0% found this document useful (0 votes)
123 views112 pages

PathwaysRW3e_L2_Assessment_AdditionalQuestions_AllUnits

The document is a Level 2 assessment that includes various exercises on synonyms, definitions, sentence completion, and reading comprehension. It covers topics related to happiness, laughter, and the importance of social connections, as well as vocabulary related to living conditions and equipment. The assessment consists of multiple-choice questions, true/false statements, and matching exercises to evaluate understanding and application of the material.

Uploaded by

Ingyin Khaing
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
123 views112 pages

PathwaysRW3e_L2_Assessment_AdditionalQuestions_AllUnits

The document is a Level 2 assessment that includes various exercises on synonyms, definitions, sentence completion, and reading comprehension. It covers topics related to happiness, laughter, and the importance of social connections, as well as vocabulary related to living conditions and equipment. The assessment consists of multiple-choice questions, true/false statements, and matching exercises to evaluate understanding and application of the material.

Uploaded by

Ingyin Khaing
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 112

LEVEL 2 Assessment

UNIT 1: ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

Read the sentences. For each phrase in bold, write the correct synonym from the
words in the box.
a basic necessity access to equal freedom socialize

1. Clean water is an example of something essential that is needed for human life.

___________________________________

2. All people should have a way of getting clean drinking water.

___________________________________

3. Most people feel that it is important to have the ability to do and say what they want.

___________________________________

4. People who spend time with others are often happier than those who don't.

___________________________________

5. All people should have the same rights.

___________________________________

Match the words to the definitions.

6. factor ⬤ ⬤ a. (v) to encourage or help someone


7. grateful ⬤ ⬤ b. (v)to cause something to increase
8. well-being ⬤ ⬤ c. (n) the state of being healthy and comfortable
9. boost ⬤ ⬤ d. (adj) feeling thanks for something
10 support ⬤ ⬤ e. (n) one reason or cause for a result
.

1
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.


11. What do you __________ for a living?
a. do
b. make

12. We are financially stressed because the __________ keeps going up, but we aren’t making more
money.
a. cost of living
b. standard of living

13. Aaron won $2 million in the lottery, and now he does not have to work anymore. He is _________!
a. making a living
b. living the dream

Read each sentence. Decide if the word in bold is used as a noun or verb.
Choose Noun or Verb.
14. My elderly neighbors accepted my offer to help them fix things around their house.
a. Noun
b. Verb

15. Omar volunteers as an English tutor twice a week.


a. Noun
b. Verb

16. Sarah’s reward for the hard work she does at the homeless shelter is the joy she gets from helping
people.
a. Noun
b. Verb

2
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

Read the passage.

Four Keys to Happiness


A Different people need different things to be happy, but there are basic things that anyone can do to
become happier. Here are four areas you can focus on to improve your long-term happiness.
B STAY CONNECTED Psychiatrist Robert Waldinger directs the Harvard Study of Adult Development. The
study tracked the lives of two groups of men for over 75 years. One of the study’s main findings is the
importance of social connections. “[P]eople who are more socially connected to family, to friends, to
community, are happier,” says Waldinger. “They’re physically healthier, and they live longer than people
who are less well-connected.” The happiest people meet regularly with friends and family, and support
each other in difficult times.
C KEEP ACTIVE Nic Marks is the founder of the Happy Planet Index, which tracks well-being around the
world. A key way to improve well-being, he believes, is to keep active. “The fastest way out of a bad
mood,” Marks says, is to “step outside, go for a walk, turn the radio on and dance. Being active is great for
our positive mood.” Being close to nature can also boost happiness. “We have a response to the natural
world that’s very profound,” says psychologist Nancy Etcoff. Walking a pet in the outdoors, for example,
can improve our mood.
D BUY LESS The amount of money you have is a factor for happiness—but it may be less important than
how you use it. Try to spend money on things that will enrich your life, such as music lessons, or a vacation
with friends. “We need to think before we buy,” urges product designer Graham Hill, and “ask ourselves:
‘Is that really going to make me happier?’” The less stuff we have, the happier we will be.
E GIVE AWAY Social science researcher Michael Norton has studied happiness levels worldwide. He found
that giving money to people has a powerful effect on the giver as well as the receiver. “Almost everywhere
we look,” says Norton, “we see that giving money away makes you happier than keeping it for yourself.”
Another way to give away is to donate your time. People who volunteer at homeless shelters, for example,
find that it helps take the focus off their own problems and makes them feel grateful for what they have.
As author David Steindl-Rast observes: “It is not happiness that makes us grateful. It’s gratefulness that
makes us happy.”

Choose True or False.


17. This passage is mostly about things you can do to increase feelings of happiness.
a. True
b. False

3
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
18. The Harvard Study of Adult Development tracked the lives of one group of men and one group of
women.
a. True
b. False

19. According to paragraph C, two ways that you can boost your mood are dancing to music and walking a
pet outdoors.
a. True
b. False

20. From paragraph D, you can conclude that it’s much better to save your money in the bank than to
spend it on a vacation with friends.
a. True
b. False

21. David Steindl-Rast believes that being happy leads to feelings of gratefulness.
a. True
b. False

Read the passage.

Is Laughter the Best Medicine?


A For many years, people have believed that laughter improves health. Famous comedian Charlie Chaplin
thought that laughing helped with pain. Scientists now think that Chaplin may have been right. Laughter
can lower stress, help your heart, and improve your ability to fight illnesses. It also makes you feel happier!
B When a person laughs, their body releases natural pain-killers called endorphins from the brain. In one
study, scientists tested people by putting their arms in frozen ice packs. Laughter made a big difference in
how long the people could cope with the pain. Norman Cousins, a 20th century American journalist,
believed that laughter helps people endure pain. In 1964, Cousins developed a serious muscle disease. He
used comic movies to laugh often. This helped him control his pain and he lived until 1990.
C When someone is stressed, the body releases a chemical called cortisol, which affects the body badly.
Laughing lowers cortisol levels and reduces stress. Laughing also helps blood move around your body. This
helps muscles to relax. Finding something funny also helps people manage problems. Problems may seem
smaller when you can laugh about them! A big laugh also brings oxygen (O2) into the body, so the heart
and lungs work better. In short, laughing helps people feel better and calmer.
D The body benefits from laughter in other ways, too. A good, strong laugh can increase the number of cells
that fight illnesses. Also, laughter causes more positive thoughts. Some scientists believe positive thoughts
may boost healing.

4
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

E Not all scientists are happy with the research that has been done on laughter. Some critics argue that
research has depended too much on people’s personal descriptions of their feelings. This is not the most
scientific way of studying a subject. More lab research is needed that actually measures the effects of
laughter on the body.
F Many questions still haven’t been answered. For example, is there a difference in the body when a person
laughs in a social group, experiencing a funny moment together, to laughing alone? There is also the
matter of basic personality differences. Do people with greater senses of humor benefit more from
laughing than more serious individuals? Clearly, there is a need for more research, but in the meantime, it
seems that we can all benefit from laughing loud and often.

Choose the correct answers.


22. What is the main idea of the text?
a. Laughter can make us feel good, lower pain and stress, and boost healing.
b. When we laugh, we think positive thoughts, which may help our bodies fight illnesses.
c. Scientists do not agree on exactly what health benefits laughter brings to our bodies.

23. Who was Charlie Chaplin?


a. a scientist who studied laughter
b. a famous comedian
c. a journalist with a painful disease

24. According to the passage, what do endorphins do?


a. They help to lower pain.
b. They help the heart and lungs work better.
c. They raise stress levels.

25. According to the passage, what helps your muscles to relax?


a. a chemical called cortisol
b. putting your arm in a frozen ice pack
c. blood moving around the body

26. What inference can you make from reading paragraph E?


a. Scientists do not yet fully understand the benefits of laughter.
b. It is not clear whether everyone benefits from laughing more often.
c. Serious people do not benefit as much from laughter as people with a sense of humor.

27. What is the main idea of paragraph B?


a. Norman Cousins lived longer than doctors expected.
b. Endorphins from laughter help people manage pain.
c. Laughter works as well as pain-killers or ice packs.

5
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
28. What is the main idea of paragraph E?
a. Most research on laughter is done by measuring its effects in a lab.
b. The effects of laughter on the body are not yet known.
c. More and better scientific studies on laughter are needed.

Decide if each present tense statement expresses a general fact or a normal


routine. Choose the correct answer.
29. People in Denmark have a high standard of living.
a. general fact
b. normal routine

30. Scientists agree that daily exercise boosts people’s moods.


a. general fact
b. normal routine

31. Magda visits her family every weekend.


a. general fact
b. normal routine

32. Wealth doesn’t always make people happy.


a. general fact
b. normal routine

33. I work long hours every day.


a. general fact
b. normal routine

34. Some companies offer games and exercise programs to their employees to encourage well-being.
a. general fact
b. normal routine

Read each pair of topic sentences. Choose the stronger topic sentence.
35. This paragraph provides evidence that dogs, cats, horses, and other pets have emotions.
a. Dogs may bark and growl when they meet people or other dogs they don't know.
b. Animals often show their feelings by the noises they make, such as growling, purring, or hissing.

6
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
36. This paragraph argues that humans and other primates all laugh.
a. In some experiments done with primates, baby and young chimpanzees make laughing sounds
and have happy faces, just like human babies.
b. Some researchers believe laughing is a behavior that larger primates such as chimpanzees and
gorillas share with humans.

37. This paragraph discusses teenagers and happiness.


a. Teenagers face many challenges including school, changes to their bodies, social pressure, and
worries about the future, all of which affect their happiness.
b. In 2021, 44% of American teenagers reported feeling unhappy or hopeless over a long period
of time.

38. This is a paragraph in an essay about pets and human happiness.


a. One way in which pets contribute to people’s well-being is that they actually reduce stress
levels.
b. Studies show that interacting with an animal reduces stress.

39. This is a paragraph in an essay about how to increase happiness.


a. While helping others is known to make us happier, there is another ingredient for happiness
that we should not forget: taking care of ourselves.
b. There are many different things we can do in order to be happier.

Read each paragraph. Decide which topic sentences are strong or weak.
Write S or W.
_____ Firstly, playing an instrument or dancing lets us be creative with sound and movement. Music brings
feelings of joy and freedom. Secondly, arts like painting and drawing let us show our feelings in a visual
way. We may feel calm as we work, and proud to see our ideas come to life. Finally, writing stories and
poems lets us express ourselves in words. This helps us manage our feelings.

40. Doing creative activities can make us feel happier. ________

41. Playing music, making visual art, or writing can make you feel happy because they let you express

your feelings. ________

7
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

_____ Chemicals in our brain play a part in our happiness. The chemical dopamine makes us feel pleasure
and reward. The chemical serotonin controls our mood. Different areas of our brain are also involved in
happiness. For example, the areas called the prefrontal cortex and the limbic system affect our feelings,
well-being, and behaviors.

42. Our brains are very important. ________

43. There are several ways in which our brains contribute to happiness. ________

_____ Firstly, warm colors like red and yellow boost energy. For example, studies show that seeing red
raises a person’s heart rate and causes feelings of excitement. On the other hand, seeing cool colors like
blue and green leads to relaxation. Of course, culture is also a factor. For example, in Western cultures,
people wear black when someone dies. In Eastern cultures, people often wear white.

44. Different colors can affect our mood in different ways. ________

45. How we react to colors depends a lot on our culture. ________

_____ One reason is that the excitement of getting something new doesn't last long. Soon, it becomes just
another thing we own. In addition, stuff we own can cause stress. We have to take care of it and organize
it. On the other hand, spending time with friends and doing activities we love creates joyful memories that
last a long time. By focusing on experiences and relationships, we can feel happier for longer.

46. Buying things can be exciting at first, but later it can be stressful. ________

47. Real and lasting happiness doesn't come from buying things. ________

_____ Firstly, we often compare ourselves to others. This can make us worry that we're not doing enough
with our lives. Secondly, we worry about our appearance or how popular we are. We may think we have to
look perfect and get lots of likes on our posts. Lastly, when we see posts about events we missed, it can
make us feel sad or left out. In conclusion, we need to be careful with social media. It can leave us worried,
hurt, and unhappy.

48. Social media can have several bad effects on our happiness. ________

49. Looking at other people’s posts on social media can make us worried. ________

8
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

UNIT 2: ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

Complete the sentences with the correct words.


container design electricity equipment rural

1. Some people prefer to live in quiet ___________________________ areas, far from the city.

2. Farm ___________________________ can be expensive, so some people have to work the land and
gather crops by hand.

3. When you buy apples from a supermarket, you need a(n) ___________________________ or bag to
put them in.

4. People use ___________________________ in their homes to have working lights, televisions,


computers, and more.

5. The ___________________________ of cell phones has changed dramatically over the years.

Choose the correct definition for the words in bold.


6. I can only afford to live in a small apartment now, but I will eventually have enough money to buy a big
house.
a. definitely
b. hopefully
c. in the end
d. with a lot of help

7. Adding solar power to our house improved our lives dramatically, and our home is much brighter now.
a. in a way that relates to money
b. after a long period of time
c. very slightly
d. in a very noticeable way

9
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
8. Our air conditioner is efficient—it can cool the room quickly and it does not use a lot of electricity.
a. works without wasting energy
b. costs too much money
c. uses brand-new technology
d. has an attractive design

9. Clothing brands want to hire fashion designers who are creative.


a. work very hard
b. have original ideas
c. use time wisely
d. help other people

10. Scientists shared a lot of valuable information at the conference.


a. personal
b. different
c. boring
d. useful

Choose the correct phrase to complete each sentence.


11. Our lights went out because a __________ was down in our neighborhood.
a. power line
b. power failure

12. This __________ uses windmills to produce electricity.


a. power plant
b. solar power

13. When the air conditioner runs at __________, it uses a lot of energy but cools the room quickly.
a. solar power
b. full power

Change each word to an adjective. Use -able or -ible.


14. value: ___________________________

15. renew: ___________________________

16. move: ___________________________

10
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

Read the passage.

Simple Solutions for Big Problems


A Can simple ideas change the world? Creative designers and scientists are working to invent products for
communities in developing countries. Some of their innovations might solve even the biggest problems,
such as improving access to clean water and healthcare.
Water Container
B Clean drinking water is one of the world’s most valuable resources. Without it, people get sick and die. But
getting it can be difficult for many people in developing countries. In poor, rural areas, people often have
to walk several kilometers to get clean water for cooking, cleaning, and drinking. They usually have to carry
heavy containers of water on their heads. This is difficult work, especially for women and children.
C A South African engineer, Piet Hendrikse, came up with a solution to the problem of carrying water: the Q
Drum. The Q Drum stores up to 50 liters of water in a rolling container. Made of strong plastic, it can roll
over any kind of ground. Anyone can easily pull the drum with an attached rope. With this innovation,
people in developing countries can carry more clean water per journey with less effort.
Infant Warmer
D More than 20 million low-birthweight babies are born every year, many of them in developing countries.
These babies weigh less than 2.5 kilograms when they’re born. Low-birthweight babies often have
difficulty staying warm. Many get too cold and die.
E To solve this problem, American entrepreneur Jane Chen and a team of people invented the Embrace
infant warmer. It looks like a small sleeping bag and is specially designed to help keep babies warm. It’s
filled with wax that easily heats up to 37 degrees Celsius—the normal human body temperature. Another
benefit of the Embrace infant warmer is that it can work without electricity. To date, this simple invention
has helped save more than 450,000 babies worldwide.
Clay Floor
F More than one billion people around the world have dirt floors in their homes. Dirt floors are hard to
clean, so a portion of anything dropped on the floor stays on it. As a result, there are a lot of germs and
parasites in the floors, which can lead to disease. The best flooring option is concrete, but concrete is
expensive. In Rwanda, a family would have to pay more than two months’ income for a concrete floor.
G Gayatri Datar, a Stanford Business School graduate, wanted to find a cheaper, healthier flooring
alternative. She started a nonprofit called EarthEnable. The company sells a floor made of locally sourced
clay, pebbles, and sand. It costs about $70 per home—that’s 25 percent of the cost of concrete. So far,
EarthEnable has installed flooring in over 15,000 homes in Rwanda. The floors are saving lives, dramatically
reducing disease and infections. Soon, EarthEnable hopes to install floors in Uganda and Kenya, too.
Choose all the correct answers.
11
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

17. It is a simple product that has changed life for people in developing countries.

Q Drum water container

Embrace infant warmer

EarthEnable clay floor

None of the above

18. It doesn’t need electricity to work.

Q Drum water container

Embrace infant warmer

EarthEnable clay floor

None of the above

19. It helps prevent diseases caused by germs.

Q Drum water container

Embrace infant warmer

EarthEnable clay floor

None of the above

20. It contains wax that heats up.

Q Drum water container

Embrace infant warmer

EarthEnable clay floor

None of the above

12
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
21. It reduces work for women and children.

Q Drum water container

Embrace infant warmer

EarthEnable clay floor

None of the above

Read the passage.

Solar Cookers
A Solar cookers provide solutions to many problems in developing countries. They are inexpensive, they help
prevent air pollution and loss of forests, and they make the lives of women and girls easier. No wonder
development agencies have encouraged their use in many regions of the world.
B The design of solar cookers is not complicated. Basically, shiny sheets of metal reflect sunlight onto a dark
pot which contains the food to be cooked. The dark pot turns light waves from the sun into heat energy.
The heat is stored inside the pot and cooks the food. The materials for this equipment are not expensive,
so people can easily afford solar cookers. The sunlight is free, so there is no need to spend money on fuel.
C Traditionally, women and girls have gathered wood to burn as cooking fuel. As wood supplies become
smaller, the women have to walk further to find enough wood. They often take their daughters out of
school to help them gather wood. Gathering wood takes a lot of the women's time. In addition, forests
have been lost because trees cannot grow quickly enough to replace the cut wood. By contrast, solar
cookers can be used again and again without harming the environment. The sun provides the energy for
cooking, so wood is no longer needed. And because wood is no longer needed, women and girls don’t
have to go collect it.
D Another problem with traditional wood stoves is the cooking fires themselves. Smoke from the fires
causes eye and breathing problems. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that over two million
women and children die each year from the pollution of indoor cooking fires. By contrast, solar cookers are
used outdoors and create no pollution.
E Clean water is another benefit of solar stoves. People can use the stoves to heat water to a high
temperature. This kills germs that cause diseases. A simple thermometer shows when the correct
temperature has been reached. Then people know the water is safe to drink. This process prevents
diseases in areas where people don't have access to healthy drinking water.
F Despite the many advantages, there are a few problems with solar cookers. First, they don't work at night
or when it's raining. Secondly, it takes longer for food to cook than the traditional method of cooking over
a wood fire. It also takes longer for water to boil and to be hot enough to be safe to drink. However, the

13
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

health and environmental advantages of solar cookers make these adjustments worth it.
G Solar cookers are a cheap and efficient way to cook without harming forests or creating pollution. Women
have more time for other tasks, and girls can continue their education. The ability to provide safe drinking
water improves the health of the whole community. It's an invention that has significant benefits for
everyone.

Choose the correct answers.


22. What is this passage mostly about?
a. how solar cookers work
b. why solar cookers are good for the environment
c. what benefits solar cookers can provide

23. What inference can you make from reading paragraph B?


a. Solar cookers have to face the sun in order to work.
b. The design of the solar cooker is in need of improvement.
c. Solar-cooked food tastes very good.

24. Which detail in paragraph C shows how solar cookers are a solution to the problem that traditional
wood burning is bad for the environment?
a. Women often take their daughters out of school to gather wood.
b. Deforestation occurs because trees cannot grow quickly enough.
c. The sun provides the energy for cooking, so wood is no longer needed.

25. Which sentence in paragraph D gives a detail that supports the idea that wood fires cause lung and eye
problems?
a. Solar cookers are used outdoors and create no pollution.
b. Over two million women and children die each year from the pollution of indoor cooking fires.
c. Once the women carry the wood home, the cooking fires create new problems.

26. What happens with solar cookers on rainy days?


a. They may be used indoors.
b. They don’t work at all.
c. They can use stored energy.

14
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

Choose all the correct answers.


27. Which details from paragraph B explain how the design of solar cookers is not complicated?

The sunlight is free, so there is no need to spend money on fuel.

The heat is stored inside the pot and cooks the food.

The dark pot turns light waves from the sun into heat energy.

Basically, shiny panels reflect sunlight onto a dark pot which contains the food to be cooked.

The materials for this equipment are not expensive, so people can easily afford solar cookers.

28. Which details from paragraph E explains why clean water is a benefit of solar stoves?

A wax thermometer melts to indicate when the correct temperature has been reached.

People can use the stoves to heat water to a high temperature where disease-causing
bacteria are killed.

This process prevents diseases in areas where people don't have access to healthy
drinking water.

Complete the sentences with the simple past tense of the verbs in the box.
be go have not / do not / receive teach

29. The first bicycle ___________________________ two wheels, a frame, handlebars, and a seat—but
no pedals.

30. The first “computer,” from 1833, ___________________________ a large, steam-powered machine
that could do math problems and store data.

31. Before the invention of electricity, people ___________________________ to bed earlier than they
do now.

32. People ___________________________ news instantly from around the world until the invention of
the telegraph in the 1830s.

15
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
33. The invention of the microscope ___________________________ us about the tiny, hidden worlds
too small for us to see with our eyes alone.

34. Before the 1990s, most students ___________________________ their homework on personal
computers.

Read the paragraph. Decide if the sentence is a topic sentence, supporting idea,
or detail.
Installing a "sun tunnel"—a tube that connects a glass-covered opening in the roof of a house to the ceiling
of a room—offers several advantages. Firstly, it uses natural sunlight, which is a free and renewable light
source. This reduces the need for artificial lighting during the day, leading to lower electricity costs. Addi-
tionally, sun tunnels can bring natural daylight to areas that do not have access to windows, such as inte-
rior rooms. Many people prefer the quality of natural light over artificial light, so a sun tunnel can create a
more pleasant environment for them.

35. Installing a "sun tunnel"—a tube that connects a glass-covered opening in the roof of a house to the
ceiling of a room—offers several advantages.

a. topic sentence
b. supporting idea
c. detail

36. Firstly, it uses natural sunlight, which is a free and renewable light source.

a. topic sentence
b. supporting idea
c. detail

37. This reduces the need for artificial lighting during the day, leading to lower electricity costs.

a. topic sentence
b. supporting idea
c. detail

38. Additionally, sun tunnels can bring natural daylight to areas that do not have access to windows, such
as interior rooms.

a. topic sentence
b. supporting idea
c. detail

16
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
39. Many people prefer the quality of natural light over artificial light, so a sun tunnel can create a more
pleasant environment for them.

a. topic sentence
b. supporting idea
c. detail

Read each topic sentence. Choose the sentence that is a supporting idea for the
topic sentence.

40 Topic Sentence: Antibiotics, drugs that treat and prevent certain diseases, were a major
. innovation in 20th century medicine.

Supporting idea: __________


a. Millions of lives have been saved and some diseases such as tuberculosis have almost
disappeared.
b. Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 when he noticed that a type of mold
killed germs.

41 Topic Sentence: Electric lights made a huge difference in people's lives when they were
. invented in the 1800s.

Supporting idea: __________


a. Before that time, people were active mostly in the daytime or used candles, oil lamps, and
fires to see at night.
b. Light bulbs are made of glass, metal, or plastic and connect to a source of electrical power.

42 Topic Sentence: The invention of paper money made travel and trade easier for people.
.

Supporting idea: __________


a. Some examples of currency that was used before paper money were valuable goods like
gold and silver, shells, and spices.
b. For one thing, paper bills were lighter and took up less space than the heavy metal coins
and other objects that were used before.

17
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

43 Topic Sentence: The development of agriculture brought significant changes to human


. societies.

Supporting idea: __________


a. First of all, it allowed people to settle in one place instead of constantly
moving.
b. People began to cultivate crops and domesticate animals around 12,000 years
ago.

44 Topic Sentence: The scientific method changed how we understand the world.
.

Supporting idea: __________


a. Scientists started making observations and doing experiments to test their ideas.
b. Firstly, it introduced a system based on evidence for studying natural things.

18
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

UNIT 3: ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

Complete the sentences with the correct words.


entertainment festival interview rush widely

1. The Monkey Buffet ___________________________ in Lopburi, Thailand, is a day-long celebration


that includes huge outdoor meals for wild monkeys, Thai music and dance performances, a monkey
parade, and other events.

2. Nowadays, it is possible to access all kinds of ___________________________ online without leaving


the house, including music, library books, movies, chats, virtual tours, and interactive games.

3. Many different music styles originate from Mexico, but perhaps the most _______________________
known is mariachi music, also known as música ranchera.

4. As soon as the BTS concert tickets go on sale, we need to _______________________ online to buy
them, or we could miss out!

5. I just watched an interesting ___________________________ with the actress Yuh-Jung Youn, in


which she told some fascinating stories about her early career.

Choose the correct meaning for each word in bold.


6. Social media gives consumers the power to influence how businesses promote their products.
a. users and shoppers
b. designers and creators
c. advertisers and sellers

7. Brands use social media to connect with loyal customers and to promote themselves.
a. online shops and small businesses
b. certain well-known fashion models
c. specific product lines from a company

19
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
8. An accepting attitude promotes understanding among diverse people in a community.
a. rule-following
b. open-minded
c. questioning

9. Social media can make anger stronger and cause it to spread faster, creating heated debates and
conflicts.
a. a feeling of being upset
b. an opinion or belief
c. information that is not true

10. No matter how positive the message someone posts on social media is, there will almost always be
critics voicing their opinions in the comments.
a. experts on topics
b. people who complain
c. fans and followers

Choose the correct word for each definition.


11. a person who manages a team at a company:
a. manager
b. management

12. the act of moving:


a. mover
b. movement

13. a public communication (e.g., on TV, online, in a magazine) that promotes a product:
a. advertiser
b. advertisement

Write the verbs as nouns using -ment, -er, or -or.


achieve interview pay

14. the act of giving money to someone in exchange for a product or service:

___________________________
15. a person who asks someone questions during a meeting:

20
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

___________________________

16. something that has been done successfully through effort and skill:

___________________________

Read the passage.

The New Beauty


In November 1997, the U.S. edition of Elle magazine featured the Sudanese model Alek Wek on its cover. She
was looking directly into the camera with a pleasant smile on her face. But Wek represented everything that a
traditional cover girl was not.
Before, female beauty was centered around white, European culture. It required a thin build, a defined
jawline, and high and sharp cheekbones. It required a small, pointed nose and big eyes that were ideally blue
or green. Hair had to be long, thick, and flowing—and preferably blond.
Wek’s beauty was something entirely different. Her curly hair was cut very short, and her skin was dark. Her
nose was broad; her lips were full; her body lean and muscular. Everything about her was the opposite of
what had come before.
Wek was the first African model to appear on the cover of Elle. Since then, the definition of beauty has
continued to expand, making room for women of color, plus-size women, women with hairless heads, and
women with gray hair and wrinkles. We are moving toward a culture of beauty in which everyone is beautiful;
everyone is welcome.
Our changing understanding of beauty is a result of three things: technology, economics, and a generation of
consumers that is making its own rules. The technology is social media. The main economic factor is the
nonstop competition for sales and the need for companies to grow their audience of potential customers. And
today’s consumers are largely made up of millennials, also known as Generation Y—those born between 1981
and 1996.
Social media has changed the way younger consumers relate to fashion. It’s hard to believe now, but back in
the 1990s, photographers would have never posted photos from fashion runways. Designers were afraid that
their ideas would be copied, so they didn’t want photos of their clothing online. Only the people who went to
fashion shows knew what was coming. Runway productions weren’t meant for the general public.
Today, however, things have changed: people in the fashion industry are now working in a new media
environment. Regular consumers from around the world can see—in nearly real time—new clothing designs
and the models who walk the runways. If designers do not have a diverse cast of models, critics can express
their anger on social media and demand change.
As a result, the fashion industry has had to rethink how it represents beauty. It’s fairly common now to see
plus-size models in runway shows. Clothing and cosmetic brands also take care to reflect the growing numbers
of consumers in places such as India and East Asia by using more Asian models. For example, major fashion
houses such as Dior and Chanel have hired members of the popular K-pop group Blackpink to model their

21
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

designs.
The new definition of beauty is being written by millennials and a selfie generation: people who are the cover
stars of their own stories. Their demands for representation can’t easily be ignored. Thanks to social media, a
whole new category of power brokers1 has appeared: influencers.2 They—and their followers—want to see
people who look like them on fashion runways and magazine covers.
We are now living in a world where the idea of beauty is more inclusive than ever. Millennials and influencers
are pushing us into a new social awareness where everyone deserves to be seen and valued—no matter their
body shape, age, or skin color. In short, society has become more accepting because a global audience now
has a say in defining beauty.

1
A power broker is a person who has a lot of influence and control in a particular situation.
2
An influencer is a person who is able to generate interest in something (such as a product) by posting about it on social
media. They can influence a lot of other people (i.e., their followers) to buy or do things.

Choose main idea, detail, or inference.


17. Concepts of beauty in the fashion world have changed to become more diverse.
a. main idea
b. detail
c. inference

18. Before the appearance of Sudanese model Alek Wek on the cover of Elle in 1997, the fashion industry
had been focused mainly on white, European culture and a certain type of model.
a. main idea
b. detail
c. inference

19. Today’s fashion consumers are largely millennials, who were born between 1981 and 1996.
a. main idea
b. detail
c. inference

20. The fashion industry used to have all the power to decide what would be popular, but now that power
has largely shifted to the general public.
a. main idea
b. detail
c. inference

22
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
21. Fashion brands are now using more Asian models to reflect the growing numbers of customers in that
region.
a. main idea
b. detail
c. inference

Read the passage.


In recent years, social media has transformed the landscape of fame and celebrity. Previously, this world was
dominated by traditional media such as movies, TV, and radio. However, the rise of platforms like YouTube,
Instagram, and TikTok has changed that. Now, almost anyone can create and share content, reaching
audiences on a global scale. Social media has made fame more accessible, giving rise to a whole new type of
star.
One example of a star “born” on social media is Lilly Singh, a Canadian performer with Indian roots. She
achieved popularity through her YouTube channel, “Superwoman,” where she posted her first comedy video
in 2010 and rapidly gained millions of viewers who felt a connection with her personality and unique humor.
By 2017, she was ranked as one of the highest-paid YouTube stars, earning $10 million per year. Since then,
she has released a best-selling book, acted in movies, and hosted her own late-night talk show. Singh is one of
many content creators whose fame has extended beyond social media and into other more traditional media.
Another famous YouTuber is MrBeast, also known as James Donaldson, whose popular videos have gained a
massive following. He is known for performing silly actions, such as counting to 200,000 in a single 23-hour
video, and organizing unusual challenges in which people compete for prize money. He is also known for
donating large sums of money to charities. Through his work, MrBeast has demonstrated the power of social
media to entertain while also making a meaningful impact.
In the area of beauty, Huda Kattan has made her mark as a leading Instagram influencer. She began by sharing
videos on how to apply makeup. Later, she established her own cosmetic brand, Huda Beauty, which achieved
international success, especially in the Middle East. Her story demonstrates the potential for social media stars
to turn their fame into profitable businesses.
Beyond these individual success stories, social media platforms like TikTok have become a common place for
potential stars to show off their talent and gain attention. With diverse types of content—including singing
and dance challenges, fashion, cooking, comedy, and reaction videos—TikTok enables performers to reach
millions of viewers around the world, especially among Generation Z (people born between 1997 and 2012).
For many young people who enjoy this direct, informal, and interactive experience, these social media stars
have become the new icons, comparable to traditional celebrities. This shift highlights the power of social
media to shape popular culture and influence consumer behavior.
Over the past two decades, social media has opened new possibilities for individuals to achieve fame and
financial success. As technology continues to change, social media will likely remain a powerful tool for self-
expression, global connection, and for shaping popular culture. What might celebrity look like two decades

23
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

from now?

Choose the correct answer to each question.


22. What is the main idea of the passage?
a. It is important for online stars to have a personal connection with audiences.
b. Fame changes a person's life forever.
c. Social media has made it possible for many ordinary people to become
famous.

23. Which social media star is known for making large donations to charity?
a. MrBeast
b. Lilly Singh
c. Huda Kattan

24. Which social media platform is especially popular with Generation Z?


a. TikTok
b. Instagram
c. YouTube

25. What is meant by the phrase “content creators” in paragraph 2?


a. social media sites where people can post their ideas
b. people who make videos or other entertainment
c. processes by which people can become famous

26. In the last paragraph, what inference can you make about the nature of celebrity?
a. It was more meaningful in the past.
b. It will always rely on social media.
c. It will probably continue to change in the future.

27. Which social media platform do content creators use to share videos?
a. YouTube
b. Instagram
c. TikTok
d. All three

24
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
28. According to the reading passage, which social media platform is especially known for popularizing
singing and dance challenges?
a. YouTube
b. Instagram
c. TikTok
d. All three

Rewrite each sentence using the present perfect tense of the verb in bold.
29. Globalization improves people’s lives in many ways.

______________________________________________________________________________

30. Some people believe that social media helps our society.

______________________________________________________________________________

31. South Korean movies reach a global audience.

______________________________________________________________________________

32. The organizers of the festival donate millions of dollars to charities.

______________________________________________________________________________

33. The South Korean girl group Blackpink sells millions of albums worldwide.

______________________________________________________________________________

34. Many consumers buy items advertised on social media.

______________________________________________________________________________

25
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

Read the paragraph. Then read the possible concluding sentence. Choose the
correct description for it.
Crowdsourcing uses the combined efforts of many people to solve problems or make discoveries. One
widely-known example is the Zooniverse project, where ordinary individuals contribute to scientific
research projects. Critics have voiced concerns about accuracy with such projects, since so many non-
scientists are participating. However, measures such as careful design and peer review can address these
issues.

35. Concluding Sentence: Another common example of crowdsourcing is Wikipedia, where volunteers
collaborate to create and edit articles.
a. restates the main idea
b. asks a question
c. makes a prediction
d. states an opinion
e. is NOT an example of a concluding sentence

36. Concluding Sentence: Despite some concerns about quality, crowdsourcing can be a powerful tool for
seeking new knowledge by connecting the global community.
a. restates the main idea
b. asks a question
c. makes a prediction
d. states an opinion
e. is NOT an example of a concluding sentence

37. Concluding Sentence: As methods and the technology improve, crowdsourcing will likely become an
even more common and useful tool for making important discoveries.
a. restates the main idea
b. asks a question
c. makes a prediction
d. states an opinion
e. is NOT an example of a concluding sentence

38. Concluding Sentence: Chris Lintott, the founder of Zooniverse, believes that ordinary people around
the world play an essential role in making important scientific discoveries.
a. restates the main idea
b. asks a question
c. makes a prediction
d. states an opinion
e. is NOT an example of a concluding sentence

26
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
39. Concluding Sentence: With the whole world working together, what amazing discoveries could we
make?
a. restates the main idea
b. asks a question
c. makes a prediction
d. states an opinion
e. is NOT an example of a concluding sentence

Read the paragraph. Choose the correct responses.


Social media has become an important part of our lives, offering many advantages. Firstly, it allows us to
stay in touch with friends, family, and colleagues from around the world. We can instantly post updates,
send photos, and make video calls, helping us feel connected. Additionally, social media provides a
convenient way to stay informed and learn new information. Furthermore, social media allows individuals
such as artists, small business owners, and people trying to sell their used items to reach a wider audience.

Choose the concluding sentence that gives an opinion.


40. a. We rely so much on social media now—I think it would be hard for most people to imagine a
world without it!
b. Looking ahead, social media will likely continue to play a major role in communication and
business.
c. What would our lives be like today without social media?
d. In summary, social media today is an essential tool for communication and business.

Choose the concluding sentence that asks a question.


41. a. We rely so much on social media now—I think it would be hard for most people to imagine a
world without it!
b. Looking ahead, social media will likely continue to play a major role in communication and
business.
c. What would our lives be like today without social media?
d. In summary, social media today is an essential tool for communication and business.

27
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

Read the paragraph. Choose the correct responses.


In recent years, many internet trends have spread around the world, connecting people through creativity
and fun. In 2020, a TikTok trend had people posting videos of themselves creating fashion out of pillows. In
2021, everyone was watching the Korean series Squid Game on Netflix, inspiring internet jokes and games
as well as a new reality series. In 2022, people everywhere started playing Wordle—a simple daily word
puzzle—and sharing their results on social media. Soon, versions in other languages appeared, including
Spanish, Cantonese, Arabic, and Thai. Game developers quickly created daily puzzles in other subject areas
such as geography, math, and music.

Choose the concluding sentence that makes a prediction.


42. a. I’m looking forward to seeing what the next trend will be!
b. What will be the next big trend that spreads across the globe?
c. In all their many forms, internet trends are an entertaining way for people around the world
to share a common experience.
d. Given the speed with which internet trends come and go, the next big trend will surely come
along soon.

Choose the concluding sentence that asks a question.


43. a. I’m looking forward to seeing what the next trend will be!
b. What will be the next big trend that spreads across the globe?
c. In all their many forms, internet trends are an entertaining way for people around the world
to share a common experience.
d. Given the speed with which internet trends come and go, the next big trend will surely come
along soon.

Choose the concluding sentence that restates the main idea.


44. a. I’m looking forward to seeing what the next trend will be!
b. What will be the next big trend that spreads across the globe?
c. In all their many forms, internet trends are an entertaining way for people around the world
to share a common experience.
d. Given the speed with which internet trends come and go, the next big trend will surely come
along soon.

28
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

UNIT 4: ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

Match the words with the definitions.

1. diverse ⬤ ⬤ a. an amount of something that can be measured


2. species ⬤ ⬤ b. not likely to change
3. stable ⬤ ⬤ c. concerned with making money
4. commercial ⬤ ⬤ d. having a variety of different types of people or things
5. quantity ⬤ ⬤ e. a group of living things that share common
characteristics

6. definitely ⬤ ⬤ a. very bad or serious


7. declining ⬤ ⬤ b. understanding the facts of a situation
8. essential ⬤ ⬤ c. without doubt; for sure
9. informed ⬤ ⬤ d. becoming less
10 severe ⬤ ⬤ e. extremely important or absolutely necessary
.

Complete the sentences with the correct words.


financial industrial official

11. The mayor sends out a(n) ___________________________ email to all town residents whenever
there is a major policy change.

12. Some ___________________________ jobs include factory workers, electricians, plumbers, and
builders.

13. After I lost my job, I was in a bad ___________________________ situation for months.

29
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

Choose the correct expression to complete each sentence.


14. The Ocean Animal Research Institute is a not-for-profit organization. Because of this, it __________
donations and grants in order to successfully carry out its work.
a. takes on
b. relies on
c. builds on
d. moves on

15. Aliyah finished her marine biology course in the spring. In order to __________ her studies, she
volunteered at the Ocean Animal Rescue Institute in the summer.
a. take on
b. rely on
c. build on
d. move on

16. As part of her summer job, Aliyah __________ many challenging tasks. For example, she learned how
to handle and give medicine to sick baby seals.
a. took on
b. relied on
c. built on
d. moved on

Read the passage.

An Interview with Barton Seaver


A Barton Seaver is a chef and conservationist who wants our help to save the oceans. He believes that our
eating choices have a direct impact on the ocean’s health. In this interview, Seaver discusses how
individuals can make a big difference by making informed choices.
Q: Should people stop eating seafood?
B Seaver: There are certain species that have been overfished and that people should definitely avoid for
environmental reasons. But I don’t think we need to stop eating seafood altogether. I believe that we can
save the oceans while continuing to enjoy seafood. For example, some types of seafood, such as Alaskan
salmon, come from well managed fisheries. And others, such as farmed mussels and oysters, actually help
to restore declining wild populations and clean up polluted waters.
Q: What kinds of seafood should people eat? What should they not eat?
C Seaver: My general advice is to eat fish and shellfish that are lower on the food chain and that can be
harvested with little impact on the environment. Some examples include farmed mussels, clams and

30
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

oysters, anchovies, sardines, and herring. People should not eat the bigger fish of the sea, like tuna, orange
roughy, shark, sturgeon, and swordfish. Otherwise, we will face severe shortages of these species and
upset the balance of life in the oceans.
Q: Why did you choose to dedicate your life to the ocean?
D Seaver: I believe that the next great advance in human knowledge will come not from making new
discoveries, but rather, from learning how we relate to our natural world. Humans are an essential part of
nature, yet most humans do not have a very strong relationship with the world around them. I have
dedicated myself to helping people understand our place on this planet through the foods that we eat.
Q: Why do you believe people should care about the health of the oceans?
E Seaver: The health of the oceans is directly linked to the health of people. The ocean provides most of the
air that we breathe. It has a big effect on the weather that we rely on for crops and food production. It also
provides a necessary and vital diet for billions of people on the planet. So I don’t usually say that I am
trying to save the oceans. I prefer to say that I am trying to save the vital things that we rely on the ocean
for.

Choose the correct answers.


17. What is the main message Barton Seaver wants to communicate to people?
a. to stop eating seafood because overfishing is harming our oceans
b. to make better choices in order to protect ocean resources
c. to clean up polluted waters, since the ocean is our main source of oxygen

18. What does Seaver say about fish and shellfish that are low on the food chain?
a. Eating them could upset the balance of life in the oceans in the future.
b. They have been overfished and people should avoid them.
c. They can be harvested with little impact on the environment.

19. Where does Seaver believe the next great advance in human knowledge will come from?
a. developing technology to restore oceans
b. learning about our relationship with nature
c. making new scientific discoveries

20. Which of the following is NOT a reason Seaver gives for why humans should care about the health of
the oceans?
a. The oceans are beautiful and bring people joy.
b. The oceans provide an important source of food.
c. The oceans impact the weather and agriculture.

31
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
21. What inference can you make about Seaver based on his interview?
a. He probably avoids using any seafood in his dishes in order to conserve the
populations.
b. He probably has left the cooking profession to focus on ocean conservation
and education.
c. He probably prepares dishes with mussels and sardines rather than tuna and
sturgeon.

Read the passage.

Salmon Aquaculture
A Salmon are considered one of the healthiest fish to eat. They are low in fat and have omega-3, a
substance that is good for the heart. No wonder the quantity of salmon that people eat has tripled since
1980! However, wild populations of salmon have severely declined. So, most salmon eaten today is
produced by aquaculture (water farming). Yet, farmed salmon are linked to serious ecological problems.
B In the wild, salmon breed in rivers. The young salmon then swim to oceans, where they grow into adult
fish. As carnivores at the top of the food chain, salmon eat smaller fish. Due to the high demand for
salmon, the species has been overfished. Wild populations cannot reproduce fast enough to replace the
fish that are caught by commercial fishing.
C In marine—or ocean—aquaculture, salmon eggs are allowed to hatch and develop into young fish. The
young fish are then transferred to pens or cages in the sea. The pens are surrounded by nets so salt water
flows through them. The net cages are located in bays, where they are protected from heavy seas and
storms. One sea pen can hold up to 90,000 fish. Salmon do best in cold water, so the colder coasts of
Norway and Chile have many fish farms.
D Salmon aquaculture produces pollution if the sea water doesn't wash out the cages. Crowded conditions
in the cages mean that diseases spread quickly. If sick fish escape from the pens, they can make wild
salmon sick. This can cause an even greater decline in the wild salmon populations. Sometimes chemicals
and medicines are used in aquaculture. However, these can cause more harm than good if they enter the
food supply, where people consume them.
E Wild salmon hunt smaller fish for their food, but farmed fish must be fed. Most farmers use fish meal and
fish oil made from small fish. It takes four or five pounds of fish meal to produce one pound of salmon
meat. Taking this many small fish to feed salmon could harm the ocean environment over time. However,
new foods have been developed using insects and plants. This means some farms now use much fewer
small fish. The goal is to use one pound of food for each pound of salmon.
F The salmon farming industry recognizes that there are problems with efficiency, pollution, and keeping
fish populations healthy. Groups such as the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and the Aquaculture Stewardship
Council (ASC) have set standards for salmon aquaculture. The ASC puts special labels on products that

32
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

meet their standards. This allows consumers to choose better options. The goal is to encourage more
farmers to produce quality fish in a way that will keep the oceans healthy in the future.

Choose the correct answers.


22. These days, people are eating __________ salmon as they were in the 1980s.
a. around twice as much
b. around three times as much
c. about the same amount of

23. According to the passage, wild salmon lay their eggs __________.
a. in bays
b. in oceans
c. in rivers

24. Most farm-raised salmon eat __________.


a. insects and plants
b. small fish that swim into the pens
c. food made from fish meal and oil

25. One problem with salmon aquaculture is that __________.


a. diseases can spread and escape into wild populations
b. farmed populations cannot reproduce fast enough
c. heavy storms often harm the fish kept in pens

26. Salmon farming can improve in the future if __________.


a. consumers choose ASC-labeled salmon
b. farmers treat fish with medicine
c. more farms are started globally

33
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

Look at the chart.

Choose the correct answer to each question.


27. Which type of salmon production fell in 2020?
a. fishing
b. aquaculture (farming)

28. Which type of salmon production dominated in the 1980s?


a. fishing
b. aquaculture (farming)

Read each sentence. Decide if it describes an upward trend, a downward trend, or


no change.
29. The number of customers at Hiro’s seafood restaurant dipped in 2020.
a. upward trend
b. downward trend
c. no change

30. Hiro’s profits then grew by 25% between 2021 and 2023.
a. upward trend
b. downward trend
c. no change

34
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
31. Before 2020, Hiro’s restaurant profits had remained stable for three years.
a. upward trend
b. downward trend
c. no change

32. The number of customers at Hiro’s restaurant usually rises sharply between 7 p.m. and 8 p.m.
a. upward trend
b. downward trend
c. no change

33. According to Hiro’s data, customer demand for raw seafood (sushi) has stayed roughly the same since
he opened in 2002.
a. upward trend
b. downward trend
c. no change

34. The amount of job applications that Hiro receives has declined in the past two years.
a. upward trend
b. downward trend
c. no change

Look at the graph.

35
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

Decide if each statement correctly describes it. Choose the correct answer.
35. The graph shows the number of fish produced globally between 1990 and 2023.
a. Yes
b. No

36. Overall, the price of wild caught fish has increased steadily over the period.
a. Yes
b. No

37. As we can see from the graph, the price of wild caught fish rose and fell slightly over the years, but
overall it remained between $1,500 and $2,500 per metric ton.
a. Yes
b. No

38. The price of farmed fish increased between 2004 and 2014.
a. Yes
b. No

39. In 2019, the price of farmed fish was about $1,000 higher per metric ton than the price of wild caught
fish.
a. Yes
b. No

36
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

Look at the chart.

Complete the sentences with the correct words or phrases. There are extra words
or phrases.
between 1988 and 1988 by 2018 however
from 1958 to 2018 overall this chart shows

40. ___________________________________ the estimated breeding population of Pacific bluefin tuna

___________________________________.

as we can see between 1958 and 1988 between 1988 and 1998 by 2018
however overall rose to a high point steadily declined

41. ____________________________ from the chart, the population ____________________________

from 100,000 metric tons to less than 20,000 metric tons ___________________________________.

37
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

between 1988 and 1988 by 2018 fell sharply


from 1958 to 2018 rose by 50% roughly tripled

42. The population ___________________________________, from just below 20,000 metric tons to just

below 60,000 metric tons, ___________________________________.

but overall dropped however


increased remained steady this chart shows

43. _________________________, the population _________________________ to below 20,000 metric


tons again by 2008.

according between 1988 and 2008 but overall


by 2018 in 2006 this chart shows

44. Thanks to conservation efforts, the population was rising once again _________________________.

_____________________________, the population was still low compared to what it was in 1958.

38
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

UNIT 5: ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.


1. My vacation in Jamaica was __________ because it was my first trip to another country.
a. tragic
b. mental
c. physical
d. memorize
e. memorable

2. Learning a new language is a challenging __________ task!


a. tragic
b. mental
c. physical
d. memorize
e. memorable

3. For me, the best way to __________ new vocabulary is by practicing with flashcards.
a. tragic
b. mental
c. physical
d. memorize
e. memorable

4. When a loved one loses their memory, it can be __________ for the whole family.
a. tragic
b. mental
c. physical
d. memorize
e. memorable

5. Dancing is a good form of __________ exercise.


a. tragic
b. mental
c. physical
d. memorize
e. memorable

39
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
6. Sudden difficulty speaking can be one __________ of a stroke.
a. drug
b. minor
c. stress
d. medical
e. symptom

7. Too much work and not enough sleep can cause __________ on the mind and body.
a. drug
b. minor
c. stress
d. medical
e. symptom

8. If you think someone is having a heart attack, it is important to seek __________ assistance
immediately.
a. drug
b. minor
c. stress
d. medical
e. symptom

9. If you are ill, your doctor may give you a __________ to treat your illness.
a. drug
b. minor
c. stress
d. medical
e. symptom

10. He walked away from the car crash with only __________ injuries, like cuts and bruises.
a. drug
b. minor
c. stress
d. medical
e. symptom

40
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

Complete the sentences using the verb form of the words in the box. Words may
be used more than once.
hospital summary

11. After reading each chapter of our psychology book, we have to briefly _________________________
the main ideas in a paragraph.

12. Alfonso was ___________________________ for two days with severe food poisoning symptoms.

13. Researchers sometimes use charts and diagrams to ___________________________ complex


information.

Choose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence.


14. After being away for two weeks, I came back to find my apartment in a terrible __________, with my
roommate’s dirty dishes everywhere.
a. state
b. state of shock
c. state-of-the-art
d. state of emergency

15. Dina was in a __________ after falling off her bike, and she didn’t even feel the pain from her broken
arm.
a. state
b. state of shock
c. state-of-the-art
d. state of emergency

16. The family’s __________ solar heating system keeps the house warm, even on the coldest days of
winter.
a. state
b. state of shock
c. state-of-the-art
d. state of emergency

41
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

Read the passage.


Sleep and Memory
Many people think that sleep must be important for memory, but until recently there was little proof.
Scientists also weren’t sure how long-term memories were formed in the brain. They now understand how
the process happens, however, and why sleep is so important.
The Stages of Sleep
What happens in the brain when we sleep? The average adult goes through different sleep stages each night:
REM (rapid eye movement) sleep, and three stages of non-REM sleep. When we first go to sleep, we proceed
from REM sleep to Stage 1 of non-REM sleep, and then to Stages 2 and 3. Non-REM Stage 3 is the deepest
level of sleep. After that, we go back through the stages (Stage 3 → Stage 2 → Stage 1) and have a period of
REM sleep before entering non-REM sleep again. We repeat this cycle four or five times each night. With each
new cycle, the time spent in deep Stage 3 sleep decreases and the time spent in REM sleep increases.
Memory and the Brain
In 2009, a research team at Rutgers University discovered new information about the role of sleep in creating
memories. The team found a type of brain activity that happens during sleep. The activity transfers new
information from the hippocampus to the neocortex—the part of the brain that stores long-term memories.
The activity that occurs when information moves from the hippocampus to the neocortex looks like short,
powerful waves. The Rutgers team called this brain activity “sharp wave ripples.” The brain creates these
ripples in the hippocampus during the deepest level of sleep.
The Rutgers scientists discovered this wave activity in a study using rats. They trained the rats to learn a route
in a maze. Then they let the rats sleep. They gave one group of sleeping rats a drug that stopped brain-wave
activity. As a result, this group of rats had trouble remembering the route. The reason? The new information
was unable to leave the hippocampus and go to the neocortex.
Lifelong Memories
Because of the Rutgers study, we now know how the brain creates long-term memories. The study also proves
that sleep is important for learning and memory. During deep sleep, brain-wave activity transfers short-term
memories from the hippocampus to the neocortex. Then the sharp wave ripples “teach” the neocortex to
make a long-term form of the memory. Researcher György Buzsáki says this is “why certain events may only
take place once in the waking state and yet can be remembered for a lifetime.”

Choose the correct answers.


17. What is the main idea of the passage?
a. Our brains form long-term memories while we sleep.
b. Studying rats’ brains can help us understand the human brain.
c. It’s extremely important for people to get enough sleep.

42
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
18. Where in the brain are long-term memories stored?
a. the sharp-wave ripples
b. the hippocampus
c. the neocortex

19. When is information transferred from the hippocampus to the neocortex?


a. during REM sleep
b. during non-REM stage 1
c. during non-REM stage 3

20. Why were rats in the Rutgers experiment unable to remember the route through the maze?
a. Scientists gave the rats a drug that put them into a deep sleep before their brains could store
their memories.
b. Scientists gave the sleeping rats a drug that stopped their brains from transferring information.
c. Scientists gave the rats a drug when they went through the maze that stopped their brains from
recording new information.

21. According to what you read in the passage, why would it be important to get a full night’s sleep before
an exam?
a. so that your brain can record the information you studied
b. so that you don’t fall asleep during the exam
c. so that you will be able to think clearly while taking the test

Read the passage.

The Art of Memory


A We all try to remember certain things in our daily lives: people’s names, facts that we learn, and important
tasks. We use techniques like repetition—the idea that if we repeat a piece of information enough times,
then we will be able to recall it. But did you know that memory training goes all the way back to ancient
Greece?
B People began to value memory as a skill about 2,500 years ago. That's when the Greek poet Simonides of
Ceos came up with a technique known as the loci method. Simonides realized that it's easier to remember
places than it is to remember lists of names. According to the loci method, if you think of a very familiar
place and visualize certain things in that place, then you can keep those things in your memory for a long
time.
C Simonides called this imagined place a "memory palace." Let's say your memory palace is based on your
house. Visualize yourself walking through it. Imagine yourself doing each task in a different room. Later,
when you want to recall your list of tasks, visualize yourself walking through your house again. You will

43
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

remember your list of tasks as you see yourself doing each one.
D In the 15th century, an Italian man named Peter of Ravenna used the loci method to memorize religious
texts, 200 speeches, all of the laws of that time, and 1,000 poems. By using the loci method, he was able to
"read" books stored in his memory palaces. "When I travel, I can truly say I carry everything I own with
me," he wrote.
E In those days, most people did not have books or pens to write notes with. Therefore, they had to
remember what they learned. In her book, The Book of Memory, Mary Carruthers writes about memory
techniques of the past. She explains that ancient people considered memory to be a great virtue because
someone with a good memory could help preserve the society's cultural history and traditions.
F Memory training is still an important activity in many parts of the world today. In some cultures,
memorizing religious texts is considered a great achievement. Other cultures value people who can tell
myths and folktales from the past, as there is often no written record of them.
G However, much has changed. We've gradually replaced our internal memory with external memory. We've
invented devices so we don't have to store information in our brains. We now have photographs of our
experiences, calendars for our schedules, and the Internet and computers to store ideas. As a result, we've
gone from remembering many things to remembering very little. Nowadays, when we want to know
something, we just look it up. But how does this affect our society? Did we lose an important skill?

Choose the correct answers.


22. What is the main idea of the passage?
a. Memorization was once highly valued, but people don’t use it much anymore.
b. The loci technique, invented 2500 years ago, was an effective way to memorize information.
c. A person with a good memory is able to help preserve a culture’s folklore and heritage.

23. Who invented the loci method?


a. Mary Carruthers
b. Peter of Ravenna
c. Simonides

24. What is involved in the loci method?


a. going to different rooms in your house and memorizing what they look like
b. imagining a place and visualizing items or information in different parts of that place
c. repeating lists of names or numbers over and over until you can recall them

44
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
25. How was Peter of Ravenna able to carry religious texts and hundreds of speeches, poems, and laws
around with him wherever he went?
a. by storing them in his “memory palace”
b. by writing notes into books that he traveled with
c. by reading and repeating the information before bedtime

26. Which of these statements would the author most likely agree with?
a. Ancient people forgot their heritage because they didn't write it down.
b. Unfortunately, memory training is not as important today as in the past.
c. With computers and personal assistants, memory has become useless.

Read the sentences from the passage. Write cause or effect.


In those days, most people did not have books or pens to write notes with. Therefore, they had to
remember what they learned.

27. most people did not have books or pens to write notes with: ___________________________

28. they had to remember what they learned:___________________________

We've invented devices so we don't have to store information in our brains.

29. we’ve invented devices: ___________________________

30. we don't have to store information in our brains: ___________________________

Write a sentence with by + gerund and the two parts.


31. you can improve your memory and brain function / manage stress levels through relaxation exercises

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

45
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
32. you can stay motivated to learn / set small, realistic goals

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

33. you can create stronger memory connections / use multiple senses while learning

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

34. break complex information down into smaller parts / it is easier to process and remember the
information

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

35. you can deepen your understanding of information / teach it to someone else

______________________________________________________________________________

36. you can remember important appointments / set notifications on your phone

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

46
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

Look at the outline and read the paragraph. Match the sentences in the paragraph
(A–I) to the parts of the outline. Write A–I.
37. A Is there a special song that reminds you of a childhood experience or a special person from your
past? B Music has an amazing ability to bring back memories. C Spotify is one of the most popular music
streaming services available. D When we hear a song that we associate with a particular event or time in
our lives, it can instantly make us feel like we're living those moments again. E Sometimes we might even
hear a song we had forgotten about, and suddenly we remember a person or an experience we hadn’t
thought about in many years. F Considering all of this, is there a way we can use music to strengthen our
personal memories? G Making personalized playlists may be one way to do this. H For example, we can
put together songs that are meaningful to us and that connect to our experiences both in the past and in
the present. I By listening to these playlists in the future, we will be more likely to remember events,
people, and feelings connected to specific songs.

OUTLINE
Topic: Music and Memories

Topic Sentence: ________

Supporting Idea 1: songs can make us feel like we are reliving a moment

Detail: hearing long-forgotten song can remind us of forgotten events ________

Supporting Idea 2: make personalized playlists

Detail: songs that are meaningful to us ________

Detail: can play in the future to remember events from now ________

Sentence that does not match the outline:

is not relevant to the main idea of the paragraph: ________

47
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

Order the parts of the paragraph. Write 1–5.

OUTLINE
Topic: False Memories
Topic Sentence: Our memories are not always accurate, even if we are convinced that they are.
Supporting Idea 1: ideas from outside can change memories
Detail(s): person asks questions about something we saw; we start to remember differently
Supporting Idea 2: our own ideas can change memories
Detail(s): we may start to “remember” something we imagined many times
Conclusion

38. ___1____ Our memories are not always accurate, even if we are convinced that they are.

_______ In addition, our own imagination can affect our memories.

For example, if someone asks us about an event we saw, that could change our memory
_______ of what actually happened.

By understanding how false memories can develop, we can be better prepared to


_______ examine our own memories and realize our limits.

If we think about or imagine something many times, it may start to feel like a real
_______ memory, even if we never actually experienced it.

_______ External suggestions can affect our memory.

48
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

UNITS 1–5: ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

Match each word to its definition.

1. poverty (n) ⬤ ⬤ a. an area that is made up of farms or countryside, not a


large city
2. rural (adj) ⬤ ⬤ b. very, very sad and unfortunate
3. donate (v) ⬤ ⬤ c. to guess the number or quantity of something
4. estimate (v) ⬤ ⬤ d. to give money, or resources to somebody or something
5. tragic (adj) ⬤ ⬤ e. the state in which you do not have enough money or
resources to take care of yourself or your family

Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.


6. We were all poor. Nobody had more or less than anybody else, so we were all __________.
a. equal
b. medical
c. long-term

7. __________ are strongly influenced by celebrities. If a movie star is seen wearing a certain brand, sales
for that brand are guaranteed to go up!
a. Efforts
b. Containers
c. Consumers

8. This simple machine costs less than five dollars, so anyone can __________ it!
a. rush
b. afford
c. survive

9. The family runs a __________ fish farm and sells its fish to grocery stores in five different cities.
a. mental
b. potential
c. commercial

10. People may not be able to enter their deepest sleep __________ if they are in pain or discomfort.

49
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
a. diet
b. cycle
c. critic

Choose the correct answer to complete each sentence.


11. The _________ in the country is lower than in many other countries.
a. cost of living
b. make a living

12. In some areas, the __________ hang from poles above the ground, and in other areas they are below
the ground.
a. power lines
b. power plants

13. Vera Wang is my favorite __________. She makes the most beautiful dresses!
a. design
b. designer

14. My promotion at work isn’t __________ yet, but my boss has promised me the position.
a. office
b. official

15. It’s important for people to__________ with others. Spending too much time alone is bad for our
health.
a. social
b. socialize

16. No, I’m not ready to __________ more responsibilities. My current tasks are already more than
enough!
a. take on
b. rely on

17. The governor declared a state of __________, since many parts of the state were without power after
the storm.
a. shock
b. emergency

50
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

Look at the underlined word and decide if it’s a noun or a verb. Choose Noun or
Verb.
18. Thank you for your financial support. Without it, we wouldn’t have been able to build the children’s
hospital.
a. Noun
b. Verb

Look at the underlined word and decide if it’s a verb or adjective. Choose Verb or
Adjective.
19. The problem was preventable. If we had done something sooner, it never would have happened.
a. Verb
b. Adjective

Look at the underlined word and decide if it’s a noun or a verb. Choose Noun or
Verb.
20. The singer’s mother managed his career until he turned 21.
a. Noun
b. Verb

Read the passage.

Aquaculture: Good for the Planet and Good for our Bellies
What exactly is aquaculture? Aquaculture—also called aquafarming—is the breeding, raising, growing, and
harvesting of fish and other sea creatures in fresh or salt water. It’s an industry that provides a great source of
protein for the human diet and is also very beneficial to the environment. There are three main types of
aquaculture: algae, shellfish, and finfish.
Algae
Seaweed, a type of algae, is very easy to grow. Some kinds of seaweed are grown on longlines, or ropes, that
are placed several feet below the water’s surface. When it’s time to harvest, farmers pull up the longlines and
cut off the seaweed. According to experts, seaweed farming is very good for the environment. “Seaweed
farming, and all marine aquaculture, produces far less carbon emissions when compared to
terrestrial1 farming and livestock production2,” says Anoushka Concepcion, who teaches marine aquaculture
at the University of Connecticut.

51
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

Shellfish
Shellfish aquaculture produces oysters, mussels, and clams. These are first grown in hatcheries. A hatchery is a
place where eggs can hatch safely in ideal water conditions, with no other sea creatures to bother them. Once
they reach a certain size, the shellfish are transferred to a farm. At the farm, different methods are used to
grow each type of shellfish. Mussels grow at the top of the water on ropes that hang down from a floating
structure. Oysters can grow in bags or cages that float at the top of the water, along lines that are hung below
the surface, or in bags that lie on the sea floor. Clams like to anchor themselves to the ground on the water’s
floor. Farmers harvest them by digging them out.
Clams, oysters, and mussels can also be very good for the environment. Clams have helped break up harmful
algal blooms—or red tides—off the coast of Florida. And according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA), oysters and mussels act as filters that can clean up to 50 gallons of water a day by
removing nitrogen from the water as they eat.
Finfish
Finfish refers to fish such as salmon, catfish, and tilapia. They’re raised in hatcheries until they’re fingerlings
(the size of a finger), and then they’re transferred to a farm. Finfish farms may use warm water or cold, fresh
water or even salt water, depending on the type of fish. Finfish farms can also be either onshore (in natural
ponds or man-made fish tanks), in shallow coastal waters, or deep in the ocean.
From seaweed to shellfish and finfish, aquaculture provides over 50 percent of the world’s seafood. And with
its environmentally friendly methods, this industry is likely to continue for generations to come. By putting
food on the table and keeping our oceans cleaner, aquaculture is a win-win for our planet and for our bellies!

1
Terrestrial refers to things relating to land (as opposed to air or water).
2
Livestock production is the farming of animals—such as cows and sheep—for their milk, meat, wool, or other products.

Read the statement and choose True or False.


21. Aquaculture refers to how seafood has become more popular among young people.
a. True
b. False

22. Longlines are used only in shellfish farming.


a. True
b. False

23. Shellfish and finfish both hatch from eggs.


a. True
b. False

52
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
24. Shellfish help remove harmful things from ocean water and leave it cleaner.
a. True
b. False

25. All finfish farms use cold, salt water in man-made fishing tanks.
a. True
b. False

Read each paragraph with a missing topic sentence. Then choose the stronger topic
sentence.

26 What makes people truly happy? Is it money, the kind of car you drive, or the clothes you
. wear? Experts would argue that it isn’t any of those things, though they can be nice.
__________

a. Driving fast cars can be dangerous if you don’t have proper training.
b. True happiness comes from having a purpose and being part of a community.

27 __________ In these communities, relationships are more important than accomplishments.


. People spend more time talking to their loved ones than they do watching TV or scrolling
online. They share what is going on in their daily lives, their troubles, and their successes. They
report that they feel happier in general than others who have few close friends.

a. People in some places are happier than others.


b. In some places, it isn’t the amount of money you earn that makes you happy,
but rather the number of friends you have.

Complete the supporting ideas with the correct transition words.


28. The invention of the solar cooker has helped thousands of people in developing countries.
__________, it is inexpensive, so most families can afford it.
a. Finally
b. First of all

29. __________, it is easy to use and takes very little time to set up!
a. In addition
b. Another

53
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

Read the last paragraph from the reading passage in Unit 3, The New Beauty.
Then choose the correct answer.
30 We are now living in a world where the idea of beauty is more inclusive than ever. Millennials
. and influencers are pushing us into a new social awareness where everyone deserves to be
seen and valued—no matter their body shape, age, or skin color. In short, society has become
more accepting because a global audience now has a say in defining beauty.

Does the concluding sentence make a prediction, ask a question, or restate the main idea?
a. make a prediction
b. ask a question
c. restate the main idea

Read the last paragraph from the reading passage in Unit 3, Globalization and the
Korean Wave. Then choose the correct answer.
31 It used to be that the pop culture of the West—particularly of the United States—dominated
. radio stations, TV screens, and movie theaters around the world. Today, however, global
audiences are enjoying entertainment from a variety of countries. One reason for this might be
that listeners and viewers have more power now to choose what they want to watch and
listen to. These choices are determining the course of pop culture: where will these choices
take us next?

Does the concluding sentence give an opinion, ask a question, or restate the main idea?
a. give an opinion
b. ask a question
c. restate the main idea

54
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

Look at the graph.

Choose the correct answer to each question.


32. Which sentence provides the best explanation of the graph?
a. Between 1952 and 2020, the amount of Pacific Bluefin Tuna caught by fishermen in various
countries has gone up and down.
b. In 1988, a number of factors caused the catch of Pacific Bluefin Tuna to drop in various countries.

33. Which sentence correctly describes the graph?


a. The amount by weight of Bluefin Tuna that was caught in 2020 was less than the amount caught
in 1956.
b. The amount of Bluefin Tuna caught by Korean fishermen has increased every year since 1952.

34. Which sentence correctly describes the graph?


a. The amount of Bluefin Tuna caught in Korea has increased every year since 1952.
b. The total amount of Bluefin Tuna caught in 2020 was less than the amount caught in 1956.

55
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

Read the outline. Then choose the correct answers to complete the outline.
OUTLINE
Topic: Train Your Brain!
Topic Sentence: Apart from getting enough sleep, there are other things you can do to
improve your memory.
Supporting Idea 1: Avoid stress.
Details: _______________________________
Supporting Idea 2: Play games.
Details: _______________________________
Supporting Idea 3: Eat right.
Details: antioxidants, blueberries, and spinach

35. The Details “harmful stress, physical exercise = reduce stress” go under __________.
a. Supporting Idea 1
b. Supporting Idea 2

36. The Details “puzzles, math problems, crosswords” go under __________.


a. Supporting Idea 1
b. Supporting Idea 2

56
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

UNIT 6: ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

Choose the correct meaning for each word in bold.


1. The people in this village have some interesting customs, like not eating seafood when it rains.
a. personal objects they own
b. traditional behaviors and beliefs
c. clothing that they wear

2. The citizens showed pride by hanging their country's flag in their windows.
a. people who live in and belong to a country
b. people who visit a place for a short time
c. people who work for a government

3. In East Africa, it's convenient to know the Swahili language because it is widespread.
a. required by the law
b. starting to lose popularity
c. extending over a large area

4. Many people feel anxiety when faced with a new technology because they have to quickly learn
something new.
a. excitement
b. confusion
c. worry

5. We visited a remote village in Kenya. It took two hours to get there from the nearest town.
a. far from other places
b. poor and not developed
c. having a traditional culture

6. Our class organized a fundraising event at the local library. It will be held next weekend.
a. enjoyed
b. planned
c. attended

57
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
7. The first grade teacher quickly recognized her student had a learning disability and changed the lesson
plan.
a. identified
b. treated
c. announced

8. Students were very happy to find that the new app enables them to access the library remotely.
a. makes it necessary for
b. makes it costly for
c. makes it possible for

9. Stress is normal, but you can manage it by taking breaks.


a. get rid of
b. deal with
c. learn about

10. The new medicine may harm some patients, but the nurse will be nearby if anything serious happens.
a. heal
b. help
c. hurt

Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.


11. I only spend money on experiences that will __________ my life, like music lessons.
a. enrich
b. enable
c. ensure

12. The trip was wonderful—we __________ every moment!


a. enjoyed
b. enriched
c. ensured

13. By working to stop habitat loss and illegal poaching, the government will prevent more species
becoming __________ in the future.
a. enjoyed
b. endangered
c. enabled

58
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

Choose the adjective that shows the correct emotion.


14. Shows more emotion
a. nervous
b. distressed

15. Shows less emotion


a. happy
b. satisfied

16. Shows more emotion


a. furious
b. angry

Read the passage.

Prioritizing Students’ Mental Health


A Every day, Emily Herring, a school mental health counselor, meets with kids in trouble. Sometimes she sits
down with kids who just need to talk.
B Supporting students’ mental health is more important now than ever. Many students around the world
experience anxiety. They worry about grades, their appearance, and making friends. Others feel angry or
depressed. According to a World Health Organization report, one in seven 10- to 19-year-olds has a mental
health problem.
C There used to be a lot of stigma around mental illness. People with anxiety or depression were often made
to feel embarrassed. But since the COVID-19 pandemic, society has become more aware of the
importance of mental health to overall well-being. Kids are also more open to reaching out for help. “A lot
of our students who would never seek help are coming to my office saying they’re desperate,” says
Herring. “Nearly every day I have students say to me, I’ve never told anyone that before.”

An Epidemic Within a Pandemic


D During the first year of the pandemic, there was an increase in mental illness among students. In a 2021
U.S. study, 46 percent of parents said that their teenage child had a new mental health problem or one
that became worse.
E As students’ daily routines changed during the pandemic, anxiety and depression increased. Social skills
became worse. Herring and her colleagues saw a dramatic increase in fighting after schools reopened.
Some experts are concerned about the long-term effects on kids’ mental health.

Finding Solutions

59
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

F To reduce students’ stress, many schools have added mental health counselors. Like Herring, these
counselors are trained to recognize the early signs of anxiety and depression. They help students
understand and manage difficult emotions.
G If students don’t have access to school counselors, parents can find counselors to work with their children
outside of school. Many students prefer online counseling to in-person counseling because they can get
help from the safety of their bedroom. “You have all your comfort items right there,” said one 16-year-old.
H Students may also join peer support programs. When students help one another, it can build community
and encourage others to get help. Aneeska Sohal, 24, created a podcast about mental health when she
was at Oxford University. Students shared stories with their peers about what helped them.
I Another strategy is to teach students how to improve their well-being. If students are stressed, schools can
organize group walks or nap rooms. Teaching students simple breathing techniques can also help them
feel calmer.
J “Everyone is going to have issues that they deal with at some point,” says Poppy Lindsey, 20, a student at
Reading University in the U.K. But there is hope: “People are more supportive than you think and want to
help you,” she says.

Choose main idea, detail, or inference.


17. The WHO estimates that one in seven teens has a mental health problem.
a. main idea
b. detail
c. inference

18. Kids are less embarrassed and more open to receiving mental health counseling now than they used to
be.
a. main idea
b. detail
c. inference

19. During the pandemic, students’ anxiety increased partly because they were worried about the COVID-
19 virus.
a. main idea
b. detail
c. inference

20. Many students prefer online counseling because they feel safe and comfortable in their own space.
a. main idea
b. detail
c. inference

60
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
21. Many students struggle with mental health, but there are various techniques to help manage it.
a. main idea
b. detail
c. inference

Read the passage.

Education that Includes Everyone


A Students with disabilities face different challenges in their education. Disabilities may be physical, cognitive
(related to the brain), or related to learning. Modern education aims to give students with diverse needs
the same learning opportunities in an environment that supports them. Technology is helping make
classrooms more accessible to more students than ever before.
B Technology helps students with physical challenges, such as illness or limited movement. For example,
remote learning is becoming more common, giving students access to the classroom who have difficulty
attending in person. For those who attend these classes in person, devices like electric wheelchairs enable
them to move and join activities. Technology has even produced bionic body parts— artificial legs or arms
controlled by the user's thoughts or muscle signals. Bionic body parts help some students to move again.
C Communication tools, such as speech apps, help those who have trouble speaking. These let students take
part more actively in class and talk to each other. Brain-controlled devices may give hope to students with
severe movement or speech issues. These devices translate brain signals into commands that can control
computers, communication devices, or robots. With this technology, students could move objects and
communicate using their mind!
D For students with visual disabilities, screen readers and Braille displays are helpful. Screen readers turn
digital text into speech. Braille displays change text into a format that students can read by touching. Since
most textbooks and articles are now available in digital form, it has become easier for students with visual
challenges to access the materials they need.
E Students with hearing challenges also benefit from technology. Tools like listening devices increase sound
and stop background noise. This helps students communicate more effectively with teachers and
classmates. Captions also support students in understanding spoken or video-based information. Captions
translate spoken words to a text format.
F For students with cognitive challenges, visual support and interactive learning techniques are useful.
Schedules and graphic organizers provide structure and make it easier for students to do tasks and process
information. Educational games and interactive software entertain students. This enables them to learn
and remember better.
G Students with learning disabilities can benefit from technology tools too. Text-to-speech software helps
them to read by changing text into audio form. Other software recognizes speech and changes it into text,
making writing easier to manage.

61
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

H Furthermore, there have been developments in artificial intelligence (AI) in recent years. AI may become
useful in helping students with disabilities. AI learning platforms look at individual learning patterns and
give personal content and feedback. This helps students to progress at their own pace.
I As knowledge grows, and the science improves, researchers and teachers will continue to develop
technologies to better support students with disabilities. This will create a more effective and enjoyable
learning experience for all.

Choose True or False.


22. This passage is mostly about the different challenges that people with disabilities face.
a. True
b. False

23. For students who have difficulty speaking, computers that read their brain signals may help in the
future.
a. True
b. False

24. According to the passage, a bionic body part is an artificial body part that works with the person’s brain
and muscle signals in order to move and function.
a. True
b. False

25. The passage discusses the possibility of bionic eyes helping students with visual disabilities to see in the
future.
a. True
b. False

26. You can infer from the passage that the author wants access to education for all students with
disabilities.
a. True
b. False

Match the paragraphs with the topics.

27 Paragraph E ⬤ ⬤ a. cognitive challenges


.
28 Paragraph F ⬤ ⬤ b. hearing challenges
.

62
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

29 Paragraph G ⬤ ⬤ c. learning disabilities


.
Match the topics with the details.

30 hearing challenges ⬤ ⬤ a. listening devices; captions


.
31 cognitive challenges ⬤ ⬤ b. text-to-speech & speech-to-text
.
32 learning disabilities ⬤ ⬤ c. visual aids; educational games; interactive software
.

Read the condition and the result. Using the two sentence parts, write a zero-
conditional sentence starting with If.
33. people want to keep up with the changing world / they should adopt new technology

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

34. students want to get better at reading and math / they can practice with educational apps

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

35. students feel stressed about school or making friends / they should reach out to someone they trust
for advice

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

36. you are interested in learning something new / take a class or join a club

______________________________________________________________________________

63
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
______________________________________________________________________________

64
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
37. you want to succeed globally / develop your digital skills

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

38. you are having trouble with a class / join an online study group

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Read the paragraph. Decide if each sentence is a why detail or a how detail. Choose
the correct answer.

To become a better note-taker and improve your learning, try these strategies. First, use abbreviations and
symbols. For example, write "&" instead of "and", as well as arrows (➜), and equals signs (=) to show
connections. This saves you time and allows you to pay more attention to the teacher in class.
Furthermore, it is helpful to organize your notes. Use clear headings to separate different topics, and add
subheadings and bullet points for details. This makes it easier to find information and review it later.
Lastly, regularly review your notes. This helps you remember the important concepts and strengthen your
learning.

39. For example, write "&" instead of "and”, as well as arrows (➜), and equals signs (=) to show
connections.
a. why detail
b. how detail

40. This saves you time and allows you to pay more attention to the teacher in class.
a. why detail
b. how detail

41. Use clear headings to separate different topics and add subheadings, and bullet points for details.
a. why detail
b. how detail

65
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
42. This makes it easier to find information and review it later.
a. why detail
b. how detail

43. This helps you remember the important concepts and strengthen your learning.
a. why detail
b. how detail

Read the advice and the detail. Decide if the detail explains how to follow the
advice or if it explains why the advice is important. Write how or why.

44 Advice: Take regular breaks from screens to give your eyes a rest.
.
Detail: Every 20–30 minutes, look away from your screen and focus on a distant object to
reduce eye strain.

_____________

45 Advice: Develop a positive attitude toward failure.


.
Detail: By seeing your mistakes as opportunities to learn and grow, you will become stronger
and more confident.

_____________

46 Advice: Limit your technology use to maintain a healthy balance.


.
Detail: Stick to a schedule for study and social media use, and set aside time for outdoor
activities, hobbies, and socializing with friends in person.

_____________

66
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

47 Advice: Listen actively during class and discussions.


.
Detail: Take notes, ask questions, and look at the speaker to show you are paying attention
and are interested in what he or she is saying.

_____________

48 Advice: Make sure to celebrate your achievements and reward yourself for your hard work.
.
Detail: Recognizing your progress and treating yourself to things you enjoy keep you feeling
positive and motivated.

_____________

67
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

UNIT 7: ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

Complete the paragraph with the correct words.


block destroy particularly significant strike

1. When lightning bolts ___________________________ the ground, they can be very dangerous.

Lightning bolts sometimes start fires and can cause ___________________________ damage to

homes and buildings. Occasionally, they can start huge fires that ___________________________

forests. High structures such as towers and tall trees are ___________________________ likely to be

hit by lightning. Although it isn’t possible to completely ___________________________ a lightning

strike, a device called a lightning rod can be used on the roofs of buildings so the lightning is attracted

to it and travels safely to the ground.

Choose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence.


2. The airline has a special program for __________ flyers: customers who fly often and get special
services.
a. appropriate
b. frequent
c. mild

3. Most people don't want to be outside during a thunderstorm. However, some people stay outside
__________ to study storms or to report on them.
a. on purpose
b. on record
c. mild

68
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
4. Last month’s flood was the worst one __________ in this area. Previously, the worst flood happened in
1927.
a. on purpose
b. on record
c. frequent

5. San Francisco generally has __________ weather. The winters are not cold, and the city doesn’t get
many extreme storms.
a. on purpose
b. on record
c. mild

6. It is important to wear clothing that is __________ for the weather. For example, wear a waterproof
raincoat and boots when it is raining.
a. on purpose
b. appropriate
c. frequent

7. It is important to __________ your emotions. If you want other people in your life to know your
feelings, you need to let them out.
a. exit
b. explode
c. express

8. The balloon quickly __________ as the boy blew air into it, stretching out until it was bigger than his
head.
a. expanded
b. explained
c. explored

9. Colombia __________ around $3.2 billion in coffee each year.


a. extends
b. exports
c. explores

69
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

Choose the correct adjective or adverb to complete each sentence.


10. Florida experiences hurricanes __________.
a. frequent
b. frequently

11. Several trees fell during the __________ storm.


a. violent
b. violently

12. It is going to get cold later, so dress __________ when you go out.
a. appropriate
b. appropriately

Read the passage.

Wildfires!
A Wildfires occur all around the world, but they are most frequent in areas that have wet seasons followed
by long, hot, dry seasons. These conditions exist in parts of Australia, South Africa, southern Europe, and
the western regions of the United States. These places therefore experience particularly dangerous fires.
B A wildfire can move quickly and destroy large areas of land in just a few minutes. There are three
conditions that need to be present in order for a fire to burn: fuel, oxygen, and a heat source. Fuel can be
anything in the path of the fire that can burn—trees, grass, and even homes. Air supplies the oxygen. Heat
sources include lightning, hot winds—like the Santa Ana winds in California—and even heat from the sun.
However, most wildfires are caused by people, not nature, especially from cigarettes and campfires.
C When trying to put out a fire, firefighters must consider three main factors: the shape of the land, the
weather, and the type of fuel in the path of the fire. For example, fire often moves faster uphill. Southern
sides of mountains are sunnier and drier, so they are more likely to burn than the northern sides. Also,
strong winds can suddenly change the direction of a fire. This could put firefighters directly in the fire’s
path and threaten their safety. Sudden changes in wind direction also make it hard to predict the spread of
a fire. Lastly, dry grass and dead trees tend to burn faster than trees with lots of moisture.
D From past experience, we know that it is difficult to prevent wildfires, but it is possible to stop them from
becoming too big. One strategy is to cut down trees. Another is to start fires on purpose to clear land. Both
of these strategies limit the amount of fuel available for fires by removing plants and trees. In addition,
people who live in areas where wildfires frequently occur can build fire-resistant homes. These homes are
built from materials that don’t catch fire easily and are usually situated away from vegetation. Fire
researcher Jack Cohen has studied wildfires for more than two decades and is an expert on how houses
catch fire. “In California there were significant cases of communities that did not burn,” he says, “because

70
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

they were fire-resistant.”


E The planet is expected to get hotter and drier with climate change. So, wildfire risk is generally expected to
rise. Most experts agree that no single action will solve the wildfire problem entirely. The best method is to
consider all the strategies and use each of them when and where they are the most appropriate.

Match the details with the descriptions.

13. the shape of the land, the weather, and ⬤ ⬤ a. factors that firefighters consider
the type of fuel in the path of the fire when deciding how to fight a fire
14. oxygen, a heat source, and fuel such as ⬤ ⬤ b. ways people can protect against
dry trees wildfires
15. cut down trees; start a fire to clear ⬤ ⬤ c. conditions that must be present for a
land; build a home made from fire- wildfire to burn
resistant materials
16. the danger of wildfires, and how we ⬤ ⬤ d. predictions
can fight them and reduce damage
17. increased risk of wildfires because of ⬤ ⬤ e. the main ideas covered in the
climate change; the need to consider passage
and use all appropriate strategies in
the future

Read the passage.

Here Come the Hurricanes!


A Hurricanes are violent tropical storms with strong winds and large amounts of rain. Hurricane is the name
for the storms in the Atlantic Ocean, but they are known as typhoons and cyclones in the Pacific and
Indian Oceans. As these storms hit land, they threaten coastal towns and cities. Fortunately, weather
scientists—called meteorologists—can predict the route of the storms, and how strong they will be. This
allows people to prepare for possible damage.
B Hurricanes often start in the warm waters off the African coast. First, a “tropical disturbance” appears,
which is a group of thunderstorms. As the storms move over the warm water, the winds may increase in
speed and begin to turn in a circular motion. Then the smaller storms join into a tropical depression. Next,
if the winds reach 39 miles per hour (63 km/h), meteorologists consider it a tropical storm and start to
follow its path as it crosses the Atlantic. Finally, when the winds reach 74 miles per hour (119 km/h),
meteorologists consider it a hurricane. Hurricanes are labeled according to their wind speeds. There are
five stages, going as high as 156.5 miles per hour (252 km/h) for a Category 5 hurricane.

71
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

C Meteorologists at NASA (National Aeronautical and Space Agency) and NOAA (National Oceanographic and
Atmospheric Administration) keep data on hurricanes. Typically, hurricanes have a center, known as the
“eye” of the storm, where winds are quiet. The eye is surrounded by a ring of thunderstorms where high
winds circle around the eye. Beyond that are rings of heavy rain that can extend for hundreds of miles.
NOAA weather satellites take photos of developing hurricanes where these three features are clearly
visible. In addition, the National Hurricane Center fly special airplanes directly into the storm to gather
data on wind speeds and the direction in which the storm is moving. Then they use the data to make
predictions about the landfall—where the hurricane will collide with the coast—and what will happen.
D As a hurricane approaches landfall, its winds and rains rightly cause fear. However, another significant
source of damage is the storm surge, a wall of water that can rise as high as 10.3 yards (10 meters). First, a
storm surge can destroy buildings and roads along the coast, sweeping anything in its path out to sea.
After that, the surge leads to dangerous flooding in low-lying areas. This is why government officials
usually act before a hurricane is predicted to strike. They warn people to leave coastal areas to prevent
deaths and injuries. Dr. Phil Klotzbach, a hurricane researcher at Colorado State University, explains that
with the help of new computer models, landfall predictions can be made up to five days in advance. So,
the people in its path have time to make preparations.

Choose the correct answers.


18. Which is the main idea of the passage?
a. Hurricanes bring extremely high winds and large amounts of rain.
b. Hurricanes start as small storms, but grow into powerful ones.
c. Hurricanes are dangerous storms, and predicting them can save lives.
d. Hurricanes mainly damage towns and cities on the coast.

19. Which of these is a synonym for “hurricane”?


a. landfall
b. typhoon
c. storm surge
d. tropical disturbance

20. What is the least dangerous type of hurricane?


a. cyclone
b. tropical storm
c. Category 5
d. Category 1

21. What is the center of a hurricane called?


a. the eye
b. a cyclone
c. the landfall

72
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

d. a depression

22. Which of the following is NOT a way that meteorologists use technology to study hurricanes?
a. using computer models to predict storms
b. flying planes into storms
c. using satellites to take photos of storms
d. labeling storms based on how strong they are

Reread paragraph D in the passage. Order the events in the correct sequence.
Write 1–3.
23
. _______ The government acts to prevent deaths and injuries.

_______ The hurricane makes landfall.

_______ Computer models predict a hurricane.

24
. _______ A storm surge causes flooding in low-lying areas.

_______ People are warned to leave coastal areas.

_______ A storm surge damages the coast.

Complete each sentence with the correct forms of the verbs in parentheses to
describe a process.
25. Wildfires ____________________ (be) common in areas where the climate ____________________
(be) hot and dry.

26. When the temperature ____________________ (reach) 32°F (0°C) or below, water

____________________ (freeze).

73
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
27. You often____________________ (hear) the sound of thunder seconds after lightning

____________________ (flash).

28. As the Earth ____________________ (turn) every 24 hours, we ____________________ (see) the Sun
rising in the morning and setting in the evening.

29. After her eggs ____________________ (hatch), a mother spider sometimes ____________________
(carry) her babies around on her back.

30. A human cell first ____________________ (copy) its internal material, and then it

____________________ (divide) itself into two new identical cells.

Choose the expression that matches each description.


31. describes steps that are listed or explained from first to last
a. in chronological order
b. finally
c. to begin with
d. while
e. once
f. next

32. describes the first step in a process


a. in chronological order
b. finally
c. to begin with
d. while
e. once
f. next

33. describes an event that is happening at the same time as another event
a. in chronological order
b. finally
c. to begin with
d. while
e. once
f. next

74
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
34. describes the last step in a process
a. in chronological order
b. finally
c. to begin with
d. while
e. once
f. next

35. describes an event that happens just before another event


a. in chronological order
b. finally
c. to begin with
d. while
e. once
f. next

Complete the sentences with the correct expressions from the box. Two are extra.
eventually first next when

36. Many volcanos are inactive, but some may erupt. ___________________________, pressure builds

inside the volcano. ___________________________ the pressure becomes too great, the volcano

explodes with rock, ash, and melted rock called lava.

after before eventually to begin with

37. ___________________________ the gardener has planned the garden and bought seeds and other

supplies, he or she plants the seeds in rows and waters them daily. ___________________________,

the seeds sprout and start to grow.

75
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

during finally first then

38. Many birds spend summers in cold regions in the north, and ___________________________ fly to

warmer regions in the south for the winter. ___________________________ their trip south, the

birds stop along the way to rest and eat.

as soon as during finally while

39. ___________________________ the students are taking the test, the teacher walks up and down the

aisles to make sure no one is cheating. ___________________________ the students are finished,

they bring their test papers to the front of the class and leave them in a pile on the teacher’s desk.

next once third to begin with

40. How do runners prepare before a race? ___________________________, they dress in appropriate

running shoes and clothing. ___________________________, they warm up their muscles with some

light exercises.

76
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

UNIT 8: ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

Complete the paragraph with the correct words.


consists of construct religious requires structure

1. La Sagrada Familia may be the most famous unfinished _________________________ in the world,

but it is not the only one. For example, the Hassan Tower in Rabat, Morocco, was supposed be part of

a large mosque when workers started to _________________________ it in 1195. More than 800

years later, the mosque still _________________________ just the tower—the rest of the building

has not been completed. In London, another _________________________ building sits unfinished:

Westminster Cathedral. It was started in 1895, but a cathedral _________________________ a lot of

money to build, and the Church simply did not have enough to finish decorating the interior.

Choose the correct meaning of each word in bold.


2. Zaha Hadid is the architect behind the Guangzhou Opera House in China.
a. scientist who studies sound and hearing
b. person who creates sculptures
c. scientist who studies human history
d. person who plans and designs buildings

3. The theme of humans and nature is important in 19th century American art.
a. method of painting
b. subject or concept
c. study
d. image

77
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
4. Nature was Gaudí’s inspiration for building the Sagrada Família cathedral.
a. financial support
b. long-term goal
c. creative influence
d. personal memory

5. St. Basil’s Cathedral in Moscow was built in a style that became typical of Russian architecture.
a. period
b. manner
c. century
d. location

6. Zahi Hawass is an Egyptian archeologist who fought to protect Egypt’s treasures.


a. scientist who creates medicines
b. person who creates sculptures
c. person who plans and designs buildings
d. scientist who studies human history

Complete the sentences with the correct words.


classical modern regional

7. The Howes live in a historic 18th century house, but they decided to decorate the interior in a
___________________________ style.

8. Each part of the country has its own ___________________________ style of homes—for example,
homes in the cold, wet north are made of wood and have steep roofs, whereas homes in the hot, dry
southwest are made of mud and have flat roofs.

9. In many parts of Latin America and Spain, people build homes in the __________________________
style inspired by Arabic architecture: a square building with an open patio in the center, decorated
with plenty of tiles.

78
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.


10. Humans __________ from hunting and gathering to a farming lifestyle around 12,000 years ago.
a. transacted
b. transplanted
c. transitioned

11. The man received a liver __________ that saved his life.
a. transplant
b. translation
c. transition

12. I went to the bank to __________ some business, including opening a new savings account and
depositing some money.
a. transform
b. transact
c. translate

Read the passage.

Amazing Structures
A For thousands of years, people have been inspired to create giant monuments. Here are two great
architectural achievements, located on opposite sides of the world.

Chichén Itzá
B Chichén Itzá was a major city of the Maya Empire from A.D. 750 to 1200. Featuring stepped pyramids,
temples, and other stone structures, the ancient city is now one of Mexico’s most visited tourist
destinations. The largest building in Chichén Itzá is the Temple of Kukulkan—a pyramid with 365 steps. A
kind of calendar, the temple shows the change of seasons. On the spring and autumn equinoxes each year,
a shadow falls on the pyramid in the shape of a snake. As the sun sets, this shadowy snake goes down the
steps to join a carved snake head on the pyramid’s side.
C The Mayans constructed the pyramids with carved stone. Amazingly, they worked without wheels or metal
tools. To build a pyramid, Mayan workers created a base and added smaller levels as the structure rose.
Building the pyramids required many workers. Some pyramids took hundreds of years to complete.
D Chichén Itzá was an advanced city center and a religious site. Spanish records show the Mayans made
human sacrifices to a rain god here. Archeologists have found bones, jewelry, and other objects that
people wore when they were sacrificed. Experts also know that the Mayans were knowledgeable
astronomers. They used the tops of the pyramids to view Venus and other planets.

79
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

Göbekli Tepe
E Göbekli Tepe, in southeastern Turkey, is one of the oldest man-made structures on Earth. Experts believe it
was built about 12,000 years ago. The structure consists of dozens of stone pillars arranged in rings. Many
pillars are covered with carvings of animals. The tallest pillars are 5.5 meters in height and weigh roughly
16,000 kilograms.
F At the time that Göbekli Tepe was built, there was no writing system, and people did not use metal. Even
wheels did not exist. Amazingly, though, the builders were able to cut, shape, and transport big stone
blocks. Archeologists have found Stone Age tools such as knives at the site. They think hundreds of
workers carved and put the pillars in place.
G Archeologists are still debating the purpose of Göbekli Tepe. Klaus Schmidt—the archeologist who
originally excavated the site—believed that Göbekli Tepe was a holy meeting place. According to his
theory, the T-shaped pillars represent human beings. They face the center of the circle and perhaps
represent a religious ceremony.
H Other evidence suggests that large feasts took place at the site. Archeologists found thousands of animal
bones nearby, with stone containers large enough to hold 150 liters of liquid. They also found smaller
pillars similar to Göbekli Tepe’s in areas up to 200 kilometers away. It’s as though Göbekli Tepe were a
cathedral and the other structures were local churches.

Choose the correct answers.


13. What is the main idea of the passage?
a. People have been building huge, amazing structures for thousands of years.
b. Before the invention of modern tools, constructing buildings was much more difficult.
c. Large monuments were a way for people to watch the stars and keep track of time.

14. Which site served as a kind of calendar?


a. Göbekli Tepe
b. Chichén Itzá
c. Both

15. Which site was probably a holy meeting and feasting place?
a. Göbekli Tepe
b. Chichén Itzá
c. Both

16. Which site was built without the help of metal tools or wheels?
a. Göbekli Tepe
b. Chichén Itzá
c. Both

80
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
17. What inference can you make about the people of Göbekli Tepe based on paragraph H?
a. They were probably a farming community.
b. They probably practiced human sacrifices.
c. They moved around and spread their religious practices.

Read the passage.

World Heritage Sites in Indonesia


A Borobudur and Prambanan are important UNESCO1 World Heritage Sites located in Central Java in
Indonesia, near the city of Yogyakarta. The two sites have several features in common as well as significant
differences.

Borobudur
B Borobudur is the world's largest Buddhist temple, reaching 35 meters high with a base of 123 by 123
meters wide. It was constructed in the 9th century under the Buddhist Sailendra ruling family. It is shaped
like a pyramid with three levels, each one representing a different stage in the Buddha’s life. The reason
people journey to the top of Borobudur is for both physical and spiritual reasons.
C Borobudur was mysteriously abandoned by the 15th century. There are several possible reasons for this.
Firstly, political power moved east in the 10th century. Later, the religion of Islam began to spread.
Moreover, volcanoes and earthquakes threatened the area. The site was eventually covered with volcanic
ash and later by jungle. However, local people continued to tell folk stories about it.
D In the 1800s, the British Empire took control of Java. One leader, Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, had heard
stories about Borobudur and organized efforts to uncover the site. Unfortunately, this led to people
stealing stones and sculptures. Weather also damaged the site. In the 1960s and 70s, UNESCO and 27
countries joined to help restore Borobudur, which remains a popular tourist site as well as a holy place for
Buddhists today.

Prambanan
E Prambanan is the largest Hindu temple site in Indonesia. It consists of 240 temples, the tallest of which, at
47 meters high, is dedicated to the god Shiva. Prambanan was constructed in the 9th century, slightly later
than Borobudur—and only 19 km away—during the period of the Hindu Sanjaya ruling family.
F Less than 100 years after its completion, Prambanan, like Borobudur, was abandoned—and for similar
political and environmental reasons. An earthquake in the 1500s destroyed some of Prambanan’s
structures, and it was later covered in jungle. However, it remained the inspiration for local folktales.
G Like Borobodur, Prambanan, was briefly of interest to the British Empire in the early 1800s, and it was also
visited by thieves. Local people took stones for construction. Furthermore, it was damaged by weather.
Major efforts to restore the site began in the 1990s and continue today. More than a million tourists visit
Prambanan every year, and it remains a holy site for Hindus. The area is used as an outdoor stage for the

81
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

traditional dance drama of Ramayana.


Today
H In 2006, a severe earthquake hit the nearby city of Yogyakarta. Borobudur was spared, but Prambanan
suffered damage. In 2010, nearby Merapi volcano erupted. The ash blew away from Prambanan but
covered Borobudur. Another volcano erupted in February 2014. Now scientists and the Indonesian
government are debating how best to protect these special sites.

1
UNESCO is the acronym for the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization.

Choose the correct answers.


18. Which is the main idea of the passage?
a. Two ancient temple sites in Java with a similar history are still important to many people today.
b. UNESCO is an organization that helps to preserve important ancient sites.
c. Indonesia is a place where several major religions have existed side by side for centuries.

19. When was the Buddhist structure built?


a. in the 15th century
b. in the 10th century
c. in the 9th century

20. In paragraph C, what inference can you make about the abandonment of Borobudur?
a. People might have stopped using the temple because they were no longer interested.
b. People may have stopped using the temple after changing religions.
c. People probably stopped using the temple when it was covered by ash.

21. In what way is the Prambanan site different from the Borobudur site?
a. It is threatened by earthquakes and volcanoes.
b. It is still a holy place for religious visitors.
c. It is made up of many temples.

22. Which of the following statements is true about both sites?


a. They were both hidden by jungle but remembered in local folk tales.
b. They were both damaged by an earthquake in 2006.
c. They are both used as outdoor stages for traditional dramas today.

82
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

Read the passage and questions. Decide the topic of each question. Choose the
correct answer.
23. How far is Prambanan from Borobodur?
a. distance
b. height
c. place
d. year

24. When was Prambanan constructed?


a. distance
b. height
c. place
d. year

Complete each sentence with the correct comparative form of the adjective in
parentheses.
25. When tourists visit London, they particularly want to see Big Ben and the London Eye. Big Ben was

built in 1859, but the London Eye is ___________________________ (new) because it was built in

2000.

26. La Sagrada Familia in Barcelona, Spain, has been under construction for about 140 years, since the

1880s. However, Germany's Cologne Cathedral took a ___________________________ (long) time to

finish. Building in Cologne started in 1248 and finally finished in 1880.

27. The Giza complex in Egypt, consisting of three pyramids and the Great Sphinx sculpture, is located

on a low flat area 19 meters above the Nile River. Machu Picchu, the Lost City of the Incas, is on a

flat area in the mountains, 2,430 meters above the Urubamba River. Giza is not

___________________________ (high) as Machu Picchu.

83
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
28. The Vienna State Opera was constructed in the 1860s, but the Sydney Opera House was built in the

20th century. Therefore, the Sydney Opera House is ___________________________ (modern) than

the one in Vienna.

29. Venice is well known for its charming medieval buildings and beautiful canals. The problem is, it

attracts millions of tourists per year. If you want to avoid crowds, try a similarly lovely but

___________________________ (crowded) tourist destination such as Ljubljana, Slovenia.

30. Two wonders of the classical world are the Colosseum in Rome and the Acropolis in Athens. The

Acropolis was built around 450 B.C., but the Romans built the Colosseum in A.D. 72–80, so the

Acropolis is ___________________________ (ancient).

Choose the word that correctly completes each comparative sentence.


31. Chichén Itzá was built between 900–1400 years ago. __________, Göbekli Tepe was built 12,000 years
ago.
a. Also
b. Unlike
c. Similarly
d. In contrast

32. __________ the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt, the Pyramid of the Sun in Teotihuacán is a well-known
massive stone pyramid visited by many tourists.
a. Like
b. Unlike
c. Both
d. In contrast

33. __________ the Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt, which served as a tomb for a king, the purpose of the
Pyramid of the Sun in Teotihuacán remains unknown—but it was probably a place for religious events.
a. Like
b. Unlike
c. Also

84
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
d. However

34. __________ the Great Wall of China and the Antonine Wall in Scotland were built in ancient times to
protect lands from invasion.
a. Both
b. Also
c. Unlike
d. However

35. The Great Wall of China stretches over 21,196 kilometers and was constructed over many centuries.
__________, the Antonine Wall in Scotland was constructed by the Romans in the second century A.D.
a. Also
b. Unlike
c. Similarly
d. On the other hand

Read the paragraph comparing two sites.


Machu Picchu and Petra are two archeological sites that fascinate visitors. Machu Picchu, high in the
Andes of Peru, is constructed from stone and blends well with its natural surroundings. Similarly, Petra,
located in Jordan, features complex stone-cut architecture that blends into the rocky desert landscape.
Both were abandoned and “discovered” again in later centuries. However, the sites developed during very
different times and contexts. Machu Picchu is believed to have been a site for religious ceremonies, and its
high mountain location made it difficult for people to get to. In contrast, Petra was a busy and wealthy city
along an ancient trading route. Petra is also much older and was active much longer than Machu Picchu,
having been constructed in the fourth century B.C. and abandoned around the fourth century A.D. On the
other hand, Machu Picchu was constructed in the 15th century A.D. and was abandoned 100 years after its
completion.

Decide if each detail describes Machu Picchu, Petra, or both. Choose the correct
answer.
36. fascinating for tourists
a. Machu Picchu
b. Petra
c. Both

37. located along an ancient trading route


a. Machu Picchu
b. Petra
c. Both

85
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

86
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
38. built from stone
a. Machu Picchu
b. Petra
c. Both

39. abandoned and later “discovered” again


a. Machu Picchu
b. Petra
c. Both

40. built in the 1400s A.D.


a. Machu Picchu
b. Petra
c. Both

87
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

UNIT 9: ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

Complete the sentences with the correct words.


absorb adjust attract vary warn

1. Many birds have special calls to ___________________________ others of danger.

2. Some animals, such as deer, show their strength to ___________________________ mates.

3. Plants ___________________________ widely from region to region based on factors such as soil
type, temperature, and amounts of rain and sunlight.

4. Plants ___________________________ sunlight and water, converting them into energy that helps
them grow.

5. Camels can ___________________________ their body temperature in order to handle extremely hot
days and cold nights in the desert.

Choose the correct meaning of each word in bold.


6. The paleontologists searched for evidence of early feathers on dinosaurs.
a. something that is obvious
b. bones turned to fossils
c. support for a theory

7. Fossils give scientists clues about how ancient animals lived.


a. bits of information
b. detailed explanations
c. clear pictures

8. Water bugs glide across the surface of the pond.


a. the top part
b. the deep waters
c. the smooth bottom

88
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
9. An owl can fly silently, which gives it an advantage when hunting.
a. information or knowledge
b. benefit or gain
c. feature or quality

10. One characteristic of sharks is their rough skin.


a. piece of information that helps find the answer to a question
b. benefit or gain that something has over other things
c. feature or quality that makes something different

Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.


11. Octopuses can change color to avoid predators, and they have the __________ advantage of being able
to squeeze through tiny openings.
a. added
b. unfair
c. technological

12. The two neighboring countries decided to work together and combine resources for their __________
advantage.
a. unfair
b. mutual
c. competitive

13. Owls’ ability to rotate their heads up to 270 degrees gives them a __________ advantage in spotting
small animals for food in all directions.
a. political
b. mutual
c. unique

14. Scientists in the field of biomimetics __________ to create new and better technologies by studying
animals.
a. process
b. promise
c. protect

89
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
15. Some experts __________ that the market for biomimetic technology will increase to almost $60 billion
by 2032.
a. project
b. produce
c. proceed

16. The tech company needs to carefully study the device’s safety and effectiveness before they
__________ with manufacturing and selling it to the public.
a. promise
b. proceed
c. process

Read the passage.

Design by Nature
A All organisms are uniquely adapted to the environment in which they live. Scientists are studying the
design and the biological processes of these organisms to get ideas for products and technologies. This
field of study is called biomimetics. Here are two examples.

Toucan Bills and Car Safety


B Toucan bills are so enormous that it’s surprising the birds don’t fall on their faces. One species of toucan,
the toco toucan, has an orange-yellow bill that is 15–23 centimeters long—about a third of the bird’s
length. Biologists aren’t sure why toucans have such large, colorful bills. Charles Darwin theorized that
these bills attract mates. Other researchers think that the large bills are used for cutting fruit or for
warning predators to stay away. Another study suggests that the enormous bill helps control the bird’s
body temperature.
C One thing scientists are certain of is that the toucan’s beak is designed to be both strong and light. The
surface is made of keratin, the same material in human fingernails and hair. But the inside of the bill has a
foam-like structure, and is made up of a network of thin pieces of bone. It contains a lot of air, and some
parts of the beak are hollow, not solid.
D Marc André Meyers is a materials scientist at the University of California, San Diego. He thinks the
automotive and aircraft industries can use the design of the toucan bill to make cars and planes safer.
Studies show that the beak’s structure can absorb high impacts. “[Car body panels] that mimic toucan
beaks may offer better protection to motorists involved in crashes,” Meyers says.

Shark Scales and Swimsuits


E With more than 400 million years of evolution behind them, sharks have adapted to move quickly through
water. How? The answer is in their skin.

90
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

F Shark skin may look smooth, but it’s actually rough. Sharks are covered in scales—nearly invisible to the
human eye—that are made of the same material as their teeth. Viewed up close, the scales actually look
like tiny teeth. They point toward the shark’s tail. These scales protect the shark against parasites and help
to keep it clean. They are also flexible and can turn or bend in the water. This movement reduces the
water’s drag on the shark and helps it to swim quickly.
G Amy Lang, an aerospace engineer at the University of Alabama, studied the scales on the shortfin mako. A
relative of the great white shark, shortfin makos are one of the fastest fish in the ocean and can reach
speeds of up to 100 kilometers per hour. Lang and her team discovered that the shortfin mako’s scales
vary in size and flexibility over its body. For instance, the scales behind the gills and on the sides of the
body are tapered—wide at one end and narrow at the other. Because they are tapered, these scales move
very easily. They can turn up or flatten to adjust to the flow of water around the shark and to reduce drag.
H Lang believes that shark scales can inspire better designs for machines that experience drag, such as
airplanes and ships. Coating airplanes with a material that mimics shark skin would probably help increase
their speed. Coating ship bottoms with a similar material would not only reduce drag but also prevent
algae growth. Designers and engineers are also getting ideas from shark scales for designing things like
swimwear, underwater robots, and drones.

Choose True or False.


17. Biomimetics is the study of developing new technologies by imitating animal characteristics.
a. True
b. False

18. Toucans sometimes fall over forwards because their beaks are so large and heavy.
a. True
b. False

19. In paragraph D, the inference you can make is researchers have done crash tests using a strong surface
material with a foam-like structure inside.
a. True
b. False

20. The main idea of paragraphs E–H is that shark skin is rough to absorb impacts and protect sharks from
injury.
a. True
b. False

21. Unlike other fish, sharks are not covered in scales.


a. True
b. False

91
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

Read the passage.


Learning from the Magic of Gecko Feet
A Since the time of Aristotle 2,400 years ago, people have been interested in how gecko lizards stick to walls
as they move around. The famous philosopher wrote that geckos easily climbed up and down, facing in
either direction. Early viewers believed that the little lizards had sticky material on their feet that helped
them stay on the wall. Later, lizard-watchers speculated that gecko feet had tiny suction cups—small, soft,
cup-shaped parts that stick through air pressure when they are pressed on a surface.
B Until recent years, it wasn't important to investigate these ideas with experiments. Then, scientists thought
that if they could learn how lizards climbed, they could copy how geckos make a strong adhesive, or glue.
Scientists hoped to create something that could securely hold a heavy object on a wall, and then be
removed without leaving any marks or damage on it. Geckos, unlike sticky tapes and glues, can sit on a
wall and climb up and down it without leaving any marks. So, at several universities, researchers started
experiments to learn more about geckos and how they climbed. They believed they would be able to use
the same concepts.
C In the 1800s, a physics scientist named Johannes van der Waals had a theory that there was a weak force
between the molecules or atoms in objects that are near each other. This force caused some molecules to
attract and stick to neighboring molecules. It became known as a van der Waals force. When biologists
closely examined geckos’ feet, they found hundreds of thousands of tiny hairs called setae on each toe
pad. Dr. Robert Full of the University of California, Berkeley, confirmed that van der Waals’s theory helped
to explain the geckos' climbing ability: the setae created thousands of tiny surfaces for van der Waals
forces to operate on, helping each one stick a little bit to the wall or rock.
D In 2003, researchers at the University of Manchester developed gecko tape from a man-made material
that copies gecko feet. By 2012, scientists at the University of Massachusetts had invented Geckskin, a thin
material that can attach up to 700 pounds to a wall without leaving any mark. Since then, other
institutions have worked to develop robots using the same concepts. For example, NASA has developed
gecko-inspired robots for climbing surfaces in space and in extreme environments such as on Mars or the
moon. Stanford University designed a robotic hand with sticky “fingers” that could grip and move various
objects.
E Inspired by the biology of geckos, researchers around the globe continue to explore ways in which gecko
adhesion can be used for consumer, scientific, medical, and military purposes. Scientists suggest that there
will probably be many future gecko products.

Choose the correct answers.


22. What is the main idea of the passage?
a. Scientists studied the mystery of sticky gecko feet in order to create similar technology.
b. Scientists found that geckos have tiny hairs on their toes that help them stick to walls.
c. Scientists have developed robots that can climb walls and rocks like geckos do.

92
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
23. What did Johannes van der Waals discover?
a. a type of adhesive that can stick to walls without leaving any damage
b. tiny hairs called setae on the bottom of the toe pads of gecko feet
c. a weak force that causes nearby molecules to stick together

24. Who developed “Geckskin”?


a. scientists at the University of California, Berkeley
b. scientists at the University of Manchester
c. scientists at the University of Massachusetts

25. What were NASA’s robots designed to do?


a. Grip and move objects with gecko-like fingers.
b. Climb surfaces in space and in extreme environments.
c. Carry and attach up to 700 lbs to a wall.

26. What inference can you make about Dr. Robert Full in paragraph C?
a. He lived during the 1800s.
b. He has studied both biology and physics.
c. He was interested in Aristotle’s theories.

Choose the sentences that indicates a theory.


27. a. Lizard-watchers speculated that gecko feet had tiny suction cups—small, soft, cup-shaped
parts that stick through air pressure when they are pressed on a surface.
b. When biologists closely examined geckos’ feet, they found hundreds of thousands of tiny hairs
called setae on each toe pad.
c. In 2003, researchers at the University of Manchester developed gecko tape from a man-made
material that copies gecko feet.

28. a. Until recent years, it wasn't important to actually investigate these ideas with experiments.
b. Since then, other institutions have worked to develop robots using the same concepts.
c. Scientists suggest that there will probably be many future gecko products.

Read each sentence. Choose the best synonym for the underlined words.
29. Feathers on birds show a huge range of colors and patterns.
a. area
b. variety

93
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
30. Engineers could coat airplanes with a material that mimics shark skin to increase their speed.
a. protect
b. cover

31. Over time, organisms adapt to different environments in order to survive.


a. adjust
b. escape

32. Since the time of Aristotle 2,400 years ago, people have been fascinated by how gecko lizards stick to
walls as they move around.
a. push through
b. attach onto

33. Since then, other institutions have worked to develop robots using the same concepts.
a. traditions
b. organizations

34. Dr. Robert Full of the University of California, Berkeley, confirmed that van der Waals’s theory helped
to explain the geckos' climbing ability.
a. proved
b. repeated

Choose the sentence that best summarizes each paragraph.

35 Adaptations can affect an organism physically. For example, some plants adapt to living in the
. desert by storing water in their stems. Adaptations can also affect behavior. Migration is a
behavioral adaptation in which animals travel long distances in order to find food, a safe place
to breed, or a suitable climate. Gray whales, for instance, give birth in warm water but travel
to cold water for food.

a. Some plants have adapted to living in deserts by evolving to keep water in


their stems.
b. An adaptation can be physical, like developing a way to store water, or
behavioral, like migrating to look for food or to have babies.
c. An adaptation is something that can change an organism’s behavior over time.

94
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

36 We know that feathers help birds to fly. Here’s how they work: A bird’s feathers are not the
. same shape on each side. They are thin and hard on one side, and long and flexible on the
other. To lift themselves into the air, birds turn their wings at a particular angle. This
movement allows air to go above and below the wings. The difference in air pressure allows
them to fly.

a. Scientists have studied and figured out how feathers help birds to fly.
b. Feathers are thin and hard on one side and long and flexible on the other,
which helps birds to fly.
c. The shape of birds’ feathers and position of their wings allow air pressure to
lift and keep them up in the air.

37 Since the time of Aristotle 2,400 years ago, people have been fascinated by how gecko lizards
. stick to walls as they move around. The famous philosopher noted that geckos easily climbed
up and down, facing in either direction. Early observers believed that the little lizards had
sticky material on their feet that helped them stay on the wall. Later, lizard-watchers
speculated that gecko feet had tiny suction cups—small, soft, cup-shaped parts that stick
through air pressure when they are pressed on a surface. Until recent years, it wasn't
important to actually investigate these theories with experiments.

a. People have wondered since ancient times how geckos stick to walls, but only
recently have their theories been tested.
b. Aristotle was a famous philosopher who first observed geckos climbing on
walls.
c. People used to theorize that geckos had sticky material or possibly suction
cups on their feet.

38 Shark skin may look smooth, but it’s actually rough. Sharks are covered in scales made of the
. same material as their teeth. Viewed up close, the scales actually look like tiny teeth. They
point toward the shark’s tail. These scales are flexible and can turn or bend in the water. This
movement reduces the water’s drag on the shark and helps it to swim quickly.

a. Shark skin is made up of tiny scales that can move, lessening drag and allowing
the shark to swim fast.
b. People think that shark skin is smooth, but it is actually rough, made of small,
tooth-shaped scales.
c. Sharks can swim quickly because their bodies are flexible and can bend and
turn in the water.

95
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

39 Toucan bills are so enormous, it’s surprising the birds don’t fall on their faces. One species, the
. toco toucan, has an orange-yellow bill that is about a third of the bird’s length. Biologists aren’t
sure why toucans have such large, colorful bills. Charles Darwin theorized that these bills
attract mates. Other researchers think the bills are used for cutting fruit or warning predators.
Another study suggests that the bill helps control the bird’s body temperature.

a. Toucans’ bills are extremely large, and some people wonder why it doesn’t
make them fall over.
b. No one is sure why toucan beaks are so large, but possibilities include finding
mates, warning enemies, cutting food, and regulating temperature.
c. Biologists speculate that toucan beaks evolved to be enormous in order to
frighten potential predators.

Read the paragraph.


Biomimetics—learning from nature to create new technology—has led to some exciting discoveries. For
example, scientists looked at ants to help robots become better at solving problems. Ants have the ability
to find the shortest routes between their nest and a food source. They work together, leaving smell trails
to show each other the way. When more ants use a trail, the smell trail gets stronger. These tiny insects
also show remarkable problem-solving skills and the ability to learn from experience. Even when
conditions change and their way is blocked, they quickly find the new fastest route to their destination.
Inspired by these abilities, scientists have developed algorithms, which are like sets of instructions for
computers. These algorithms mimic how ants communicate and make decisions. Robots can use this
algorithm to find better ways to solve problems, like finding the shortest path for delivery trucks. By
learning from how ants work together, scientists have been able to make robots better at teamwork and
finding quick solutions.

Match the key ideas in the paragraph with the order they appear in (1–5).

40 1 ⬤ ⬤ a. As a result, these robots can communicate better and find faster


. solutions.
41 2 ⬤ ⬤ b Scientists created programs to teach robots to think and act like ants.
. .
42 3 ⬤ ⬤ c. Ants can also learn and solve problems.
.
43 4 ⬤ ⬤ d Ants communicate with each other to find the best pathways to food.
. .
44 5 ⬤ ⬤ e. In an interesting example of biomimetics, scientists observed ants in

96
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

. an effort to improve problem-solving skills in robots.

97
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

UNIT 10: ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

Complete the paragraph with the correct words.


careers comedy imagination role sketches

1. If you want to see something funny, TikTok is a great place to find ________________________. In

one popular type of video, a TikTok user (a TikToker) will perform funny ________________________.

The TikToker often plays more than one ________________________. For example, they will change

costumes to look like a different character in different shots. These shots are then edited together to

look like a real conversation is happening between the characters. It takes a lot of

________________________ to create these videos and to actually make them funny. A few talented

TikTokers now have successful ________________________--earning money and a large following--

from their videos.

Choose the correct meaning of each word in bold.


2. Some jobs require in-person meetings with clients.
a. people who pay for a service
b. people who live in a country
c. people who work in an office

3. India’s population is growing.


a. an area of land owned by someone
b. people who live in a place
c. the state of being well-liked or admired

98
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
4. It is said that in life, the journey is more important than the destination.
a. a place where you are going
b. a reason for doing something
c. a plan that you have made

5. Check to see if you need a visa before going abroad.


a. a certain amount of money in the bank
b. an international identification document
c. permission to enter or stay in a country

6. People’s bags are searched at the airport for security.


a. efficiency
b. curiosity
c. safety

Change each underlined verb into a noun to complete the sentences.


7. My daughter often imagines that she is someone else, like a princess in a fairytale or an astronaut in

space. She has a very active _________________________.

8. Rami was inspired to become a photographer at a young age. His main ________________________
was his grandmother, who gave him his first camera.

9. Marisol had a difficult time adapting to working from home. The hardest ________________________
for her was having to learn how to keep her career and her personal life separate while working from
a home office.

Choose the correct word to complete each sentence.


10. When a large company bought the small organization that my father worked for, he and his coworkers
worried about their __________ security.
a. job
b. home
c. national

99
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
11. New Zealand temporarily closed its borders as a matter of __________ security.
a. data
b. financial
c. national

12. After someone stole my credit card information to buy products online in another country, I knew I
needed to increase my __________ security.
a. data
b. job
c. home

Read the passage.

Understanding Digital Nomadism


A As a senior manager for Google, Arthur Deane had always thought being in an office was essential. But the
COVID-19 pandemic changed his perspective.
B Four months of working from his apartment in Washington, D.C., had Deane feeling stressed and needing
to get out. After researching places, he flew to the island of Aruba for a week. While in Aruba, Deane
imagined what it would be like to lead a digital nomad lifestyle—traveling the world while working
remotely.
C The term “digital nomad” was the title of a 1997 book. It argued that technology would allow humans to
work from anywhere and return to the wandering ways of our ancestors. Thus far, the self-employed have
made up most of the digital nomad community, but this could change as more companies rethink work
culture.
A Growing Trend
D Remote work was already becoming popular before 2020. When people were required to stay home
during the pandemic, millions of employees proved they didn’t need to work in an office at all. Now some
want to take it a step further—maybe they don’t need to work from home either.
E The digital nomad lifestyle is attractive for many reasons. Digital nomads can travel and see the world.
Living in another country is often less expensive, and the weather more pleasant. By working remotely,
employees can also enjoy a better work-life balance. All these factors can improve employees’ mental
health.
F There are now over 35 million digital nomads worldwide. This number is expected to reach one billion by
2035. More than half of digital nomads are from the United States. Popular destinations include Bali,
Chiang Mai, and Mexico City.
Know Before You Go
G Traditionally, the biggest barrier for digital nomads has been finding reliable Wi-Fi. Even though internet

100
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

connections have improved, digital nomads are running into other issues.
H In most countries, workers need a visa to stay for more than a short visit. Some visas are difficult to get.
Digital nomads should also consider local tax laws. Furthermore, some employees need to meet with work
teams or clients, which makes working across different time zones tricky.
I For employers, remote work saves money on office space. However, when employees work abroad, the
security of work data becomes a concern— especially for those dealing with sensitive information.
J There are sometimes drawbacks for host countries also. Too many visitors can crowd cities and raise
housing costs for local residents. Some places, such as Bali, were already struggling with too much tourism
and considering a tax to limit the number of visitors.
K Is the digital nomad lifestyle here to stay? For Deane, the chance to travel for a few months each year
could be an ideal situation. “I don’t see returning to an office full-time being the way of the future,” he
says. The coming years will show if he’s right.

Choose the correct answers.


13. What is this passage mostly about?
a. how COVID-19 launched the digital nomad revolution
b. the drawbacks of the digital nomad lifestyle
c. what it means to be a digital nomad
d. Arthur Deane’s opinions on being a digital nomad

14. Based on the reading, what does the word nomad mean?
a. a person who moves around with no permanent home
b. a person from your family line who lived in the distant past
c. a person who knows how to use new technology
d. a person who is self-employed or works remotely

15. According to the text, what do employers worry about when their employees work abroad?
a. different tax laws
b. security of sensitive data
c. varying time zones
d. empty office space costs

16. Which of the following is a potential drawback of becoming a digital nomad?


a. seeing the world
b. achieving work-life balance
c. lack of reliable Wi-Fi
d. cost of living in another country

17. What inference can you make about the people of Bali based on paragraph J?

101
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
a. They will probably welcome large numbers of digital nomads.
b. They enjoy financial benefits from the large number of remote workers.
c. They are choosing more and more to become digital nomads themselves.
d. They would likely oppose the arrival of more remote workers.

Read the passage.

Will AI Replace Us All?


A Workplaces are going through major changes because of new technology like artificial intelligence (AI) and
robots. By 2030, AI technology is expected to contribute $15.7 trillion to the global economy. There is no
avoiding the arrival of AI, but how will it affect us?
B AI and robots do some jobs faster and better. For example, in factories, robots can build things more
efficiently than people can, and without making mistakes. On farms, machines can help pick crops faster
and more safely. In offices, AI can generate reports and handle online customer service tasks. It can quickly
process large amounts of data, helping people solve problems and make smart decisions. This benefits
workers such as financial experts, research scientists, and doctors who examine X-rays.
C Even though AI and robots offer benefits, many people worry about job security. Jobs like entering data
into computers and working as a cashier might not need humans anymore. This will force some workers to
learn new skills and change careers. Some experts worry that workers who lack skills or training for higher-
level jobs could be left behind in the new AI economy. Even people in creative jobs—such as writers and
artists— worry that AI could make their jobs less valuable. And there are many other examples.
D After the COVID-19 pandemic hit, the Miami restaurant Sergio’s became busier and needed more staff.
They began employing robots to carry dishes to tables. The robots were efficient and cheap, saving the
restaurant money. Although this reduced available jobs for people, it made the job easier for the human
servers who still worked there. In the future, replacing some staff with robots or AI may allow companies
like Sergio’s to pay their remaining workers more.
E So, do workers need to panic? Some experts point out that although AI and robots will continue to replace
jobs that humans currently do, this won’t necessarily mean disaster for workers. In fact, it may not lead to
job loss overall. For example, South Korea and Japan have extremely high employment rates, even though
they are two of the countries that use the most robot and AI technology. In general, jobs will evolve, as
they always do when new technology is introduced. Humans will still be needed: after all, although AI can
do many things, it cannot do everything. It can generate ideas, communicate with us, and do some
physical tasks, but it can't understand emotions or humor like humans can. In almost every workplace,
from offices and schools to hospitals and hotels, people will still need other people.
F Although robots and AI will continue to disrupt the global job market, people will find ways to adapt. We
must learn to balance human skills with the tools that technology offers.
Choose the correct answers.
102
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

18. Which sentence most correctly states the main argument of the passage?
a. People who are in danger of losing their jobs to AI should start learning new skills.
b. Although AI and robot technology brings many advantages, the many drawbacks include
massive job loss and workers getting left behind.
c. Many people welcome the arrival of AI and robot technology, even though it cannot make
businesses smarter, safer, and more productive than humans can.
d. Even though AI and robot technology will dramatically change workplaces, most people will
learn to adapt as the job market evolves.

19. What effect did robot technology have on a restaurant in Miami during the pandemic?
a. Robot servers allowed the restaurant to add much-needed staff while making work easier for
the human servers.
b. Robot servers replaced all of the human servers, leading many people to lose their jobs.
c. Robots helped analyze the restaurant’s financial data, saving them money and allowing them to
pay workers more.
d. Robots took over the job of washing dishes, making the restaurant cleaner and more efficient.

20. What is true about South Korea and Japan, according to paragraph E?
a. Not a single person there has lost a job to AI or robot technology.
b. They use more AI and robot technology than most other countries.
c. People there have not yet widely accepted AI or robot technology.
d. Many people have lost their jobs there because of AI and robot technology.

21. Which is an example of something AI cannot do?


a. generate ideas
b. communicate with people
c. process data quickly
d. understand emotions

22. How does the author of the passage feel about AI technology?
a. The author does not think people should panic about the arrival of AI technology.
b. The author believes AI technology does more harm than good.
c. The author fears the growth and spread of AI technology.
d. The author does not feel there are any drawbacks to the arrival of AI technology.

103
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

Choose all the correct answers.


23. Which phrases from the passage describe pros of adopting AI and robot technology?

can help pick crops faster and more safely

helping people solve problems and make smart decisions

might not need humans anymore

efficient and cheap, saving the restaurant money

it cannot do everything

24. Which phrases from the passage describe cons of adopting AI and robot technology?

people will find ways to adapt

many people worry about job security

workers who lack skills or training for higher-level jobs could be left behind

may allow companies like Sergio’s to pay their remaining workers more

AI could make their jobs less valuable

Read the concession. Connect the ideas to complete each sentence.


25. more important: Chinese is a helpful language for business
less important: Chinese is hard to learn

Although ____________________________________________________________,

____________________________________________________________.

26. more important: I like living abroad


less important: I miss my country

____________________________________________________________, although

____________________________________________________________.

27. more important: some YouTubers are very popular

104
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment
less important: their content is not good

____________________________________________________________ even though

____________________________________________________________.

28. more important: Eric hates his job


less important: Eric makes a lot of money

Although ____________________________________________________________,

____________________________________________________________.

29. more important: Andy keeps posting videos


less important: no one watches them

____________________________________________________________ even though

____________________________________________________________.

30. more important: I worry about my phone being stolen


less important: my phone is locked

Even though ____________________________________________________________,

____________________________________________________________.

Read the paragraph.


Moving to a remote area, such as a tiny mountain village in Italy, has a lot of appeal. However, it may not
be as romantic as you think. Although being in a beautiful, peaceful place may be good for your mental
health, remember that you will be far away from city comforts and important services. For example, it may
be an hour’s drive on bumpy roads to the nearest supermarket or hospital. Furthermore, you may start to
feel lonely, even though you can still chat with friends on the internet. Small towns can be very friendly,
but there aren’t a lot of people there, and you will likely have fewer opportunities to socialize. In short,
living far from civilization can be charming, but it could be challenging for someone who is used to a
different kind of lifestyle.

105
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

Identify the different parts and match accordingly.

31. Main Argument ⬤ ⬤ a. you may start to feel lonely


32. Supporting Idea 1 ⬤ ⬤ b. … even though you can still chat with friends on the
internet.
33. Concession 1 ⬤ ⬤ c. Although being in a beautiful, peaceful place may be
good for your mental health, …
34. Supporting Idea 2 ⬤ ⬤ d. you will be far away from city comforts and
important services
35. Concession 2 ⬤ ⬤ e. Living in a remote area may not be as romantic as
you think.

Read the paragraph.


Lots of high school graduates decide to go to a four-year college. However, it's not for everyone. Although
a college degree can lead to higher salaries, there are other possible paths to success. For example,
training for a skilled trade, such as an electrician, can lead to excellent job opportunities. Moreover, the
high cost of college in the U.S. is a huge concern for many young people. For these reasons and more,
some students choose not to make college a part of their future career path.

Identify the different parts and match accordingly.

36. Main Argument ⬤ ⬤ a. a college degree can lead to higher salaries


37. Supporting Idea 1 ⬤ ⬤ b. the high cost of college is a huge concern
38. Concession 1 ⬤ ⬤ c. training for a skilled trade can lead to excellent jobs
39. Detail for Supporting ⬤ ⬤ d. College is not for everyone.
Idea 1
40. Supporting Idea 2 ⬤ ⬤ e. there are other possible paths to success

106
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

UNITS 6–10: ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.


1. It’s important to __________ that the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant effect on people’s mental
health. Many people reported feeling extremely scared and lonely during this time.
a. collide
b. explode
c. recognize

2. The village had a bad harvest and then a drought. Villagers had to move south in search of food
because __________ were so bad.
a. industries
b. conditions
c. sculptures

3. The building was designed to be __________ place; a place for people to and pray and get away from
the stress of everyday life.
a. a violent
b. a holy
c. an embarrassed

4. A toucan’s large and colorful beak is its __________ feature.


a. characteristic
b. technique
c. archeologist

5. The popular YouTuber __________ several of his friends to produce his show—which includes writing,
filming, editing, and marketing. “It’s a dream job,” one friend says.
a. employs
b. destroys
c. absorbs

107
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

Match each word with its synonym.

6. custom (n) ⬤ ⬤ a. benefit


7. strike (v) ⬤ ⬤ b. regular
8. construct (v) ⬤ ⬤ c. tradition
9. advantage (n) ⬤ ⬤ d. hit
10 ordinary (adj) ⬤ ⬤ e. build
.

Complete each sentence with the word in parentheses and the correct suffix from
the box.
-ation -ly

11. The storm shook the house so ___________________________ (violent) that all the books fell off the
shelves.

12. The ___________________________ (inspire) for the design of the 30 St. Mary Axe building in
London was a sea sponge—a long, spiraling structure.

Complete each sentence with the correct word from the box.
advantage security style

13. Data ___________________________ has become an important industry, as companies try to protect
customers’ online information from being stolen.

14. Working-from-home provides a mutual___________________________ to both employees and


employers; employers can spend less on providing work space, and employees don’t have to spend
time traveling to an office.

15. Architect Bob Hockenberry puts a little of his own personal ___________________________ into each
of his designs. “I’ve always loved circular windows, so I make sure that all of my projects have one,”
he says.

108
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

Add the correct prefix from the box to complete the words in each sentence.
ex pro trans

16. Digital nomads are able to ____________plore the world, while still making a living working online.

17. After the devastating storm, the mayor ____________mised city residents that she would do
everything she could to help them rebuild their homes and the community.

18. When you step inside the building, you feel like you have been ____________ported to another
planet. The walls and windows look like something from a science-fiction movie!

Match the words to the adjectives that describe a similar emotion.

19 excited ⬤ ⬤ a. depressed, wistful


.
20 sad ⬤ ⬤ b. thrilled, pleased
.

Read the passage.

Functional and Fantastic Design


Have you ever wondered how architects dream up their designs? You may be surprised to find out that the
ideas for some of the world’s most modern-looking architecture come from things that are found in nature.
For example, the Beijing National Stadium in China looks like a bird’s nest, and the Aldar Headquarters in Abu
Dhabi, U.A.E., looks like a clam shell. Biomimetic architecture draws inspiration from the Earth to create
architectural wonders. Biomimetics is the study of natural materials and living organisms to create similar
man-made products and processes.
Let’s take a closer look at two such structures that were inspired by nature: Singapore’s Helix Bridge and
India’s Lotus Temple. The Helix Bridge was completed in 2010. It’s a 280-meter-long structure that crosses the
Marina Bay in Singapore. It looks like the double helix of a human DNA1 molecule—a huge version of the tiny
structure within each living cell. The bridge has sets of steel bars that curve and overlap to make a spiral. It is
used as a walkway for pedestrians, and it includes viewing platforms where people can see all around the bay.
At night, the structure is lit up, and the letters “c,” “g,” “a,” and “t” shine brightly in red and green to represent
the four parts of DNA (cytosine, guanine, adenine, and thymine).
The Lotus Temple is located in New Delhi, India. It was opened in 1986. It has a nine-sided, circular shape, and

109
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

is 34.3 meters tall and 70 meters in diameter. The architect, Fariborz Sahba, based his design on the shape of
the lotus flower because the lotus is an important religious symbol that represents purity, holiness, and
knowledge. Similar to a real lotus, the temple uses energy from the sun. Solar panels on the building generate
120 kilowatts of electricity, which in turn saves 120,000 rupees2 a month.
The Helix Bridge and the Lotus Temple are great examples of what mankind can do when inspired by nature.
Architectural knowledge and expertise, as well as advances in technology and engineering, have made it
possible to create such incredible buildings. Biomimetics will no doubt continue to be popular with architects
who wish to combine inspiration from nature with human skill and knowledge. The results are buildings that
are both functional and fantastic!

1
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a complex molecule that contains genetic information for the development and
functioning of an organism.
2
The rupee is the standard unit of money used in India.

Choose the correct answers.


21. This reading passage is mainly about __________.
a. religious buildings around the world
b. how to build safe bridges
c. structures that look like things from nature

22. An alternative title to this passage could be __________.


a. The Oldest Building in the World
b. Biomimetics in Architecture
c. The Best Places to Go Sightseeing

23. According to the passage, which structure uses a natural source of energy?
a. the Helix Bridge
b. the Lotus Temple
c. neither the Helix Bridge nor the Lotus Temple

24. Based on the passage, the author probably thinks biomimetics is __________.
a. a good approach to architecture
b. harmful to the environment
c. no longer very useful

25. According to the last paragraph of the passage, the design of buildings like the Helix Bridge and the
Lotus Temple is possible because of __________.
a. inspiration from nature and modern engineering
b. good teamwork between architects and local officials

110
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

c. ideal weather conditions and features of the land

Read each sentence. Look at the underlined portion and decide if it’s a condition or
a result. Choose Condition or Result.
26. If students spend a lot of time in front of a computer screen, their eyes could get very tired.
a. Condition
b. Result

27. You need to create your own home office if you decide to work from home.
a. Condition
b. Result

Complete the paragraph with the correct words.


Initially Once

28. Hurricanes are strong storms that form over ocean water. ___________________________, hot air

from the ocean rises because of low air pressure. The hot air begins to turn quickly in a circle, and this

circle sometimes moves towards land. ___________________________ a hurricane reaches land, it

slows down and eventually stops.

Choose the correct answers.


29. Although Taipei 101 is one of the world’s tallest skyscrapers at 1,667 feet, it’s __________ the Burj
Khalifa, which is 2,717 feet tall.
a. taller than
b. not as tall as

30. Black ice forms on roads when temperatures drop below freezing after it rains, and the ground is wet.
Black ice is __________ snow because it’s impossible for drivers to see.
a. less dangerous than
b. more dangerous than

111
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
LEVEL 2 Assessment

Read the paragraph from the reading passage in Unit 9, Design by Nature. Then
choose the better summary.

31 Shark skin may look smooth, but it’s actually rough. Sharks are covered in scales—nearly
. invisible to the human eye—that are made of the same material as their teeth. Viewed up
close, the scales actually look like tiny teeth. They point toward the shark’s tail. These scales
protect the shark against parasites and help to keep it clean. They are also flexible and can turn
or bend in the water. This movement reduces the water’s drag on the shark and helps it to
swim quickly.

a. Sharks are able to swim fast because of the shape of their bodies. Their bodies
are covered with scales that are smooth and flexible. This allows them to move
quickly through the water.
b. Shark skin does not look the way it feels. It has tiny scales on it that look like
teeth. These scales protect the shark and help it swim faster.

Match the parts to complete the arguments.

32. Although students shouldn’t spend ⬤ ⬤ a. using digital devices in the classroom
too much time on a screen, can be helpful.
33. Wildfires can be very dangerous and ⬤ ⬤ b. being a digital nomad offers a lot
destructive. more flexibility.
34. Even though working in an office ⬤ ⬤ c. However, they can also be beneficial
building has its advantages, to the environment.

112
© Cengage Learning, Inc.

You might also like