152.96 1007.71
34.475 345.506 2331.7 5 162.24 1002.52
41.37 349.844 2321.5 6 170.05 998.13
48.265 353.617 2312.6 7 176.84 994.306
55.16 356.961 2304.7 8 182.86 990.905
62.055 359.967 2297.6 9 188.27 987.84
68.95 362.711 2291.1 10 193.21 985.033
75.845 365.233 2285.1 11 197.75 982.445
82.74 367.572 2279.5 12 201.96 980.039
89.635 369.75 2274.2 13 205.88 977.791
96.53 371.794 2269.3 14 209.56 975.675
103.425 373.722 2264.7 15 213.03 973.675
110.32 375.55 2260.2 16 216.32 971.772
117.215 377.283 2256 17 219.44 969.963
124.11 378.933 2252 18 222.41 968.237
131.005 380.506 2248.2 19 225.24 966.587
137.9 382.017 2244.5 20 227.96 964.997
144.795 383.467 2240.9 21 230.57 963.468
151.69 384.856 2237.5 22 233.07 961.999
158.585 386.2 2234.2 23 235.49 960.574
165.48 387.494 2231 24 237.82 959.198
172.375 388.744 2227.9 25 240.07 957.867
179.27 389.956 2224.9 26 242.25 956.573
186.165 391.128 2222 27 244.36 955.319
193.06 392.267 2219.1 28 246.41 954.097
199.955 393.372 2216.4 29 248.4 952.908
206.85 394.45 2213.7 30 250.34 951.746
213.745 395.494 2211 31 252.22 950.618
220.64 396.511 2208.5 32 254.05 949.517
227.535 397.506 2206 33 255.84 948.439
234.43 398.472 2203.5 34 257.58 947.388
241.325 399.422 2201.1 35 259.29 946.352
248.22 400.344 2198.8 36 260.95 945.345
255.115 401.25 2196.5 37 262.58 944.355
262.01 402.133 2194.2 38 264.17 943.386
268.905 402.994 2192 39 265.72 942.44
275.8 403.844 2189.8 40 267.25 941.505
282.695 404.672 2187.7 41 268.74 940.591
289.59 405.489 2185.6 42 270.21 939.689
296.485 406.289 2183.6 43 271.65 938.803
303.38 407.072 2181.5 44 273.06 937.934
310.275 407.839 2179.5 45 274.44 937.082
317.17 408.594 2177.6 46 275.8 936.24
324.065 409.339 2175.7 47 277.14 935.41
330.96 410.067 2173.8 48 278.45 934.596
337.855 410.783 2171.9 49 279.74 933.794
344.75 411.494 2170 50 281.02 932.996
351.645 412.189 2168.2 51 282.27 932.216
358.54 412.872 2166.4 52 283.5 931.446
365.435 413.544 2164.7 53 284.71 930.688
372.33 414.206 2162.9 54 285.9 929.941
379.225 414.861 2161.2 55 287.08 929.199
386.12 415.506 2159.5 56 288.24 928.469
393.015 416.139 2157.8 57 289.38 927.75
399.91 416.761 2156.2 58 290.5 927.042
406.805 417.383 2154.5 59 291.62 926.333
413.7 417.989 2152.9 60 292.71 925.642
420.595 418.589 2151.3 61 293.79 924.956
427.49 419.183 2149.8 62 294.86 924.275
434.385 419.767 2148.2 63 295.91 923.606
441.28 420.344 2146.7 64 296.95 922.943
448.175 420.917 2145.1 65 297.98 922.284
455.07 421.478 2143.6 66 298.99 921.638
461.965 422.033 2142.1 67 299.99 920.996
468.86 422.589 2140.6 68 300.99 920.354
475.755 423.128 2139.2 69 301.96 919.73
482.65 423.667 2137.7 70 302.93 919.106
489.545 424.2 2136.3 71 303.89 918.486
496.44 424.722 2134.9 72 304.83 917.879
503.335 425.244 2133.5 73 305.77 917.271
510.23 425.756 2132.1 74 306.69 916.674
517.125 426.267 2130.7 75 307.61 916.077
524.02 426.767 2129.3 76 308.51 915.492
530.915 427.267 2128 77 309.41 914.906
537.81 427.756 2126.6 78 310.29 914.333
544.705 428.244 2125.3 79 311.17 913.758
551.6 428.728 2124 80 312.04 913.19
558.495 429.206 2122.7 81 312.9 912.627
565.39 429.678 2121.4 82 313.75 912.069
572.285 430.15 2120.1 83 314.6 911.511
579.18 430.611 2118.8 84 315.43 910.966
586.075 431.072 2117.5 85 316.26 910.419
592.97 431.528 2116.3 86 317.08 909.879
599.865 431.978 2115 87 317.89 909.344
606.76 432.422 2113.8 88 318.69 908.815
613.655 432.867 2112.6 89 319.49 908.286
620.55 433.306 2111.4 90 320.28 907.762
627.445 433.739 2110.2 91 321.06 907.245
634.34 434.172 2108.9 92 321.84 906.726
641.235 434.6 2107.8 93 322.61 906.214
648.13 435.022 2106.6 94 323.37 905.708
655.025 435.444 2105.4 95 324.13 905.201
 661.92 435.861 2104.2 96 324.88 904.7
668.815 436.278 2103.1 97 325.63 904.198
675.71 436.683 2101.9 98 326.36 903.709
682.605 437.094 2100.8 99 327.1 903.213
689.5 437.494 2099.6 100 327.82 902.729
696.395 437.894 2098.5 101 328.54 902.245
703.29 438.294 2097.4 102 329.26 901.761
710.185 438.689 2096.3 103 329.97 901.282
717.08 439.078 2095.2 104 330.67 900.81
723.975 439.467 2094.1 105 331.37 900.337
730.87 439.85 2093 106 332.06 899.87
737.765 440.233 2091.9 107 332.75 899.403
744.66 440.617 2090.8 108 333.44 898.935
751.555 440.989 2089.8 109 334.11 898.48
758.45 441.367 2088.7 110 334.79 898.018
765.345 441.739 2087.6 111 335.46 897.562
772.24 442.106 2086.6 112 336.12 897.112
779.135 442.472 2085.5 113 336.78 896.662
786.03 442.833 2084.5 114 337.43 896.218
792.925 443.194 2083.5 115 338.08 895.774
799.82 443.556 2082.4 116 338.73 895.329
806.715 443.911 2081.4 117 339.37 894.89
813.61 444.267 2080.4 118 340.01 894.451
820.505 444.617 2079.4 119 340.64 894.018
827.4 444.967 2078.4 120 341.27 893.585
834.295 445.311 2077.4 121 341.89 893.158
841.19 445.656 2076.4 122 342.51 892.731
848.085 446 2075.4 123 343.13 892.303
854.98 446.339 2074.4 124 343.74 891.882
861.875 446.678 2073.4 125 344.35 891.46
868.77 447.011 2072.5 126 344.95 891.045
875.665 447.344 2071.5 127 345.55 890.629
882.56 447.678 2070.5 128 346.15 890.212
889.455 448.006 2069.6 129 346.74 889.803
896.35 448.333 2068.6 130 347.33 889.392
903.245 448.661 2067.7 131 347.92 888.982
910.14 448.983 2066.7 132 348.5 888.577
917.035 449.306 2065.8 133 349.08 888.173
923.93 449.622 2064.9 134 349.65 887.775
930.825 449.944 2063.9 135 350.23 887.369
937.72 450.256 2063 136 350.79 886.977
944.615 450.572 2062.1 137 351.36 886.578
951.51 450.883 2061.2 138 351.92 886.185
958.405 451.194 2060.3 139 352.48 885.792
965.3 451.506 2059.3 140 353.04 885.398
972.195 451.811 2058.4 141 353.59 885.011
979.09 452.117 2057.5 142 354.14 884.624
985.985 452.422 2056.6 143 354.69 884.236
992.88 452.722 2055.7 144 355.23 883.855
 999.775 453.022 2054.9 145 355.77 883.474
1006.67 453.322 2054 146 356.31 883.092
1013.565 453.617 2053.1 147 356.84 882.717
1020.46 453.917 2052.2 148 357.38 882.334
1027.355 454.211 2051.3 149 357.91 881.958
1034.25 454.5 2050.5 150 358.43 881.589
1048.04 455.083 2048.7 152 359.48 880.842
1061.83 455.656 2047 154 360.51 880.108
1075.62 456.222 2045.3 156 361.53 879.38
1089.41 456.789 2043.6 158 362.55 878.651
1103.2 457.344 2042 160 363.55 877.934
1116.99 457.894 2040.3 162 364.54 877.223
1130.78 458.444 2038.7 164 365.53 876.511
1144.57 458.983 2037 166 366.5 875.812
1158.36 459.522 2035.4 168 367.47 875.111
1172.15 460.05 2033.8 170 368.42 874.424
1185.94 460.578 2032.2 172 369.37 873.735
1199.73 461.1 2030.6 174 370.31 873.053
1213.52 461.617 2029.1 176 371.24 872.376
1227.31 462.128 2027.5 178 372.16 871.706
1241.1 462.639 2025.9 180 373.08 871.034
1254.89 463.139 2024.4 182 373.98 870.376
1268.68 463.639 2022.9 184 374.88 869.716
1282.47 464.133 2021.3 186 375.77 869.063
1296.26 464.622 2019.8 188 376.65 868.416
1310.05 465.111 2018.3 190 377.53 867.768
1323.84 465.594 2016.8 192 378.4 867.126
1337.63 466.072 2015.4 194 379.26 866.49
1351.42 466.55 2013.9 196 380.12 865.853
1365.21 467.017 2012.4 198 380.96 865.23
1379 467.483 2011 200 381.8 864.606
1413.475 468.639 2007.4 205 383.88 863.056
1447.95 469.767 2003.8 210 385.91 861.537
1482.425 470.878 2000.3 215 387.91 860.035
1516.9 471.972 1996.9 220 389.88 858.549
1551.375 473.039 1993.5 225 391.8 857.095
1585.85 474.094 1990.1 230 393.7 855.65
1620.325 475.128 1986.8 235 395.56 854.231
1654.8 476.144 1983.6 240 397.39 852.829
1689.275 477.144 1980.4 245 399.19 851.445
1723.75 478.133 1977.2 250 400.97 850.071
1758.225 479.106 1974 255 402.72 848.715
1792.7 480.061 1970.9 260 404.44 847.378
1827.175 481 1967.8 265 406.13 846.059
1861.65 481.928 1964.8 270 407.8 844.752
1896.125 482.844 1961.8 275 409.45 843.455
1930.6 483.744 1958.8 280 411.07 842.178
1965.075 484.633 1955.9 285 412.67 840.912
1999.55 485.511 1953 290 414.25 839.658
2034.025 486.378 1950.1 295 415.81 838.416
2068.5 487.233 1947.2 300 417.35 837.185
2206.4 490.544 1936 320 423.31 832.384
2344.3 493.7 1925.3 340 428.99 827.752
2482.2 496.711 1914.9 360 434.41 823.278
2620.1 499.6 1904.8 380 439.61 818.936
2758 502.372 1895 400 444.6 814.722
2895.9 505.039 1885.4 420 449.4 810.625
3033.8 507.611 1876.1 440 454.03 806.632
3171.7 510.094 1867.1 460 458.5 802.738
3309.6 512.494 1858.2 480 462.82 798.937
3447.5 514.822 1849.6 500 467.01 795.215
3585.4 517.078 1841.1 520 471.07 791.576
3723.3 519.267 1832.8 540 475.01 788.012
3861.2 521.394 1824.7 560 478.84 784.517
3999.1 523.467 1816.7 580 482.57 781.084
4137 525.483 1808.9 600 486.2 777.715
4274.9 527.45 1801.2 620 489.74 774.402
4412.8 529.367 1793.6 640 493.19 771.148
4550.7 531.244 1786.1 660 496.57 767.936
4688.6 533.072 1778.8 680 499.86 764.785
4826.5 534.861 1771.6 700 503.08 761.677
4964.4 536.611 1764.5 720 506.23 758.616
5102.3 538.328 1757.4 740 509.32 755.591
5240.2 540.006 1750.5 760 512.34 752.613
5378.1 541.65 1743.7 780 515.3 749.675
5516 543.267 1736.9 800 518.21 746.767
5653.9 544.85 1730.2 820 521.06 743.899
5791.8 546.406 1723.6 840 523.86 741.064
5929.7 547.928 1717.1 860 526.6 738.272
6067.6 549.428 1710.7 880 529.3 735.503
6205.5 550.9 1704.3 900 531.95 732.768
6343.4 552.35 1698 920 534.56 730.059
6481.3 553.778 1691.8 940 537.13 727.374
6619.2 555.178 1685.6 960 539.65 724.727
6757.1 556.561 1679.5 980 542.14 722.096
6895 557.917 1673.5 1000 544.58 719.503
7239.75 561.222 1658.6 1050 550.53 713.118
7584.5 564.417 1644.1 1100 556.28 706.863
7929.25 567.494 1629.9 1150 561.82 700.758
8274 570.478 1615.9 1200 567.19 694.764
8618.75 573.361 1602.3 1250 572.38 688.9
8963.5 576.161 1588.9 1300 577.42 683.138
9308.25 578.883 1575.7 1350 582.32 677.471
9653 581.522 1562.8 1400 587.07 671.915
9997.75 584.094 1550.1 1450 591.7 666.441
10342.5 586.594 1537.6 1500 596.2 661.064
11032 591.411 1513.1 1600 604.87 650.546
11721.5 596 1489.3 1700 613.13 640.327
 12411 600.383 1466.2 1800 621.02 630.382
13100.5 604.572 1443.7 1900 628.56 620.709
13790 608.594 1421.7 2000 635.8 611.261
14479.5 612.461 1400.3 2100 642.76 602.03
15169 616.178 1379.3 2200 649.45 593.017
15858.5 619.756 1358.8 2300 655.89 584.21
16548 623.211 1338.7 2400 662.11 575.581
17237.5 626.544 1319.1 2500 668.11 567.141
17927 629.767 1299.9 2600 673.91 558.872
18616.5 632.889 1281 2700 679.53 550.755
19306 635.906 1262.5 2800 684.96 542.815
19995.5 638.828 1244.4 2900 690.22 535.031
20685 641.667 1226.6 3000 695.33 527.379
150 384.515 2238.3 140 353.04 885.398

Ref P T H Ref P T H
21 144.795 383.467 2240.9 140 140 353.04 885.398
22 151.69 384.856 2237.5 141 141 353.59 885.011
 PIPE INTERNAL DIAME

PIPE SIZE OD SCH 5S SCH 10 SCH 10S SCH 20 SCH 30 SCH 40 SCH 40S
5S 10 10S 20 30 40 40S
½" 21.336 18.034 - 17.12 - - 15.799 15.799
¾" 26.67 23.368 - 22.454 - - 20.93 20.93
1" 33.401 30.099 - 27.864 - - 26.645 26.645
1½" 48.26 44.958 - 42.723 - - 40.894 40.894
2" 60.325 57.023 - 54.788 - - 52.501 52.501
2½" 73.025 68.809 - 66.929 - - 62.713 62.713
3" 88.9 84.684 - 82.804 - - 77.927 77.927
3½" 101.6 97.384 - 95.504 - - 90.12 90.12
4" 114.3 110.084 - 108.204 - - 102.26 102.26
6" 168.28 162.742 - 161.472 - - 154.056 154.056
8" 219.08 213.542 - 211.562 206.38 205.008 202.722 202.722
10" 273.05 266.242 - 264.668 260.35 257.454 254.508 254.508
12" 323.85 315.936 314.71 311.15 307.086 303.226 304.8
14" 355.6 347.676 342.9 346.05 339.75 336.55 333.35 -
16" 406.4 398.018 393.7 396.85 390.55 387.35 381 -
18" 457.2 448.818 444.5 447.65 441.35 434.95 428.65 -
20" 508 498.45 495.3 496.93 488.95 482.6 477.824 -
24" 609.6 598.526 596.9 596.9 590.554 581.05 574.654 -
30" 762 748.73 746.158 746.15 736.678 730.25 - -
42" 1066.8 - - - - - -
48" 1219.2 - - - - - -

PIPE WALL THICKNES

PIPE SIZE Radius OD SCH SCH SCH SCH SCH SCH SCH
5S 10 10S 20 30 40 40S
½" 10.668 21.336 1.651 - 2.108 - - 2.769 2.769
¾" 13.335 26.67 1.651 - 2.108 - - 2.87 2.87
1" 16.7005 33.401 1.651 - 2.769 - - 3.378 3.378
1½" 24.13 48.26 1.651 - 2.769 - - 3.683 3.683
2" 30.1625 60.325 1.651 - 2.769 - - 3.912 3.912
2½" 36.5125 73.025 2.108 - 3.048 - - 5.156 5.156
3" 44.45 88.9 2.108 - 3.048 - - 5.487 5.487
3½" 50.8 101.6 2.108 - 3.048 - - 5.74 5.74
4" 57.15 114.3 2.108 - 3.048 - - 6.02 6.02
6" 84.14 168.28 2.769 - 3.404 - - 7.112 7.112
8" 109.54 219.08 2.769 - 3.759 6.35 7.036 8.179 8.179
10" 136.525 273.05 3.404 - 4.191 6.35 7.798 9.271 9.271
12" 161.9 323.8 3.962 - 4.572 6.35 8.382 10.312 9.525
14" 177.8 355.6 3.962 6.35 4.775 7.925 9.525 11.125 -
16" 203.2 406.4 4.191 6.35 4.775 7.925 9.525 12.7 -
18" 228.6 457.2 4.191 6.35 4.775 7.925 11.125 14.275 -
 20" 254.179 508.358 4.775 6.35 5.537 9.525 12.7 15.088 -
24" 304.827 609.654 5.537 6.35 6.35 9.525 14.275 17.475 -
30" 381.289 762.578 6.635 7.925 7.925 12.7 15.875 - -
36" 457.2145 914.429 - 7.925 - 12.7 15.875 19.05 -
42" 533.4 1066.8 - - - - - - -
48" 609.62 1219.24 - - - - - - -

MINIMUM ALLOWABLE PIPE WAL

PIPE SIZE OD SCH SCH SCH SCH SCH SCH SCH

5S 10 10S 20 30 40 40S
½" 21.336 1.3974 - 1.3974 - - 1.3974 1.3974
¾" 26.67 1.461 - 1.461 - - 1.461 1.461
1" 33.401 1.5413 - 1.5413 - - 1.5413 1.5413
1½" 48.26 1.7185 - 1.7185 - - 1.7185 1.7185
2" 60.325 1.8625 - 1.8625 - - 1.8625 1.8625
2½" 73.025 2.014 - 2.014 - - 2.014 2.014
3" 88.902 2.2034 - 2.2034 - - 2.2034 2.2034
3½" 101.6 2.3548 - 2.3548 - - 2.3548 2.3548
4" 114.3 2.5063 - 2.5063 - - 2.5063 2.5063
6" 168.28 3.1502 - 3.1502 - - 3.1502 3.1502
8" 219.08 3.7562 - 3.7562 3.7562 3.7562 3.7562 3.7562
10" 273.05 4.4 - 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4
12" 323.8 5.0054 - 5.0054 5.0054 5.0054 5.0054 5.0054
14" 355.6 5.3847 5.3847 5.3847 5.3847 5.3847 5.3847 -
16" 406.4 5.9907 5.9907 5.9907 5.9907 5.9907 5.9907 -
18" 457.2 6.5967 6.5967 6.5967 6.5967 6.5967 6.5967 -
20" 508.358 7.207 7.207 7.207 7.207 7.207 7.207 -
24" 609.654 8.4153 8.4153 8.4153 8.4153 8.4153 8.4153 -
30" 762.578 10.2395 10.2395 10.2395 10.2395 10.2395 - -
36" 914.429 - 12.0509 - 12.0509 12.0509 12.0509 -
42" 1066.8 - - - - - - -
48" 1219.24 - - - - - - -
PIPE INTERNAL DIAMETER (mm)

STD SCH 60 SCH 80 SCH 80S XS SCH 100 SCH 120 SCH 140 SCH 160 XXS
60 80 80S 100 120 140 160
15.799 - 13.868 13.868 13.868 - - - 11.786 6.401
20.93 - 18.847 18.847 18.847 - - - 15.545 11.024
26.645 - 24.308 24.308 24.308 - - - 20.701 15.215
40.894 - 38.1 38.1 38.1 - - - 33.986 27.94
52.501 - 49.251 49.251 49.251 - - - 42.849 38.177
62.713 - 59.005 59.004 59.005 - - - 53.975 44.983
77.927 - 73.66 73.66 73.66 - - - 66.65 58.42
90.12 - 85.446 85.446 85.446 - - - - -
102.26 - 97.18 97.18 97.18 - 92.05 - 87.326 80.06
154.056 - 146.334 146.33 146.334 - 139.73 - 131.754 124.388
202.722 198.456 193.68 193.68 193.68 188.904 182.554 177.83 173.056 174.63
254.508 247.65 242.874 247.5 247.65 236.524 230.174 222.25 215.9 222.25
304.8 295.3 288.9 298.5 298.45 280.974 273.05 266.7 257.2 273.05
336.55 325.424 317.5 - 330.2 307.95 300.024 292.1 284.176 -
387.35 373.076 363.524 - 381 354.026 344.474 333.35 325.424 -
438.15 419.1 409.55 - 431.8 398.476 387.35 377.85 366.726 -
488.95 466.75 455.626 - 482.6 442.926 431.8 419.1 400.05 -
590.55 560.374 547.674 - 584.2 531.826 517.55 504.85 490.524 -
742.95 - - - 736.6 - - - - -
1047.75 - - - 1041.4 - - - - -
1200.15 - - - 1193.8 - - - - -

PIPE WALL THICKNESS (mm)

STD SCH SCH SCH XS SCH SCH SCH SCH XXS

60 80 80S 100 120 140 160
2.769 - 3.734 3.734 3.734 - - - 4.775 7.468
2.87 - 3.912 3.912 3.912 - - - 5.563 7.823
3.378 - 4.547 4.547 4.547 - - - 6.35 9.093
3.683 - 5.08 5.08 5.08 - - - 7.137 10.16
3.912 - 5.537 5.537 5.537 - - - 8.738 11.074
5.156 - 7.01 7.011 7.01 - - - 9.525 14.021
5.487 - 7.62 7.62 7.62 - - - 11.125 15.24
5.74 - 8.077 8.077 8.077 - - - - -
6.02 - 8.56 8.56 8.56 - 11.125 - 13.487 17.12
7.112 - 10.973 10.975 10.973 - 14.275 - 18.263 21.946
8.179 10.312 12.7 12.7 12.7 15.088 18.263 20.625 23.012 22.225
9.271 12.7 15.088 12.775 12.7 18.263 21.438 25.4 28.575 25.4
9.525 14.275 17.475 12.675 12.7 21.438 25.4 28.575 33.325 25.4
9.525 15.088 19.05 - 12.7 23.825 27.788 31.75 35.712 -
9.525 16.662 21.438 - 12.7 26.187 30.963 36.525 40.488 -
9.525 19.05 23.825 - 12.7 29.362 34.925 39.675 45.237 -
 9.525 20.625 26.187 - 12.7 32.537 38.1 44.45 53.975 -
9.525 24.613 30.963 - 12.7 38.887 46.025 52.375 59.538 -
9.525 - - - 12.7 - - - - -
9.525 - - - 12.7 - - - - -
9.525 - - - 12.7 - - - - -
9.525 - - - 12.7 - - - - -

ALLOWABLE PIPE WALL THICKNESS (mm)

STD SCH SCH SCH XS SCH SCH SCH SCH XXS

60 80 80S 100 120 140 160
1.3974 - 1.3974 1.3974 1.3974 - - - 1.3974 1.3974
1.461 - 1.461 1.461 1.461 - - - 1.461 1.461
1.5413 - 1.5413 1.5413 1.5413 - - - 1.5413 1.5413
1.7185 - 1.7185 1.7185 1.7185 - - - 1.7185 1.7185
1.8625 - 1.8625 1.8625 1.8625 - - - 1.8625 1.8625
2.014 - 2.014 2.014 2.014 - - - 2.014 2.014
2.2034 - 2.2034 2.2034 2.2034 - - - 2.2034 2.2034
2.3548 - 2.3548 2.3548 2.3548 - - - - -
2.5063 - 2.5063 2.5063 2.5063 - 2.5063 - 2.5063 2.5063
3.1502 - 3.1502 3.1502 3.1502 - 3.1502 - 3.1502 3.1502
3.7562 3.7562 3.7562 3.7562 3.7562 3.7562 3.7562 3.7562 3.7562 3.7562
4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4
5.0054 5.0054 5.0054 5.0054 5.0054 5.0054 5.0054 5.0054 5.0054 5.0054
5.3847 5.3847 5.3847 - 5.3847 5.3847 5.3847 5.3847 5.3847 -
5.9907 5.9907 5.9907 - 5.9907 5.9907 5.9907 5.9907 5.9907 -
6.5967 6.5967 6.5967 - 6.5967 6.5967 6.5967 6.5967 6.5967 -
7.207 7.207 7.207 - 7.207 7.207 7.207 7.207 7.207 -
8.4153 8.4153 8.4153 - 8.4153 - 8.4153 8.4153 8.4153 -
10.2395 - - - 10.2395 - - - - -
12.0509 - - - 12.0509 - - - - -
13.8685 - - - 13.8685 - - - - -
15.6869 - - - 15.6869 - - - - -
Author: J.A.B. de Lange (in collaboration with C. Haslego)