POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

LAB MANUAL
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGG
POWER ELECTRONICS LAB (20EE42P)
IV SEM

Prepared by
K.MURUGAN
FORMER HOD
DEPT OF EEE
DSIT, BENGALURU

NAME OF STUDENT:

REGISTER NUMBER:

ROLL NUMBER :

DAYANANDA SAGAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (POLYTECHNIC)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SHAVIGE MALLESHWARA HILLS, KUMARASWAMY LAYOUT, BENGALURU-560111

Academic year 2022-2023

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 1
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

WEEK-1 Date:

1a. Study and interpret the datasheet of given power diode and BJT.

Datasheets for diodes provide ratings for current, voltage, and other parameters that engineers consider when
designing circuits.

Mfr Package Description Case 267-03, 2 Pin

Diode Type Rectifier Diode

Application Ultra Fast Recovery Power

Diode Element Material Silicon

Forward Voltage-Max (VF) 0.71 V

Non-rep Pk Forward Current-Max 125.0 A

Operating Temperature-Min -65.0 Cel

Operating Temperature-Max 175.0 Cel

Output Current-Max 4.0 A

Peak Reflow Temperature (Cel) 260

Rep Pk Reverse Voltage-Max 150.0 V

Reverse Recovery Time-Max 0.035 µs

Time Peak Reflow Temperature-Max (s) 40

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 2
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

Features
1. 175°C Operating Junction Temperature
2. Low Forward Voltage
3. Low Leakage Current
4. Reverse Voltage to 600 V

DATASHEET OF BJT

RESULT: the datasheet of given power diode and BJT are Studied
Signature of staff

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 3
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

1b. Test the given Diode and BJT for its working condition. Date:
AIM; To Test the given Diode and BJT for its working condition.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
1. Diode -1no

2. Digital multimeter with probes

CONNECTION DIAGRAM

PROCEDURE

Test a Diode using a Digital Multimeter

The diode testing using a Digital Multimeter (DMM) can be carried in two ways because there are two
modes available in DMM to check the diode. These modes are:
1. Diode Mode
2. Ohmmeter Mode (or Resistance Mode)
The Diode Test Mode is the best way of method, the diode is put in forward bias and the voltage drop
across the diode is measured, using a Multimeter. A normally working diode will allow current to flow in
forward bias and must have voltage drop.
In the Resistance Mode Test of the diode, both the forward and reverse bias resistances of the diode are
measured. For a good diode, the forward bias resistance should be few hundreds of Ohms to few Kilo Ohms
and the reverse bias resistance should be very high (usually indicated as OL 3 open loop in a multimeter).

Diode Mode Testing Procedure

1. Identify the anode and cathode terminals of the diode.

2. Keep the Digital Multimeter (DMM) in diode checking mode by rotating the central knob to the position
where the diode symbol is indicated. In this mode, the multimeter is capable to supply a current of
approximately 2mA between the test leads.
3. Connect the red probe of the multimeter to the anode and black probe to the cathode. This means the
diode is forward-biased.

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 4
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

4. Observe the reading on multimeter9s display. If the displayed voltage value is in between 0.625V (for a
Silicon Diode), then the diode is healthy and perfect. For Germanium Diodes, this value is in between 0.25
to 0.3.
5. Now, reverse the terminals of the meter i.e., connect the red probe to cathode and black to anode. This is
the reverse biased condition of the diode where no current flows through it. Hence, the meter should read OL
or 1 (which is equivalent to open circuit) if the diode is healthy.
6. If the meter shows irrelevant values to the above two conditions, then the diode is defective. The defect in
the diode can be either open or short.
7. Open diode means the diode behaves as an open switch in both reverse and forward biased conditions. So,
no current flows through the diode in either bias condition. Therefore, the meter will indicate OL (or 1) in
both reverse and forward-biased conditions.

TABULAR COLOUMN

Sl no Direction Value observed

1 Forward direction
2 Reverse direction

RESULT: Testing and working condition of given diode is conducted

Signature of staff

Test the given BJT for its working condition.

AIM; To Test the given BJT for its working condition.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

1. BJT SL100 -1no

2. Digital multimeter with probes
CONNECTION DIAGRAM

PNP TRANSISTER: (a) forward B-E,B-C resistance is low (b) Reverse B-E,B-C Resistance is infinity

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 5
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

A bipolar transistor and proceeds to measure continuity with a multimeter set in the <diode check= mode.
Measuring between pairs of wires and recording the values displayed by the meter,

PROCEDURE

Finding terminals such as emitter, base, and collector with Ω-meter readings between terminals.

1. The wires 1 and 3 (red test lead on 1 and black test lead on 3), and wires 2 and 3 (red test lead on 2 and
black test lead on 3) are tested.
2. These two readings must indicate forward biasing of the emitter-to-base junction (0.655 volts) and the
collector-to-base junction (0.621 volts).
3. Now look for the one wire common to both sets of conductive readings. It must be the base connection of
the transistor because the base is the only layer of the three-layer device common to both sets of PN
junctions (emitter-base and collector-base).
4. In this case, that wire is number 3, being common to both the 1-3 and the 2-3 test point combinations. In
both those sets of meter readings, the black (-) meter test lead is touching wire 3, which indicates that the
base of this transistor is made of N-type semiconductor material (black = negative).
5. Thus, the transistor is a PNP with a base on wire 3, emitter on wire 1 and collector on wire 2 as described
in Figure below.

RESULT: the working condition and testing of given BJT is conducted

Signature of staff

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 6
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

1c. Simulate VI characteristics of power diode.

2. Simulate output characteristics of Power BJT
WEEK-2
1a. Study and interpret the datasheet of power MOSFET and IGBT Date:

A MOSFET datasheet contains sections, in this order: A general description including voltage, on-resistance,
current ratings and package information. A table of absolute maximum ratings. A table of thermal resistance
parameters. A table of electrical characteristics.

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 7
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

A DATASHEET (IGBT): It9s a document that describes the behavior, appearance, performance, and limitations
of a component, as asserted by the manufacturer. A general description including voltage, on-resistance,
current ratings and package information. A table of absolute maximum ratings. A table of thermal resistance
parameters. A table of electrical characteristics.

RESULT: the datasheet of given power MOSFET and IGBT are Studied
Signature of staff

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 8
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

1b. Identify various Power MOSFET by its number and test by using a multimeter Date:
AIM; To Identify various Power MOSFET by its number and test by using a multimeter
APPARATUS REQUIRED
1. Power MOSFET
2. Multimeter
PROCEDURE

1. Identify the series of the transistor. All MOSFET transistors use letter series at the beginning of the part
number.
2. For instance, the IRF series has a "IRF" at the beginning of the part number
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AUuEkEW0cYg

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 9
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

CONNECTION DIAGRAM

How to Check N-Channel MOSFETS

1). Set the DMM to the diode range.

2). Keep the MOSFET on a dry wooden table on its metal tab.
3). with a screwdriver or meter probe, short the gate and drain pins of the MOSFET. This will initially keep
the internal capacitance of the device completely discharged.
4). Now touch the meter black probe to source and the red probe to drain of the device.
5) .see an "open" circuit indication on the meter.
6). Now keeping the black probe touched to the source, lift the red probe from drain and touch it to
the gate of the MOSFET momentarily, and bring it back to the drain of the MOSFET.
7). this time the meter will show a short circuit.
The result from the point 5 and 7 confirms that the MOSFET is OK.
For repeating the above procedure each time, need to reset the MOSFET by shorting the gate and the
drain leads using meter probe as explained earlier.
How to Check P-Channel MOSFETS

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 10
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

For P-channel the testing steps will be as per 1,2,3,4 and 5, but the polarities of the meter will change. Here's
how to do it.
1). Set the DMM to the diode range.
2). Fix the MOSFET on a dry wooden table on its metal tab, with the printed side facing you and leads
pointed towards you.
3). with a any conductor or meter probe, short the gate and drain pins of the P-MOSFET. This will initially
enable the internal capacitance of the device to discharge, which is essential for the testing process.
4). Now Touch the meter RED probe to source and the BLACK probe to drain of the device.
5). find an "open" circuit reading on the meter.

6). Next, without moving the RED probe from the source, remove the black probe from drain and touch it
to the gate of the MOSFET for a second, and bring it back to the drain of the MOSFET.
7). this time the meter will show continuity or a low value on the meter.
This will confirm MOSFET is alright, and without any problems. Any other form of reading will indicate a
faulty MOSFET.

RESULT: The various Power MOSFET by its number Identified and tested by using a multimeter

Signature of staff

1c. Identify IGBTs by their numbers and test by using a multimeter. Date:
AIM; To Identify IGBTs by their numbers and test by using a multimeter.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
1. IGBT
2. Multimeter

THEORY IGBT: An insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) is a three-terminal power semiconductor used as
a high-efficiency electronic switch. They are often used in high-voltage, high-current with low-power inputs.
They are often used in applications like induction cook tops, AC and DC motor drives.

CONNECTION DIAGRAM

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 11
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

PROCEDURE

Method 1: using multimeter

1. First turn ON digital multimeter and select continuity mode.
2. Connect the test leads to the IGBT terminals. Keep test leads connected for a few seconds at like
this (A) connection.
3. If multimeter buzzer is ON, the IGBT is bad (damage) conditions
4. Connect the test leads to the IGBT terminals. Keep test leads connected for a few seconds at like
this (B) connection.
5. If multimeter buzzer is OFF, the IGBT is good conditions.

Step to check IGBT with Digital Multimeter.

1. Take IGBT part number to find leg function from datasheet.
2. Discharge 3 legs by shorting or connecting it together then do not touch the leg.
3. If there is a diode at C and E leg , set Digital Multimeter to diode test function ,
Good diode will show 0.5-0.8V voltage across it when forward bias.
and show "OL" when reversing bias.
Bad IGBT (shorted) will show 000V.
Bad IGBT (open) will show "OL" 2 times
4. If there is not a diode at C and E legs.
Set Digital Multimeter to resistor test function , the good IGBT has result ;
Good IGBT will show high resistance 1 time and show "OL" 1 time.
Bad MOSFET (short) show 0 ohm 2 times.
Bad MOSFET (Open) show "OL" 2 times.

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 12
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

5. Check G and C leg, connect test leads to G and C leg.

6. Set digital multimeter to resistance test function.

Does testing then switch test leads and do testing again.

Good IGBT will show "OL" 2 time because there is an insulator at gate leg junction so it is very very
high resistance that multimeter can not measure that resistance ( show "OL" ).
Bad IGBT (gate leak) will show some resistance.
7. Check G and E leg, set digital multimeter to resistance test function.
8. Connect test lead to G and E leg, do testing then switch test leads and do testing again.
Good IGBT will show "OL" 2 time because there is an insulator at gate leg junction so it is very very
high resistance that multimeter can not measure this resistance .
Bad IGBT (gate leak) will show some resistance.

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 13
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

RESULT; IGBTs by their numbers identified and tested by using a multimeter.

Signature of staff

2a. Simulate the transfer characteristics of power MOSFET and IGBT.

2b. Rig up the circuit of power MOSFET as a switch Date:

AIM; To Rig up the circuit of power MOSFET as a switch

APPARATUS REQUIRED

1. Bread board
2. MOSFET
3. LED
4.1 kilo ohm resister -1no
5. RPS -2nos

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 14
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

PROCEDURE

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram

2. Apply positive pulse at gate say VGS 5v so that the MOSFET will turn ON
3. Apply and vary the voltage at VDS above 10 volts thereby the LED will turn ON
5. Decrease the voltage at gate the LED will turn OFF
6. Here the MOSFET is used as switch to control LED
TABULAR COLOUMN

Sl no supply Condition of LED

1 VGS -5V LED ON
2 0-V LED OFF

RESULT: power MOSFET circuit is Rigged up and operated of as a switch

Signature of staff

WEEK-3

1. Test the given SCR for its working condition. Date:

AIM; To Test the given SCR for its working condition.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

1. SCR
2. Multimeter

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 15
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

CONNECTION DIAGRAM

PROCEDURE

Procedure to Test the SCR with the help of Ohmmeter:

1. To test the SCR, connect the positive output lead of the ohmmeter to the anode and the negative lead
to the cathode.
2. The ohmmeter should indicate no continuity.
3. Touch the gate of the SCR to the anode.
4. The ohmmeter should indicate continuity through the SCR.
5. When the gate lead is removed from the anode, conduction may stop or continue depending on
whether the ohmmeter is supplying enough current to keep the device above its holding current level.
6. If the ohmmeter indicates continuity through the SCR before the gate is touched to the anode, it
indicates that the SCR is shorted.
7. If the ohmmeter will not indicate continuity through the SCR after the gate has been touched to the
anode, it indicates that the SCR is open.
Procedure to Test the SCR with the help of Multimeter

1. Keep the multimeter in ohm mode.

2. Connect the positive lead of multimeter to an anode of SCR and negative lead of multimeter of
cathode lead.
3. As per step No. 2, SCR is in forward blocking mode. The SCR does not conduct. In this condition,
the SCR must show infinite resistance and there will be no continuity buzzer. If the resistance of the
SCR is high then the SCR is OK as per this test.

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 16
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

The SCR if shows continuity in step No.3, the SCR is short circuit and SCR is defective

1. If SCR passes in step No.3, Further we test it for its gate circuit functionality.
2. Connect the positive lead of the multimeter to the anode terminal and the negative lead of the multimeter
to the cathode of SCR.
3. Now, connect the gate through a wire to the anode. This is the forward conduction mode of the SCR. The
SCR must be turn on. The resistance measured across anode and cathode should be zero. If resistance is
zero, it means SCR is in conducting mode. We can say SCR is OK.

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 17
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

When the gate lead is removed from the anode, conduction may stop or continue depending on whether the
ohmmeter is supplying enough gate current to keep the device above its holding current level. If SCR keeps
conducting then it is the latching condition of SCR.

RESULT: Testing and its working condition of the given SCR is performed

Signature of staff
2. Simulate VI characteristics of SCR, GTO and LASCR.

WEEK-4

1a. Test the given TRIAC and DIAC for its working condition. Date:
Introduction about TRIAC
1. TRIAC = TRIode for Alternating Current.
2. The TRIAC is 5 layers, 3 terminal Power semiconductor devices.
3. It has a pair of phase controlled SCRs connected in inverse parallel manner on the same chip.
4. It is a bidirectional device, means it can conduct current in both the directions.

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 18
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

AIM: To Test the given TRIAC and DIAC for its working condition.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
1. TRIAC
2. Multimeter
PROCEDURE

1. The below steps explains how to test TRIAC with a multimeter.

2. Select the multimeter setting on resistance mode.
3. Find out the polarity of the ohmmeter lead using P-N junction diode. When positive lead is connected to
the anode and negative lead is connected to cathode shows continuity.
4. The triac remains in its off state when the positive voltage is applied at MT1 and the negative voltage is
applied at MT2 with gate current zero.
5. In a similar way, the TRIAC remains in its off state when the positive voltage is applied at MT2 and the
negative voltage is applied at MT1 with gate current zero.
6. In steps No. 3 &4 of TRIAC testing, the ohmmeter should indicate no continuity through the TRIAC. It
means TRIAC offers very high resistance.
CONNECTION DIAGRAM

7. In steps No. 3 &4 of TRIAC testing, if the ohmmeter shows continuity through the TRIAC. It means
TRIAC is short circuit and defective

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 19
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

8. Now, if the gate of the TRIAC gets positive voltage the device turns on either MT1 is positive with respect
to MT2 or MT2 is positive with respect to MT1. This can be done by connecting the gate of TRIAC to positive
lead ( It may be MT1 or MT2 terminal, depending on which terminal has positive voltage through ohmmeter.
9. As per step No.8, the TRIAC must turn on and must show very low resistance or continuity between
MT1 and MT2. If triac shows continuity TRIAC under test is OK.

10. If TRIAC does not turn on as per step 8, TRIAC offers very high resistance and TRIAC is defective

RESULT; The working condition and Testing of given TRIAC is conducted

Signature of staff

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 20
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

AIM: To Test the given DIAC for its working condition.

APPARATUS REQUIRED
1. DIAC
2. Multimeter
CONNECTION DIAGRAM

PROCEDURE
1. Select the multimeter to diode mode
2. Connect the multimeter probe to diode
3. Connect the red positive test lead of multimeter to MT1 of DIAC and negative test lead to MT2
4. If multimeter will indicate "OL" or "1' then it will be fgaulty
5. interchange the terminal and if shows "OL" or "1" then it is faulty otherwise good
HOW TO CHECK WITH DIGITAL MULTIMETER
Step-1.
Select digital multimeter to DIODE MODE:
STEP-1. Connect DMM probe to DIAC.
DMM Red Test Lead to DIAC-MT1 (DMM Means Digital Multimeter)
DMM Negative Lead to MT2
DMM READING Result: OL, or 1

STEP-2. Change Polarity Of DMM:

Connect DMM probe to DIAC.
DMM -VE Lead to DIAC-MT2
DMM Red Test Lead to MT1
DMM READING SHOWS OL, or 1
Verification: If you get reading in forward bias as 0000 or 8OL9 or any small value and in
reverse bias as 0000 (or) low values the DIAC can be FAULTY and needs replacement.

RESULT; The working condition and Testing of given DIAC is conducted

Signature of staff

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 21
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

1b. Simulate VI characteristics of TRIAC and DIAC.

2. Build and test a TRIAC- fan motor speed control circuit. Date:
AIM: To Build and test a TRIAC- fan motor speed control circuit.
APPARATUS RTEQUIRED
1. Bread board
2. BT136-TRIAC
3. DB302-DIAC
4.10 Kilo ohm resister
5. DRB
6. Capacitor 470 microfarad 400v
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

PROCEDURE

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram

2. Switch on the power supply
3. Vary the DRB from zero ohms to high value
4. Observe the speed and note down the reading of resistance on DRB box
5. Tabulate the speed and corresponding resistance value
TABULAR COLOUMN

Sl no Value of DRB Speed of motor

1
2
3
4

RESULT: TRIAC- fan motor speed control circuit is built and tested

Signature of staff

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 22
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

WEEK-5
1. Build R firing circuit and determine the maximum firing angle. Date:
AIM: To Build R firing circuit and determine the maximum firing angle.
THEORY: RESISTANCE FIRING CIRCUIT: Resistance trigger circuits are the simplest & most economical
method. During the positive half cycle of the input voltage, SCR become forward biased but it will not
conduct until its gate current exceeds gate threshold, Vgt . Diode D allows the flow of current during
positive half cycle only. R1 is the variable resistance and is used to limit the current through the circuit (Ig)
and to vary the gate voltage and thus the firing angle. During the positive half cycle current Ig flows. Ig
increases and when Vg=Vgt= Ig min R the SCR turns ON .The firing angle can be varied from 0 4 90° by
varying the resistance R1.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

1. SCR (2PMP028)-1n0
2. Diode BY127 -1no
3. resister-2nos
4. DRB-1no
5. Bread board
6. CRO with probes
7. Transformer (9-0-9 / 0-18v)
8. Wires
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 23
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

PROCEDURE: RESISTANCE FIRING CIRCUIT

1. Complete the connections as per the circuit diagram.

2. Keep the DRB R1 in minimum position (maximum resistance in the circuit)
3. Turn on the power switch
4. observe the input voltage waveform across secondary of transformer using CRO
5. Vary the DRB at different position and Observe the output voltage waveform across load, SCR voltage and gate
signals for various firing angle
6. Observe the range of firing angle control.

WAVEFORM

RESULT: the operation of R firing circuit of SCR for different firing angles are observed

Signature of staff

7. Build R – C firing circuit and determine the maximum firing angle. Date :

AIM: To Build R 3 C firing circuit and determine the maximum firing angle.

RC FIRING CIRCUIT: By varying the variable resistance R1, the firing angle can be varied. Capacitor, C
charges and discharges with a phase shift. When the capacitor voltage equal to the gate threshold voltage
Vgt, SCR get triggered. Diode D prevents the negative voltage to gate.

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 24
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

APPARATUS REQUIRED
1. Transformer (940-9 / 0-18v)
2. SCR (2PMP028)
3. DRB (47K)
4. Diode (BY127)
5.1k Resister -1no
6. CRO with probes
7.0.1 Microfarad capacitor-1no

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

PROCEDURE

1. Complete the connections as per the circuit diagram.

2. Keep the potentiometer R1 in minimum position (maximum resistance in the circuit)
3. Turn on the power switch
4. Observe the waveform across secondary of transformer using CRO
4. Vary the DRB and Observe the output voltage waveform, SCR voltage and gate signals for various firing
angle
5. Observe the range of firing angle control.

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 25
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

WAVEFORM

RESULT: R 3 C firing circuit is built and waveform & firing angles are observed

Signature of staff

WEEK-6

1. Build and test UJT Relaxation oscillator. Date:

AIM: To Build and test UJT Relaxation oscillator

APPARATUS REQUIRED

1. RPS (0-30V)
2. Resister -3nos (12K, 200E, 100E)
3. DRB 470K-1no
4.0.1 Microfarad capacitor -1no
5. (2N2646) UJT

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 26
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

PROCEDURE

1. Connect +12V dc power supply at their indicated position from external source.
2. Rotate the potentiometer P1 fully in clockwise direction.
3. Switch ON the power supply.
4. Connect the oscilloscope CHI between output and ground and CHII between tp1 and ground and observe the
waveform of pulse output and RC time constant.
5. Vary the potentiometer P1 in clockwise direction so as to increase the frequency of the out put.
6. Sketch the waveforms on the paper.

WAVEFORM

RESULT: UJT Relaxation oscillator Built and tested

Signature of staff

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 27
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

1. Build and Test time delay relay using SCR and UJT. Date :

AIM: To Build and Test time delay relay using SCR and UJT.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

1. Power supply (0-30v)

2. Time delay relay kit
3. Supply required 230V, 50Hz AC.
4. Built 3 in IC based DC regulated power supply with short circuit protection.
5. UJT as delay generator with variable delay time.
6. Relay ON indication on panel.
7. Internal load provided.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 28
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

PROCEDURE

1. Connections are made as per the diagram

2. Turn on 230v AC power supply
3. Switch on pwer supply on kit
4. Vary R1 to supply firing angle to turn on SCR
5. Set the time delay using P1
6. Observe the relay indication with time delay

RESULT: time delay relay using SCR and UJT is Built and Tested

Signature of staff

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 29
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

WEEK-7
1. Simulate Line commutation and forced commutation circuits and observe waveforms.
2. Construct a snubber circuit for protecting SCR use freewheeling diode to reduce back emf.
WEEK-8 Date :

1. Build single -phase full controlled bridge converter for resistive load. Trace the waveforms across SCR and load.

AIM: To obtain controlled output waveforms of a single phase fully controlled bridge rectifier with R Loads.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

1. Single -phase full controlled bridge converter

2. Resister load
3.24v transformer
4. Connecting wires
THEORY: The full controlled rectifier has four thyristors; two thyristors, one from top and the other from
bottom will conduct at any point of time. During positive half cycles of input voltage, thyristors .
Unliket = T1 and T3 are triggered at ωt=³; similarly, T2 and T4 are triggered at semiconverters, the
output voltage contain negative portion too; thus average output voltage can be either positive or negative
which depends on firing angle show in below figure. Hence, full converter can be employed for motoring as
well as for regenerative braking applications.

CIRCUIT DIGRAM

PROCEDURE: WITH R-LOAD:

1. Connect the circuit with R-load as shown in the circuit diagram.

2. Connect the firing circuit to the semiconductor devices appropriately.
3. Check the pulses from the firing circuit and switch on the power supply.
4. Vary the firing angle; observe the output and SCR waveforms on CRO and plot observed waveforms on graph.

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 30
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

WAVEFORM

RESULT: single -phase full controlled bridge converter for resistive load is built and traced the waveforms
across SCR and load.

Signature of staff

2. Simulate single -phase Dual converter and observe waveforms.

WEEK-9 Date:

1.Test three-phase bridge rectifier module (36MT160)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aucpsZt-iqU

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9on1SMw4nVs

AIM: To Test three-phase bridge rectifier module (36MT160)

APPARATUS REQUIRED

1. Three phase bridge rectifier module

2. Multimeter
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 31
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

PROCEDURE

A bridge rectifier is composed of diodes. There are two ways to test a diode. First, make sure to disconnect
the white wires and black wires from the bridge rectifier. Should get a resistance reading of around 97 ohms
or as long as all resistance readings are approximately the same, the rectifier is good.

A bridge rectifier is composed of diodes. There are two ways to test a diode.
A. Through a Diode Test
1.first, make sure to disconnect the white wires and black wires from the bridge rectifier.
2. The multi-tester dial should set in Diode Test Mode. (Dial setting no. 14) it shows the voltage 0.625v
3. Repeat the procedure as power diode

B. For through Resistance Check,

1.You need to have your multi-tester dial set in Ohmmeter. (Dial setting no. 12)
2. Should get a resistance reading of around 97 ohms or as long as all resistance readings are approximately
the same, the rectifier is good.

RESULT: three-phase bridge rectifier module (36MT160) is tested

Signature of staff

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 32
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

2. Simulate three-phase Bridge converter and observe waveforms

WEEK-10

1. Simulate/Build step-down chopper and observe waveforms. Date:

AIM: To build Step-down Chopper and observe the waveform

APPARATUS REQUIRED

1. MOSFET based buck-boost converter Trainer module -1 no

2. CRO- 1 no
3. Patch chords as required
FORMULAE
1. Duty cycle ratio · = TON / T
2. Output Voltage Vo = · Vs (V) Where,
T- Total time for a cycle
T = TON + TOFF (ms)
Vs = Supply DC voltage (V)

Theory: In step down chopper the output voltage is always lesser than the input voltage in the same polarity
and is not isolated from the input. Its main applications are in regulated DC power supplies and DC motor
speed control.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 33
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

PROCEDURE

1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure.

2. Initially keep all the switches in off position.
3. Initially keep Duty cycle Pot in minimum position.
4. Connect banana connector 24V DC source to 24V DC input.
5. Connect the driver pulse output to MOSFET input.(G to G, S toS)
6. Switch on the main supply.
7. Check the test point waveforms with respect to ground.
8. Switch on the S1 switch and then switch ON S2. (S2=1)
9. Vary the duty cycle Pot and tabulate the TON, TOFF values and output voltage.
10. Draw the graph output voltage Vs duty cycle ratio.

Result: Thus the gain characteristics of MOSFET based buck converter or step down chopper is obtained.

Signature of staff

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 34
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

2. Simulate / Build step-up chopper and observe waveforms Date:

AIM: To obtain the gain characteristics of MOSFET based Boost Converter or Step up Chopper.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
1. MOSFET based buck-boost converter study module 1 no
2. CRO 1 no
3. Patch chords as required
Theory: In step up chopper the output voltage is always higher than the input voltage in the same polarity
and is not isolated from the input.

FORMULAE
Duty cycle ratio · = TON / T
Output Voltage Vo = Vs / (1- ·) (V) where,
T- Total time for a cycle
T = TON + TOFF (ms)
Vs = Supply DC voltage (V)
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 35
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

PROCEDURE

1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure

2. Initially keep all the switches (S1,S2,S3,S4) in off position.
3. Initially keep Duty cycle Pot in minimum position.
4. Connect banana connector 24V DC source to 24V DC input.
5. Connect the driver pulse output to MOSFET input.(G to G,Sto S).
6. Switch on the main supply.
7. Check the test point waveforms with respect to ground.
8. Switch on the S1 switch and then switch ON S2. (S2=1)
9. Set the output voltage at above 24V by using duty cycle Pot.
10. Again increase the duty cycle up to maximum and tabulate theTON, TOFF values and output voltage.
11. Draw the graph output voltage Vs duty cycle ratio.

RESULT: Thus the gain characteristics of MOSFET based boost converter or step up chopper is obtained

Signature of staff

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 36
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

WEEK-11
1. Simulate Full-bridge Inverter and observe waveforms.
2. Build and test a inverter Date:
AIM; To Build and test an inverter

APPARATUS REQUIRED

1. Single Phase Series Inverter module

2. CRO with probes 20MHz
3. Resistive load 500Ω, 1KΩ
4 .Inductive load 100mH
5. Multi Meter
6. Ammeters (0-1A, MC)
7. RPS, Dual Channel 0-30 V
8. Transformer 230/0-30V

THEORY: This circuit which converts DC power into AC power is called inverter. If the thyristors
commutation circuit of the inverter is in series with the load, then the inverter is called series inverter. In this
circuit, it is possible to turn-on-thyristor T1 before the current through thyristor T2 has become zero and
vice-versa. Moreover, the modified series inverter given in below figure can be operated beyond the
resonance frequency (fr) of the circuit. The inverter9s resonance frequency depends on the values of L, R and
C in the circuit.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 37
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

PROCEDURE:
1. Switch on the power supply to the firing circuit check that Trigger pulses by varying the frequency.
2. Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram.
3. Now connect trigger outputs from the firing circuits to gate and cathode of SCRs T1 and T2.
4. Connect DC input from a 30v/2A regulated power supply and switch on the input DC supply.
5. Now apply trigger pulses to SCRs and observe voltage waveform across the load.
6. Measure Vrms and frequency of output voltage waveform.

WAVEFORM

RESULT: an inverter is Built and tested

Signature of staff

WEEK-12

1a. Build & test IC based - DC –DC converter for different voltages. Date:

AIM: To Build & test IC based - DC 3DC converter for different voltages.

APPARATUS REQUIRED

1. AC power supply
2. AC to DC converter
3. DC to DC converter
4. Connecting wires

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 38
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

PROCEDURE

1. Connections are made as per the diagram

2. Switch on the power supply
3. AC to DC converter converts AC supply into DC supply
4. DC to DC converter provides different voltage level at output
5. Use multimeter and measure different output voltages

RESULT: IC based DC 3DC converter Built & tested for different voltages

Signature of staff

1b. Test the monolithic synchronous buck regulator (MP2305).

2. Test and Troubleshoot regulators. Date:

AIM: To Test and Troubleshoot regulators.

TROUBLE SHOOTING

Problem 1: Too Much Ripple

1.If there is too much ripple, the inductance might be too low4higher values give lower ripple but a slower
transient response.
2. Finally, low switching frequency will cause more ripple.

Problem 2: Failure to Start Up

1.Failure to start up due to excessive load capacitance acting like a short and triggering the current limit
2. set the current limit point as high as practicable to avoid false alarms,

Problem 3: Voltage Present at Output when Off

If circuit is indeed off but there is a voltage on the output, it is usually coming from another power circuit.
Check for non-obvious paths to other active rails.

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 39
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

Problem 4: Bad Regulation

bad regulation can be caused by power path ohmic voltage drop, maybe due to a rail (single power-converter
output line), that is distributed to too many loads on a board.

Problem 5: Low-Temperature Problems

remember that ESR rises for electrolytic caps at low temperatures, and the capacitance falls as well.

Signature of staff

WEEK-13

1a. Identify various input and output sockets/ connectors of the given SMPS. Date;

AIM: To Identify various input and output sockets/ connectors of the given SMPS.

Description & Details of SMPS Cables or Connectors

1. 20 + 4 Pin ATX / Motherboard Connector. ...

2. CPU 4 + 4 Pin Connector. ...
3. SATA Power Connector. ...
4. Floppy 4 Pin Connector. ...
5. Peripheral 4 Pin Molex Connector. ...
6. PCI-e 6 Pin / PCI-e 8 Pin Connector

RESULT: various input and output sockets/ connectors of the given SMPS are identified

Signature of staff

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 40
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

1b. Identify major sections/ ICs/components of SMPS. Date:

AIM: To Identify major sections/ ICs/components of SMPS.
Components of SMPS.
1. Power-IN:
2. Power-OUT:
3.FAN:
4.ATX Power Connector:
5.ATX 4 pin Connector:
6.Molex (4 pin):
7.Mini Molex or BURG (4 pins):
8.SATA (15 pins):
9.PCI-E Connector:

1. Input rectifier and filter: Used to convert an AC input to DC. An SMPS with DC input does not
require this stage. The rectifier produces unregulated DC which is then passed through the filter circuit.
2. Inverter: The inverter stage converts DC (whether directly from the input or from the rectifier stage) to
AC by running it through a power oscillator, whose output transformer is very small with few windings
at a frequency 10 to few 100s of KHz.
3. Switching transformer: If the output required is to be isolated from input, SMPS uses a high frequency
transformer as an isolator between the switching element and output. This converts the voltage up or
down to the required output level on its secondary winding.
4. Output rectifier and filter: Converts AC output into DC.
5. Regulation: Feedback circuit monitors the output voltage & current and compares it with the reference
voltage & current to keep the output voltage regulated/constant

RESULT: major sections/ ICs/components of SMPS are identified

Signature of staff

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 41
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

1c. troubleshooting of given SMPS. Date:

AIM: To troubleshooting of given SMPS.
PROCEDURE
Common problems appearing from a faulty SPMS
1) The power is not reaching the computer system
Solutions:-
1. Check the power from the source

2. Check the setting of the voltage in CPU

3. Check the front panel of motherboard
4. Check the power supply connections to the motherboard
5. Check the SMPS without connecting to the motherboard.

2) Computer getting started after second or third try

Solutions:-
1. Check the power supply switch on the cabinet

2. Consider replacing SM

3) Display comes to monitor and becomes black

Solutions:-
1. Replace SMPS and try again

2. The problem may arise from Motherboard

4) The PC powers on without display

Solutions
1. Check the VGA cable and monitor connections

2. Discard the SMPS, it has been damaged badly by voltage fluctuation

3. Check the Display Card Modem

5) There is a whistling/squealing/motor like noise from SMPS when PC starts

Solutions
1. Check the SMPS fan

2. Genuine SMPS problem, consider replacing

6) The PC freezes or reboots suddenly

Solutions
1. Overheating problem of SMPS

RESULT: To troubleshooting of given SMPS.

Signature of staff

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 42
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

2a. Identify front panel control & indicators of UPS. Date:

AIM: To Identify front panel control & indicators of UPS.
CONSTRUCTION DIAGRAM

FRONT PANEL CONTROL & INDICATORS OF UPS.

1. Load segment 2 indicator

2. Load segment 1 indicator
3. Alarm or service indicator
4. On-battery indicator
5. Overload indicator
6. Power-on indicator
7. On/off button
8. Test and alarm reset button

1. Power on indicator: The power-on indicator is displayed when the 2145 UPS-1U is functioning.
2.On or off button : The on or off button turns the power on or off for the 2145 UPS-1U.
3.Test and alarm reset button : Use the test and alarm reset button to start the self-test.
4.Overload indicator : The overload indicator lights up when the capacity of the 2145 UPS-1U is exceeded.
5.On-battery indicator : The amber on-battery indicator is on when the 2145 UPS-1U is powered by the
battery. This indicates that the main power source has failed.
6.Alarm indicator : If the alarm on the 2145 UPS-1U is flashing red, maintenance is required.
7.Load segment 1 indicator : The load segment 1 indicator on the 2145 UPS-1U is not currently used by
the SAN Volume Controller.
8.Load segment 2 indicators : The load segment 2 indicator on the 2145 UPS-1U is lit (green) when power
is available to load segment

RESULT: front panel control & indicators of UPS are identified

Signature of staff

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 43
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

2b. Connect battery & load to UPS & test on battery mode. Date:
AIM: To Connect battery & load to UPS & test on battery mode.
APPARATUS REQUIRED

1. Double pole MCB

2. UPS
3. 12V DC Battery
CONNECTION DIAGRAM

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 44
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

PROCEDURE

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram

2. Switch on the load that connected with UPS
3. Measure the voltage and current using relevant meter
4. Take down the reading and tabulate

RESULT: battery & load are Connected to UPS & tested on battery mode.

Signature of staff

2c. Open top cover of UPS & identify isolator transformer & UPS transformer & additional circuit other than inverter

Date:

AIM: To Open top cover of UPS & identify isolator transformer & UPS transformer

RESULT: isolator transformer & UPS transformer battery are identified

Signature of staff

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 45
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

2d. identify various circuit boards in UPS and monitor voltages at various test points. Date:
AIM: To identify various circuit boards in UPS

RESULT: To identify various circuit boards in UPS

Signature of staff

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 46
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

2e. Test UPS under fault condition & rectify fault. Date:
AIM: To Test UPS under fault condition & rectify fault.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
1. UPS
2. Volt meter
3. Ampere hour meter
PROCEDURE
1. Battery failure

If your uninterruptible power supply is not working, the first and most obvious cause could be a battery
issue.
Low battery alarms
Inadequate voltage readings
Early discharge
Solution: Recharge the battery or change new one

2. Capacitor issues

UPS systems usually carry 12 capacitors to store and release energy. These parts will degrade over time, and
may be the reason for system problem
Solution: change the capacitor

3. Connection failure

Connection failure is a common UPS problem with modern systems or any loose internal connections may
not be a failure for supplying power.
Solution: check all connections and loose connections
4. Power supplies: power supplies can be input voltage surges if it failures then no power supply from UPS
Solution: check input voltage source along with fuse, MCB, cables

5. Contactors: UPS contactors is switched ON to obtain power supply from UPS

Solution: check contactor coil is working or not, check contactor terminals for loose connection

RESULT: UPS is tested under fault condition

Signature of staff

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111 Academic year 2022-23 Page 47
 POWER ELECTRONICS (20EE42P)

Prepared by k.murugan, Dept of EEE, DSIT, Bengaluru-111

inprotected.com Academic year 2022-23 Page 48