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Machine Learning One Shot

The document provides a comprehensive overview of Machine Learning (ML), defining it as a subset of AI that enables systems to learn from data. It outlines various paradigms such as supervised, unsupervised, semi-supervised, and reinforcement learning, along with the lifecycle of an ML project and key concepts. Additionally, it discusses popular algorithms, advanced topics, tools, and tips for mastering ML.

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18 views4 pages

Machine Learning One Shot

The document provides a comprehensive overview of Machine Learning (ML), defining it as a subset of AI that enables systems to learn from data. It outlines various paradigms such as supervised, unsupervised, semi-supervised, and reinforcement learning, along with the lifecycle of an ML project and key concepts. Additionally, it discusses popular algorithms, advanced topics, tools, and tips for mastering ML.

Uploaded by

2303031057056
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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One-Shot Deep Dive into Machine Learning

I. Introduction to Machine Learning (ML)

- Definition: ML is a subset of AI that enables systems to learn and improve from experience without

being explicitly programmed.

- Core Idea: Algorithms identify patterns in data and make predictions or decisions based on it.

II. Machine Learning Paradigms

1. Supervised Learning

- Labeled data

- Tasks: Classification, Regression

- Algorithms: Linear Regression, Logistic Regression, SVM, Decision Trees, k-NN

2. Unsupervised Learning

- Unlabeled data

- Tasks: Clustering, Dimensionality Reduction

- Algorithms: K-Means, DBSCAN, PCA, t-SNE

3. Semi-Supervised Learning

- Small amount of labeled data + large amount of unlabeled data

- Useful when labeling is expensive

4. Reinforcement Learning

- Agents learn actions in an environment to maximize cumulative reward

- Core concepts: Agent, Environment, State, Action, Reward

- Algorithms: Q-Learning, Deep Q-Networks, Policy Gradient Methods


III. Lifecycle of a Machine Learning Project

1. Define the Problem

2. Collect Data

3. Clean & Preprocess Data

4. Feature Engineering

5. Select Model

6. Train Model

7. Evaluate Model

8. Hyperparameter Tuning

9. Deploy Model

10. Monitor & Maintain

IV. Key Concepts

- Overfitting vs Underfitting

- Bias-Variance Tradeoff

- Cross-Validation (k-Fold)

- Confusion Matrix, Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1 Score

- ROC-AUC

V. Data Preparation

- Data Cleaning: Handle missing values, remove outliers

- Normalization vs Standardization

- One-Hot Encoding, Label Encoding

- Train-Test Split

VI. Theory Behind ML


1. PAC Learning (Probably Approximately Correct)

- Framework to analyze learnability of concepts

- Key idea: With high probability, a hypothesis will perform well on unseen data

2. Version Space

- Hypothesis space consistent with observed training examples

- General boundary (G) and Specific boundary (S)

VII. Popular ML Algorithms (with type)

- Linear Regression (Supervised - Regression)

- Logistic Regression (Supervised - Classification)

- Decision Trees (Supervised - Both)

- Random Forests (Supervised - Both)

- SVM (Supervised - Classification)

- Naive Bayes (Supervised - Classification)

- K-Means (Unsupervised - Clustering)

- PCA (Unsupervised - Dimensionality Reduction)

- Neural Networks (Supervised/Semi/Reinforcement)

VIII. Advanced Topics

- Deep Learning: CNNs, RNNs, Transformers

- Transfer Learning

- Ensemble Learning: Bagging, Boosting, Stacking

- Explainable AI (XAI)

- AutoML

IX. Tools & Libraries


- Python, NumPy, pandas, matplotlib

- scikit-learn, TensorFlow, PyTorch, XGBoost, LightGBM

X. Deployment & Monitoring

- APIs using Flask/FastAPI

- Model Serialization (pickle, joblib, ONNX)

- Monitoring: Drift detection, Accuracy decay

XI. Tips for Mastery

- Build projects, join competitions (Kaggle)

- Understand theory and practice simultaneously

- Stay updated with research papers

- Revisit math: Linear Algebra, Calculus, Probability, Stats

Conclusion

Machine Learning is both an art and science. It blends statistics, coding, and domain knowledge to

build intelligent systems. With structured practice and deep understanding, anyone can master it.

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