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Sampling (1)

The document details Experiment 5 on sampling, illustrating the process with graphs of a continuous sine wave, a digital square wave, and the resulting sampled signal. It discusses the effects of sampling and holding on signal reconstruction, highlighting issues like aliasing when the sampling frequency is not adequately set. The frequency domain representation of the sample and hold process is also described, showing the presence of impulses at various frequencies.

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mohamed hassan
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2 views

Sampling (1)

The document details Experiment 5 on sampling, illustrating the process with graphs of a continuous sine wave, a digital square wave, and the resulting sampled signal. It discusses the effects of sampling and holding on signal reconstruction, highlighting issues like aliasing when the sampling frequency is not adequately set. The frequency domain representation of the sample and hold process is also described, showing the presence of impulses at various frequencies.

Uploaded by

mohamed hassan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Experiment 5: Sampling

Results:
1) Sampled Signal:

The graph displays three signals involved in a sampling process. The top
signal is a continuous sine wave representing the original analog input.
The bottom signal is a digital square wave acting as the sampling clock.
The middle signal is the sampled signal, generated by taking values from
the sine wave at the edges of the clock signal and multiply them with
each other.
2) Sample and hold signal:

The top signal is a continuous sine wave representing the analog input.
The bottom signal is a digital square wave acting as the sampling
clock. The middle signal shows the sample and hold output signal,
where the voltage level of the sine wave is captured at each clock
edge and held constant until the next sample.
3) Sampling reconstruction:

After passing the output of the sample-and-hold circuit through a


tunable low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency set around 2 kHz, the
resulting top signal is obtained. This signal closely matches the
original analog message, shown as the middle signal.
4) 4kHz input digital square wave

After passing the output of the sample-and-hold circuit through a


tunable low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency set around 2 kHz,
the resulting top signal is obtained. However, the recovered signal
does not appear to be a clean or accurate version of the original
message. This is due to aliasing, which occurs because the
sampling frequency (fs) is approximately equal to twice the
message frequency (fm), fs ≈ 2fm (Nyquist rate). As a result, slight
distortion is visible in the recovered waveform.
5) 2kHz input digital square wave

After passing the output of the sample-and-hold circuit through a


tunable low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency set around 2 kHz,
the resulting top signal is obtained. In this case there is a massive
distortion in the recovered waveform. This distortion occurs
because the sampling frequency fs is much lower than twice the
modulation frequency 2fm (2fm>>fs) leading to aliasing and
improper reconstruction of the original signal.
6) Frequency domain representation of sample and hold:

The Frequency domain representation of sample and hold consists of set


of impulses at certain frequencies (fm, fm+fs , fm-fs, fm+2fs , fm-2fs ,
fm+3fs , fm -3fs , …………………….)

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