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Chapter 1 GPT

Chapter 1 discusses the seven characteristics of living things, including movement, respiration, and reproduction, and introduces the classification of living organisms into five kingdoms: Animal, Plant, Fungus, Protoctist, and Prokaryote. It explains the binomial naming system for species and key terms related to classification. Additionally, it provides specific details about the Animal and Plant kingdoms, as well as an overview of vertebrates and fish.

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Chapter 1 GPT

Chapter 1 discusses the seven characteristics of living things, including movement, respiration, and reproduction, and introduces the classification of living organisms into five kingdoms: Animal, Plant, Fungus, Protoctist, and Prokaryote. It explains the binomial naming system for species and key terms related to classification. Additionally, it provides specific details about the Animal and Plant kingdoms, as well as an overview of vertebrates and fish.

Uploaded by

Brownie Crumbs
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter 1: Living Things and How We Classify Them

Seven Characteristics of Living Things:


1. Movement – All living things can move. Animals move their whole bodies, and
even plants move slowly.
2. Respiration – Living things break down food (like sugar) inside their cells to get
energy.
3. Sensitivity – They notice changes in their surroundings and respond to them.
4. Growth – Living things grow by making more cells.
5. Reproduction – They can make new living things like themselves.
6. Excretion – They get rid of waste products made in their bodies.
7. Nutrition – They take in food or nutrients for energy and building new cells.

Classification: Grouping Living Things


Classification means putting living things into groups based on shared features.

The Binomial Naming System:


Every living thing has a scientific name made of two parts: its genus and species.
Example: Homo sapiens (humans)

Key Terms:
- Species – A group of similar organisms that can have babies (offspring) who can
also reproduce.
- Fertile – Can have babies.
- Infertile – Cannot have babies.
- Genus – A group of related species.
- Dichotomous Key – A tool to identify living things by answering pairs of
questions.
The 5 Kingdoms:
• Animal Kingdom
• Plant Kingdom
• Protoctist Kingdom
• Prokaryote Kingdom

Animal Kingdom:
They have nuclei but don’t have cells or chloroplasts
They feed on one another
Kingdoms are major groups into which organisms are classified

Plant Kingdom:
They have nuclei and cell walls made out of cellulose
They feed on photosynthesis
They may have roots, stems and leaves

Fungus Kingdom:
They are made of multicellular organisms but some a unicellular (yeast)
No nuclei or cell walls
No chlorophyll
They feed by digesting waste organic material and absorbing it
Fungi have microscopic threads called hyphae
Many fungi are decomposers that break down material from other organisms and
dead organisms
Fungi reproduce by forming spores

Protoctist Kingdom:
Both Uni and Multi cellular
Have a nucleus, may or may not have a cell wall or chloroplast
Some feed on photosynthesis and others on organic waste
Include cells that are plant like, having cellulose cell walls and chloroplast while
others are animal like without cells walls or chloroplasts

Prokaryote Kingdom:
Usually unicellular
No nucleus
Have cell walls but not made out of cellulose
They have no mitochondria
Have cellular loop of DNA which is free in cytoplasm
Often have plasmids
Bacteria comes under this kingdom, these have no nucleus
Some bacteria can photosynthesize

Vertebrates:
Are animals that have backbones e.g: Fish, reptiles, mammals

Fish:
Fish (pic below) all live in water, apart from a few species such as mudskippers
that are able to come onto land for short periods of time

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