MHF4UI Unit 2: Day 5

Date:______________ 2.5 Graphing Factored Polynomial Functions

Linear Functions: are first degree functions of the form y ax b or f ( x) ax b .

y y

i) ii)

1 1
x x
1 1

y 2x f ( x) x 3

observations: i) x-int: ii) x-int:

y-int: y-int:

slope: slope:

Quadratic Functions: are second degree functions of the form y ax 2 bx c

or f ( x) ax 2 bx c .

i) y ii) y

2 1
x x
1 1

y ( x 2)( x 3) f ( x) ( x 1) 2

observations: i) x-int(s): ii) x-int(s):

y-int: y-int:

vertex: vertex:
Cubic Functions: are third degree functions of the form y ax 3 bx 2 cx d
or f ( x) ax 3 bx 2 cx d .

Ex. 1. Graph the following cubic functions accurately. Find all x-intercepts (zeros) and identify them
as single, double or triple roots. y

a) f ( x) x3
x f (x)
-2

-1 2
x
0 1

1
b) y ( x 3)( x 1)( x 1) y
2 x y
-4
-3
-2
2
-1 x
1
0
1
2

c) f ( x) x 2 ( x 3)
y

x f (x)
-4

-3
4
-2 x
1
-1

1
Ex. 2. Sketch the following cubic functions by finding all x-intercepts (zeros) and identifying them as
single, double or triple roots.
a) f ( x) ( x 2)( x 1)( x 4) b) y (2 x 5) 3

y y

x x

c) f ( x) ( x 2)( x 1) 2

Quartic Functions: are fourth degree functions of the form y ax 4 bx 3 cx 2 dx e .

Ex. 3. Graph f ( x) x 4 accurately by using a table of values. y

x y 16
-2
-3/2 12
-1
-1/2
8
0
1/2
1 4

3/2
2 x
-2 -1 1 2
Ex. 4. Sketch the following quartic functions.
1 2
a) f ( x) (2 x)( x 2)( x 4)( x 4) b) y x ( x 2) 2
2

y y

x x

c) f ( x) (2 x 1)( x 3) 3
y

Ex. 5. Sketch the quintic function y x( x 4) 3 (2 x 5) .

HW. 1. Complete the “Summary of Graphs of Polynomial Functions” lesson in your bound notes
by following Ex. 2, 3, 4 & 5 from the note done in class.
2. Complete Exercise 2.5
MHF4UI Unit 2: Day 5
Date:______________ 2.5 Summary of Graphs of Polynomial Functions

I Odd Degree Functions (Linear, Cubic, Quintic)

1. y ( x 2)( x 1)( x 3) 2. y ( x 1)( x 2) 2

y y

x x

*** As x , y ______ and as x ,y ______

Positive odd degree functions have equations (standard form) with positive odd degree leading terms
and graphs that begin with y increasing concave down & end with y increasing concave up.
Note: Concave up/down does not apply to linear functions.

Compare end behaviour to the simplest positive odd degree function: y x

3. y 2(1 x)( x 1)( x 4) 4. y x 2 ( x 2) 3

y y

x x

*** As x , y ______ and as x ,y ______

Negative odd degree functions have equations with negative odd degree leading terms
and graphs that begin with y decreasing concave up & end with y decreasing concave down.
Note: Concave up/down does not apply to linear functions.

Compare end behaviour to the simplest negative odd degree function: y x

II Even Degree Functions (Quadratic, Quartic)

5. y ( x 1)( x 2) 6. y ( x 2)( x 3)( x 1)( x 4)

y y

x x

*** As x , y ______ and as x ,y ______

Positive even degree functions have equations with positive even degree leading terms
and graphs that begin with y decreasing concave up & end with y increasing concave up.

Compare end behaviour to the simplest positive even degree function: y x2

7. y x 2 ( x 3) 2

*** As x , y ______ and as x ,y ______

Negative even degree functions have equations with negative even degree leading terms
and graphs that begin with y increasing concave down & end with y decreasing concave down.

Compare end behaviour to the simplest negative even degree function: y x2

Type of Function & End Behaviour of f(x) End Behaviour of f(x)

Comparison Function as x as x
positive odd degree: y x f (x) f (x)
negative odd degree: y x f (x) f (x)
positive even degree: y x2 f (x) f (x)
negative even degree: y x2 f (x) f (x)
MHF4UI Unit 2: Day 6
Date:______________ 2.6 Graphing Expanded Polynomial Functions

1. Draw a sketch of the following functions, clearly labeling all x-intercepts.

a) y 6x 2 4 x 16 b) f ( x) x3 x2 9x 9

y y

x x

c) y x4 9x 2 d) f ( x) 16 x 5 48x 4 36 x 3

y y

x x
e) g ( x) x3 9x 2 27 x 27

f) y 2x 3 7x 2 2x 3

x
Ex. 2. Use the graph of each polynomial function to:
i) identify the polynomial as quadratic, cubic, quartic or quintic
ii) state the sign of the leading coefficient of its function
iii) state the number & nature of roots to the corresponding equation used to determine the zeros
iv) determine the number of turning points
v) describe the end behavior
a) b)

c) d)

(-1,1.5)

HW. Exercise 2.6

MHF4UI Unit 2: Day 7
Date:______________ 2.7 Determining the Equations of Polynomial Functions

Ex. 1. a) Determine an equation for the family of cubic

functions whose x-intercepts are 2, 1 and 3.

b) Determine an equation for the particular

member of this family, in factored form,
whose y-intercept is 9.

1 3 1 3
Ex. 2. Determine the equation of the quartic function, in standard form, with zeros ,
2 2
and 0 (order 2) passing through the point ( 1, 18) .

Ex. 3. Determine the equation of each polynomial function in factored form, from its graph.

a) b)

c) Ex. 2. d) from Unit 2: Day 6

Ex. 4. The points (1,1), (2, 3), (3,5), (4,37), (5,105) and (6,221) lie on the graph of a function.
Determine the equation of the polynomial function.

Solution:
Determine if the polynomial function f (x) is linear, quadratic, cubic, quartic, or quintic
by calculating the first differences, second differences, third differences, and so on.

2 3
x f (x) f (x) f ( x) f ( x)

1 1
2 -3
3 5
4 37
5 105
6 221

HW. Exercise 2.7

HW. for Unit 2 Part I Test: Unit 2 Review of 2.1-2.7