Chapter - I

Introduction

An Exploration of Human Expression and Imagination Literature, often described as

the mirror of society, is a vast and multifaceted art form that encompasses the written word’s
artistic expressions. It is a reflection of human experiences, emotions, thoughts, and
imaginations, immortalized through the ages. From ancient epics to contemporary narratives,
literature continues to be a powerful medium that shapes, challenges, and enriches our
understanding of the world. Understanding the historical and cultural context in which a
literary work was created can provide valuable insights into its themes and significance.

The word ‘literature’ is derived from the Latin term ‘litteratura’, which originates
from ‘littera’ meaning ‘letter’ or ‘writing’. In its early usage, the term referred to any form of
written work, especially those composed with artistic or intellectual value. Over time,
literature has come to signify a body of creative works that include poetry, prose, drama, and
other forms of storytelling, reflecting the imagination, culture, and experiences of individuals
and societies.

‘Literature is the art of discovering something extraordinary about Extraordinary

people, and saying with ordinary words something extraordinary.’– Boris Pasternak

Literature transcends time and culture, offering insights into history, traditions, and
universal themes like love, conflict, and identity. It not only entertains but also educates,
preserving the voices of the past while inspiring future generations. By engaging with
literature, we gain a deeper understanding of ourselves and the world around us, making it an
invaluable treasure in human civilization.

The genre definition in literature refers to a category of artistic work that has a
specific form or characteristics. The word ‘genre’ comes from the French word for ‘kind’ or
‘type.’ Most people are familiar with the different kinds of movie genres (such as comedy,
horror, romance, and action) and the characteristics shared by the movies within each genre.
Literature also has various types of genres, though they differ from those associated with

1
film. Literary genres are diverse and multifaceted, each offering unique perspectives and
ways of storytelling.

Poetry is a form of literary expression that uses rhythm, meter, and often rhyme to
evoke emotions and create imagery. It can be both structured, like sonnets and haikus, and
free-form, like free verse. ‘The Wasteland’ by T.S. Eliot - This modernist poem explores
themes of fragmentation and disillusionment in the post-World War I era. Eliot’s use of
diverse voices and allusions creates a rich tapestry of cultural and historical references.
Concrete poetry visually represents its subject, while the spoken word and poetry slams make
it more performative. William Shakespeare, Emily Dickinson, and Rumi greatly influenced
poetry. It is often used for self-expression, political messages, and storytelling. Poetry’s
ability to condense deep meaning into a few lines makes it a timeless art form.

Prose is the most common form of written language, characterized by its natural flow
of speech and grammatical structure. It includes novels, short stories, and essays. ‘One
Hundred Years of Solitude’ by Gabriel García Márquez - This novel, a cornerstone of
magical realism, chronicles the multi-generational story of the Buendía family in the fictional
town of Macondo. Stream-of-consciousness writing, used by James Joyce and Virginia
Woolf, captures a character’s inner thoughts fluidly. Flash fiction, a concise storytelling style,
tells complete stories in a few hundred words. Prose remains the dominant form of writing,
shaping literature, education, and communication worldwide.

Drama is intended for performance and relies heavily on dialogue and stage directions
to convey the story. It includes tragedies, comedies, and tragicomedies. ‘A Doll’s House’ by
Henrik Ibsen - This play is a critical examination of societal norms and the roles of women in
the 19th century. It follows Nora Helmer as she realizes her worth and decides to break free
from the constraints of her marriage. During Shakespeare’s time, women were not allowed to
act, so male actors played female roles. Today, drama spans theatre, film, and television,
portraying human emotions and societal issues. Whether performed on stage or screen, drama
remains a powerful tool for storytelling, cultural reflection, and artistic expression across the
world.

Fiction encompasses imaginative narratives, including various subgenres such as

science fiction, fantasy, and historical fiction. ‘Brave New World’ by Aldous Huxley - This

2
dystopian novel explores a future society driven by technological advancements and
consumerism, raising questions about freedom, individuality, and the role of technology in
human life. Science fiction explores futuristic concepts, and advanced technology, and often
addresses societal and existential questions. Dune by Frank Herbert - This epic science fiction
novel is set in a distant future where noble families vie for control of the desert planet
Arrakis, the source of the valuable spice melange. Herbert explores themes of politics,
religion, and the environment.

Fantasy includes magical and supernatural elements, often set in imaginary worlds
with their own rules and logic. ‘Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone’ by J.K. Rowling -
This fantasy novel introduces readers to the world of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and
Wizardry, where young Harry Potter discovers his magical heritage and faces dark forces.
Historical fiction is set in a specific historical period, blending historical facts with fictional
elements. ‘All the Light We Cannot See’ by Anthony Doerr - This novel is set during World
War II and tells the intertwined stories of a blind French girl and a German soldier. Doerr’s
lyrical prose and meticulous research bring the era to life.

Biographies provide a detailed account of a person’s life, written by someone else.

‘Alexander Hamilton’ by Ron Chernow - This biography offers an in-depth look at the life
and achievements of Alexander Hamilton, one of America’s Founding Fathers. Chernow’s
work inspired the hit musical Hamilton. Autobiographies are written by individuals about
their own lives, offering personal insights and reflections. ‘Long Walk to Freedom’ by
Nelson Mandela - In this autobiography, Nelson Mandela recounts his journey from his early
years, through his struggle against apartheid, to his presidency and the challenges he faced.

Essays are short works that express the author’s viewpoints on various subjects, often
blending personal reflection with broader social commentary. ‘Notes of a Native Son’ by
James Baldwin - This collection of essays explores themes of race, identity, and the African
American experience, blending Baldwin’s reflections with his incisive social critique.

The types of literature into different categories and regions help provide a structured
way to study and appreciate the vast diversity of literary works and traditions. Here are some
reasons why literature is often separated in this manner. Cultural Context Understanding the
cultural context of a literary work is crucial. By grouping literature by region or ethnicity,

3
scholars and readers can better grasp the cultural, social, and historical influences that shape
the narratives, themes, and styles of the works.

Global Appreciation Highlighting the distinctions between various literary traditions

fosters a greater appreciation of the richness and diversity of global literature. It allows
readers to explore and understand the unique qualities of different literatures, ultimately
broadening their literary horizons. Separating literature into these categories doesn’t confine
the works but rather enhances our understanding and appreciation of the multifaceted world
of literature

American literature reflects the diverse history and culture of the United States. It
includes works from different periods, such as Colonial, Romantic, Realist, Modernist, and
Contemporary. Mark Twain ‘The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn’, Toni Morrison
‘Beloved’. The Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s celebrated Black voices, with poets like
Langston Hughes. Modernist writers like F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway reshaped
storytelling. Contemporary literature highlights diverse voices, addressing race, identity, and
society. From transcendentalism to postmodernism, American literature captures the nation’s
evolving identity through its exploration of individualism, freedom, and the American
Dream.

Indian literature is a reflection of the country’s vast cultural, linguistic, and historical
diversity. It includes ancient texts, medieval devotional poetry, colonial literature, and
contemporary works. Rabindranath Tagore ‘Gitanjali’, R.K. Narayan ‘Malgudi Days’.
Colonial-era writers like Rabindranath Tagore combined tradition with modern themes. Post-
independence literature explores identity, caste, and politics, with writers like R.K. Narayan
and Arundhati Roy. Indian literature exists in multiple languages, each offering unique
narratives. It blends mythology, folklore, and social issues, making it one of the most diverse
literary traditions.

Russian literature is known for its depth and complexity, often exploring themes of
philosophy, politics, and the human condition. Leo Tolstoy ‘War and Peace’, Fyodor
Dostoevsky ‘Crime and Punishment’. The Enlightenment introduced philosophical works by
Voltaire and Rousseau. Romanticism, led by poets like Byron and Goethe, emphasized
emotions. Realism and modernism followed, with Tolstoy, Kafka, and Proust exploring

4
human psychology. Postmodern writers like Samuel Beckett challenged conventions.
European literature reflects the continent’s cultural and political shifts, offering rich
narratives that examine identity, history, and existential themes through a wide range of
genres and styles.

European literature encompasses works from various countries, each with its unique
cultural and historical context. It includes ancient classics, Renaissance literature, and modern
works. William Shakespeare (England) ‘Romeo and Juliet’, Franz Kafka (Germany) ‘The
Metamorphosis’. Postcolonial literature addresses Indigenous voices, with writers like
Thomas King and Joseph Boyden reclaiming history. The harsh Canadian environment often
influences storytelling, as seen in survivalist fiction. Contemporary literature continues to
explore multiculturalism, immigration, and social justice. With a blend of Indigenous,
French, and English influences, Canadian literature is rich and diverse.

Canadian literature reflects the country’s diverse cultural landscape and history. It
often addresses themes of nature, identity, multiculturalism, and the immigrant experience.
Margaret Atwood ‘The Handmaid’s Tale’, and Alice Munro’s ‘Dear Life’. Post-Soviet
literature continues to address social and political struggles. Russian poetry, with figures like
Alexander Pushkin, remains influential. Its literature blends realism, tragedy, and satire,
capturing Russia’s historical turbulence and philosophical depth, making it one of the most
profound literary traditions.

Indian writers are distinct due to their cultural diversity, multilingualism, historical
and social context, philosophical and spiritual themes, blend of tradition and modernity, and
emphasis on community and relationships. This unique combination allows them to offer rich
and varied perspectives in their works. For instance, Rabindranath Tagore’s ‘Gitanjali’
reflects Bengali spirituality, while R.K. Narayan’s ‘Malgudi Days’ captures the essence of
small-town South India. Salman Rushdie’s ‘Midnight’s Children’ intertwines India’s history
with magical realism, and Arundhati Roy’s ‘The God of Small Thing’ delves into the
complexities of human relationships within the context of Indian society. These elements
collectively make Indian literature a vibrant and essential part of the global literary landscape.
Notable Indian authors in Indian Literature.

5
 Ruskin Bond’s novella ‘The Blue Umbrella’ tells the story of Binya, a young girl in a
small Indian village, who acquires a beautiful blue umbrella. The umbrella’s beauty catches
everyone’s eye, including a jealous shopkeeper, leading to a heartwarming tale of kindness
and forgiveness. His stories beautifully capture the landscapes of the Himalayas, especially
Mussoorie, where he has lived for decades. His works reflect his love for nature, small-town
life, and simple joys.

Mulk Raj Anand ‘Letters on India’ (1942): A collection of letters that reveal Anand’s
thoughts and insights on Indian politics, culture, and society. Anand’s novels focused on
social issues, highlighting the struggles of the poor, untouchables, and marginalized
communities in India. Untouchable (1935) exposed caste discrimination and is one of his
most famous works. Kamala Das ‘The Old Playhouse’. This poem by Kamala Das explores
themes of confinement and loss of identity in marriage. It critiques the traditional roles
imposed on women, comparing domestic life to a restrictive playhouse where the protagonist
feels trapped and powerless, yearning for freedom and self-discovery.

Rabindranath Tagore, A Nobel laureate in literature, Tagore’s works include poetry,

novels, and short stories. His most famous work is the collection ‘Gitanjali.’ Tagore
displayed extraordinary talent as a child, composing poetry at 8 and publishing his first
collection at 16. He never received formal schooling and was largely self-taught. Tagore and
Gandhi had deep philosophical exchanges. He was the one who gave Gandhi the title
‘Mahatma’ (Great Soul), and they often debated nationalism and universalism.

R. K. Narayan is known for his charming stories set in the fictional South Indian
town of Malgudi, his notable works include ‘Swami and Friends’ and ‘The Guide.’ Chetan
Bhagat With contemporary novels like ‘Five Point Someone’ and ‘2 States,’ Chetan Bhagat
appeals significantly to younger readers. Khushwant Singh, A prolific writer, Singh authored
the classic ‘Train to Pakistan,’ which gives a vivid account of Partition’s trauma.

‘Chetan’s writings have brought reading back into the lives of young Indians. His
books resonate with a generation that values simplicity and relatability.’ -Amish
Tripathi

6
 This project focuses on the renowned Indian author Chetan Bhagat’s notable work,
Revolution 2020. The novel explores themes of corruption, education, and self-discovery,
raising questions about the state of Indian society and the challenges faced by the younger
generation. It also includes my understanding and perspective on this novel. Chetan Bhagat is
one of India’s most popular contemporary authors, known for his engaging storytelling and
relatable characters. He has a unique ability to capture the pulse of young India, addressing
themes and issues that resonate with a broad audience. Chetan Bhagat’s ability to connect
with readers and his impactful storytelling has made him a household name in India, earning
him a special place in modern Indian literature. Chetan Bhagat’s ‘Revolution 2020’ explores
corruption in the education system, the commercialization of education, and the ethical
dilemmas faced by young Indians. Through the journey of its characters, the novel highlights
themes of ambition, personal growth, and self-discovery. Bhagat raises questions about
societal challenges and the impact of corruption on the younger generation, encouraging
readers to reflect on their own choices and the state of Indian society.

Chetan Bhagat, full name ‘Chetan Prakash Bhagat’, is a well-known Indian author,
columnist, screenwriter, and motivational speaker. He was born on April 22, 1974, in New
Delhi, India. Bhagat grew up in a traditional Punjabi Hindu family. His father was a
lieutenant colonel in the Indian Army, and his mother worked as a scientist at the Indian
Agricultural Research Institute in New Delhi. Bhagat completed his schooling at the Army
Public School, Dhaula Kuan, where he developed a passion for writing. Later, he attended the
Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) in Delhi and graduated with a degree in Mechanical
Engineering. He then went on to pursue an MBA at the Indian Institute of Management (IIM)
Ahmedabad, where he graduated in 1997.

Chetan Bhagat’s first work is the novel ‘Five Point Someone’: What Not to Do at
IIT,’ published in 2004. The book is a humorous and poignant story about three friends
navigating life at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT). It explores themes of friendship,
love, academic pressure, and the struggle to find one’s identity in a competitive environment.
Columnist: Apart from being an author, Bhagat is also a regular columnist for English and
Hindi newspapers, where he discusses issues related to the Indian youth. After the success of
his first novel, Bhagat continued to write bestsellers such as ‘One Night @ the Call Centre,’

7
‘The 3 Mistakes of My Life,’ ‘2 States,’ ‘Revolution 2020,’ and ‘Half Girlfriend.’ Many of
his novels have been adapted into successful Bollywood movies.

In 2009, Chetan Bhagat quit his banking career to become a full-time writer. Aside
from novels, he has ventured into scriptwriting for Bollywood films and also appeared as a
judge on the dance reality show ‘Nach Baliye’. Bhagat’s writing is known for its simple and
relatable style, often addressing themes such as love, relationships, education, and aspirations
of the Indian youth. He has significantly influenced the Indian literary scene, making
contemporary fiction more appealing to younger readers. In his personal life, Bhagat is
married to Anusha Suryanarayanan Bhagat, and they have two children. Many of his novels
are taken as a movie. Chetan Bhagat has a deep passion for addressing social issues through
his writing and public speaking. He’s known for his efforts to make education and career
guidance more accessible to Indian youth. Bhagat often writes about the aspirations and
struggles of young Indians, aiming to inspire and motivate them. He is an advocate for mental
health awareness and frequently discusses the importance of mental well-being in his talks
and writings. Bhagat is also a fitness enthusiast and shares tips on maintaining a healthy
lifestyle. He lives with his wife, Anusha Bhagat, and their twin sons, Shyam and Ishaan.

1. Five Point Someone (2004)

This novel explores the lives of three friends at IIT Delhi struggling to cope with academic
pressures, personal relationships, and the rigid education system. It humorously portrays their
misadventures, including conflicts with professors and a budding romance. The book
highlights how grades aren’t the only measure of success, offering a fresh perspective on
education and individuality. Its relatable themes and simplicity resonated with readers,
making it an instant bestseller. The novel was later adapted into the critically acclaimed
Bollywood movie ‘3 Idiots’.

2. One Night @ the Call Centre (2005)

Set in a call centre, this story revolves around six employees working the night shift. It delves
into their struggles, from failed relationships and career dissatisfaction to familial
expectations. The turning point comes when they receive a mysterious phone call from God,
urging them to take control of their lives. The novel captures the frustrations of India’s youth
and the challenges of modern workplaces. It became widely popular and was adapted into the
Bollywood film ‘Hello’.

8
3. The 3 Mistakes of My Life (2008)
Set in Gujarat, this novel tells the story of three friends—Govind, Ishaan, and Omi—chasing
their dreams of starting a sports shop. The narrative intertwines cricket, religion, and politics,
highlighting the struggles of entrepreneurship in a turbulent environment. Tragedy strikes due
to communal violence, testing their friendship and dreams. The novel address’s themes of
ambition, friendship, and the impact of societal divisions. It was adapted into the Bollywood
movies’ Kai Po Che!’, which garnered both critical and commercial success.

4. 2 States (2009)
This semi-autobiographical novel is a humorous take on a cross-cultural love story. It follows
Kris, a Punjabi boy, and Ananya, a Tamil girl, as they fall in love at IIM Ahmedabad. The
couple faces challenges convincing their culturally contrasting families to approve of their
marriage. The novel explores themes of love, family, and cultural differences, making it
relatable to a wide audience. Its success led to the Bollywood adaptation 2 States, which was
a box-office hit.

5. Revolution 2020 (2011)

Set in Varanasi, this novel narrates the intertwined lives of three childhood friends—Gopal,
Raghav, and Aarti. Gopal, driven by poverty and ambition, chooses corruption to achieve
success, while Raghav, an idealist, fights against the corrupt system as a journalist. A love
triangle further complicates their relationships. The story explores themes of love, greed, and
moral dilemmas, offering a commentary on India’s flawed educational and political systems.
It resonated with readers for its realistic portrayal of ambition and ethical conflicts.

6. One Indian Girl (2016)

This novel presents the story of Radhika Mehta, a successful investment banker who
struggles with societal expectations, career ambitions, and personal relationships. Through
her journey, Bhagat addresses themes of feminism, gender bias, and societal double
standards. The book offers a fresh perspective on the challenges faced by independent women
in modern India. It stands out for its attempt to portray a strong female voice, making it
thought-provoking and relatable to readers. The narrative delves into her personal growth and
struggle to balance career ambitions and traditional cultural expectations, ultimately
advocating for gender equality and women’s empowerment.

9
 Chetan Bhagat’s novel ‘Revolution 2020 ‘is a powerful narrative that intricately
weaves together the themes of corruption in the Indian education system, the complexities of
a love triangle, and the pivotal role of youth in driving social change. Set against the
backdrop of Varanasi, the story follows the lives of three childhood friends—Gopal, Raghav,
and Aarti—as they navigate their ambitions, relationships, and ethical dilemmas. Bhagat
skilfully uses the love triangle to highlight the emotional struggles and personal growth of his
characters, while simultaneously exposing the widespread corruption that plagues the
education sector. Through the experiences and actions of these young protagonists, the novel
underscores the potential of India’s youth to challenge and transform societal norms, offering
a compelling commentary on the need for honesty, integrity, and social responsibility.

Unveiling the Shadows of Corruption in Indian Education, Corruption in the Indian

education system is a deep-rooted issue, influencing everything from admissions to
examinations. The project, Unmasking Corruption by Raghav Kashyap, critically examines
the dark realities behind education, contrasting the idealized portrayal of success in media
with the harsh truth of systemic failures. The coaching industry, often seen as a gateway to
prestigious careers, is exposed for its profit-driven motives, exploiting students’ aspirations
rather than nurturing genuine learning. Chetan Bhagat, in What Young India Wants,
highlights the frustration of youth facing a corrupt system that prioritizes money over merit.
His novel Revolution 2020 also reflects these concerns, showcasing the moral dilemmas of
young individuals caught between ambition and ethics. Can we overcome corruption in
education? This question is central to the discourse, as it challenges whether reforms can
dismantle the entrenched networks of favouritism and bribery.

Chapter 3, Path of Youth in Revolution 2020, explores how young minds can resist
corruption, emphasizing the role of media and youth activism in driving change. Young
mavericks who dare to challenge the status quo symbolize a new revolution, fighting for
transparency and justice. The novel’s protagonist, Raghav, embodies this struggle as he
enters politics. Does he remain true to his principles, or does power corrupt him? This
transition reflects the broader conflict between idealism and reality. Chapter 4 critically
analyses Revolution 2020, evaluating Bhagat’s writing style, character depth, and the varied
perspectives on his work. While some see it as a social critique, others argue it oversimplifies
complex issues. Ultimately, this project aims to uncover the truths behind corruption,

10
questioning whether true reform is possible or if the system inevitably consumes even the
most well-intentioned.

Chetan Bhagat masterfully intertwines the themes of corruption in the Indian

education system, the complexities of a love triangle, and the powerful role of youth in
driving social change. The story unfolds in Varanasi, where the lives of Gopal, Raghav, and
Aarti become entangled. Gopal, aspiring to rise above his humble origins, falls victim to the
corrupt practices within the educational system, including bribery and deceit, which reflect
the systemic issues plaguing institutions across India. The love triangle between Gopal,
Raghav, and Aarti adds an emotional depth to the narrative, exploring themes of loyalty,
ambition, and the complexities of human relationships.

Gopal’s unrequited love for Aarti and her fluctuating feelings between him and
Raghav creates a tension that drives the story forward, illustrating how personal and societal
conflicts intertwine. Raghav embodies the role of the youth as agents of social change. His
unwavering commitment to fighting corruption and promoting transparency through his
newspaper stands in stark contrast to Gopal’s moral compromises. This dichotomy highlights
the potential of the younger generation to challenge the status quo and strive for a more just
society. As the narrative progresses, it becomes evident that the battle against corruption and
the quest for personal are deeply connected, emphasizing the need for ethical integrity and
social responsibility. I read this in my fourth semester and was inspired by Chetan Bhagat’s
thoughts. So, I chose this book for my project, which is about realism and Chetan Bhagat’s
perspectives on youngsters in India. ‘Revolution 2020’ has a significant impact on today’s
youth, and it also highlights the corruption in the Indian education system.

11
 Chapter - II
Corruption in the Indian Education System in Revolution 2020

‘Revolution 2020’ by Chetan Bhagat is a compelling narrative that delves into the
pervasive corruption within India’s educational institutions. Set against the backdrop of
Varanasi, the story follows three childhood friends, Gopal, Raghav, and Aarti, whose lives
take divergent paths influenced by ambition, love, and corruption. Gopal, the protagonist,
succumbs to the corrupt system to achieve his dreams, while Raghav, driven by a sense of
justice, fights against it. Through their intertwined lives, the novel exposes the grim reality of
how corruption taints the sanctity of education, leading to widespread societal repercussions.

The novel critiques the commercialization of education, where profit motives

overshadow the ethical and qualitative aspects. Bhagat’s narrative highlights the struggles of
students who are often victims of a flawed system that prioritizes monetary gain over genuine
learning. The story serves as a call to action, urging stakeholders to recognize the detrimental
impact of corruption and strive for a more transparent and accountable educational
framework. ‘Revolution 2020’ is not just a tale of personal ambition and love, but a poignant
reflection on the need for systemic reforms to uphold the integrity and purpose of education
in India

Revolution 2020 is the story of three friends from Varanasi. The life story is
predictably a Love Story or rather a love triangle involving Gopal and childhood friends
Raghav and Aarti. The three protagonists belong to different classes. Gopal is poor, Raghav
is middle class while Aarti is well Off. The novel is just a love story while speaking to India
Real Time (IRT) Bhagat himself States, ‘But, frankly, when you read the book, you see it’s
not so political. It’s still 80% love story and the rest are about the issues I am talking about.
‘Revolution 2020 is something very Close to my heart…’5 But if you focus on the
background, activities, and all other minor aspects, you will find that the story starts from
corruption though it seems to be a joke or student’s hobby. Stealing and eating the cake Aarti
shows the intention of both Gopal and Raghav. Gopal wants to eat whole while Raghav says,
‘Don’t take the whole thing. It’s not fair…. Cut it into two. Take One, leave the other.’ (R 9-
10) They commit a mistake to leave the chocolate-stained ruler on the Seat by which they are
caught. This is the practice in all corruption and illegal matters in which the convict leaves

12
some sign. This episode resembles Shukla’s episode where he is caught and punished like
Gopal.

Though opening new educational institutes indicates to spread education and reduce
corruption even the thought of starting such institutes is not without corruption. The motive
of the Capitalists represented philanthropic and charitable towards the society and career of
students, Focusing on only lucre and stinginess. Chetan Bhagat, being a capitalist warns
society not to be Fully corrupt, especially in the field of education. Talking to India Real
Time (IRT) This quote is from Amit Abraham, an Indian educationist and entrepreneur. He
shared these thoughts during an interview, highlighting his concerns about corruption in the
education sector and its detrimental effects on society.

‘I saw corruption at almost every level. While I am a capitalist at heart and I have no
problems with commercialization as such, I believe that while it’s okay if education
becomes A profitable business, it’s not okay if it becomes corrupt. You can make
money…everybody Makes money, but the moment you enter into a corrupt mindset,
it has dangerous Consequences – especially in education. If you have corruption in
education, you end up with A whole generation that is not trained properly.’-Amit
Abraham

The Ganga Tech, represented as one of the biggest institutions and predictably a well-
reputed university, is founded on corruption and disputed land. The land on which it is
situated is Usurped forcefully and illegally from Ghanshyam, Gopal’s uncle, though it is a
justification to Him. Here everyone waits for his opportunity. Not only the capitalists but the
professionals are also second to none to cash their chance. In the initial procedure to establish
the Ganga Tech, they Had to grease the different palms at every step. Chetan Bhagat has
always been very cautious and aware of most of the issues related to the Society. That’s why
he always represents him through the articles published in the newspapers. Bhagat writes in
his article, ‘Many of us unfortunate enough to be educated and emotionally Invested in our
country are in pain these days. We see our nation being plundered and Mismanaged by the
politicians in power.’

‘Thousands have opened up in the last decade. In NCR alone, there are over a
hundred MBA Colleges now. With such proliferation quality standards vary widely across

13
these institutes. While there is demand for them given our large student pool, what they are
teaching and what Students are learning is another matter. To ensure quality, the government
has put in place Procedures like elaborate approval processes and regular inspections.
However, these are Abused and corruption is rife. Many private college owners have
personally admitted to me That they had to pay bribes at every stage of opening the college-
from getting land and Building approvals to approving the course plan and setting fee
structures. Corruption in the
The private education sector is such a norm that nobody in the know even raises an
eyebrow Anymore.’ – Raghav Kashyap in Revolution 2020.

Gopal is completely a novice to the system, but the brokers are available everywhere.
Knows the whole system and how to settle matters. To establish the institute files are just
copied and pasted as he says, ‘It is standard stuff, taken from earlier applications.’ (R 137)
Initially, they had to bribe VNN (Varanasi Nagar Nigam) to get permission for construction.
Babus are also exposed to be very expert in taking bribes and in bargaining. Sinha, the deputy
corporate in VNN takes a huge amount only for the approval to open the college. In this
Bargaining, Gopal asks Sinha, ‘No concession for Shukla ji?’ Sinha says, ‘This is already
half of What I take.’ Gopal says ‘Eleven?’… Then Sinha aptly says, ‘Twelve and a half.
Done! Do not Embarrass me before my big brother.’ (R 140) Corrupt people have two faces.
Despite Allured for money they want to show them dead honest. Sometimes these people opt
for the worst Methods of giving bribes. When the bulldozer comes for demolition, Shukla ji
advises Gopal,

If you talk corporate, they will talk about a serious shortage of talent. On the other
hand, students Say that there are no good jobs. The students are not being trained properly to
meet the demands of the globalized world. Almost everybody agrees to the fact that
something is Missing in the system. One side is not responsible for this corruption. The
management wants to Earn money without fulfilling the basic requirements of the institute
and the officials or the Concerned persons take the benefit of the situation. Mostly the leaders
or the capitalists are more Responsible for this critical situation of corruption. Shukla ji, the
MLA and trustee of the college, Tells Gopal, ‘If we had a straightforward and clean system,
these professors would open their colleges. Blue chip companies and software firms could
open colleges. The system is twisted; They don’t want to touch it. That is where we come in.’
(R 166).

14
 The headlines of Revolution 2020 also invoke the people and the matter he writes
attacks on Corruption directly or indirectly by exposing the inappropriate approvals and
illegal construction ‘Farms are turned into colleges…Colleges will soon have malls next
door. Politicians who mean to Protect us and prevent all this, are often the culprits…We have
proof to compare the vast Difference between what is allowable and what VNN approved…’
(R 190-191) Gopal does not Understand the passion and motive of Raghav and interprets it
wrongly. That’s why he thinks that ‘He is taking revenge.’ (R 191) Another article „Because
Enough is Enough‟ of Revolution 2020 Focuses on the reality of the society including
corruption and its solution, Raghav said,

‘…top leaders are the biggest crooks? where almost anyone with power is corrupt?
India has suffered enough. Why?... Does an Indian farmer not work hard? Does an
Indian student not Study? Do we not want to do well? Why, why are we then doomed
to be poor? We have to Clean the system…„Power is not an apple that falls from a
tree into your lap. Power has to be Snatched from people who already have it. ‟ We
have to start a revolution, a revolution that resets our corrupted system. A system that
shifts power back into the hands of the people, and Treats politicians like workers, not
kings.’ (R 205)

Thus, corruption in the education system might be the worst curse for the people of
any nation. It is education which can make or mar the future of the whole country. Revolution
2020, very Practical to the present scenario, exposes all the loopholes of our modern
education system. If the same system continues longer, a huge number of youths will be
unemployed. Undoubtedly these Institutes will provide the students with the best degrees
which will prove all in vain. Bhagat also Advises his readers as well as the government, The
Government’s no profit allowed policy for private institutes is one of the biggest reasons for
Corruption. These private institutes are restricted by the government and technically they
cannot make Money. The government presumes that innumerable people are ready to invest a
huge amount of money in setting up a good college but this is a flawed and stupid assumption
that Raghav’s quest begins with his unwavering belief in the power of the press to bring
about change.

15
 He starts his career at a local newspaper, where he is quickly disillusioned by the
pervasive corruption that stifles honest reporting. Undeterred, Raghav decides to take matters
into his own hands by founding his newspaper, Revolution 2020. Through this platform, he
aims to unmask the corrupt practices that have become deeply entrenched in society.

One of Raghav’s first major exposés is the uncovering of a scandal involving a

prominent politician and a local educational institution. Through meticulous investigation and
fearless reporting, Raghav reveals how the politician has been accepting bribes in exchange
for granting approvals and licenses to the institution. This revelation sends shockwaves
through the community and brings to light the extent of the corruption that has compromised
the quality of education and the future of countless students. Raghav’s relentless pursuit of
truth is not without its challenges. He faces threats and intimidation from powerful figures
who seek to silence him. Despite these obstacles, Raghav’s dedication to his cause remains
steadfast. His courage is further exemplified when he uncovers a major scam involving the
allocation of government funds for infrastructure projects. By following the money trail and
uncovering falsified documents, Raghav exposes how these funds, meant for the development
of the city, have been siphoned off by corrupt officials for personal gain.

Through Raghav’s character, Bhagat vividly illustrates the impact of corruption on the
lives of ordinary citizens. The systemic corruption not only hampers progress but also erodes
the moral fabric of society. Raghav’s work brings to the forefront the struggles of those who
are marginalized and oppressed by corrupt practices. His articles highlight the plight of
students who are denied quality education, the farmers whose lands are taken away unjustly,
and the common people who suffer due to the misallocation of resources. Raghav’s journey is
also a personal one, intertwined with his relationships with Gopal and Aarti. While Gopal
succumbs to the lure of corruption to achieve his ambitions, Raghav’s steadfast commitment
to integrity creates a rift between the two friends. This juxtaposition of their paths serves to
underscore the difficult choices individuals face when navigating a corrupt system. Aarti
caught between her love for both friends, represents the moral dilemmas and compromises
that people often grapple with.

In Revolution 2020, Chetan Bhagat masterfully illustrates the pervasive corruption in

India’s education system through the journey of Raghav Kashyap, who emerges as a crusader
against these malpractices. Raghav, an idealistic journalist, unearths and exposes the deeply

16
rooted corruption within educational institutions and political spheres in Varanasi. His efforts
to reveal bribery, manipulation, and unethical practices highlight the stark contrast between
fictional and real-life corruption, resonating with readers familiar with such issues in
contemporary India. The novel vividly portrays how the dreams and aspirations of students
like Gopal are thwarted by a corrupt system that prioritizes wealth and power over merit and
integrity. Through Raghav’s unwavering commitment to justice, Bhagat underscores the
urgent need for systemic reforms and the relentless struggle between morality and corruption
that plagues India’s education sector. This narrative not only entertains but also serves as a
call to action, urging readers to confront and challenge the corrupt practices that hinder
societal progress.

Raghav Kashyap’s commitment to uncovering the truth and fighting corruption is not
just a personal mission, but a reflection of the larger struggle faced by many young
individuals in India. His journey as a journalist is marked by relentless determination and a
deep sense of responsibility towards society. Raghav’s investigative work exposes the corrupt
practices of powerful figures and institutions, revealing the extent to which corruption has
infiltrated various aspects of life. His courage in the face of adversity inspires others to
question the status quo and join the fight against corruption. Bhagat’s portrayal of Raghav
highlights the importance of integrity, transparency, and accountability in building a better
society. Through Raghav’s efforts, Bhagat emphasizes that the youth have the power to
challenge and transform the systems that perpetuate injustice and that their collective actions
can lead to meaningful and lasting change.

Raghav Kashyap serves as a beacon of hope and integrity, determined to fight against
the pervasive corruption that plagues society. As an ambitious and idealistic young journalist,
Raghav dedicates himself to exposing the malpractices and injustices that undermine the very
fabric of India. Armed with his unwavering commitment to truth and justice, he uses his
skills in journalism to shed light on the dark corners of corruption that many choose to
ignore. Raghav’s journey is marked by his relentless pursuit of transparency and
accountability. Despite facing numerous challenges and threats from those who benefit from
the corrupt system, he remains undeterred in his mission. His investigative work uncovers the
extent of corruption within the educational system, political circles, and business enterprises,
highlighting how deeply entrenched these issues are in society.

17
 Raghav’s articles and reports serve as a wake-up call to the public, urging them to
demand change and hold those in power accountable. Through Raghav’s character, Bhagat
underscores the transformative potential of the youth when driven by a sense of purpose and
justice. Raghav’s dedication to his cause inspires others to join the fight against corruption,
demonstrating that collective action can bring about meaningful change. His story is a
testament to the power of the younger generation to challenge the status quo and strive for a
more just and equitable society. In the end, Raghav’s efforts are not just about exposing
corruption; they are about igniting a revolution of thought and action among the youth.
Bhagat’s portrayal of Raghav emphasizes that true change comes from within, driven by
individuals who refuse to accept the world as it is and instead work tirelessly to create the
world as it should be. Raghav Kashyap’s unwavering resolve and courageous spirit make him
a symbol of hope and a catalyst for social transformation in ‘Revolution 2020.’

Contrasting Fictional and Real-Life Corruption in Revolution 2020. Chetan Bhagat

views corruption, both real and fictional, as a deep-rooted issue affecting society, particularly
in education and politics. In ‘Revolution 2020’, he portrays corruption as a personal moral
struggle, showing how individuals like Gopal justify unethical choices due to systemic
pressures. However, in real life, Bhagat believes corruption is more widespread, often lacking
the guilt or consequences seen in fiction. He argues that real corruption is not just about
bribes but about denying opportunities to deserving people. Through his writing and public
discourse, he emphasizes that while fiction can raise awareness, real change requires systemic
reform and youth activism. Corruption is a recurring theme in both fiction and real life,
shaping the destiny of individuals and societies. ‘Revolution 2020’ a novel by Chetan Bhagat,
explores corruption in India’s education system and political landscape through the lives of
its three protagonists—Gopal, Raghav, and Aarti. The novel presents fictional corruption that
mirrors real-life scenarios, demonstrating how power and money influence society. This
essay contrasts the fictional corruption in ‘Revolution 2020’ with real-life corruption,
highlighting their similarities and differences in terms of scale, consequences, and moral
dilemmas.

Fictional Corruption in ‘Revolution 2020’, Chetan Bhagat’s ‘Revolution 2020’

portrays a deeply flawed education system where bribery and political connections determine
success. The protagonist, Gopal, comes from a struggling background and, after failing to
secure admission into a reputed engineering college, is drawn into the world of corruption.

18
With the help of a corrupt politician, he establishes a private engineering college, where merit
takes a backseat to money. The novel highlights how politicians and businessmen exploit
students and parents desperate for a good education. Gopal’s journey reflects the moral
conflict between personal gain and ethical responsibility. While he initially justifies his
actions as a means of survival, he later struggles with guilt when he realizes how his actions
negatively impact others. The novel also presents Raghav as a contrasting character—an
idealist who fights corruption through journalism, yet suffers consequences for his honesty.
The fictional corruption in ‘Revolution 2020’ is exaggerated to some extent, making it more
dramatic and engaging for readers. However, it effectively captures the essence of real-world
corruption, particularly in India’s education sector, where bribery for college admissions,
fake degrees, and mismanagement of funds are common.

Real-Life Corruption in Education and Politics, in reality, corruption in India’s

education system is widespread. Numerous scandals have exposed the unethical practices of
private institutions, where students secure admissions through donations rather than merit.
The Vyapam scam in Madhya Pradesh, where government job and entrance exam seats were
sold to the highest bidder, is a striking example of corruption similar to what is depicted in
‘Revolution 2020’. Political corruption, too, remains a serious issue. In real life, politicians
often use their influence to manipulate policies, divert public funds, and silence whistle-
blowers. Unlike in the novel, where corruption is largely confined to the education sector,
real-world corruption extends to infrastructure, healthcare, and law enforcement. Many real-
life figures, unlike Gopal, do not experience moral dilemmas, as their corrupt actions often go
unchecked. Another key difference is the scale of impact. While ‘Revolution 2020’ focuses
on how corruption affects individuals, real-life corruption affects millions of people, leading
to economic inequality, social unrest, and a lack of trust in institutions. While ‘Revolution
2020’ provides a fictionalized portrayal of corruption, it effectively reflects many real-life
issues. The novel simplifies corruption by focusing on a few individuals, whereas in reality,
corruption is more widespread and complex. However, both the fictional and real-life
scenarios highlight the consequences of corruption on society, the struggle between morality
and ambition, and the need for reform. By comparing the two, we see how literature serves as
a mirror to reality, inspiring discussions about ethics and justice.

In ‘Revolution 2020,’ Gopal’s life is a poignant illustration of the darker side of the
Indian coaching industry and the education system. Gopal, who hails from a humble

19
background in Varanasi, dreams of achieving success and financial stability through
education. However, his journey is marred by the intense pressure and competition of
engineering entrance exams. His family’s financial struggles add to the burden, making
success in these exams a matter of survival. Gopal enrolls in a renowned coaching center,
where the commercialization of education is starkly evident. The coaching industry,
portrayed in the novel, prioritizes profit over students’ well-being. Coaching centers, like the
one Gopal attends, make grand promises of success but often subject students to grueling
schedules, immense pressure, and mental stress. Gopal’s experience highlights the emotional
and psychological toll on students, who are often reduced to mere numbers in the race for top
ranks.

As Gopal grapples with the intense pressure, he begins to see the unethical practices
within the coaching industry. These centres often engage in bribery, nepotism, and
manipulation to ensure their success rates remain high. Gopal, initially a victim of this
corrupt system, gradually becomes a part of it. His journey from an idealistic student to a
compromised individual reflects the pervasive influence of corruption and the moral
dilemmas faced by those within the system. Despite his efforts, Gopal fails to secure a high
rank in the entrance exams, leading to a sense of despair and hopelessness. This failure
pushes him further into the clutches of the corrupt system. He eventually becomes involved
in a scheme to open his engineering college, leveraging his connections and compromising
his values to achieve financial success. This transformation underscores the theme of how the
commercialization of education and the relentless pursuit of success can corrupt individuals
and perpetuate a cycle of exploitation.

Through Gopal’s story, ‘Revolution 2020’ critiques the coaching industry and the
broader education system in India. The novel emphasizes the need for systemic reforms to
create a more equitable and supportive environment for students. It also highlights the
importance of mental health and the devastating impact of intense academic pressure on
young minds. Gopal’s life serves as a microcosm of the struggles faced by countless students
in India, offering a compelling narrative that calls for change and introspection in the
education sector. His journey is a reminder of the urgent need to prioritize students’ well-
being over profit and to foster a more holistic approach to education.

20
 Chetan Bhagat’s Views on Corruption in ‘What Young India Wants’. Chetan
Bhagat’s ‘What Young India Wants’ is a thought-provoking non-fiction book that explores
the key challenges facing modern India, with corruption being one of its central themes. In
this collection of essays and speeches, Bhagat highlights how corruption has deeply
penetrated Indian society, affecting everything from politics and governance to education and
employment. He argues that corruption is not just limited to politicians and bureaucrats but is
a societal problem that involves both the people who take bribes and those who offer them.
One of Bhagat’s primary concerns is the way corruption has damaged India’s education
system. He points out that many private educational institutions function more like
businesses, focusing on profit rather than providing quality education. Students and their
families often have to pay hefty donations or bribes to secure admissions, making higher
education accessible mainly to the wealthy. This system, he argues, prevents true meritocracy
and discourages talented individuals from achieving their potential. Bhagat also discusses
political corruption, where leaders often prioritize their interests over the welfare of the
people. He criticizes how government projects, welfare schemes, and public funds are
frequently misused due to bribery and nepotism. According to him, corruption weakens
democracy by reducing public trust in institutions and discouraging young people from
participating in governance.

‘One reason for corruption is the government’s no-profits-allowed policy for private
institutes. Every educational institution has to be incorporated as a non-profit trust,
which leads to underhanded dealings.’-Chetan Bhagat

A major focus of ‘What Young India Wants’ is the role of youth in fighting
corruption. Bhagat believes that young Indians have the power to bring change if they
become more aware, demand transparency, and refuse to participate in corrupt practices. He
encourages them to vote wisely, question authority, and use social media as a tool to expose
corruption. He also emphasizes the need for systemic reforms, such as stricter laws, better
enforcement, and digital governance to reduce opportunities for corruption. Ultimately,
Bhagat presents corruption as a problem that requires both systemic changes and individual
accountability. He argues that while corruption has been a historical issue, it is not impossible
to defeat. If young Indians take responsibility and actively work toward a cleaner system, the
country can move toward a more just and prosperous future. Bhagat’s work serves as a

21
wake-up call, urging Indians—especially the youth—to rethink their role in shaping the
nation and fight against corruption at every level.

Revolution 2020 sheds light on the deep-rooted corruption in India’s education and
political systems. However, even after the book’s release, corruption remains a major issue in
many aspects of society. In recent years, there have been efforts to curb corruption through
digital governance, stricter laws, and public awareness. But challenges like political scams,
bribery, and favoritism still exist. The novel remains relevant because it reflects the struggles
of ordinary people trying to fight a corrupt system while making ethical choices in their
personal lives. Even after the book’s release, Bhagat has spoken about how corruption
remains a major problem in India. He believes that while some improvements have been
made, corruption has evolved—moving from blatant bribery to more subtle forms, such as
nepotism, favouritism, and misuse of power. In his columns and talks, Bhagat often
emphasizes that change must come from both the system and individuals. He encourages
young people to be more aware, vote wisely, and demand transparency. He also highlights
that education should not just be a business but a means to truly empower students.

Solutions & Reforms – Can We Overcome Corruption in the Indian Education

System? Corruption in the Indian education system is a deep-rooted issue that affects millions
of students every year. It takes many forms, including capitation fees, bribery in faculty
hiring, exam malpractices, and political interference in academic institutions. Chetan
Bhagat’s ‘Revolution 2020’ portrays these issues through the story of Gopal, a young man
who succumbs to corruption to achieve success, and Raghav, who fights against the system.
While the novel reflects the harsh realities of Indian education, it also raises an important
question: ‘Can we overcome corruption in education?’ To bring about meaningful change, a
combination of government policies, technology-driven reforms, social awareness, and
ethical education is necessary. Below are some potential solutions and reforms that can help
in reducing corruption in India’s education sector.

Government Policies & Reforms, the government plays a crucial role in curbing
corruption by implementing strict regulations and ensuring transparency in the education
system. Some key reforms include. Strict Regulation of Private Institutions, Many private
colleges operate as profit-making businesses rather than educational institutions. The
government should enforce strict monitoring of fee structures, prevent illegal capitation fees,

22
and ensure fair admissions. Transparent Admission Process, implementing a centralized,
merit-based admission system can eliminate the need for donations and favouritism.
Institutions should be required to publish their admission criteria and results publicly.
Strengthening Anti-corruption laws, strengthening laws like the Prevention of Corruption
Act, and imposing heavy penalties on those involved in bribery or fraudulent activities in
education can deter corruption. Accountability in Faculty Recruitment, Faculty hiring should
be based on merit and conducted through transparent selection processes rather than political
influence or bribery.

Role of Technology in Reducing Corruption, Technology can play a crucial role in

making the education system more transparent and reducing human interference in critical
areas such as admissions, exams, and faculty recruitment. Some technology-driven solutions
include. Digital Admissions & Online Counselling, implementing online admission systems
with automated selection processes can eliminate human interference and reduce favouritism
in admissions. AI-Based Examination & Grading Systems. Using artificial intelligence to
conduct and evaluate exams can reduce malpractices such as cheating and paper leaks. AI can
ensure that grading is done fairly without bias. Blockchain for Degree Verification, Fake
degrees, and forged certificates are a major issue in India. Blockchain technology can be used
to store academic records securely, making it impossible to manipulate certificates. E-
Governance for Fund Allocation, Government funds allocated for public education should be
monitored through e-governance platforms to prevent misuse by corrupt officials.

Social Awareness & Media’s Role, Corruption in education thrives when people
accept it as normal. Raising awareness about the impact of corruption and empowering
students and parents to speak up can bring change. Investigative Journalism, as seen in
‘Revolution 2020’, Raghav’s journalism plays a key role in exposing corruption.
Encouraging independent media to investigate corruption in education can put pressure on
authorities to take action. Whistle-blower Protection, many students and teachers hesitate to
report corruption due to fear of consequences. The government should implement strong
whistle-blower protection laws to encourage reporting of fraudulent activities. Public
Protests & Student Movements Historically, student movements have played a key role in
bringing educational reforms. Mobilizing student-led campaigns against unfair practices can
force institutions to adopt fair policies. Encouraging Ethical Education, Beyond legal and
technological solutions, the root cause of corruption in education must be addressed loss of

23
ethical values in society. A cultural shift is needed to instil integrity and honesty in students,
educators, and policymakers. Incorporating Ethics in Curriculum, Schools and colleges
should include courses on moral values, integrity, and ethical leadership to help students
develop a strong moral compass.

International Best Practices in Education, looking at successful models from other

countries can provide insights into how India can reduce corruption in education. Finland’s
Model: Finland’s education system is highly transparent, with no private schools or donation-
based admissions. Adopting similar policies in India’s public education sector could improve
fairness. Germany’s Free Higher Education: Making quality education affordable or free, as
seen in Germany, could reduce the influence of private institutions that exploit students
financially. Singapore’s Merit-Based System: Singapore has strict anti-corruption laws and a
highly merit-based education system. India could adopt similar policies for recruitment and
admissions. Corruption in education is a deep-rooted problem that requires a multi-faceted
approach to resolve. While government reforms and stricter regulations can bring immediate
improvements, long-term change will only happen when society shifts towards ethical
education and transparency. Technology, student activism, investigative journalism, and
strong legal frameworks can work together to create a corruption-free education system.

Chapter- III

24
 Catalysts of Change: Youth Empowerment and Social Transformation

‘Revolution 2020’ and the Crossroads of Youth: Choosing Between Surrender,

Struggle, and Silence. In every generation, young people face a choice—conform to the
system, challenge it, or remain passive spectators. Chetan Bhagat’s ‘Revolution 2020’ is
more than just a love story; it is a reflection of the struggles young people face in a corrupt
world. The novel presents three distinct paths through its characters: Gopal, the ambitious
dreamer who surrenders to corruption for personal gain. Raghav is a fearless rebel who fights
against injustice, no matter the cost. Aarti is the silent observer who hesitates to take a stand,
torn between comfort and responsibility. Their choices mirror real-life dilemmas. Today’s
youth must decide whether to submit to corruption like Gopal, fight for change like Raghav,
or remain undecided like Aarti. This decision shapes not only their future but also the destiny
of society.

Gopal: The Trapped Dreamer – When Society Forces Youth to Surrender. Gopal is
talented and hardworking, but poverty and an unfair system push him toward corruption. He
dreams of success but realizes that talent alone isn’t enough. The system rewards money and
influence, not merit. Instead of fighting, he chooses to adapt, believing that survival means
surrendering to the corrupt world. Real-Life Example: ‘The Vyapam Scam’ Gopal’s story is
a reflection of the Vyapam Scam in Madhya Pradesh, where thousands of students used
bribery to secure medical and engineering admissions. Many deserving candidates, just like
Gopal, were denied opportunities because they lacked money or connections. This scam
exposed how corruption in education forces students to compromise their values or give up
on their dreams. Other Real-Life Examples: Many young professionals face unethical
corporate practices but choose to stay silent to protect their jobs. In politics, talented
individuals struggle while ‘nepotism and bribery’ ensure that only the wealthy rise to power.

Gopal’s path shows the ‘danger of surrender’—while he gains money and status, he
loses his integrity and inner peace. His story is a warning: when youth stop believing in
change, corruption thrives.

Raghav: The Fearless Rebel – The Youth Who Fights for Change. Raghav refuses to
accept the system’s flaws. He chooses journalism over a stable engineering career, using his

25
voice to expose corruption. Despite financial struggles, political threats, and personal losses,
he never gives up. His story proves that one determined youth can shake the system. Real-
Life Example: Ravish Kumar (Journalist Fighting Corruption) Like Raghav, journalist
‘Ravish Kumar ‘has faced immense pressure for exposing corruption and political
manipulation. Despite threats and media suppression, he continues to speak truth to power.
His courage reflects the path of those who, like Raghav, risk everything to challenge the
status quo. Other Real-Life Examples: Afroz Shah (Environmentalist), Led the world’s
largest beach clean-up in Mumbai, proving that one person can inspire thousands. Malala
Yousafzai (Education Activist): Fought for girls’ education in Pakistan despite being shot by
extremists.

Raghav’s path is difficult—he loses financial stability and friends—but he earns

something greater: self-respect and the power to transform society.

Aarti: The Silent Observer – When Comfort Prevents Action. Aarti is privileged and
aware of corruption but avoids taking a stand. She represents youth who see injustice but
remain silent, fearing personal loss. Her indecisiveness leads to regret, showing how inaction
enables corruption. Real-Life Example: The Bystander Effect in Crimes Against Women.
The ‘2012 Nirbhaya gang rape case in Delhi’ exposed the horrifying reality of bystanders
who did nothing to help the victim. Many educated, capable individuals—just like Aarti—fail
to act because they fear involvement. This silence allows injustice to continue. Other Real-
Life Examples: Many young people refuse to vote or engage in politics, believing their
actions won’t make a difference. Social media users share fake news and hate speech without
questioning its truth, worsening societal divisions. Aarti’s story teaches that silence is as
dangerous as corruption itself. When youth choose comfort over responsibility, society
suffers.

Young Mavericks: Pioneers of Social Change, In the contemporary world, the role of
youth as agents of change is increasingly gaining recognition. Chetan Bhagat’s ‘Revolution
2020’ is a compelling narrative that showcases the potential of young mavericks in driving
social change. Set in the sacred city of Varanasi, the novel intricately weaves a tale of
ambition, corruption, and love, while reflecting the broader societal challenges that young
Indians face today. A Snapshot of the Novel’s Landscape. ‘Revolution 2020’ tells the story of
three childhood friends: Gopal, Raghav, and Aarti, each with distinct aspirations. Gopal, the

26
son of a poor farmer, dreams of escaping poverty and achieving success. Raghav, hailing
from a more privileged background, is passionate about journalism and aims to combat
corruption. Aarti, the charming and kind-hearted daughter of a District Magistrate, dreams of
becoming an air hostess. Their lives intertwine in a complex web of love, friendship, and
rivalry, set against the backdrop of the Indian education system and the pervasive corruption
within it.

The Struggle of Ambition and Integrity. The protagonist, Gopal Mishra, embodies the
inner conflict between ambition and integrity. Despite his academic failures, Gopal’s
determination to succeed leads him to establish a private engineering college with the
backing of corrupt politicians. His journey reflects the harsh realities faced by many young
Indians who are often forced to compromise their ethics to achieve their dreams. Gopal’s
story serves as a poignant reminder of the moral dilemmas that accompany the quest for
success in a society where corruption is deeply entrenched. Raghav’s Fight Against
Corruption In stark contrast to Gopal, Raghav epitomizes the idealistic youth who refuses to
succumb to corruption. His unwavering commitment to exposing societal injustices through
his newspaper, ‘Revolution 2020’ highlights the transformative power of journalism.
Raghav’s character is a beacon of hope, illustrating how integrity and perseverance can
challenge the status quo. His tireless efforts to bring about social change underscore the vital
role of young mavericks in advocating for transparency and accountability.

Aarti’s Influence and Personal Growth. Aarti’s character adds a nuanced layer to the
narrative, representing the choices and sacrifices women often make in pursuit of their
dreams. Her relationships with Gopal and Raghav highlight the emotional complexities and
personal growth that accompany the journey toward self-discovery. Aarti’s evolution from a
carefree girl to a woman torn between love and duty underscores the importance of personal
agency and the courage to make difficult decisions. The Broader Message: Education and
Social Change. ‘Revolution 2020’ delves deeply into the theme of education and its potential
to drive social change. The novel critiques the commercialization of education and the
corruption that plagues the system, highlighting the need for reform. It emphasizes that true
education extends beyond academic achievements, fostering critical thinking, ethical values,
and a sense of social responsibility. Gopal and Raghav’s divergent paths underscore the
impact of education on shaping one’s destiny and the broader implications for society.

27
 Relating Fiction to Reality. Bhagat’s novel is not just a work of fiction but a reflection
of real-world scenarios. The struggles faced by Gopal, Raghav, and Aarti resonate with the
experiences of many young Indians. Their stories mirror the challenges of navigating a
system rife with corruption, the importance of standing up for one’s beliefs, and the power of
resilience in the face of adversity. The novel serves as a call to action, urging young
mavericks to harness their potential and drive meaningful change in society. ‘Revolution
2020’ is a testament to the indomitable spirit of youth and their capacity to pioneer social
change. Through its vivid characters and compelling narrative, the novel underscores the
importance of integrity, education, and perseverance. It reminds us that the journey toward a
better society begins with individual choices and the courage to challenge the status quo.
Chetan Bhagat’s insightful portrayal of young mavericks serves as an inspiration for future
generations to strive for a more just and equitable world. The Resilience of Youth in the Face
of Adversity. The resilience exhibited by the characters in ‘Revolution 2020’ is a testament to
the unwavering spirit of young mavericks. Despite the numerous setbacks and challenges
they face, their determination to effect change remains steadfast. Gopal’s journey, marked by
his struggles with poverty and societal expectations, demonstrates the indomitable will to rise
above circumstances. Raghav’s relentless pursuit of truth, even when faced with threats and
obstacles, embodies the courage needed to stand up against corruption. Aarti’s inner conflict
and her ultimate choices reflect the strength required to navigate personal and societal
pressures. Together, their stories underscore the crucial role of resilience in driving social
change and the potential of the youth to overcome adversity and make a lasting impact.

Role of media and youth activism in ‘Revolution 2020’, In ‘Revolution 2020,’ Chetan
Bhagat intricately weaves the theme of media into the narrative, portraying it as a double-
edged sword that wields significant influence on society. The protagonist, Raghav, embodies
the power and potential of media as he transitions from an engineering student to a
determined journalist. Raghav’s character arc highlights the crucial role of media in exposing
corruption and advocating for social change. Through his newspaper, he courageously brings
to light the unethical practices within the education system and political sphere, challenging
the status quo and striving for transparency. This depiction underscores the media’s role as a
watchdog, holding those in power accountable and empowering the public with information.
However, Bhagat also delves into the darker aspects of media influence, illustrating its
capacity for manipulation and distortion. The novel showcases how biased reporting and
sensationalism can shape public perception, often serving the interests of powerful entities.

28
This duality is evident in the portrayal of various media outlets, some of which prioritize
sensational news over objective journalism. The novel thus raises critical questions about the
ethical responsibilities of journalists and the impact of media on societal narratives. Raghav’s
journey is not without challenges. His commitment to ethical journalism comes at a personal
cost, as he faces threats and obstacles from those he exposes. Despite this, his unwavering
dedication highlights the potential of media to drive positive change and inspire others to join
the fight against corruption. The novel illustrates how media can be a platform for
marginalized voices, offering a space for their stories to be heard and addressed. Raghav’s
efforts resonate with contemporary discussions about the role of media in fostering social
justice and combating systemic corruption.

In addition, the novel draws parallels between its fictional narrative and real-world
scenarios, emphasizing the pervasive influence of media in shaping political and social
discourses. Bhagat’s portrayal of media reflects the complexities and ethical dilemmas faced
by journalists today. Through ‘Revolution 2020,’ readers are encouraged to critically evaluate
the information they consume and consider the broader implications of media influence on
public opinion and societal progress. Overall, ‘Revolution 2020’ provides a nuanced
exploration of media’s dual role as both a beacon of truth and a potential instrument of
distortion. The novel underscores the need for a vigilant and informed public that holds
media accountable for its role in shaping societal narratives. Bhagat’s narrative serves as a
poignant reminder of the media’s profound impact on the course of individual lives and
collective progress, highlighting its power to both enlighten and deceive. The pivotal role of
media as a catalyst for societal change. The character Raghav, a passionate and idealistic
journalist, epitomizes the power of media to expose corruption and advocate for justice.
Raghav’s journey is marked by his unwavering commitment to uncovering the truth and
holding those in power accountable. Through his investigative reporting, he brings to light
the systemic corruption that pervades the education system and political landscape. Raghav’s
dedication to his profession highlights the essential function of a free and independent press
in a democratic society. The novel demonstrates how media can serve as a watchdog,
challenging the status quo and pushing for transparency and accountability. Bhagat’s
portrayal of Raghav’s efforts emphasizes the impact that determined and ethical journalism
can have in driving societal transformation and inspiring others to take action.

29
 In ‘Revolution 2020’ by Chetan Bhagat, youth activism serves as a central theme,
showcasing the immense potential of young individuals to instigate societal change. The
novel focuses on the lives of three friends—Gopal, Raghav, and Aarti—and highlights the
role of Raghav in particular as a beacon of youthful idealism and activism. Initially, Raghav
was an engineering student with conventional aspirations, but his encounters with corruption
and injustice led him to pursue a career in journalism. Through his newspaper, Raghav
becomes a relentless crusader against corruption, using his platform to expose unethical
practices within the educational and political systems. Raghav’s journey underscores the
transformative power of youth activism. By leveraging the reach and influence of the media,
he mobilizes fellow students and the broader youth community to challenge the status quo
and fight for transparency and justice. His efforts demonstrate the critical role of young
people in advocating for social reform and holding those in power accountable. Despite
facing significant obstacles, including threats and resistance from corrupt entities, Raghav
remains steadfast in his commitment to ethical journalism and social change. This resilience
and determination highlight the unique strengths of youth activism in driving societal
progress.

In ‘Revolution 2020’ by Chetan Bhagat, the intertwined roles of media and youth
activism create a compelling narrative that not only entertains but also provokes thought
about the power dynamics in society. The media in the novel is depicted as a double-edged
sword, capable of both exposing corruption and manipulating public perception. Raghav, a
pivotal character, epitomizes the transformative power of media. His transition from an
engineering student to a journalist is driven by his desire to fight against the deep-rooted
corruption in the educational and political systems. Through his newspaper, he sheds light on
unethical practices, mobilizing the youth to demand transparency and justice. This depiction
underscores the media’s role as a watchdog, fostering societal reform and empowering the
public with vital information. Youth activism, as portrayed through Raghav’s journey,
highlights the indomitable spirit of young individuals who refuse to be passive bystanders.
His commitment to ethical journalism, despite facing threats and obstacles, illustrates the
resilience and determination inherent in youth activism. Raghav’s efforts to rally fellow
students and the broader youth community underscore the critical role young people play in
driving societal change. The novel resonates with the contemporary landscape, where youth-
led movements are increasingly at the forefront of social and political change globally.
However, Bhagat also delves into the darker aspects of media influence, depicting its

30
capacity for manipulation and distortion. The novel illustrates how biased reporting and
sensationalism can shape public perception, often serving the interests of powerful entities.
This duality of media, as both a beacon of truth and a potential instrument of deception, is a
recurring theme in the novel, reflecting real-world complexities. Raghav navigates these
ethical dilemmas, striving to maintain his integrity while using the media as a tool for
empowerment.

By juxtaposing the positive and negative impacts of media and youth activism,
‘Revolution 2020’ offers a nuanced perspective on their roles in societal change. Bhagat’s
narrative encourages readers to critically evaluate the information they consume and consider
the broader implications of media influence on public opinion and societal progress. The
novel highlights the energy, passion, and potential of young individuals to shape the future,
serving as a poignant reminder of the enduring impact of their activism on society.

Chetan Bhagat explores the intertwined roles of media and youth activism through a
lens that reflects his concerns about contemporary Indian society. From Bhagat’s perspective,
the media is both a powerful tool for exposing corruption and a potential instrument of
manipulation. His character, Raghav, epitomizes the transformative power of media as he
transitions from an engineering student to a dedicated journalist. Bhagat uses Raghav’s
journey to highlight the importance of ethical journalism and the crucial role of media in
fostering transparency and accountability. At the same time, Bhagat delves into the darker
side of media influence, showcasing how biased reporting and sensationalism can distort
public perception and serve the interests of powerful entities. Youth activism, in Bhagat’s
narrative, is portrayed as a beacon of hope and resilience. Through Raghav’s unwavering
commitment to fighting corruption and advocating for social justice, Bhagat emphasizes the
potential of young individuals to drive significant change. He presents youth activism as a
force that challenges the status quo and brings fresh energy to the fight against systemic
issues. Bhagat’s portrayal of Raghav’s efforts and the broader youth movement underscores
the need for a vigilant and informed public that supports young activists in their quest for a
more just and equitable society. The novel ultimately serves as a call to action, encouraging
readers to critically evaluate media influence and recognize the enduring impact of youth
activism on societal progress.

31
 Symbolize the Raghav’s newspaper ‘Revolution 2020’. Overall, ‘Revolution 2020’
provides a comprehensive exploration of media’s dual role and the transformative power of
youth activism. The novel underscores the need for a vigilant and informed public that holds
media accountable and supports the efforts of young activists in creating a more just and
equitable society. Intersection of Media and Youth Activism. The intersection of media and
youth activism is a powerful theme in ‘Revolution 2020’. Raghav’s journey as a journalist
and activist demonstrates how media can be a potent tool for youth to voice their concerns
and mobilize others.

Media as a Tool for Activism, Raghav’s use of journalism as a form of activism

underscores the potential of media to drive social change. Through his articles, he raises
awareness about corruption, educates the public, and advocates for systemic reforms. The
novel highlights the synergy between media and activism, showcasing how they can work
together to create lasting impact. Raising Awareness, Media catalyzes raising awareness
about social issues. Raghav’s articles bring attention to the corrupt practices in the education
sector, prompting public discourse and demanding accountability. The novel illustrates how
media can be instrumental in educating the public and fostering a culture of activism.
Organizing Protests and Campaigns, Media platforms provide youth activists with the means
to organize protests and campaigns. Raghav’s work as a journalist not only informs the public
but also mobilizes them to take action. The novel portrays the dynamic relationship between
media and youth activism, emphasizing their collective power to drive social and political
change.

Raghav chose the name ‘Revolution 2020’ for his newspaper because it reflected his
deep desire for change and reform in society. He believed that the country needed a
revolution to break free from corruption and injustice. The year 2020 symbolized a vision for
the future, a time when he hoped India would be free from the deep-rooted problems plaguing
its system. Through his newspaper, he aimed to expose the flaws in governance, education,
and politics, raising awareness among people who had become indifferent to the wrongdoings
around them.
Raghav had always been passionate about fighting corruption. He saw the education system
as one of the biggest areas of concern, where money and influence dictated success rather
than merit and hard work. He was frustrated by how coaching institutes, bribery, and
nepotism determined the fate of students instead of their talent and effort. Having witnessed

32
first-hand how politicians and businessmen manipulated institutions for their benefit, he felt
an urgent need to challenge the system. His newspaper was his tool to give voice to those
who suffered in silence.

The word ‘Revolution’ in the title signified his determination to bring radical change.
He wanted to shake the foundations of a society that had accepted corruption as a norm. He
did not believe in passive resistance but in actively exposing and challenging the forces
responsible for injustice. The addition of 2020 gave his mission a timeline, a vision of the
future where his efforts would bear fruit. It was not just about exposing problems but about
inspiring the youth to take action. Raghav was deeply influenced by the struggles of ordinary
people. He saw how hardworking students were denied opportunities due to unfair practices.
He met families whose dreams were shattered by corrupt officials demanding bribes for jobs
and admissions. These experiences strengthened his resolve to create a platform that would
highlight such issues. He was not afraid of confronting powerful figures because he believed
truth had the power to bring change.

Through ‘Revolution 2020’, he aimed to challenge not only politicians and

bureaucrats but also the mindset of people who had given up on the idea of change. He
wanted to ignite hope among the youth, making them realize that they had the power to
demand a better system. He understood that revolutions did not happen overnight but
required continuous effort and courage. His newspaper was his way of contributing to this
fight. Raghav’s decision to start this newspaper was also personal. He had seen his friends
suffer due to the corrupt system, and he felt responsible for doing something about it. Unlike
those who accepted things as they were, he wanted to be an agent of transformation. He knew
it was risky to challenge powerful people, but he was ready to face the consequences. He
believed that true change required sacrifice.

The newspaper became a platform for exposing scams, unethical practices, and
hidden truths that mainstream media often ignored. Raghav ensured that every report was
backed by facts and evidence, making it difficult for those in power to dismiss or suppress the
truth. He encouraged investigative journalism, urging young writers to uncover realities that
were often buried under political influence. Despite facing opposition, threats, and financial
struggles, Raghav remained determined. He refused to let fear dictate his actions. His vision
for ‘Revolution 2020’ was not just about criticism but also about finding solutions. He

33
wanted people to think, question, and demand accountability from those in power. He
believed that if the youth united with a common goal, they could bring about real change.

In the end, ‘Revolution 2020’ was more than just a newspaper. It was a movement, a
symbol of resistance against corruption and injustice. Raghav’s choice of this name reflected
his belief that the future belonged to those who dared to challenge the status quo. His
newspaper was his way of contributing to a better tomorrow, hoping that by the year 2020, a
real revolution would have begun.

Will Raghav Remain True to His Principles, or Will the System Change Him? At the
end of ‘Revolution 2020’, Raghav achieves his dream of entering politics after years of
fighting corruption through journalism. However, politics is a different battlefield, and the
question arises—can he continue to uphold his ideals, or will the system eventually corrupt
him as it did with so many before him? Raghav’s Idealism: A Strong Foundation Raghav
begins as a passionate and fearless journalist who believes in exposing corruption and
fighting for justice. His newspaper, ‘Revolution 2020’, is not just a publication but a symbol
of resistance. Unlike Gopal, who succumbs to the system, Raghav refuses to compromise his
integrity, even when faced with financial struggles and political threats. This suggests that his
core beliefs are strong and that he truly wants to bring change. However, history has shown
that idealists who enter politics often face challenges that test their principles. The same
system that Raghav fought against will now surround him. He will need allies, funding, and
influence to survive in the political world. The real question is: can he fight from within
without losing himself?

The Harsh Reality of Politics. Politics is not just about good intentions—it requires
strategy, negotiation, and sometimes, difficult compromises. Many leaders who start with
noble goals find themselves forced to make deals, overlook certain corrupt practices, or
adjust their ideals for ‘the greater good.’ Raghav may find himself facing several dilemmas:
Financial Pressure– Running political campaigns requires money. If he struggles to raise
funds through honest means, will he accept support from wealthy businessmen with hidden
agendas? Power Struggles – Political opponents might try to block his reforms, forcing him
to either fight aggressively or make compromises to stay in the game. Public Expectations vs.
Political Reality – The public may demand quick changes, but the system does not change
overnight. Will he be patient, or will frustration push him to take shortcuts?

34
 Will He End Up Like Gopal? Gopal’s journey in the novel shows how the system can
absorb even those who initially resist it. He begins as an innocent victim of corruption but
eventually embraces it to achieve success. If Raghav starts making small compromises, will
he justify them as necessary sacrifices, just as Gopal did? However, there is a key difference
—Gopal knowingly participated in corruption for personal gain, while Raghav’s motivations
are for the greater good. This might help him resist complete moral downfall. Can He Be the
Leader the Youth Need? For Raghav to remain true to his principles, he will need to be
extremely careful in choosing his battles, allies, and strategies. If he continues to use media as
his tool for awareness and fights against corruption from within, he might still lead the
revolution he once dreamed of. However, if the system forces him to compromise too much,
he risks becoming just another politician. In the end, ‘Revolution 2020’ leaves this question
unanswered, allowing readers to decide: ‘Can Raghav truly change the system, or will the
system change him?’.

CHAPTER - IV
CRITICAL EVALUATION

35
 One of the novel’s strengths is its accessibility. Bhagat’s simple, conversational
writing style makes the story engaging and easy to read, appealing to a wide audience,
especially young readers. The theme of systemic corruption in education is highly relevant, as
it reflects the real-life challenges students face in India. The protagonist, Gopal, embodies the
struggles of many students who are unable to secure admission to prestigious institutions
despite their efforts, pushing them toward unethical means to succeed. Raghav, in contrast,
represents the idealistic reformer who fights against corruption, adding depth to the moral
conflicts within the story. However, the novel also has significant shortcomings. The
character development, particularly of Aarti, is weak and often one-dimensional. She is
portrayed as indecisive and passive, primarily existing to serve as the love interest for both
Gopal and Raghav. This reinforces stereotypical portrayals of female characters in popular
Indian fiction, where their narratives often revolve around the male protagonists.

Moreover, while Bhagat attempts to critique corruption, the novel ultimately

oversimplifies the complexities of moral choices. Gopal’s transition into corruption is
portrayed as a product of circumstance rather than conscious agency, which dilutes the
gravity of his moral downfall. Raghav, on the other hand, is shown as too idealistic, almost to
the point of being unrealistic, making his character less relatable. Another critical aspect is
the book’s predictable plot. The love triangle feels clichéd, and the resolution lacks the
impact necessary for a truly thought-provoking ending. The novel focuses more on personal
dilemmas rather than offering an in-depth exploration of the systemic issues it initially sets
out to critique.

In my perspective, Revolution 2020 is an entertaining read with a socially relevant

premise but falls short of delivering a deep and nuanced critique of corruption and the
education system. It raises important issues but does not explore them with the depth they
deserve. While it succeeds as a commercial novel, it leaves much to be desired in terms of
literary and thematic depth. For readers seeking a thought-provoking analysis of systemic
failures, the novel serves as a surface-level introduction rather than a profound exploration.

Critique of Characters in Revolution 2020 by Chetan Bhagat. Chetan Bhagat’s novel

Revolution 2020 revolves around the lives of three primary characters—Gopal, Raghav, and
Aarti—set against the backdrop of the flawed Indian education system and corruption. The
novel explores love, ambition, betrayal, and moral dilemmas, making the characters both

36
relatable and controversial. This critique examines their personalities, actions, and overall
impact on the narrative.

Gopal Mishra, the primary narrator, represents a conflicted individual struggling

between ethical integrity and material success. Coming from a financially unstable
background, he aspires to achieve wealth and power, which ultimately leads him to
corruption. His character is deeply flawed, yet relatable, as he reflects the desperation of
many Indian youth facing systemic inequalities. Gopal’s resilience in overcoming financial
struggles showcases his determination, and his vulnerability and self-awareness make him a
compelling protagonist. He is pragmatic and adapts to challenges, even though he chooses
morally questionable paths. However, he lacks strong moral conviction and succumbs to
corruption without much resistance. His self-pity and obsession with Aarti make him
emotionally weak and manipulative. Despite achieving financial success, he remains
unfulfilled, highlighting his poor life choices. Gopal’s character serves as a critique of a
corrupt society where people believe that wealth and power define success. He ultimately
sacrifices his love for Aarti, demonstrating a tragic yet redeeming aspect of his personality.

Raghav Kashyap, in contrast to Gopal, is an idealist who wants to bring change

through journalism. He represents the power of knowledge, passion, and integrity in a corrupt
society. However, his unwavering principles make him somewhat rigid and disconnected
from practical challenges. He embodies idealism, courage, and determination to fight against
corruption, and his intellect and passion for journalism position him as a change-maker.
Unlike Gopal, Raghav remains true to his values despite struggles. However, his strong-
willed nature sometimes makes him ignorant of emotional nuances, especially in his
relationship with Aarti. He fails to balance his personal and professional life, causing strain in
his love life. His idealism blinds him to practical constraints, which weakens his effectiveness
as an agent of change. While Raghav’s character is inspiring, his struggle emphasizes the
reality that idealism alone may not always lead to success in a corrupt system. His failure to
maintain his relationship with Aarti also portrays his inability to compromise in personal
matters.

Aarti Pratap Pradhan serves as the love interest of both Gopal and Raghav, making
her the central emotional pivot in the novel. She is depicted as beautiful, charming, and
ambitious but also indecisive and emotionally weak. She is compassionate and caring, which

37
makes her likable, and she supports both Gopal and Raghav in different ways, showing her
empathy. She dreams of becoming an air hostess, portraying a modern, independent woman’s
aspirations. However, her indecisiveness makes her a frustrating character; she strings along
both men without making firm choices. She fails to take a stand in crucial moments, making
her seem passive. Her betrayal of Raghav for Gopal and then her regret later show her
emotional instability. Aarti’s character symbolizes the confusion of young individuals caught
between love, ambition, and societal expectations. Her actions lead to emotional turmoil for
both male protagonists, reinforcing her role as a catalyst in the story rather than a strong,
independent character.

Shukla Ji is a politician who plays a significant role in Gopal’s transformation. He is a

powerful yet corrupt figure, representing the deep-rooted political corruption in India. He
mentors Gopal in the ways of manipulation and unethical business practices, ultimately
helping him establish the Ganga Tech College. Shukla Ji’s character serves as a
representation of the nexus between politics, education, and corruption, where power and
money dictate success. His influence on Gopal reinforces the theme that corruption is often
the easier path to success in a flawed system.

Revolution 2020 presents three characters with distinct yet flawed personalities that
mirror the conflicts between corruption and idealism, love and ambition, and personal desires
versus societal expectations. Gopal’s transformation from an innocent student to a corrupt
businessman reflects society’s harsh realities. Raghav’s struggles highlight the challenges of
fighting corruption with idealism. Aarti’s indecisiveness makes her a symbol of emotional
conflicts faced by many young people. While the novel succeeds in presenting realistic
characters, it also exposes their weaknesses, making them subjects of both empathy and
criticism. Through these characters, Chetan Bhagat effectively critiques societal flaws,
leaving readers to ponder the true meaning of success and happiness.

Chetan Bhagat’s Revolution 2020 is a novel that explores themes of love, corruption,
ambition, and the flaws of India’s education system. The book has received mixed reviews
from critics and readers alike. While some appreciate its engaging narrative and relatable
characters, others criticize its predictability, weak character development, and moral
ambiguity. The novel’s exploration of systemic flaws in education and governance makes it
an important, if controversial, work in modern Indian literature.

38
 Bhagat’s novel is set in the city of Varanasi and follows the intertwined lives of three
young individuals: Gopal, Aarti, and Raghav. Gopal, the son of a poor farmer, struggles with
academic failures and financial hardships, which push him toward corruption in his pursuit of
success. Raghav, in contrast, is an idealistic and intelligent young man who refuses to
conform to the corrupt system and instead pursues journalism as a means of bringing change.
Aarti, caught between these two men, represents the moral and emotional dilemmas many
young individuals face when making life choices. The novel, therefore, acts as a mirror to
modern Indian society, where ambition often clashes with ethics, and where love and success
are not always aligned.

One of the key strengths of Revolution 2020 is its attempt to highlight systemic
corruption within India’s education system. Bhagat presents an insightful look into how
education, which should be a tool for empowerment, has instead become a business for profit.
He captures the struggles of students who are caught in the cycle of unfair admission
processes, high tuition fees, and societal pressure to secure high-paying jobs. The protagonist,
Gopal, serves as a representation of many students who, despite their hard work, find
themselves at the mercy of a corrupt system. His experiences with coaching centres,
donation-based admissions, and the stress of competitive exams highlight the harsh realities
of India’s education sector.

Bhagat’s accessible writing style is another major advantage of the novel. His simple
and conversational prose ensures that even readers who are not habitual book lovers can
connect with the story. The informal and engaging nature of his writing makes it easy for
young readers to digest complex social issues without feeling overwhelmed. Many critics
acknowledge that despite its flaws, the book raises important questions about the
commercialization of education in India, which is a growing concern among students and
parents alike.

‘Bhagat has an undeniable knack for storytelling, and Revolution 2020 is a page-
turner that keeps readers engaged from start to finish.’ – The Times of India

The novel’s narrative is driven by three main characters—Gopal, Aarti, and Raghav—
who represent contrasting perspectives on ambition, success, and moral choices. Gopal, who

39
hails from a financially disadvantaged background, struggles to find a way to rise above his
circumstances. He embodies the desperation and helplessness many students feel when faced
with limited opportunities and an education system that favors those who can afford private
coaching and high bribes. His transformation from an innocent student to a morally
compromised businessman reflects the pressures that push many young individuals into
unethical decisions. Raghav, on the other hand, is the idealist in the story. He secures
admission to a prestigious engineering college but chooses journalism as his career, believing
in using the power of the media to fight corruption. He represents the small but significant
section of society that refuses to compromise on values despite facing challenges. His
character highlights the struggles faced by honest individuals who try to bring about change
but are often obstructed by the very system they aim to reform.

Aarti, the female lead, finds herself torn between love, ambition, and societal
expectations. She struggles with making personal choices while navigating a world that often
limits women to specific roles. Her dilemmas reflect the real-life challenges of many young
women who are caught between tradition and modern aspirations. Her relationship with both
Gopal and Raghav serves as a subplot that adds emotional depth to the novel, making it more
than just a social commentary on corruption.

‘The struggles of Gopal, Aarti, and Raghav reflect the dilemmas faced by thousands
of students in India, making the book relatable to its target audience.’ – Hindustan
Times

Beyond just a love triangle, Bhagat successfully builds emotional depth into the story.
The interactions between Gopal, Aarti, and Raghav are filled with internal conflicts,
insecurities, and the realities of choosing between personal happiness and moral integrity.
The novel’s fast-paced storytelling ensures that readers remain engaged, while the emotional
weight of the characters’ struggles makes them relatable to a young audience. Many readers
connect with the novel because it captures their frustrations with the rigid education system
and the limited career options available to them. The emotional conflicts within the love
triangle further amplify the book’s appeal, as many young readers resonate with themes of
unrequited love, heartbreak, and the sacrifices one must make for ambition and success.

40
 One of the most debated aspects of Revolution 2020 is its handling of moral
ambiguity, particularly concerning corruption and ethical choices. The novel presents a
protagonist, Gopal, who, despite being aware of the wrongfulness of his actions, chooses the
path of corruption to achieve success. Rather than presenting a clear moral stance against
corruption, the novel takes a more sympathetic approach toward Gopal’s decisions, which
some readers and critics find problematic.

Gopal’s story arc, which traces his journey from a poor, struggling student to a
wealthy but morally compromised businessman, is portrayed in a way that makes him appear
as a victim of circumstance rather than an active participant in corruption. His descent into
unethical practices is shown as a result of societal pressure, personal struggles, and a
desperate need to succeed in an unfair system. While this depiction makes him a relatable
character to some extent, it also raises concerns about the novel’s overall message regarding
corruption. Instead of outright condemning his choices, Bhagat presents them as an inevitable
consequence of the flawed education and social system, leading to an ambiguous moral
lesson.

Some critics argue that by not taking a firm stance against corruption, the novel ends
up normalizing it. Readers may interpret Gopal’s actions as justified or necessary rather than
as a serious ethical failure. His success, despite being built on dishonesty and manipulation, is
not met with significant repercussions, which could send a misleading message—suggesting
that corruption is excusable when circumstances are unfavorable.

‘The novel fails to take a firm stance on corruption, leaving readers confused about its
intended message.’ – Deccan Chronicle

Another significant critique of the novel is its representation of gender, particularly in

the characterization of Aarti, the female lead. Throughout Revolution 2020, Aarti’s decisions
and actions are largely influenced by the men around her, rather than being driven by her
ambitions or independent choices. She oscillates between Gopal and Raghav, seemingly
unable to make a firm decision about her love life, which reduces her character to merely a
love interest rather than a fully developed individual with her own goals and aspirations.

41
 Aarti is portrayed as a modern, well-educated woman, yet her character lacks depth
when it comes to her agency. She does not take strong stances in her relationships or in her
own life, often avoiding difficult choices. Critics have pointed out that she embodies a
stereotypical role where a woman is primarily defined by her relationships with men rather
than her personal growth or career ambitions. Unlike Raghav, who is passionate about
journalism, or Gopal, who is determined to rise above poverty, Aarti does not have a strong
professional aspiration. Her character revolves around the men in her life, making her a
passive presence in the novel rather than an active force driving her destiny.

This portrayal has been criticized as a reflection of Bhagat’s tendency to write female
characters in a limited and one-dimensional way. Many of his previous works have also been
called out for depicting women primarily as love interests rather than as independent
individuals with their complexities and ambitions. Feminist critics argue that Aarti’s
character could have been developed more meaningfully, showing her as someone with clear
personal goals and a stronger sense of agency, rather than someone who is constantly caught
in a web of emotional indecisiveness.

‘Aarti is yet another one-dimensional female character in Bhagat’s novels, serving

more as an object of affection than as an individual with her ambitions.’ – Feminism
in India

This aspect of the novel has sparked discussions on gender representation in popular
fiction. While Revolution 2020 does highlight important social issues, it fails to provide a
progressive or empowering depiction of its female lead. The novel could have benefited from
giving Aarti a stronger role, perhaps by allowing her to break free from the love triangle
narrative and pursue her ambitions independently. Ultimately, the issues of moral ambiguity
and gender representation in Revolution 2020 contribute to the mixed reception of the novel.
While some readers appreciate its realistic take on human flaws and societal pressures, others
feel that it misses the opportunity to present a clearer ethical message and a more balanced
gender dynamic.

Chetan Bhagat is one of India’s most commercially successful authors, known for his
simple and relatable storytelling. However, despite his widespread popularity, he has been

42
frequently criticized for the lack of literary depth, stereotypical characters, and formulaic
storytelling in his novels. While his works have undeniably made reading more accessible to
the Indian youth, critics argue that they fail to offer the richness and intellectual engagement
expected from serious literature.

Simplistic Writing and Lack of Literary Craftsmanship, one of the most common
criticisms of Bhagat’s writing is its overly simplistic language and weak narrative structure.
His prose is often described as plain, unpolished, and lacking in literary finesse. Unlike
contemporary Indian authors such as Arundhati Roy, Amitav Ghosh, and Vikram Seth, who
craft intricate and poetic prose, Bhagat writes in a conversational, almost SMS-style format.
His sentences are short, his descriptions minimal, and his storytelling relies heavily on
dialogue rather than evocative imagery or deep introspection.

‘Bhagat’s novels read like a collection of WhatsApp messages strung together into a
plot.’ – The Hindu

While this simplicity makes his books widely accessible, it also limits their literary
merit. Critics argue that his works lack depth, nuance, and stylistic sophistication, making
them fast-food fiction—easily consumed but ultimately forgettable. Shallow Themes and
Surface-Level Exploration. Bhagat’s books often touch on relevant social issues, such as
education pressure (Five Point Someone), corruption (Revolution 2020), gender dynamics
(One Indian Girl), and inter-caste relationships (2 States). However, these themes are
frequently treated superficially, without deep exploration or meaningful resolution. His
narratives tend to focus more on romantic drama rather than engaging with these social issues
in a thought-provoking or intellectually challenging way.

‘Chetan Bhagat claims to address social issues, but his books rarely go beyond the
surface. They are entertaining but lack the depth required for meaningful discourse.’ –
The Indian Express

Unlike Bhagat, authors such as Arundhati Roy and Amitav Ghosh tackle social and
political issues with depth and complexity. Roy’s The God of Small Things explores caste
and gender oppression with poetic intensity, while Ghosh’s Sea of Poppies intricately weaves
history and colonialism into its narrative. Bhagat’s books, in contrast, prioritize entertainment

43
over intellectual depth, making them enjoyable but not intellectually stimulating.
Stereotypical and Underdeveloped Characters. Another significant critique of Bhagat’s
novels is the one-dimensional nature of his characters, particularly his portrayal of women.
Many of his female protagonists are shallow, exist primarily as love interests, and lack
independent ambitions. Aarti in Revolution 2020 and Riya in Half Girlfriend are prime
examples of female characters who are defined by their relationships with the male
protagonist rather than their personal growth.

Bhagat’s women are either the perfect ‘Indian wife’ or the unattainable ‘modern girl,’
but never real, complex individuals. – Feminism in India

His male protagonists also tend to follow predictable arcs: a middle-class, underdog
hero struggling with love and career, who eventually triumphs despite personal and societal
challenges. This repetitive formula makes his storytelling highly predictable and lacking in
originality. Chetan Bhagat’s immense influence, particularly in Bollywood, stems from his
ability to craft relatable, fast-paced, and emotionally engaging stories that resonate with
India’s youth and middle-class audiences. His novels are simple yet dramatic, filled with
themes of love, career struggles, societal pressures, and ambition—elements that align
perfectly with Bollywood’s storytelling style. This unique blend of mass appeal and
emotional depth makes his books ideal for film adaptations, as they offer strong narratives,
likable characters, and dramatic conflicts, ensuring a ready-made audience for the big screen.

One major reason for Bhagat’s Bollywood success is his cinematic writing style. His
books are structured like movie scripts, with short chapters, crisp dialogues, and clear-cut
emotional highs and lows—similar to a Bollywood screenplay. Many of his novels, such as
Five Point Someone (3 Idiots), 2 States, Half Girlfriend, and The Three Mistakes of My Life
(Kai Po Che!), have been adapted into commercially successful films. His ability to capture
the aspirations and struggles of young India makes his stories relatable to a broad audience, a
crucial factor in Bollywood’s mass appeal. Additionally, Bhagat’s background as a columnist
and media personality has kept him in the limelight, further cementing his connection with
Bollywood. He actively engages with pop culture, frequently appearing on television debates,
writing opinion pieces, and interacting with fans on social media. This media presence makes
him more than just a writer—he is a public figure, whose influence extends beyond literature
into mainstream entertainment.

44
 Another key factor is Bollywood’s need for bankable stories. The Indian film industry
often looks for tested narratives that already have an audience, reducing financial risks.
Bhagat’s books, with their proven popularity, provide ready-made content that filmmakers
can adapt with confidence. His works also focus on youth-centric themes, a demographic that
Bollywood actively targets. Whether it’s college romance (2 States), personal struggles
against the system (3 Idiots), or the ambition to succeed (Revolution 2020), his stories reflect
the dreams and dilemmas of young Indians, making them ideal for the silver screen.
Ultimately, Bhagat’s influence on Bollywood is a result of his accessible storytelling, deep
understanding of youth aspirations, and ability to blend entertainment with social themes. His
works have not only shaped popular fiction but have also transformed the way literature and
cinema interact in modern India.

Chetan Bhagat has played a significant role in shaping the landscape of contemporary
Indian writing, influencing a new generation of writers in multiple ways. One of his biggest
contributions is making English-language fiction accessible to the masses. His simple,
conversational style encouraged many first-time readers, particularly from non-English-
speaking backgrounds, to engage with English books, bridging the gap between regional and
English literature. Before Bhagat, reading was often seen as an intellectual hobby, but his
relatable themes and youth-centric narratives made reading fashionable among college
students and young professionals. His debut novel, Five Point Someone, pioneered the trend
of campus novels in India, leading to an explosion of books centred around student life in
IITs, IIMs, and engineering colleges. Additionally, his commercial success inspired a shift in
how literary success is perceived in India. While earlier authors aspired for literary awards,
Bhagat proved that bestsellers could be as influential, redefining success for modern writers.

‘Don’t be serious, be sincere.’ – Chetan Bhagat

Beyond traditional publishing, Bhagat also influenced the rise of self-publishing and
digital storytelling. His journey motivated many young authors to explore alternative
publishing methods such as Kindle Direct Publishing (KDP) and Wattpad, making it easier
for new voices to reach wider audiences. Moreover, his storytelling approach—short
chapters, easy language, and Bollywood-style drama—became a model for authors aiming to
reach Indian readers worldwide. His influence also extends beyond literature; his transition

45
from novelist to columnist and motivational speaker showed that authors can expand their
careers into media, public speaking, and social commentary. Another key aspect of Bhagat’s
impact is his formulaic storytelling, which blends love, ambition, social struggles, and
humour. This structured approach made it easier for aspiring authors to craft stories with
mass appeal. Furthermore, Bhagat proved that a literary background is not a prerequisite for
becoming a successful writer, motivating professionals from diverse fields, such as engineers,
doctors, and entrepreneurs, to write fiction.

His books also popularized the integration of pop culture, Bollywood references, and
social media trends into novels, making contemporary Indian fiction feel more relatable and
modern. This shift has encouraged many authors to write in a similarly engaging, fast-paced
style that appeals to a wide audience. Ultimately, Bhagat’s impact on future writers is
undeniable—he democratized Indian fiction, inspired many new authors, and proved that
stories do not need to be complex to be powerful. His contribution lies not just in what he
wrote but in how he changed the way Indian readers and writers approach literature.

Chetan Bhagat’s novels have had a significant impact on Indian society, particularly
by bringing to light issues that resonate with young readers. While his stories are often
labelled as light fiction, they have undeniably influenced discussions around education,
relationships, gender roles, corruption, and career struggles. His themes, though simple, have
sparked debates and encouraged self-reflection among the youth, making them question
societal norms and expectations. One of the most profound societal changes influenced by
Bhagat’s books is the perception of education and success. Five Point Someone challenged
the traditional notion that academic excellence is the only path to success. By depicting
students who struggled with the rigid Indian education system, Bhagat gave voice to
countless students who felt trapped in an exam-oriented culture. This theme resonated so
strongly that it even influenced the blockbuster movie 3 Idiots, which further emphasized the
flaws in India’s academic pressure-driven environment.

Similarly, Revolution 2020 tackled corruption in the education system, a reality many
students and parents face. By portraying how private colleges exploit students and how
unethical means often lead to success, the novel sheds light on an uncomfortable truth in

46
India’s competitive academic and job market. While it didn’t offer solutions, it certainly
made young readers more aware of these issues.

In terms of relationships and marriage, Bhagat’s 2 States played a role in normalizing

inter-caste and inter-religion marriages. The novel, based on Bhagat’s real-life experience,
portrays the struggles of a couple trying to gain acceptance from their families. Given India’s
deep-rooted societal emphasis on arranged marriages and cultural compatibility, this story
helped start conversations about breaking rigid social barriers. Bhagat has also contributed to
discussions on gender equality through novels like One Indian Girl, which focuses on a
successful woman navigating societal expectations about marriage, career, and personal
choices. Though criticized for its execution, the book still highlighted the double standards
women face, bringing these topics into mainstream discussions. His books have not directly
changed society, but they have certainly mirrored its struggles and fuelled important
conversations. By making these issues accessible to a wider audience, Bhagat has played a
role in shaping modern perspectives on education, career, love, and gender roles, influencing
how young Indians think about their own lives and choices.

‘I write about the India I see around me. I don’t write about the India that exists in
textbooks.’- Chetan Bhagat

CHAPTER - V
SUMMATION

47
 Literature has always been a powerful tool for reflecting reality, exposing hidden
truths, and inspiring social change. It is not merely about storytelling but about revealing the
complexities of human nature and society. Across centuries, writers have used literature to
criticize corruption, challenge traditions, and ignite revolutions. In India, contemporary
literature has played a significant role in addressing social concerns, especially in a rapidly
evolving society where youth struggle with ambition, morality, and systemic failures. Among
modern Indian writers, ‘Chetan Bhagat stands out as a voice for young India’, capturing the
dreams, dilemmas, and frustrations of a generation. Literature has long served as a means of
resistance, awareness, and transformation, offering insights into the realities of human
experiences. It has the unique power to challenge societal structures, question morality, and
provide a voice to the voiceless. From ancient scriptures to modern novels, literature
continues to evolve, addressing the most pressing issues of each era.

In India, where economic growth and modernization often clash with deep-rooted
corruption and social inequality, literature plays a crucial role in highlighting both progress
and the persisting flaws of the system. The literary landscape has seen a shift from classical
storytelling to contemporary narratives that tackle political, economic, and cultural issues
with a bold and direct approach. Among the notable figures in modern Indian writing, Chetan
Bhagat stands out for his ability to capture the struggles of middle-class youth.

Bhagat’s work resonates with millions because he writes about everyday aspirations
and obstacles that young Indians face. His novels explore ‘ambition, love, societal pressure,
and the harsh realities of corruption’ in a way that is both accessible and relatable.
‘Revolution 2020 ‘in particular, serves as a literary mirror reflecting the broken education
system, the moral dilemmas of success, and the conflict between ethical journalism and
political power. While the novel’s characters exist in a fictional setting, their struggles reflect
the real-life experiences of students, journalists, and entrepreneurs in India today. This study
delves deeper into these aspects, exploring how Bhagat uses simple storytelling to expose
complex societal flaws. By doing so, the novel compels readers to ask themselves an
important question: Is success worth sacrificing one’s integrity, or is there a way to challenge
corruption while staying true to one’s values

Bhagat’s literary career has been marked by a shift from light-hearted storytelling to
thought-provoking social narratives. His works often revolve around the aspirations and

48
struggles of middle-class youth, making them highly relatable to a wide audience. Among his
most notable novels, ‘Revolution 2020’ stands apart as a bold commentary on corruption,
education, and the role of media in bringing change. Though frequently viewed as a love
story, the novel extends beyond personal relationships, raising pressing questions about the
ethical dilemmas faced by young people in a corrupt society. This project has sought to
explore these themes while linking them to real-life issues and contemporary debates on
youth empowerment and social justice.

The theme of corruption is central to the novel and has been a major focus of this
project. The story exposes the deep-rooted flaws in India’s education system, where success
is often determined not by merit but by money and influence. Gopal’s character is a tragic
example of how an unfair system can push individuals into unethical paths. His journey from
a hopeful student to a businessman who thrives on bribery and manipulation mirrors the
reality of many young people who find themselves trapped in a corrupt system. Education,
which should be a means of empowerment, has become a business controlled by political and
corporate interests. The novel forces readers to confront this uncomfortable reality and ask: Is
the Indian education system truly about knowledge, or has it become an industry where
money dictates success?

This project has also explored the ‘dark side of the coaching industry’, a major issue
highlighted in the novel. In India, education has become an intense competition rather than a
pursuit of knowledge. The pressure to crack entrance exams has led to an exploitative
coaching industry that profits from students’ fears. Bhagat portrays this harsh reality through
Gopal’s struggles, showing how thousands of students are forced into a system that prioritizes
rankings over learning. The consequences of this pressure are severe—mental health issues,
financial burdens, and even suicides have become disturbingly common among students. By
addressing this crisis, the novel forces us to question: ‘Are we educating our youth, or are we
simply pushing them into a system designed to break them?’

Another key area of this project has been the critique of gender representation in
Bhagat’s works, particularly in ‘Revolution 2020’. Aarti, the novel’s female protagonist,
often lacks agency, serving primarily as an emotional figure caught between two men. While
her character is central to the story, she is passive in decision-making, reflecting a pattern
seen in Bhagat’s other works. This raises an important discussion: ‘Does Bhagat reinforce

49
traditional gender roles in his novels, or is he simply portraying the reality of Indian society?’
While his female characters are often well-developed, they are rarely portrayed as
independent agents of change. This highlights the need for stronger female representation in
popular fiction, pushing contemporary writers to create more dynamic and influential female
protagonists.

Works Cited
Primary Source
1. Bhagat, Chetan. ‘Revolution 2020: Love, Corruption, Ambition.’ New Delhi: Rupa
Publications India Pvt. Ltd., 2011. Print.

50
Secondary Source
2. Literature: Definition, Characteristics, and Importance. Encyclopaedia Britannica.
3. Mehrotra, Arvind Krishna. ‘A History of Indian Literature in English.’ Columbia
University Press, 2003.
4. ‘Chetan Bhagat Biography.’ Official Website of Chetan Bhagat.
5. Yadav, Anita. ‘Portrayal of Indian Youth in Chetan Bhagat’s Novels.’ Research Scholar:
An International Refereed e-Journal of Literary Explorations, Vol. 2, Issue 4, 2014.
6. Ray, Manisha. ‘Chetan Bhagat: The Voice of a Generation.’ Journal of Contemporary
Literature Studies, Vol. 5, 2016.
7. Rathod, Khushi. ‘Revolution 2020 – Thematic Study.’ Khushi Rathod’s Blog, 2025.
8. Singh, Alka. ‘Critique of Popular Indian Fiction: A Case Study of Revolution 2020.’
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research, 2017.
9. ‘Revolution 2020 by Chetan Bhagat: A Critical Review.’ India Study Channel, 2011.
10. Pandey, Rajesh Chandra. ‘Revolution 2020 by Chetan Bhagat: A Critical Review.’ India
Study Channel, 2011.

3. Link
11. Chetan Bhagat’s Official YouTube Channel
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCMhRbMzPqr_vca_bISQyvsA(https://www.youtub
e.com/channel/UCMhRbMzPqr_vca_)

51