School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences

3rd Quarter S.Y. 2022-2023

Paper No 1.2

Heat Capacity of Calorimeter &

Enthalpy of Neutralization

Submitted by:

4
Group No. ____________

Group Members:
FABELLON, ANDRES RAIAN (VILLEGAS)
FRANCISCO, PAUL IVAN (ADRIANO)
HONG, KERWIN (ANG)

Submitted to:

Edna J. Calderon
Instructor

Subject and Section

 School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences
3rd Quarter S.Y. 2022-2023

INTRODUCTION

The heat capacity of a calorimeter is an essential metric in thermodynamics because it

allows for reliable measurements of heat transport and energy changes in systems. In this paper,
we provide the findings of an experimental study to measure the heat capacity of a calorimeter.
The heat capacity of the calorimeter was determined by measuring the temperature change that
happened when a known quantity of hot water was added to a known quantity of cold water in the
calorimeter. The results acquired from the experiment were analyzed using standard
thermodynamic equations to determine the calorimeter's heat capacity. The experiment results
provide essential insights into the calorimeter's efficiency and demonstrate the accuracy and
reliability of the experimental method used to calculate its heat capacity.

Understanding the enthalpy of neutralization is essential for comprehending chemical

processes and their thermodynamic aspects. It has many applications and can provide valuable
insights into the behavior of acids and bases in chemical processes. When an acid and a base
react, they produce a neutral solution, usually water and salt. Depending on the type of acid and
base involved in the reaction, a certain amount of heat energy is absorbed or released during this
reaction. The enthalpy of neutralization is the amount of heat absorbed or released during the
response and is a measure of the energy shift that occurs during the reaction. The enthalpy of
neutralization can be used to evaluate the strength of acids and bases, predict the heat of
reactions, and even assess the possible environmental impact of a process.

In the first part, we determined the objective of the experiment, which is to determine the
calorimeter constant using the built-in coffee-cup calorimeter, provided temperature data, and a
formula. The formula for the calorimeter constant is:

𝒒𝒉𝒐𝒕 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 = 𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒕 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 ⋅ 𝒄𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 ⋅ 𝚫𝑻

In the second part, which involved calculating the enthalpy of neutralization using the
concentration, temperature, and volume of the chemicals utilized in the experiment. The formula
for computing the enthalpy of neutralization is also provided below:

𝒒𝒓𝒙𝒏
𝚫𝑯𝒏𝒆𝒖𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒍𝒊𝒛𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 =
𝒎𝒐𝒍 𝒐𝒇 𝑶𝑯−
 School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences
3rd Quarter S.Y. 2022-2023

METHODOLOGY
Experiment 1.2A: Heat Capacity of Calorimeter
Materials:
• Hot water
• Cold water
• Styrofoam cups
• Cork lid
• Graduated cylinder
• Calorimeter
• Thermometer
• Hot plate
• Stir plate
• Stir bars
• Beaker
• Wash/Waste bin

Using the materials listed above, we conducted an online laboratory experiment titled Heat
Capacity of Calorimeter. The heat plate was turned on to begin the experiment and heat the water-
filled beaker. After heating the water, we measured the hot water in the beaker and the cold water
in the ice bath. After that, we made two Styrofoam cups and utilized them to build the calorimeter.
The stir bar was then attached and finished by adding a cork cover. Finally, we inserted a
thermometer at the top of the calorimeter. The hot and cold water were added to the graduated
cylinder for measurement before being transported to the calorimeter. After swiftly turning on the
stir plate after transferring both waters, we measured the water's final temperature. After the
experiment we then measured the mass of water in grams and calculated the calorimeter constant
and recorded it with 2 significant numbers.

Experiment 1.2B: Enthalpy of Neutralization

Materials:
• Hydroiodic acid
• Lithium hydroxide
 School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences
3rd Quarter S.Y. 2022-2023

• Graduated cylinder
• Styrofoam cups
• Thermometer
• Stirring bars
• Wash/Waste bin
• Stir plate

For the second experiment, we used the same materials, but instead of water, we used
hydroiodic acid and lithium hydroxide. For the calorimeter, we used the same procedure in
building it. Then approximately 100 mL of hydroiodic acid was poured into the graduated cylinder
and was transferred to the calorimeter to measure its temperature. After preparing the hydroiodic
acid, we prepared the lithium hydroxide by pouring approximately 100 mL into the graduated
cylinder and measured the temperature using a second thermometer. After preparing both
chemicals, we turned on the stir plate and quickly added the lithium hydroxide in the calorimeter.
The final temperature was then measured after letting the substance interact with each other and
ensuring the highest possible temperature to be measured as the final temperature.
After the experiment, we then calculated the mass of the solution. We also calculated the
moles of both the hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion of the solution. While calculating the moles of
the two elements the limiting reactant was also identified. With everything was ready the
ΔHneutralization was calculated using the given formula.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Experiment 1.2 A Heat Capacity of Calorimeter

Temperature of cold water (°C) 3.0

Temperature of hot water (°C) 89.0

Volume of cold water (mL) 95.0

Volume of hot water (mL) 85.5

Final temperature after mixing (°C) 43.0

 School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences
3rd Quarter S.Y. 2022-2023

Mass of cold water (g) 95.0

Mass of hot water (g) 85.5

Calorimeter constant (J/°C) 14

The information acquired during this experiment phase is presented in this section.
Specifically, the initial and final measurements of the laboratory experiment as well as the
statistical information, including the cold and hot water’s initial temperatures, volumes, and
masses, along with the calorimeter constant.
Table 1 presents the initial values of the temperature of cold and hot water, which are
3.0°C and 89.0°C, respectively. The volume used for the cold water is 95.0 mL and 85.5 mL of
hot water. After mixing, the final temperature was recorded at 43.0 °C when both liquids were
poured into the calorimeter simultaneously. After calculating the mass of cold and hot water into
grams, the calorimeter constant was calculated to be 14 J/°C.

Experiment 1.2B Enthalpy of Neutralization

Table 2.1 Initial Measurements

Concentration of hydroiodic acid (M) 2.05

Concentration of lithium hydroxide (M) 2.11

Calorimeter constant (J/°C) 14.3

Volume of hydroiodic acid (mL) 97.5

Temperature of hydroiodic acid (°C) 24.0

Volume of lithium hydroxide (mL) 91.0

Temperature of lithium hydroxide (°C) 24.0

 School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences
3rd Quarter S.Y. 2022-2023

Table 2.2 Final Measurements

Final temperature after mixing (°C) 37.7

Mass of mixed solution (g) 188.5

Moles of H (mol) 0.200

Moles of OH (mol) 0.192

Limiting Reactant OH

ΔHneutralization (kJ/mol) -57.3

The information gathered for the second part of the experiment is presented in this section
and primarily includes the concentrations of the acid and base solutions, the calorimeter constant,
the volumes and initial temperatures of acid and base, the final temperature of the mixed solution,
the moles of the acid cation and the base anion, the limiting reactant, and the enthalpy of
neutralization.
Table 2.1 displays the first data collected before computing the reaction’s enthalpy. As
shown, the molarity of Hydroiodic Acid is 2.05 mol/L, while the molarity of the Lithium Hydroxide
is 2.11 mol/L. Using the graduated cylinder, the volume and temperature of the reactants were
also measured. A temperature of 24.0 °C was observed for 97.5 mL of H+. In addition, a 24.0 °C
OH- with a volume of 91.0 mL was recorded.
Table 2.2 presents final measurements of the data gathered. Henceforth, before starting
the actual enthalpy experiment, the mass of the solutions was combined, resulting in a total weight
of 188.5 g and a final temperature of 37.7 °C. Then, the moles of the reactants were measured,
allowing the limiting reactant of the solution to be identified. After a thorough investigation, the
enthalpy of the reaction was determined utilizing all of the collected laboratory data.

CONCLUSION
In the first experiment, the hot and cold water were mixed to determine the calorimeter
constant or the amount of heat absorbed by the calorimeter per degree Celsius. The virtual lab
used mL to measure the volume of the water and grams for its mass, and as for the temperature
 School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences
3rd Quarter S.Y. 2022-2023

it used Celsius (°C) for its measurements. The experiment started by measuring the volume and
temperature of both hot and cold water. The experiment then proceeded by mixing the two waters
together. The final temperature was then obtained after the two-water mixed. The findings were
then used as data to calculate the mass of the two water and the calorimeter constant. The data
obtained and calculations showed us that the calorimeter constant or the amount of heat absorbed
by the calorimeter per degree Celsius change in temperature, was 14 J/°C.
As for the second experiment, the experiment was done with hydroiodic acid and lithium
hydroxide as a base to find out whether the heat was absorbed or released by the solution. The
experiment done in Virtual Lab started by carefully measuring the specific volume of the
hydroiodic acid and lithium hydroxide that was at room temperature. The two chemicals were then
mixed and observed for its final temperature and final mass. After observing the mixed solutions,
the data obtained was used to calculate how many moles of H and OH were used for the
experiment. After finding the limiting reactant (OH), the enthalpy of neutralization was calculated
using the moles of the limiting reactant and the heat released by the reaction. After the calculation
we discovered that the heat was being released by the reaction and the Neutralization reactions
were always exothermic.

REFERENCES
Chiang, K. H., Yang, C. C., Chang, Y. H., & Liu, T. Y. (2019). Measuring heat capacity using a
calorimeter. Journal of Chemical Education.|
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.jchemed.8b00502

Felder, R. M., Rousseau, R. W., Bullard, L. G., & Stice, J. E. (2017). Elementary principles of
chemical processes (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
https://www.wiley.com/enus/Elementary+Principles+of+Chemical+Processes%2C+4th+Edition-
p-9780470616291

TURNITIN RESULT