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Water and Ice
Water and Ice
Noah Berlatsky

Michael E. Mann
Consulting Editor
Christine Nasso, Publisher
Elizabeth Des Chenes, Managing For product information and technology assistance,
Editor contact us at
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ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
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taping, Web distribution, information Berlatsky, Noah.
networks, or information storage Water and ice / Noah Berlatsky.
retrieval systems, except as permitted p. cm. -- (Confronting global warming)
under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 Includes bibliographical references and index.
United States Copyright Act, without ISBN 978-0-7377-4861-1 (hardcover)
the prior written permission of the 1. Sea level. 2. Ice. 3. Glaciers. 4. Global warming. I.
publisher. Title.
GC89.W38 2010
551.45'8--dc22 2010011348

Printed in the United States of America

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 14 13 12 11 10
Contents
Preface 1
Foreword 3

Chapter 1: Water and Climate:

An Introduction 10
The Hydrologic Cycle 10
Table: Location and Form of Water on Earth 12
The Ocean Affects Climate 13
Water, Climate, and People 14
Sidebar: Global Warming May Affect Monsoons 16
Notes 17

Chapter 2: Water, Ice, and Global

Warming 19
The Ocean Absorbs Heat 19
The Ocean Absorbs Carbon 20
Sidebar: Fight Global Warming by Putting Crop
Residue in the Sea 21
Water, Climate, and Feedback Loops 22
The Impact of Water Vapor Feedback 23
The Ice Albedo Feedback Loop 24
Graph: Arctic Sea Ice Extent 25
Other Feedback Effects 26
Notes 28

Chapter 3: Rising Sea Levels 30

Causes 30
Heated Water Takes Up More Space 30
Melting Glaciers May Raise Sea Levels 32
Sidebar: Polar Bears and Glacial Melt 33
The Melting of Mountain Ice 34
Water and Ice

The Melting of Giant Ice Sheets 35

Graph: Contributors to Rising Sea Levels, 1993–2003 36
Notes 39
Debates 40
The North Atlantic Current 40
Sidebar: Climate Disaster in Popular Culture 42
How Much Will Sea Levels Rise? 43
Table: Rise in Sea Levels on the Atlantic Coast 47
Notes 48
Effects 48
U.S. Coastlines 49
Table: California Population Vulnerable to a 100-Year
Flood Along the Pacific Coast, by County 50
Sidebar: The Wetland Feedback Loop 51
Global Coastlines 53
Islands 54
Mitigating the Damage 56
Notes 57

Chapter 4: Rainfall, Hurricanes,

and Drought 59
Increased Rainfall 59
Sidebar: Record Snowfall of 2010 Does Not
Contradict Global Warming 61
Benefits of Increased Rainfall 62
Hurricanes and Extreme Weather Events 62
Hotter, Drier Climates 67
Map: Projected Changes in Precipitation from 1980–
99 to 2090–99 68
Sidebar: Global Warming May Have Contributed to
Slaughter in Darfur 69
Notes 72
 Contents

Chapter 5: Water Supply 74

Rivers and Water Supply 74
Lakes and Water Supply 75
Sidebar: Lake Chad Disappears 77
Melting Snow and Water Supply 78
Table: Predicted Change in Discharge of Selected
River Mouths Due to Climate and Water Use
Changes 80
Groundwater and Water Supply 81
Water for Crops 82
Notes 85

Chapter 6: Water and Energy 87

Hydropower 87
Tidal Power 88
Wave Power 90
Hydroelectric Power: Pros and Cons 91
Graph: United States Electrical Production in 2007
by Source of Energy 92
Hydroelectric Power and Greenhouse Gases 94
Sidebar: The Vakhsh River and Climate Change 95
Notes 97

Chapter 7: Conclusion 99
Water Affects Climate 99
Sea Levels, Rain, and Drought 101
Energy from Water 102
The Future of Water and Climate 103

Glossary 104
For Further Research 107
Index 112
About the Author 120
Preface

“The warnings about global warming

have been extremely clear for a long
time. We are facing a global climate
crisis. It is deepening. We are entering
a period of consequences.”
—Al Gore

S till hotly debated by some, human-induced global warming

is now accepted in the scientific community. Earth’s average
yearly temperature is getting steadily warmer; sea levels are rising
due to melting ice caps; and the resulting impact on ocean life,
wildlife, and human life is already evident. The human-induced
buildup of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere poses serious and
diverse threats to life on earth. As scientists work to develop ac-
curate models to predict the future impact of global warming,
researchers, policy makers, and industry leaders are coming to
terms with what can be done today to halt and reverse the human
contributions to global climate change.
Each volume in the Confronting Global Warming series ex-
amines the current and impending challenges the planet faces
because of global warming. Several titles focus on a particular
aspect of life—such as weather, farming, health, or nature and
wildlife—that has been altered by climate change. Consulting the
works of leading experts in the field, Confronting Global Warm-
ing authors present the current status of those aspects as they
have been affected by global warming, highlight key future chal-
lenges, examine potential solutions for dealing with the results
of climate change, and address the pros and cons of imminent
changes and challenges. Other volumes in the series—such as
those dedicated to the role of government, the role of industry,
and the role of the individual—address the impact various fac-

1
Water and Ice

ets of society can have on climate change. The result is a series

that provides students and general-interest readers with a solid
understanding of the worldwide ramifications of climate change
and what can be done to help humanity adapt to changing condi-
tions and mitigate damage.
Each volume includes:
• A descriptive table of contents listing subtopics, charts,
graphs, maps, and sidebars included in each chapter
• Full color charts, graphs, and maps to illustrate key points,
concepts, and theories
• Full-color photos that enhance textual material
• Sidebars that provide explanations of technical concepts or
statistical information, present case studies to illustrate the
international impact of global warming, or offer excerpts
from primary and secondary documents
• Pulled quotes containing key points and statistical figures
• A glossary providing users with definitions of important
terms
• An annotated bibliography of additional books, periodi-
cals, and Web sites for further research
• A detailed subject index to allow users to quickly find the
information they need
The Confronting Global Warming series provides students
and general-interest readers with the information they need to
understand the complex issue of climate change. Titles in the se-
ries offer users a well-rounded view of global warming, presented
in an engaging format. Confronting Global Warming not only
provides context for how society has dealt with climate change
thus far but also encapsulates debates about how it will confront
issues related to climate in the future.

2
 

Foreword

E arth’s climate is a complex system of interacting natural

components. These components include the atmosphere, the
ocean, and the continental ice sheets. Living things on earth—or,
the biosphere—also constitute an important component of the
climate system.

Natural Factors Cause Some

of Earth’s Warming and Cooling
Numerous factors influence Earth’s climate system, some of them
natural. For example, the slow drift of continents that takes place
over millions of years, a process known as plate tectonics, influ-
ences the composition of the atmosphere through its impact on
volcanic activity and surface erosion. Another significant factor
involves naturally occurring gases in the atmosphere, known as
greenhouse gases, which have a warming influence on Earth’s
surface. Scientists have known about this warming effect for
nearly two centuries: These gases absorb outgoing heat energy
and direct it back toward the surface. In the absence of this natu-
ral greenhouse effect, Earth would be a frozen, and most likely
lifeless, planet.
Another natural factor affecting Earth’s climate—this one
measured on timescales of several millennia—involves cyclical
variations in the geometry of Earth’s orbit around the sun. These
variations alter the distribution of solar radiation over the sur-
face of Earth and are responsible for the coming and going of the
ice ages every 100,000 years or so. In addition, small variations
in the brightness of the sun drive minor changes in Earth’s sur-
face temperature over decades and centuries. Explosive volcanic
activity, such as the Mount Pinatubo eruption in the Philippines
in 1991, also affects Earth’s climate. These eruptions inject highly
reflective particles called aerosol into the upper part of the atmo-
sphere, known as the stratosphere, where they can reside for a

3
Water and Ice

year or longer. These particles reflect some of the incoming sun-

light back into space and cool Earth’s surface for years at a time.

Human Progress Puts Pressure

on Natural Climate Patterns
Since the dawn of the industrial revolution some two centuries
ago, however, humans have become the principal drivers of cli-
mate change. The burning of fossil fuels—such as oil, coal, and
natural gas—has led to an increase in atmospheric levels of car-
bon dioxide, a powerful greenhouse gas. And farming practices
have led to increased atmospheric levels of methane, another po-
tent greenhouse gas. If humanity continues such activities at the
current rate through the end of this century, the concentrations
of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere will be higher than they
have been for tens of millions of years. It is the unprecedented
rate at which we are amplifying the greenhouse effect, warming
Earth’s surface, and modifying our climate that causes scientists
so much concern.

The Role of Scientists in Climate

­Observation and Projection
Scientists study Earth’s climate not just from observation but also
from a theoretical perspective. Modern-day climate models suc-
cessfully reproduce the key features of Earth’s climate, includ-
ing the variations in wind patterns around the globe, the major
ocean current systems such as the Gulf Stream, and the seasonal
changes in temperature and rainfall associated with Earth’s an-
nual revolution around the sun. The models also reproduce some
of the more complex natural oscillations of the climate system.
Just as the atmosphere displays random day-to-day variability
that we term “weather,” the climate system produces its own ran-
dom variations, on timescales of years. One important example
is the phenomenon called El Niño, a periodic warming of the
eastern tropical Pacific Ocean surface that influences seasonal
patterns of temperature and rainfall around the globe. The abil-

4
Other documents randomly have
different content
the flour slid off to the ground. And Brave Horatius and I went to
prayers in the cathedral, and so went Thomas Chatterton Jupiter
Zeus and Menander Euripides Theocritus Thucydides. And Mathilde
Plantagenet did wait waits at the pasture-bars.
 CHAPTER XXXVI

Of Taking-Egg Day, and the Remarkable Things that Befell

thereon.

To-day was taking-egg day. Taking-egg day comes mostly one time
a week. It is the day the mamma does send me straight to take eggs
to the folks here about and yonder. First she does send me to take
them yonder, before she does send me to take them hereabout. This
she does because she knows if she sends me first to take them to
the folks that live hereabout, I do stay so long with the folks that live
in the nursery and hospital that there is n’t time enough left to take
eggs unto the people that live yonder.
As quick as I did eat my breakfast, the mamma did set out the
lard-pail on the wash-bench with a dozen eggs in it. As quick as she
did so, I put on my sun-bonnet. It is blue and has a ruffle on it.
Sometimes I wear it on my head, but most times it hangs back over
my shoulders. And often I carry it over my arm with things in it—
earthworms for baby birds, bandages for the folks that get hurt, and
mentholatum in quinine boxes. Then too on exploration trips my
chums ride in it. Sometimes it’s a mouse and sometimes it’s a beetle.
Very often it is toads and caterpillars—only they don’t ride in the
sun-bonnet at the same time, because I have learned toads like to
eat caterpillars for breakfast. Sometimes Thomas Chatterton Jupiter
Zeus, that most dear velvety wood-rat, snuggles up in my sun-
bonnet. He most fills it up. A sun-bonnet is a very useful garment.
 After I did tie my bonnet-strings under my chin in the proper way
the mamma thinks they ought to be tied, I walked over to the wash-
bench in hippity-hops to get that bucket of eggs. Before I took up
the bucket, I did look long looks at those eggs. They were so plump
and so white, and they did have so nice a feel. I think being a hen
must be a very interesting life. How thrilling it must be to cackle
after one lays an egg. And then it must be a big amount of
satisfaction to have a large number of children hatch out at the
same time and follow one about. I think I would like to be a hen in
the daytime, but I would n’t like to roost in the chicken-house at
night.
When the mamma saw me looking long looks at those eggs, she
gave to me a shoulder-shake and told me to get a hurry on me and
take those eggs straight to Mrs. Limberger yonder. That
Mrs. Limberger is the quite plump wife of that quite big man that
lives in a quite big house that is nice but is n’t as nice as his lane. I
thought I’d go straight to Mrs. Limberger’s in along that lane from
out along the field; but first I did go by to get Felix Mendelssohn.
When I got to where he was, it was very near unto the altar of
Good King Edward I. And being as this was the day of his crowning
in 1274, I thought I would just go a little farther, to see if the crown
I planted in little plants there on the altar were growing in a nice
way. They were. When I planted them there from the woods in
spring days, I did hope they would burst into bloom on this his
crowning day and make a crown of flowers on his altar. But the dear
little things got in a hurry, and did bloom more than a month ago.
But they were saying to-day beautiful things with their leaves. I
heard them as I did kneel to pray to thank God for Good
King Edward I.
 After I did pray quite a long time and Felix Mendelssohn got a little
fidgety, I started on to take the eleven eggs that were left straight to
Mrs. Limberger. The other egg I could not take because when I did
kneel to pray, in some way it did roll out of the bucket, and before I
was through my prayers a little gray rock by my hand just rolled off
the altar and met the egg. There are a lot of little gray rocks on the
altar. It is mostly made up of little rocks and some big ones. While I
was making that altar, the man that works at the mill and wears gray
neckties and is kind to mice came along. And the big rocks that were
too big he did lift and place on the altar there. And then he did help
me to plant mosses in between some of the rocks. That made me
happy. Men are such a blessing to have about.
To-day I did go from the altar to the field. Along the way I
stopped to talk to the trees and to watch the birds and to get berries
for the nursery. I put them in the bucket with the eggs. I most lost
my bonnet climbing over the fence, and I did lose three more of
those eggs and some of the berries for the nursery. I picked up the
berries and put them back in the lard-pail, but the eggs I could not
pick up. I did n’t put my sun-bonnet back on my head again, but I
did give the strings a little tie in front so it would n’t come off. Very
soon after I saw a little snake. He was crawling along. When I see
snakes, I like to stop and watch them. The dresses they wear fit
them tight. They can’t fluff out their clothes like birds can, but
snakes are quick people. They move in such a pretty way. Their eyes
are bright and their tongues are slim.
When that snake crawled away where I could n’t see him any
more, I walked over to talk to a flower. After we did have
conversation for some time, I happened to think the mamma did say
to hurry; so I said good-bye, and when I did, I put my nose to the
flower to smell it. It had a pleasant odor. I went on. Pretty soon I
felt something on my nose. I wiped it off. It was pollen from that
flower. I put it on an egg in the lard-pail. That gave that egg a
flowery look. I showed it to an ear of corn, and then, as I did go
along, I stopped to take the clods away from the roots of some of
the corn-plants so the toes of their roots could have some fresh air.
They quivered appreciations, and some did bow down most to the
ground to thank me after I was done.
I proceeded. The day was most warm. When I did cross the creek
I looked down it and up it. There were fairy demoiselles near unto
the water. Their wings did shimmer in the sunlight. All along its
edges the willows were dabbling their toes. Some had waded in a
little bit—about enough to get their ankles wet. I looked long looks
at them. I knew just how they did feel inside while they were
dabbling their toes in the water. It is such a nice feel to have.
I started on. I looked back. I started on. I turned and came back a
little ways—just to take a good-bye look. The willows waved their
hands to me. They called to me, “Petite Françoise, petite Françoise.”
I hurried on with the eggs. I had got twice as far as I did get before.
Then I started back to the creek. I ran all the way. When I arrived I
took off my shoes. I hung my stockings on a willow branch. Then I
sat on the edge of the bank and dabbled my toes. One drinks in so
much inspiration while one is dabbling one’s toes in a willow creek.
And one does hear the talkings of plants that dwell near unto the
water.
While I was dabbling my toes, my legs did have longings to go in
wading, but I went not in. Something might have happened to what
was left of that dozen eggs the mamma was sending straight to
Mrs. Limberger, and that was why I did not go. And I did not take
Felix Mendelssohn out of the pocket he was riding in, that he might
dabble his toes. I took him not out, for he has no longings to dabble
his toes in a brook. He has prefers to dabble his toes in cheese.
Though I do feel most certain one does n’t get near so much
inspirations when one dabbles one’s toes in cheese as one gets
when one dabbles one’s toes in waters that sing. After I did take in a
goodly amount of inspirations, I drew my toes away from the water
and let the sun dry my feet so I could put my stockings on. While I
was lacing my shoes up, I looked looks around to see what was near
about. A little way distant was a haystack.
When I did have my shoes most laced up to the top, I gave the
strings a tuck in and started on. I saw a bourdon. He was plump in
body and he did give a plump buzz. I did halt to screwtineyes him
and to listen to more of those plump buzzings of his. They were cool
sounds. What ones I did hear were so. He was a bourdon in a hurry,
and he went on in a quick way. And I went on in a slow way. The
sun was so hot. It made me squint my eyes, so I put my bonnet on.
That made things better. Pretty soon I met Elizabeth Barrett
Browning. Then we went walking across the field. I took off my sun-
bonnet and tied it on Elizabeth Barrett Browning so the sun would
n’t bother her eyes. And she did go her way and I did go mine. We
shall meet again at the pasture-bars when comes even-time.
When I did say good-bye to Elizabeth Barrett Browning, I went the
way that leads to this haystack. And here I have stopped. A haystack
is such an interesting place. It’s a nice place to explore. I think so.
Mice think so. Sometimes—quite often—when I am crawling back in
a haystack, I do meet a mouse, which is very nice, for mice are nice
folks to know. And now to-day, when I did crawl back away under
the straw I did find something. What I did find made me feel
gratitudes from my curls to my toes. It was a nest full of eggs and
nobody had used an egg from it. There are—there were just fifteen
eggs under the hay. They are not near so white as are those eight
eggs the mamma is sending straight to Mrs. Limberger, but they do
have more smooth feels. Oh, such satin feels! They are so slick they
came most slipping right out of my hands, but they did n’t.
Four and two I have took. I have put them here in the pail. I do
know Mrs. Limberger does so like to have things with satin feels
about her. I have heard her expressions so when I was taking eggs
to her before. Now I think she will beam delights all over her
plumpness when she does see the satin feel eggs in this pail. I have
placed them on top so she will see them first of all. Too, I think her
eyes will kink when she finds she has got a dozen eggs and two. I
wonder what she will be doing with those two extra eggs. Now I’ll
just get a hurry on me and take them straight to her. And I will hide
these printings of to-day in a little box here in the haystack until
comes eventime. And I will come back again for them when I come
to meet Elizabeth Barrett Browning at the pasture-bars.
I’m back again. I did go straight from this haystack with the two
and dozen eggs to the door of the house of Mrs. Limberger. When I
did get there she was talking with a woman. The woman was the
beautiful Sadie McKibben, and she wore upon her a new dress like
the blossoms of avalon growing in the marshes, and there were
freckles on it like the freckles on her face, and both were beautiful.
Also did Mrs. Limberger wear a new dress. It was black and had a
yellow stripe in it like unto one of those yellow stripes the garter-
snake wears on his back.
When I did walk soft upon the porch they were so busy talking
they heard me not. I reached out the eggs. Yet they were so busy
talking they saw them not. Then I did edge over to Sadie McKibben.
I gave her sleeve a little pull. She looked down at me and smiled.
She went on talking. She gave each one of my curls a smooth-out
while she talked on. When she did get most done with her part of
the conversation, Mrs. Limberger did happen to see the eggs I was
holding out to her. She reached and took them. I was glad, but my
arm was the most glad part of me because it did have a tired feeling
from holding the bucket out so long.
She did n’t even notice those satin eggs on top. She did begin to
talk about the many ribbons and the many ruffles the new woman
wears that lives up the corduroy road. She talked on and on, and I
did wait on for the lard-pail the eggs were in. And I did get fidgety,
for she was n’t holding the bucket straight by the middle of its loop
as a bucket ought to be held. I had a little fear she would drop that
bucket. That would make a dent in it. And I knew what a spanking I
would get if I took that pail home with a dent in it. I did stick my
finger in my mouth to keep from speaking to her about it.
Just when I had feels how that spanking was going to feel, she did
take a firm hold on the handle. But she did n’t take it in the middle.
That did make the bucket to tip. She went on talking. She took a big
breath and two of those satin-feel eggs did roll out. They bounced.
They broke. Mrs. Limberger kinked her nose quick. She put her new
black dress to it. Sadie McKibben too did put her new dress to her
nose in a quick way. And my apron so did I put to my nose. Now this
I know for there I learned, an egg with a satin feel may feel proper,
but inside it is not so, and if it gets a fall, it is only a queer odor that
one does have longings to run away from.
But Mrs. Limberger made me stay right there and carry water
from the pump and scrub all the bad odors off her back porch. I
think some of them odors was n’t from the two eggs with satin feels.
When I confided my feelings about the matter to Felix Mendelssohn,
Mrs. Limberger did tell me to go on scrubbing. She said whatever
smells might have been there you could n’t get a whiff of, on
account of the multiplications of smells that came from the two
eggs. Sadie McKibben did help me to scrub. She did ask
Mrs. Limberger not to mention the matter to the mamma. Also she
said she was going by that way to-morrow and would bring the four
eggs to make up the dozen.
When I started home Sadie McKibben did give to me a good-bye
kiss on each cheek. She knew how I do long for kisses, and how the
mamma has n’t time to give me any. When I walked by
Mrs. Limberger I did look the other way. As I passed she gave me a
pat, and when she did, Felix Mendelssohn squeaked. When she gave
me the pat, it went through my dress onto the back of the head of
Felix Mendelssohn in a pocket in my underskirt. And he being a
mouse of a musical tendency does object to being patted on the
back of the head. He prefers to have pats on his throat. And he
won’t let anybody give them but me.
I went on in a hurry to home. The mamma came a little ways
from the door to meet me. Behind her was a switch. I saw both
ends sticking out. I did give my skirt a shake so Felix Mendelssohn
would get out and away. It would be awful for him to get hurt by a
whipping. It might hurt his soul. After the mamma did tend to me as
usual, I put some mentholatum on the places where the whip did hit
most hard. Then I did go to take eggs to the folks that live
hereabout. I went in a hurry. After that there were baby clothes to
be washed and wood to be brought in. Then the mamma told me to
go find my sun-bonnet and not to come back until I did find it. I
went again to the altar of Good King Edward I to pray. Then I went
to the nursery and the hospital and came again here where I print.
Now I do see Elizabeth Barrett Browning at the pasture-bars. And
she has got my sun-bonnet on. I knew we would meet again at
eventide at the pasture-bars, for often we do and often on hot days
she wears my sun-bonnet until we meet again. It does so help to
keep the sun from hurting her beautiful eyes.
 CHAPTER XXXVII

Of the Strange Adventure in the Woods on the Going-Away Day of

Saint Louis.

Very early on the morning of to-day I did go unto the cathedral,

for this is the going-away day of Saint Louis in 1270. I went there to
sing a thank song for his goodness and to say prayers. I did sing the
song of Saint Louis that Angel Father did teach me to sing. The little
leaves on the bushes growing there under the grand trees—their
little leaves did whisper little whispers. I have thinks those little
whispers were thank songs for the goodness of Saint Louis.
Sometimes I did hear little bird voices in between the singing of the
songs. I have thinks they were singing the same thank song I did
sing—only they were singing it in their way. And when I came again
home, the brook was singing the same song.
After other works was done at the house we live in on this
morning, the mamma did have me to stand on a box on a chair and
give to the windows some washes. Then she did have me to give the
steps some scrubs. While I so did, I looked looks about. On the
porch-end was a little spider. He made moves in a little quick way. A
guêpe came near unto him. She made no stops. She came on to
him. She did carry that spider away.
Pretty soon I did have those steps all clean—nice and clean. Then
the mamma did have me to help her to take the children to the
house of her mamma. She and they stayed there all day. I so did not
do. When they were come to the door of the ranch-house, I did go
goes in the way that goes to the pasture-bars. I so did go to tell the
folks in the pasture what day it was.
It was most warm when I was come to the far end of the pasture.
The folks of the pasture were not out in the sun. They were in
shade. Elizabeth Barrett Browning was under a big chêne tree. She
did look gentle looks at me. And I did put my arm around her neck
and tell her all about whose day it was. Then I went on to tell the
gentle Jersey cow. She was near some more chêne trees. I went on.
She followed after. She did come with me as far as the brook. I
watched her take a long drink. The day—it was so warm. Elizabeth
Barrett Browning did come for a drink. I had thinks of Aphrodite in
the pig-pen. I looked looks about for the little bucket I do carry
drinks of water in to my friends. I found it where I did hide it by the
willow bush. Then I did go to take a drink of cold water to Aphrodite
in the pig-pen. These warm days she does have longings for a drink
of cold water. She did grunt grunts of appreciations. Then she did
grunt another grunt. I have thinks that other grunt was to tell me
not to have forgets to take a drink of cold water to Cassiopée. I so
did. Cassiopée is a pig that does belong to the man that our lane
does belong to.
After I did tell them all about it being the going-away day of
Saint Louis, I did go my way to the garden. The golden rod did nod,
“It is good that he is born.” The tall sunflowers in the garden there
did say, “It is his day, it is his day.” I went adown the carrot-rows.
They were all whispering soft whispers. I have thinks they were
saying little thank prayers for the goodness of Saint Louis. The
cabbage-plants were all smiling as I passed them by. I think they are
right glad for the drink of water I gave each one of them last night.
 From the garden I did go to tell other folks. I did sing the little
song of Saint Louis as I did go along. The sun, it was hot down on
my head. I took two big maple leaves and they did some help to
keep its warmness from my head. I went on. Once at the edge of
the near woods I met with my dear Thomas Chatterton Jupiter Zeus.
We went on together. I did carry him in one arm, and I did hold a
maple leaf over him with the other hand. A long way we went, in
about and out about, and many little folks we did tell about this day
being the going-away day of Saint Louis.
By-and-by, after it was a very long time, there was no sun. The
warmness did have a different feel. There were gray clouds in the
sky. Some were darkness. I did go in hurry steps. I went not from
the road. I did go the way it went around the bend. More dark
clouds did roll across the sky. More grayness was over all. Thomas
Chatterton Jupiter Zeus in my bonnet did make a move. I did almost
drop him. I made a stop to wrap him more up in the sun-bonnet.
Then I did hurry on. I climbed the lane gate. It was more quick to so
do than to pull the plug out that swings the gate open. I went on.
There was a great noise. Thomas Chatterton Jupiter Zeus poked his
nose out of the sun-bonnet. He cuddled up against me. The great
noise came again. I whispered to him, “Il tonne.” We went on. In-
between times there was fire in the sky. It made moves in a quick
way. After it was the coming of the great noise. Every time I did
whisper to Thomas Chatterton Jupiter Zeus, “Il tonne.” I so did, so
he would not have thinks the great noise was something else.
When we were come near the ending of the lane, there was some
very big pats of rain. One fell on my nose, and it did roll off onto the
back of Thomas Chatterton Jupiter Zeus. I cuddled him up more
close as more loud noises did come. When we were at the ending of
the lane, there was Brave Horatius waiting for us. I have thinks he
had been on looks for us. His looks did look like he had.
We went on together. We was just a-going to start down the path
that does lead to our house when we did hear a calling. It was a
mournful sound. I had thinks some little life was much hurt and did
have needs of my help. I felt for the little box of mentholatum in my
pocket. It was there, and some bandages too. The sound came
again. Somewhere in the near woods a voice was calling. I followed
it after. Once I did have thinks it came from a root. And then it was
like it did come from a big tree. It was a pain-voice like someone
calling someone to come. Then it was like a lost voice trying to find
its way among the ferns. It was not a word-voice. It was just a voice
without words.
I did have wonders what voice it was. I followed after its queer
callings. Brave Horatius followed after me. He would stop and look
queer puzzle-looks at nowhere. We did go on. The voice sound came
again. Then it was like a voice lost from the person it did belong to.
It was a clear low cry, like a ripple of gray ribbon. We were more
near to it. We followed it around a big tree. There it was come from
the man on the stump, between that tree and the big tree that was
beyond it. The man, he did throw back his head and the voice came
out his throat and went to nowhere. It came again like little bits of
queer green fire flame, and then it was low and again like a ripple of
gray ribbon. As it was so he did turn his face about. It was the face
of the husband of Sadie McKibben; but the look—the look in his eyes
was a queer wild look that looked looks at nowhere.
 CHAPTER XXXVIII

How Opal Makes Prepares to Move. How she Collects All the
Necessary Things, Bids Good-bye to Dear Love, and Learns that
her Prayer has been Answered.

We are going to move to the mill town. For a whole week, every
morning now after the morning works is done the mamma does
have me to help her make prepares to move; and after I do be helps
to the mamma, then I do work at making prepares for moving my
belongings when we go goes to the mill town.
I have made begins a week ago. I have been carrying my
belongings to inside an old log a little way away from the house we
do live in. Moving is a big amount of problem. But mostly now I do
have my prepares done. I am going to take with me when we go
goes to the mill just my necessary things—the mamma does say
none but my necessary things can go. She said that was my blue
calico apron and my gray calico apron and the clothes that goes
under them and my two pair of stockings and the shoes I have on
and my sun-bonnet and my slate and Cyr’s Reader.
But I have some more necessary things that the mamma has not
knows of. There is my two books that Angel Mother and Angel
Father did write in and I do study in every day, and the pictures of
mother and père and the pictures of grandmère and grandpère and
tante and oncle, and all the others that I do love much every day;
and to-day there was needs to give the dear picture of père a wash
in the brook because last time on yesterday, when I did kiss him, a
little piece of jam from my bread and butter got on his dear face
that does look so like him. And after I did come from the brook I put
them all away in a careful way in the box I do keep them in, and I
said a little prayer.
And I went to bring to the old log the willow whistle the shepherd
did make for me when it was the borning time of the lambs, and the
two flutes he did make of reeds. And now I do have most of my
necessaries in the hollow log. There by it is the lily plant the soul of
Peter Paul Rubens has loves for to be near. And I have planted it in a
little flower-pot Sadie McKibben has given to me. And when we are
moved moves to the mill town I will put the lily plant under the
window of the room I do have sleeps in, so that what the soul of
Peter Paul Rubens does love to be near will be near unto where I
am.
And in the hollow log there is the old logging boot of the husband
of Dear Love, that he has given me to keep some of my rock
collections in. And there is the bath-towel of Thomas Chatterton
Jupiter Zeus that Dear Love has made for him. And there is the color
pencils that the fairies did bring to the moss-box. And there is many
brown papers that Sadie McKibben has given me to print prints on.
And there is the cushion Lola did make for Lucian Horace Ovid Virgil
to sit on in my desk at school. And there is all the patches I do pin
on my underskirt for my animal friends to ride in. And there is the
track of Elizabeth Barrett Browning that I did dig up in the lane. It
has so much of poetry in it. And there is one of the gray neckties of
the man that wears gray neckties and is kind to mice, that he did
give to me for Brave Horatius to wear. And there is the bib of Elsie’s
baby that Elsie did give me for Menander Euripides Theocritus
Thucydides to wear when he was nursing the bottle.
 And there is seven of the tail-feathers of Lars Porsena that he did
lose when he did lose his tail. And there is four old horse-shoes of
William Shakespeare that the blacksmith did have allows for me to
have when he was putting new shoes onto William Shakespeare.
And there is the thimble of Dear Love that she has given me to carry
drinks of water to the folks in the hospital. And there is the little bell
of Peter Paul Rubens that he did use to wear to service in the
cathedral. And there is Elsie’s baby’s little old shoe that got worn out
and she gave it to me for Nannerl Mozart to sleep in. And there is
the lid of Sadie McKibben’s coffee-pot that she did give me when it
came off. She always did sing over that lid when cooking-time was
come. And there is the traveling-case of Minerva that the pensée girl
with the far-away look in her eyes did make for me to carry all the
christening robes of Minerva’s children in, and more pieces of white
cloth and little ribbons the pensée girl did put into Minerva’s traveling
case for christening-time come next year. And there is the egg-shells
Ben Jonson and Sir Francis Bacon and Pius VII and Nicholas Boileau
and Edmund Spenser and Oliver Goldsmith and John Fletcher and
Francis Beaumont and Cardinal Richelieu and Sir Walter Raleigh and
the rest of Minerva’s children hatched out of. I have thinks there is
needs for me to carry those egg-shells in my apron when we go
moves to the mill town, so they will not have breaks. And there is
the little gray shawl Sadie McKibben so made for Nannerl Mozart.
And there is the little cap that Dear Love did make for my Louis II,
le Grand Condé. It has got a feather in it. He did nibble the end off
the feather, and he had mouse-wants to chew the tassel that she did
put on the bag she did make for me to carry him in. And there is the
ribbon bow off Elsie’s garter she did give me for Felix Mendelssohn
to wear. I have heard the women folks at the farmhouse say this
world would be a nice world if there were n’t any mice in it. I think it
would be a most lonesome place. And there is the big handkerchief
of the man of the long step that whistles most all of the time that he
did give to me for Brave Horatius to wear around his neck. And there
is Elsie’s old lace collar that Elizabeth Barrett Browning does wear to
cathedral service. And there is one of the whiskers of Thomas
Chatterton Jupiter Zeus that he did lose.
And there is all the portraits of my friends on poker-chips. And
there is the other white poker-chips that are waiting waits for
pictures to be drawed on them. And there is the blue and the red
poker-chips that is the breakfast and supper plates of the folks in the
nursery and the hospital. And there is Minerva’s white cap that she
does wear to cathedral service with the ruffles on it like are on the
morning cap of Jenny Strong. And there is the long green string I
pulled my tooth with. And there is the split jacket of Padre Martini,
that he did last wear before he was become a grown-up cigale. And
there is the bottle of Menander Euripides Theocritus Thucydides—
the bottle that used to be a brandy bottle. And there is the skins of
the caterpillars they did grow too big for when they were growing
into papillons and phalènes. And there is the two tail-feathers of
Agamemnon Menelaus Dindon. And there is Solomon Grundy’s
christening robe. And there is the little fleur watering-pot the fairies
did bring that I do give my friends shower-baths with. And there is
the cocoon that Charlotte Brontë, the big velvet brown phalène, did
hatch out of; and there is more cocoons that other phalènes did
hatch out of. And there is the ribbon bow Elsie has given me off her
other garter for the pet squirrel Geoffroi Chaucer that the cat did
hurt but is well again. And there is a whole new box of mentholatum
that Sadie McKibben has given me for the little folks I find with hurts
in the mill town. And there is the four vaseline bottles that got
empty after the young husband of Elsie did use all the vaseline in
them to keep his pumpadoor smooth. I have uses for those vaseline
bottles to keep food in for the folks of the nursery.
These things I have now in the log. Others of my necessary things
I will bring this eventime and on to-morrow and the next day and
the day after that.
Some of us go to the mill town, but not all of us so go. Dear
Solomon Grundy is sold to a man that does live at one of the edges
of the mill town. Aphrodite is going to stay stays here, and so is
Mathilde Plantagenet and Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Anthonya
Mundy and the gentle Jersey cow and Savonarola and Agamemnon
Menelaus Dindon; and Plato and Pliny are going to live on in the
barn. Brave Horatius is going goes with Aidan of Iona come from
Lindisfarne, and too Menander Euripides Theocritus Thucydides is
going with the shepherd to the blue hills.
Minerva is going to town with us, and so is Sir Francis Bacon and
Ben Jonson and Pius VII and Nicholas Boileau and Sir Walter Raleigh
and all the rest of her dear children, and Clementine and Napoleon
and Andromeda. And by-and-by Thomas Chatterton Jupiter Zeus is
coming comes to the mill town, and so is Felix Mendelssohn and
Louis II, le Grand Condé, and Nannerl Mozart and some of her
children, and Lucian Horace Ovid Virgil and Geoffroi Chaucer and the
caterpillar folks in the nursery. All are when I do have homes fixed
for them about the house we are going to live in in the mill town.
Until then Thomas Chatterton Jupiter Zeus is going to stay with
Dear Love and her husband, and, too, Dear Love does say Lucian
Horace Ovid Virgil can live under her doorsteps until I do have a
place fixed for him under the doorstep of the house we are going to
live in in the mill town. And Sadie McKibben is going to take care of
Geoffroi Chaucer and bring him in to me at the house we are going
to live in at the mill town. And the man that wears gray neckties and
is kind to mice is going to take care of all my mouse friends in his
bunk-house, and he is going goes to feed the folks in the nursery
and the hospital.
And often it is I am going to come comes back again here to
cathedral service and talks with them I know, and to leave letters for
the fairies in the moss-box. I have thinks about the mill town. Maybe
in the fields over on the other side of the mill town—maybe there
there will be étourneau and ortolan and draine and durbec and loriot
and verdier and rossignol and pinson and pivoine. When I am come
to the mill town, I will go explores to see, and I will build altars for
Saint Louis. Now I go to see Dear Love.
When I was come near unto her little house, I had seeing of Dear
Love. She was sitting on the steps by her door drying her hair in the
sun. It did wave little ripples of light when the wind did go in a
gentle way by. She let me have feels of its touches. And she did give
me a kiss on each cheek and one on the nose when she lifted me
onto her lap. And then Dear Love did tell me a secret. It’s hers and
her husband’s secret that the angels did let them know ahead—they
are going to have a baby soon.
I felt a big amount of satisfaction. It is about time that prayer was
answered. Some prayers you pray a little while and answers come.
Some prayers you pray more times and answers don’t come. I have
not knows of why. But prayers for babies get answered soon—most
always they do. The time is so long I have been praying prayers for
Dear Love to have a baby soon. And now the angels have told her
it’s going to come in about five months. I have thinks that is quite a
time long to wait waits.
 And Dear Love has showed me the clothes the angels did tell her
to make ahead for its coming. And there is two little shirts and
bands, and very long underskirts with feather stitches in them, and
there’s a little cream kimona with a blue ribbon bow on it. I looked
looks at it a long time. And Dear Love said she was going to make
one just like it for Thomas Chatterton Jupiter Zeus. I am glad. And
there was more little clothes, and while we was looking at them the
husband of Dear Love did come in the door and he did look adores
at Dear Love. It’s just our secret—just Dear Love’s and her
husband’s and mine. Nobody knows it but just us three, and Thomas
Chatterton Jupiter Zeus and Brave Horatius and Edward I and lovely
Queen Eleanor of Castile and Michael Angelo Sanzio Raphael and
Aphrodite and Lucian Horace Ovid Virgil and Felix Mendelssohn and
Plato and Pliny and Minerva and her chickens and Menander
Euripides Theocritus Thucydides and Louis II, le Grand Condé, and
the willows that grow by Nonette.
Now Brave Horatius and me and Thomas Chatterton Jupiter Zeus
are going to prayers in the cathedral. The great pine tree is saying a
poem, and there is a song in the tree-tops.
 POSTSCRIPT

After this I lived in a great many other lumber camps, and there
were new people and new animal friends and new nurseries and
other cathedrals. I studied in the woods and wrote down what I saw
and heard. In the spring of 1918 I went from Oregon to Southern
California, to do more research work in natural science, earning my
way by teaching nature classes. In the winter of 1918 I published
my first nature-book, paying for it by taking orders for it in advance.
In the summer of 1919 I came East, hoping to be able to get
another nature-book published. In my going to see publishers, I
came to the editor of the Atlantic. While I was telling the editor
about this book, he asked me if I never kept a diary, and this is the
answer.
After the seventh year and far on into other years I continued the
diary; but perhaps some other time the story of all these things will
be pieced together and made into another book.
 Transcriber’s Notes

Some page numbers do not appear due to removed blank pages.

In Contents, “xxi” was changed from “xvii”.
Errors in punctuation were repaired.
Except for the following changes, spelling and hyphenation have been
preserved as printed in the original.
Page 17, “thought” changed from “though” (I thought that a walk).
Page 33, “fairies” changed from “faires” (if the fairies yet).
Page 48, “would n’t” changed from “wouldn’t” (ham would n’t be cut up).
Page 50, “maybe” changed from “may be” (thinks maybe his teeth).
Page 87, “that” changed from “what” (baby that has satisfaction).
Page 100, “Grand” changed from “Grande” (le Grand Condé, was asleep).
Page 139, “do” changed from “bo” (I do sing it).
Page 149, duplicated “to” deleted (to go away).
Page 154, “pancake” changed from “pankcake” (and the pancake-turner).
Page 167, “asfiditee” changed from “asafiditee” (piece of asfiditee I did).
Page 170, “Nicholas” changed from “Nicolas” (Nicholas Boileau and Jean).
Page 194, “Plantagenet” changed from “Plantagenent” (is enough for
Mathilde Plantagenet).
Page 218, “could n’t” changed from “couldn ’t” (we could n’t play
together).
Page 218, “By-and-by” changed from “By and-by” (By-and-by I did hear
Solomon).
Page 245, “oléandre” changed from “oleandre” (cornope, oléandre, iris).
Page 252, “mentholatumed” changed from “metholatumed” (I have
mentholatumed).
Page 276, duplicated “and tante” deleted (and tante and oncle).
Page 280, “mentholatum” changed from “metholatum” (box of
mentholatum that Sadie).
*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE STORY OF
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