중앙고1 ❚ 교과서 3과 본문 시험

Tuning Out: The Science of Noise-Cancellation

Which is the better environment for studying: a noisy place or a quiet place?

↱ = (3개 이상) bear, endure, stand, tolerate

↱ 심한 소음을 참으려는 사람은 거의 없다.
Rarely do people want to put up with a lot of noise because it can be unpleasant and distracting.

(연) Fortunately , scientists have [invented / been invented] noise-cancelling technology, [which / where] is now
being used (use) across various fields to [compliment / reduce] unwanted noise.

What is the scientific principle behind this achievement?

To understand this, let’s examine how sound travels .

↳ 어떻게 소리가 이동하는지

The Principle of Sound Waves and Interference

Sound [produces / is produced] through vibrations that [occur / occurs] from a sound source, when the strings of a
guitar are played (play), for instance.

The vibrations of the sound source [cause / causes] the air [vibrate / to vibrate / vibrating] and the sound [travels / to
travel / traveling] as waves, [similar / similarly / different / differently] to the ripples [creating / created] in a lake when
you throw a stone.

When these sound waves [reach / reach to] our ears, the brain [interprets / is interpreted] [it / them] as sound.

Just as different ripples in water might [overlap / separate] [if / whether] you throw two stones, sound waves can also
[aid / interfere] with each other when they [compete / meet].

There are two types of interference: constructive and destructive.

Constructive interference [occur / occurs] when the peaks of two waves overlap , resulting in (result)
a [bigger / smaller] wave and a [louder / quieter] sound.

Destructive interference, (연) on the other hand , [occur / occurs] when a peak of one wave [overlap / overlaps]
with a [peak / valley] of another wave, so they cancel each other out and [produce / are produced]
a [louder / quieter] sound, or no sound at all. ↳ (2개) = offset, counsterbalance
 중앙고1 ❚ 교과서 3과 본문 시험

The Science Behind Noise-Cancelling Headphones

Destructive interference [uses / is used] in the noise-cancelling feature of headphones when we listen to music.

[Inside / Outside] the headphones [is / are] microphones and noise-cancelling circuitry.

The microphones pick up sounds from the [inside / outside], and the circuitry [analyzes / assembles] [it / them] to

produce (produce) [same / opposite] sound waves.

(연) For example , if [inside / outside] noise has a value of +1, the circuitry will generate an opposite noise of -1
and [transmit / transmits] it to the speakers.

This cancels out the unwanted sound even in noisy surroundings, so you can hear the music sound clearly [with /
without] turning up the volume.

(연) However , it is not easy to entirely eliminate external noise with this technology.

↱ (2개 이상) = transform, change, turn

To achieve [full / partial] noise cancellation, the circuitry must convert the noise into digital data and [instantly
/ regularly] transmit the [noisy / opposite] sound to the speakers as soon as the noise [reaches / reaches to] the
microphones.
↱ (2개) = foreseeable, expected
(연) Therefore , this noise-cancellation technology is effective for predictable sounds like [that / those] of
car engines and subways that [occur / occurs] [regularly / irregularly] or over a period of time.

(연) However , it’s relatively [less / more] effective for inconsistent sounds such as [that / those] of
people [talk / talking / to talk / talked] close to you. ↳ (2개) = changeable, variable
 중앙고1 ❚ 교과서 3과 본문 시험

Exploring the Technology and Its Applications

Noise-cancelling technology is not only used in music devices.

Other fields also take advantage of this technology, such as ticket offices at tourist attractions [that/what/which] [is / are]
often very noisy.

Microphones [install / are installed] in ticket offices to detect external noise, and an opposite sound wave is
generated (generate) and [transmits / transmitted] through a speaker, enabling the ticket agent to hear the
customer’s voice clearly .
↳ 매표소 직원이 고객의 목소리를 명확하게 들을 수 있게 해준다.

Another area [that/what/which/whose/where/in which] this technology is used (use) is (be) drive-through
fast-food restaurants and coffee shops.

They use noise-cancelling headsets to improve communication between employees and customers by eliminating
vehicle noise.

These noise-cancelling headsets help drive-through employees [take / taking / to take / taken] orders [accurately / vaguely].

The [same / similar] technology is also used for cars, [that/what/which/whose/where/in which] audio systems generate
waves to cancel out unpleasant sounds such as engine, wind, and road noise.

Thanks to noise-cancelling devices, it is [possible / impossible] for drivers to focus on driving [with / without] being
disturbed (disturb) by [distracting / distracted] noises.

As technology [advances / halts / hinders], many people expect it will solve various social issues [cause / causing / caused]
by noise pollution.

A common source of these problems [is / are] noisy neighbors, as the noise ( that/which ) they make can lead to
[agreement / conflict] among residents.

Noise-cancellation technology can help address these problems by reducing unwanted disturbances, [allow /
allowing / allowed] people [lead / leading / to lead] more peaceful and healthier lives.