WMP_2015_2019
WMP_2015_2019
2015–2019
BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
Bibliographical reference
Brown, T.J., Idoine, N.E., Wrighton, C.E., Raycraft, E.R.,
Hobbs, S.F., Shaw, R.A., Everett, P., Deady, E.A. and
Kresse, C. 2019. World Mineral Production 2015-19.
British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham.
Other notable changes include a 13 per cent increase in As always, I would welcome any comments and
total world mine production of nickel. This was largely suggestions that you have relating to this volume, which
driven by Indonesia, which increased its output by 59 might help us to meet your ongoing needs.
per cent compared to 2018, with additional material
feeding into significant increases in stainless steel Karen Hanghøj
production. However, Indonesia’s output in 2020 is likely Director
to be lower due to new export restrictions on raw
materials. British Geological Survey
Keyworth
In contrast, there was a 21 per cent decrease in world Nottingham
mine production of cobalt. This principally resulted from
a 29 per cent decrease in output from the Democratic February 2021
Republic of Congo (DRC), due to declining cobalt prices,
caused by lower than expected demand and increased
inventories. World production of lithium (measured as Li
content) decreased by about 13 per cent because of
iii
CONTENTS EXPLANATORY NOTES
iv
Compilation of this volume of mineral statistics has been Units
possible only by obtaining information from a very large
number of organisations throughout the world, chiefly The Statistics shown in this volume are expressed in
home and overseas government departments and metric units. The following factors are given for
specialist national or international authorities concerned converting to non-metric units:
with particular sectors of the minerals or metals
industries. To all these bodies the British Geological tonnes × 0.9842 = long tons
Survey expresses its grateful acknowledgement for the tonnes × 1.1023 = short tons
information made available, whether in published form kilograms × 2.2046 = pounds
or provided by direct correspondence. Particular kilograms × 32.1507 = troy ounces
acknowledgement is made to the Mines Departments cubic metres × 35.3147 = cubic feet
and other government agencies of many countries 1 tonne of crude petroleum equals on average 7 barrels
whose regular statements, yearbooks and other reports of crude petroleum.
are worthy of direct consultations by readers in search of 1 flask mercury = 34.5 kilograms
detail.
Symbols
Specialist commodity organisations which have kindly
allowed information to be reproduced include the ... figures not available
International Copper Study Group, the International 0 quantity less than half unit shown
Lead and Zinc Study Group, the International Nickel — nil
Study Group and the Barytes Association. In a few * estimated
instances, information on specific commodities has been BGS British Geological Survey
obtained directly from company sources. The co-
operation of other members of the International
Consultative Group on Non-Ferrous Metal Statistics is
also gratefully acknowledged.
v
STATISTICAL INFORMATION
Production of bauxite tonnes (metric)
Bosnia & Herzegovina 787 409 738 609 740 384 760 244 1 043 343
Croatia 11 900 9 780 12 215 11 780 14 342
France (a) * 70 000 * 70 000 * 70 000 * 70 000 * 70 000
Greece 1 831 000 1 880 000 1 927 000 1 607 000 1 492 000
Hungary 8 300 16 700 1 300 4 200 —
Montenegro 50 369 * 516 200 927 847 468 164 774 725
Russia 5 398 000 5 432 000 5 523 000 5 651 000 5 574 000
Turkey 518 550 989 156 1 719 144 678 138 * 700 000
Ghana 1 014 605 1 143 676 1 476 966 1 011 302 1 116 334
Guinea (b) 20 905 000 32 424 000 51 701 000 59 573 707 70 173 326
Mozambique 4 985 1 451 3 182 9 912 8 024
Sierra Leone 1 435 195 1 429 600 1 823 570 2 034 360 1 962 500
Tanzania 205 73 12 7 —
Brazil 37 057 000 39 244 200 39 244 200 38 122 500 31 937 900
Colombia 861 693 2 400 13 666 13 533
Guyana 1 526 467 1 479 090 1 459 223 1 926 053 1 919 747
Suriname 1 865 148 — — — —
Venezuela 991 810 340 000 242 099 92 000 * 50 000
China 60 787 599 66 157 689 * 69 000 000 70 751 214 * 62 000 000
India (e) 28 123 789 24 745 487 22 786 106 23 687 721 22 073 398
Indonesia 611 000 * 1 485 000 * 4 200 000 13 243 197 16 592 739
Iran (f) 840 681 868 255 1 046 634 805 231 * 805 200
Kazakhstan 4 682 600 4 801 300 4 846 100 5 736 200 3 811 700
Malaysia (g)* 27 700 000 (g)* 6 670 000 (g)* 810 000 589 684 900 561
Pakistan (h) 24 689 57 024 75 375 145 189 93 308
Saudi Arabia 3 022 000 4 768 000 4 117 000 4 323 000 4 780 800
Vietnam * 1 100 000 * 1 400 000 * 2 800 000 3 569 700 * 3 200 000
Australia 80 909 261 83 517 148 89 420 589 95 947 593 105 543 787
Fiji 120 726 59 500 * 60 000 * 58 000 —
Solomon Islands * 262 000 * 234 000 * 1 524 000 * 1 646 000 * 1 234 000
World total 293 500 000 289 300 000 316 200 000 343 000 000 347 100 000
Note(s)
(1) This table includes production of refractory bauxite.
(2) In addition to the countries listed, some bauxite continues to be produced in Mexico but it is all used as construction aggregates and
figures are not reported.
2
Production of alumina tonnes (Al2O3 content)
Bosnia & Herzegovina 250 845 187 515 247 449 261 700 213 518
France 432 000 500 000 500 000 500 000 * 500 000
Germany * 1 000 000 * 1 000 000 * 1 000 000 * 1 000 000 * 1 000 000
Greece 674 420 693 460 695 400 677 000 672 400
Ireland, Republic of 1 897 616 1 898 054 1 880 057 1 818 065 1 860 970
Romania 404 825 467 031 472 606 571 772 460 911
Russia 2 593 000 2 682 000 2 822 000 2 763 000 2 755 000
Spain 1 633 000 1 579 000 1 588 000 1 589 000 1 595 000
Turkey * 200 000 * 260 000 * 260 000 * 260 000 * 260 000
Ukraine 1 481 000 1 510 000 1 676 000 1 715 000 1 690 000
Canada 1 560 932 1 566 467 1 570 000 1 568 000 1 522 000
Jamaica 1 864 645 1 865 278 1 782 373 2 483 572 2 172 972
USA 4 550 000 2 360 000 1 430 000 1 570 000 1 410 000
Brazil 10 451 500 10 885 500 11 060 600 8 258 000 9 170 800
Suriname 779 660 — — — —
Venezuela 459 488 * 300 000 * 200 000 — —
China 58 978 355 61 034 354 69 056 100 73 607 591 71 474 166
India (a) 5 572 293 6 075 839 6 119 449 6 446 370 6 706 500
Indonesia 69 869 * 495 000 917 099 842 536 1 148 422
Iran (b) 241 368 235 081 240 168 237 563 233 267
Japan * 19 000 * 17 000 * 19 000 * 21 000 * 25 000
Kazakhstan 1 448 280 1 500 013 1 508 240 1 493 072 1 403 647
Saudi Arabia 846 000 1 429 000 1 484 000 1 774 000 1 798 340
United Arab Emirates — — — — 1 100 000
Vietnam * 474 000 * 597 000 1 062 000 1 301 300 1 382 100
Australia 20 097 181 20 680 827 20 485 770 20 061 795 20 239 198
World total 118 000 000 119 800 000 128 100 000 131 000 000 131 200 000
Note(s)
(1) Where possible figures in this table show the alumina equivalent (Al2O3) of total hydrate produced, whether or not calcined.
(2) The figures in this table represent alumina produced from bauxite. Alumina-rich materials can also be derived from salt slags formed
during the production of secondary aluminium.
3
Production of primary aluminium tonnes (metric)
Canada 2 880 035 3 208 707 3 211 882 2 923 204 2 853 771
USA 1 586 500 818 430 740 884 898 652 1 126 032
Argentina 430 388 424 996 433 391 437 771 438 200
Brazil 772 200 793 000 801 700 659 000 650 200
Venezuela 125 537 147 000 136 000 64 700 * 10 000
Bahrain 960 643 971 420 981 016 1 011 101 1 365 005
China 31 518 147 32 698 082 35 189 100 36 447 290 35 043 604
India (c) 2 354 949 2 896 629 3 400 618 3 696 181 3 628 834
Indonesia 257 149 245 483 218 816 242 043 250 393
Iran (d) 353 232 341 207 337 608 301 033 275 717
Kazakhstan 219 192 240 171 255 090 258 400 264 900
Malaysia 440 000 620 000 760 000 760 000 * 760 000
Oman 377 000 386 000 253 000 380 000 391 000
Qatar 638 155 643 514 650 000 616 000 645 000
Saudi Arabia 839 000 871 000 916 000 932 000 967 000
Tajikistan 139 123 129 300 103 100 95 796 100 800
United Arab Emirates 2 397 000 2 471 000 2 600 000 2 640 000 2 600 000
Australia 1 645 963 1 633 904 1 487 555 1 574 240 1 569 591
New Zealand 333 000 339 000 337 000 341 000 351 000
World total 57 900 000 59 600 000 62 600 000 64 100 000 62 900 000
Note(s)
(1) The figures in this table are for primary aluminium only. Aluminium can also be produced from secondary sources and may be
recovered from salt slags.
4
Mine production of antimony tonnes (metal content)
Canada 1 0 1 6 6
Guatemala — 25 — — * 160
Honduras 14 *6 4 20 * 10
Mexico 90 166 240 299 290
World total 162 000 167 000 162 000 174 000 129 000
Note(s)
(1) This table includes antimony content of antimonial lead alloys.
Note(s)
(1) This table includes calculated trioxide equivalent of arsenic metal produced except where this would involve double counting.
5
Production of asbestos tonnes (metric)
Russia 650 375 691 712 714 105 752 917 790 000
Brazil 232 052 117 677 129 000 101 000 * 100 000
Colombia 13 240 10 465 4 423 3 550 —
China 227 073 191 632 124 723 * 125 000 * 125 000
Kazakhstan 179 800 192 500 192 700 202 700 210 900
World total 1 300 000 1 200 000 1 200 000 1 200 000 1 200 000
Note(s)
(1) In addition to the countries listed, asbestos may also be produced in Afghanistan, North Korea, Romania and Slovakia.
6
Production of barytes tonnes (metric)
World total 9 300 000 7 800 000 8 300 000 8 500 000 9 200 000
Note(s)
(1) This table may include small quantities of witherite.
7
Production of bentonite and fuller's earth tonnes (metric)
Armenia
Bentonite 1 592 5 543 11 724 21 029 32 424
Azerbaijan
Bentonite 56 825 49 328 225 288 212 336 222 519
Bosnia & Herzegovina
Bentonite (a) 67 261 102 858 92 344 87 358 94 601
Bulgaria
Bentonite 61 600 37 100 54 100 * 54 000 * 54 000
Cyprus
Bentonite 127 036 117 184 95 593 98 800 83 113
Czech Republic
Bentonite 369 000 374 000 254 000 277 000 357 000
Denmark
Bentonite 54 272 66 278 69 594 56 173 48 197
France
Bentonite (b) 36 404 42 567 (b) 24 497 (b) 35 696 * 30 000
Georgia
Bentonite * 20 000 * 20 000 * 21 000 25 894 * 26 000
Germany
Bentonite 393 000 393 000 416 000 379 000 366 000
Greece
Bentonite 1 123 320 883 220 1 087 800 1 355 000 1 300 000
Attapulgite 108 000 44 500 54 280 53 300 36 700
Hungary
Bentonite 11 290 16 006 9 852 35 156 * 35 000
Italy
Bentonite 12 840 45 978 86 106 100 067 82 720
North Macedonia
Bentonite 9 012 1 968 912 2 945 682
Poland
Bentonite 450 1 000 — 560 500
Romania
Bentonite 19 355 26 758 33 777 34 809 41 964
Russia
Bentonite 497 900 589 000 91 000 50 100 * 50 000
Slovakia
Bentonite 205 000 158 000 226 082 270 000 251 000
Slovenia
Bentonite 232 182 147 113 99
Spain
Bentonite 100 604 155 038 177 565 178 463 160 477
Attapulgite 26 188 28 809 58 952 28 021 30 348
Sepiolite 524 915 518 699 482 550 698 058 595 448
Turkey
Bentonite 3 134 911 1 744 912 1 481 617 1 331 955 * 1 332 000
Sepiolite 28 804 56 038 15 624 26 300 * 26 000
Ukraine
Bentonite * 210 000 * 210 000 113 000 178 000 * 110 000
Algeria
Bentonite 34 100 37 200 35 600 36 000 36 700
Angola
Fuller's earth * 98 000 * 98 000 * 98 000 * 98 000 * 98 000
Egypt
Bentonite (c) * 2 000 * 1 900 * 4 600 * 9 600 * 6 900
Kenya
Bentonite * 110 * 110 * 110 * 110 * 110
Morocco
Bentonite 92 290 103 266 174 546 172 749 * 173 000
Fuller's earth (d) * 84 570 * 85 000 * 85 000 * 85 000 * 85 000
Mozambique
Bentonite 354 322 284 * 290 * 290
Senegal
Attapulgite 188 400 172 300 165 900 177 900 117 000
South Africa
Bentonite 163 696 148 742 165 141 173 486 105 084
Attapulgite 18 280 16 374 18 333 17 121 11 422
8
Production of bentonite and fuller's earth tonnes (metric)
Canada
Bentonite (b) 583 468 *— *— *—
Cuba
Bentonite 500 389 589 630 504
Guatemala
Bentonite 31 582 18 081 20 562 16 953 * 17 000
Mexico
Bentonite 294 236 109 176 148 475 264 800 * 265 000
Fuller's earth 108 215 111 713 110 860 — *—
USA
Bentonite (e) 4 050 000 3 600 000 4 430 000 4 670 000 * 4 700 000
Fuller's earth (e) 1 960 000 1 860 000 1 840 000 1 880 000 * 2 000 000
Argentina
Bentonite 229 715 145 723 121 735 184 969 * 185 000
Bolivia
Bentonite 1 023 525 68 2 *—
Brazil
Bentonite 401 844 352 920 * 350 000 * 350 000 * 350 000
Chile
Bentonite 1 434 1 288 1 584 525 395
Colombia
Bentonite * 9 000 * 9 000 * 9 000 * 9 000 * 9 000
Peru
Bentonite 21 341 19 410 756 2 384 46 887
Uruguay
Bentonite 4 250 6 650 6 640 7 760 6 726
Burma
Bentonite (f) 700 600 600 — * 500
China
Bentonite * 5 600 000 * 5 600 000 * 5 600 000 * 5 600 000 * 5 600 000
India
Bentonite (f) * 1 457 000 2 837 896 3 313 358 3 385 450 * 3 400 000
Fuller's earth (f) 473 998 478 204 797 684 553 294 * 550 000
Indonesia
Bentonite * 6 000 * 6 000 * 6 000 * 6 000 * 6 000
Iran
Bentonite (g) 418 840 842 421 723 718 731 908 * 732 000
Iraq
Bentonite * 6 300 * 6 300 * 6 300 * 6 300 * 6 300
Japan
Bentonite * 420 000 * 420 000 * 420 000 * 420 000 * 420 000
Korea (Rep. of)
Bentonite 78 439 63 834 47 306 31 824 43 886
Fuller's earth 87 094 81 688 115 568 118 177 185 718
Pakistan
Bentonite (c) 23 283 42 038 42 770 74 268 47 525
Fuller's earth (c) 8 005 13 740 18 185 9 188 12 529
Philippines
Bentonite 3 477 3 361 1 249 658 * 650
Uzbekistan
Bentonite * 40 000 * 40 000 * 40 000 * 40 000 * 40 000
Australia
Bentonite (c) 70 072 90 917 116 762 87 330 56 215
Fuller's earth 16 216 12 200 11 871 * 10 000 * 8 000
New Zealand
Bentonite * 750 * 750 * 750 * 750 * 750
World total bentonite 20 000 000 19 500 000 20 400 000 21 100 000 20 900 000
World total fullers earth (a) 3 700 000 3 600 000 3 900 000 3 800 000 3 800 000
9
Production of bentonite and fuller's earth
Note(s)
(1) Bentonites consist of montmorillonite (one of the smectite group of clay minerals) and occur in two main varieties, calcium bentonite,
the most commonly occurring, and sodium bentonite, industrially the more important.
(2) Calcium bentonite can be converted to sodium bentonite by a sodium-exchange process.
(3) In some countries, such as the United Kingdom, calcium bentonite is known as fuller's earth, a term which is also used to refer
attapulgite, a mineralogically distinct clay mineral but exhibiting similar properties.
(4) In addition to the countries listed, Vietnam may produce bentonite and Algeria, France, Iran and Japan may produce fuller’s earth.
Note(s)
(a) Includes ornamental and industrial products
(b) Includes bertrandite ore, calculated as equivalent to beryl containing 11% beryllium oxide
10
Mine production of bismuth tonnes (metal content)
Armenia *4 *4 *4 *4 *4
Russia * 45 * 45 * 45 * 45 * 45
Canada 2 2 5 5 6
Mexico 601 539 513 333 251
Bolivia — 15 — 19 * 20
Peru (a) *— 188 124 145 73
Note(s)
(1) The figures in this table are in some instances derived from reported bismuth content of refined and impure metal plus recoverable in
ores and concentrates exported.
(2) Production for some countries may include bismuth produced from imported ores but it is thought that any resulting duplication is
insignificant in the countries shown.
(3) In addition to the countries listed, the Republic of Korea may produce bismuth but data are confidential.
USA (a) * 1 300 000 * 1 300 000 * 1 300 000 * 1 300 000 * 1 300 000
Note(s)
(a) Sold or used by producers
(b) B2O3 equivalent
(c) Years ended 20 March following that stated
11
Production of bromine kilograms
Germany * 1 500 000 * 1 500 000 * 1 500 000 * 1 500 000 * 1 500 000
Ukraine 4 060 000 4 866 000 * 4 500 000 * 4 500 000 * 4 500 000
USA (a) * 225 000 000 * 225 000 000 * 225 000 000 * 225 000 000 * 225 000 000
China * 60 000 000 * 57 600 000 * 60 000 000 * 60 000 000 * 60 000 000
India (b) 2 439 390 2 717 210 2 266 000 2 813 000 * 2 800 000
Israel 115 583 000 161 986 000 180 000 000 175 000 000 180 000 000
Japan * 20 000 000 * 20 000 000 * 20 000 000 * 20 000 000 * 20 000 000
Jordan * 100 000 000 * 100 000 000 * 100 000 000 * 100 000 000 * 100 000 000
Turkmenistan * 500 000 * 500 000 * 500 000 * 500 000 * 500 000
Note(s)
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Russia may produce some bromine.
(a) Elemental bromine sold as such or used in the preparation of bromine compounds by primary producers
(b) Years ended 31 March following that stated
Argentina 107 91 96 74 45
Brazil * 200 * 200 * 200 * 300 * 450
Peru 757 820 797 765 772
Note(s)
(1) Data in this table excludes secondary metal unless otherwise stated.
12
Production of chromium ores and concentrates tonnes (metric)
Albania 639 909 726 671 808 016 1 142 719 * 1 200 000
Finland (a) 946 188 1 070 281 972 028 1 099 438 1 183 862
Russia 503 000 485 000 434 000 469 000 698 000
Turkey 2 515 188 2 024 821 2 554 222 2 896 651 3 363 791
Brazil 527 000 * 500 000 542 989 567 300 511 100
Colombia 30 — — — —
World total 30 500 000 30 100 000 33 900 000 37 500 000 38 600 000
Note(s)
(a) Concentrates
(b) Years ended 31 March following that stated
(c) Including foundry sand and/or lumpy ore
(d) Years ended 20 March following that stated
(e) Exports
Albania
Lignite 69 000 4 000 46 000 98 000 31 000
Bosnia & Herzegovina
Brown coal & lignite 12 111 830 13 488 147 14 033 504 14 378 767 13 376 548
Bulgaria
Anthracite & Bituminous — 10 — *— *—
Lignite 33 773 000 29 294 200 32 136 500 * 29 000 000 * 29 000 000
Brown coal 2 165 100 2 140 000 2 451 500 * 1 300 000 * 1 300 000
Czech Republic
Bituminous 7 640 000 6 074 000 4 870 000 4 110 000 3 150 000
Brown coal 38 251 000 38 646 000 39 310 000 39 187 000 37 465 000
Georgia 305 870 296 500 268 113 137 912 15 900
Germany
Anthracite & Bituminous 6 650 000 4 079 000 3 840 000 2 762 000 —
Brown coal 178 065 353 171 546 550 171 286 000 166 258 371 131 314 116
Greece
Lignite 46 308 120 32 674 790 37 802 600 36 574 360 26 000 000
Hungary
Bituminous 5 687 748 789 2 083 6 095
Lignite 9 095 000 9 164 000 7 890 000 7 843 000 6 790 000
Brown coal 162 490 68 061 83 341 53 606 50 742
Kosovo
Lignite 8 240 694 8 800 848 7 574 697 7 169 767 8 063 051
13
Production of coal tonnes (metric)
Montenegro
Lignite 1 752 758 1 349 729 1 419 655 1 539 118 1 561 712
Brown coal 17 900 47 800 55 200 56 758 43 477
North Macedonia
Lignite 5 927 749 5 130 055 5 056 918 4 946 486 5 066 083
Norway
Bituminous (a) 1 203 000 962 000 134 000 142 500 108 000
Poland
Coking coal 12 985 000 13 204 000 12 482 000 12 047 000 12 071 000
Other bituminous coal 59 701 000 57 580 000 53 493 000 51 767 000 50 031 000
Lignite 63 135 000 60 273 000 63 060 000 61 144 000 52 855 000
Romania
Anthracite & Bituminous 1 418 596 1 068 507 784 433 538 092 174 021
Lignite 25 424 709 22 156 556 25 232 160 23 319 839 21 653 000
Russia 372 000 000 386 000 000 410 000 000 439 000 000 439 000 000
Serbia
Bituminous 123 000 105 000 79 000 101 000 108 000
Lignite (b) 37 308 043 37 934 000 39 353 000 37 253 000 38 420 000
Brown coal 351 116 355 000 342 000 277 000 350 000
Slovakia
Lignite 97 000 195 000 56 000 169 000 270 000
Brown coal 1 636 000 1 622 000 1 619 000 1 257 000 1 157 000
Slovenia
Lignite 3 168 001 3 348 889 3 355 664 3 216 735 3 218 696
Spain
Anthracite 1 113 336 736 035 370 445 292 898 —
Bituminous 610 395 365 872 791 303 483 159 —
Sub-bituminous 1 318 625 730 470 1 833 357 1 630 088 —
Turkey
Anthracite 2 074 049 1 881 664 1 764 028 1 620 682 * 1 620 000
Lignite 58 730 170 77 896 048 84 303 492 99 017 695 * 99 018 000
Ukraine
Bituminous (c) 29 917 000 31 630 000 24 167 000 26 254 000 25 530 400
United Kingdom
Bituminous (d) 8 598 000 4 178 000 3 041 000 2 580 000 2 166 000
Botswana 2 065 778 1 873 547 2 215 782 2 482 313 2 110 891
Congo, Democratic Republic
Bituminous 6 900 8 200 * 8 000 * 8 000 * 8 000
Eswatini (Swaziland)
Anthracite 141 733 158 418 202 277 144 375 109 936
Ethiopia
Lignite 34 131 14 582 35 000 2 767 * 2 800
Malawi 58 774 43 338 45 230 49 753 54 728
Mozambique
Bituminous * 8 600 000 5 500 000 11 260 000 12 926 416 * 10 000 000
Niger 221 024 246 631 233 792 221 580 225 920
Nigeria
Sub-bituminous 47 000 46 000 * 47 000 * 48 000 * 48 000
South Africa
Anthracite 3 395 505 2 612 215 2 886 078 3 316 837 3 077 839
Bituminous 248 680 484 248 399 455 249 456 924 249 939 594 251 332 874
Tanzania
Bituminous 257 321 276 030 558 553 627 652 712 136
Zambia
Bituminous 103 439 129 470 208 608 361 871 335 042
Zimbabwe
Bituminous 4 336 100 1 635 800 2 928 000 3 347 500 2 729 922
Canada 61 931 000 61 461 000 60 866 000 54 600 000 51 801 000
Mexico
Bituminous 15 716 400 13 676 593 12 748 000 * 12 700 000 * 12 700 000
USA
Anthracite 1 942 591 1 509 856 1 734 636 1 719 706 2 368 120
Bituminous 366 166 474 293 286 820 320 642 381 326 777 482 307 431 973
Sub-bituminous 380 500 043 299 530 054 318 812 663 305 613 307 282 577 367
Lignite 64 915 983 66 299 871 61 381 007 51 733 060 48 245 042
14
Production of coal tonnes (metric)
Argentina
Bituminous 22 000 25 000 13 000 16 000 * 13 000
Brazil
Bituminous & lignite 8 028 585 7 005 281 4 818 058 5 017 000 * 5 000 000
Chile
Bituminous 157 017 114 887 70 281 38 021 41 385
Lignite 3 004 709 2 410 284 2 425 109 2 256 656 1 565 169
Colombia
Anthracite (e) 7 133 29 721 25 051 * 26 000 * 25 400
Coking coal 4 823 869 4 411 104 5 981 970 * 4 900 000 * 4 860 000
Other bituminous coal 81 723 769 86 582 319 84 542 025 * 81 000 000 * 79 860 000
Peru
Anthracite & Bituminous 251 788 266 208 301 050 216 581 181 010
Venezuela
Bituminous 801 697 900 000 500 000 200 000 300 000
Afghanistan (f) 1 364 800 1 698 200 2 191 400 2 444 600 2 139 200
Bangladesh (g) 675 776 1 021 638 1 160 658 923 276 805 696
Bhutan 85 164 117 783 161 527 186 824 184 785
Burma 373 596 506 262 677 774 1 200 619 1 941 558
China 3 747 000 000 3 411 000 000 3 524 000 000 3 698 000 000 3 846 000 000
India
Bituminous (h) 639 230 000 657 868 000 675 400 000 728 718 000 690 814 000
Lignite (h) 43 842 000 45 230 000 46 644 000 44 283 000 41 488 000
Indonesia
Anthracite & Bituminous 461 566 080 456 197 775 461 248 184 557 772 940 616 159 594
Iran
Bituminous (f) 1 339 000 1 340 000 1 496 000 * 1 500 000 * 1 500 000
Kazakhstan
Bituminous 101 792 500 97 308 600 101 797 300 107 576 600 105 305 000
Lignite 5 525 700 5 750 400 6 094 500 6 560 800 5 778 200
Korea (Rep. of)
Anthracite 1 764 000 1 727 000 1 485 000 1 201 920 1 084 000
Korea, Dem. P.R. of 31 115 000 35 741 000 21 738 000 * 18 000 000 * 18 000 000
Kyrgyzstan 1 928 700 1 851 300 1 870 400 2 395 200 2 532 700
Laos
Anthracite 106 028 138 809 133 284 142 994 161 494
Lignite 4 464 068 13 097 121 13 439 492 15 903 277 15 263 562
Malaysia 2 559 444 2 414 765 2 988 212 2 652 813 3 459 122
Mongolia 23 979 000 35 096 500 49 480 200 50 009 300 50 833 700
Nepal
Sub-bituminous (i) 6 754 1 722 7 270 11 522 7 184
Pakistan (c)(g) 3 407 659 3 749 312 3 953 992 4 470 000 5 371 865
Philippines
Bituminous 7 377 639 11 211 254 11 932 328 11 755 360 13 751 291
Tajikistan 1 041 900 1 361 400 1 759 700 1 903 015 2 024 789
Thailand
Lignite 15 150 549 17 069 712 16 258 637 14 851 950 14 071 710
Uzbekistan
Bituminous 125 000 160 000 124 000 127 000 * 130 000
Lignite 3 361 000 3 707 000 3 915 000 4 013 000 * 4 000 000
Vietnam
Anthracite 41 664 000 38 735 000 38 409 000 42 384 000 46 387 000
Australia
Bituminous (j) 439 979 000 443 449 000 435 889 000 457 325 000 462 994 000
Brown coal (g) 60 957 000 59 757 000 56 095 000 45 062 000 42 256 000
New Zealand
Bituminous 1 400 886 1 205 388 1 212 126 1 326 767 1 296 440
Sub-bituminous 1 665 676 1 348 199 1 386 950 1 604 454 1 450 815
Lignite 324 086 313 035 319 487 307 378 287 830
World total 7 935 000 000 7 474 000 000 7 683 000 000 8 022 000 000 8 076 000 000
15
Production of coal
Note(s)
(1) There is no international agreement as to the separate definition of lignite and brown coal. In some cases they are distinguished.
Elsewhere both may be aggregated under one or other term.
(2) Data for coking coal is not always distinguished from other types of bituminous coal. The term "bituminous" in this table may include
coking coal where the latter is not separately shown.
(3) Where no sub-commodity is shown the figures relate to all ranks of coal.
World total 144 000 129 00 136 000 155 000 123 000
Note(s)
(1) There is frequently a considerable disparity between the cobalt content of ore raised and cobalt actually recovered.
(2) In many countries it is not clear whether cobalt that is known to be present in the extracted ore is subsequently recovered, nor whether
the reported figure is contained or recovered cobalt.
(3) Consequently, the figures in this table may relate either to cobalt recovered or to cobalt contained in ore raised.
(4) In addition to the countries listed, cobalt is contained within copper ores in Poland but this is not currently recovered.
16
Production of refined cobalt tonnes (metric)
Note(s)
(1) Refined cobalt can be in the form of metal, oxides, carbonates, sulphates and many other compounds. Efforts are made to avoid
double-counting but it is not always possible to be certain.
17
Mine production of copper tonnes (metal content)
Canada 714 647 693 059 597 194 548 011 560 781
Dominican Republic 7 324 9 725 9 618 8 588 6 047
Mexico 594 451 766 129 742 246 696 580 768 542
Panama — — — — 147 480
USA 1 380 000 1 430 000 1 260 000 1 220 000 1 260 000
Australia 995 881 947 555 849 121 910 896 934 055
Papua New Guinea 45 185 80 022 105 419 96 287 99 398
World total 19 300 000 20 400 000 20 000 000 20 600 000 20 700 000
Note(s)
(a) Years ended 31 March following that stated
18
Smelter production of copper tonnes (metric)
Canada 281 416 304 349 289 400 290 100 290 000
Mexico 256 252 267 843 270 213 286 242 277 654
USA 527 000 563 000 470 000 536 000 466 000
Brazil 157 800 188 500 262 400 132 200 110 900
Chile 1 382 000 1 365 300 1 264 600 1 246 100 1 011 200
Peru 327 909 309 469 316 882 327 821 294 315
China 5 504 817 6 115 035 6 424 200 6 575 016 7 082 700
India 792 600 769 800 813 100 481 500 342 300
Indonesia 199 700 255 700 245 800 258 800 246 100
Iran 153 500 153 400 114 200 204 100 201 100
Japan 1 243 813 1 289 885 1 192 179 1 263 456 1 169 664
Kazakhstan 283 000 294 100 296 300 295 000 295 000
Korea (Rep. of) 511 200 510 000 510 000 530 000 520 000
Korea, Dem. P.R. of * 4 000 *— *— *— *—
Oman 1 300 3 481 264 — —
Pakistan * 15 000 * 14 000 10 052 12 538 13 049
Philippines 189 200 215 000 240 000 170 900 217 800
Uzbekistan * 100 000 * 100 000 * 100 000 117 000 147 300
Vietnam 11 300 11 600 11 500 * 11 500 * 19 200
Australia 432 843 445 202 359 832 360 993 401 277
World total 15 600 000 16 400 000 16 600 000 16 600 000 16 300 000
Note(s)
(1) This table shows primary metal in the form of blister and anode produced from concentrates, and may include copper produced from
scrap but this is excluded when it can be separately identified.
19
Production of refined copper tonnes (metric)
Austria 102 900 103 215 109 800 107 200 128 200
Belgium 378 600 366 700 398 900 390 200 356 600
Bulgaria 229 723 216 428 228 457 224 098 207 196
Cyprus 2 121 1 754 1 293 908 703
Finland 141 474 145 189 133 197 18 281 13 009
Germany 678 100 671 400 694 400 672 400 629 700
Italy 7 300 6 600 8 700 7 500 9 800
North Macedonia 2 268 1 396 958 768 719
Norway 35 477 28 123 22 695 20 590 21 962
Poland 574 310 535 597 522 022 501 817 565 588
Russia 874 300 860 100 949 000 1 016 000 * 1 028 000
Serbia 44 000 61 309 67 179 72 087 74 000
Spain 419 900 429 400 415 200 423 800 386 700
Sweden 206 059 207 220 219 462 224 487 201 345
Turkey 84 000 52 400 95 000 126 300 116 000
Ukraine 18 500 27 100 25 186 24 901 20 409
Congo, Democratic Republic 891 369 818 925 825 346 999 513 1 160 223
Egypt * 4 000 * 4 000 * 4 000 * 4 000 * 4 000
Namibia 10 659 16 391 15 466 15 177 15 743
South Africa 64 400 53 900 66 200 43 900 35 600
Zambia 495 600 426 400 466 200 458 200 264 500
Zimbabwe *— — — 100 —
Canada 330 902 314 183 330 386 291 250 281 176
Mexico 434 100 462 300 446 000 436 900 * 428 000
USA 1 139 000 1 226 000 1 080 000 1 110 000 1 030 000
Australia 474 963 474 954 386 249 377 036 425 679
World total 23 100 000 23 400 000 23 700 000 23 800 000 24 100 000
Note(s)
(1) Figures relate to both primary and secondary refined copper, whether electrolytic or fire refined. Metal recovered from secondary
materials by remelting alone is excluded.
(2) In addition to the countries listed, Albania and Colombia produce refined copper
20
Production of diamond Carats
Russia 41 912 390 40 322 030 42 614 780 43 161 058 45 271 212
Angola 9 018 942 9 021 767 9 438 802 8 408 688 9 149 746
Botswana 20 824 000 20 954 000 22 900 000 27 373 000 23 278 000
Cameroon (a) * 4 500 * 3 000 * 3 500 * 3 600 * 3 500
Central African Republic (b) ... 10 654 47 637 13 572 23 603
Congo 40 057 12 107 46 758 47 579 2 963
Congo, Democratic Republic 14 284 000 15 523 000 18 891 800 15 131 210 13 469 699
Ghana 174 364 143 005 86 925 57 531 33 789
Guinea 166 880 112 796 181 450 292 707 229 180
Ivory Coast 14 925 20 235 7 361 5 678 3 990
Lesotho 304 232 342 014 1 126 409 1 294 283 1 113 526
Liberia 65 996 60 367 60 636 75 554 58 642
Namibia 1 774 509 1 584 168 1 815 709 2 091 781 1 745 281
Sierra Leone 1 000 089 549 502 288 260 739 600 824 430
South Africa 8 232 627 8 450 758 9 685 235 9 911 460 7 177 435
Tanzania 216 491 216 032 304 456 381 302 416 750
Togo 46 — 2 — 16
Zimbabwe 3 490 881 2 102 873 2 507 862 3 252 418 2 119 189
Canada 11 677 472 11 103 500 23 198 761 22 789 001 18 491 388
Brazil 31 826 183 500 254 896 250 940 165 992
Guyana 118 451 139 890 52 161 62 111 54 993
Australia 13 560 795 13 958 000 17 135 000 14 008 054 12 154 544
World total 126 900 000 124 800 000 150 700 000 149 400 000 135 800 000
Note(s)
(1) This table does not show production of synthetic diamond.
(2) So far as possible the amounts shown include estimates for artisanal and/or illegal production.
21
Production of diatomite tonnes (metric)
China * 350 000 * 420 000 * 420 000 * 420 000 * 420 000
Iran (e) — 15 000 2 660 3 000 * 3 000
Japan * 100 000 * 100 000 * 100 000 * 40 000 * 40 000
Korea (Rep. of) 15 310 20 564 133 741 25 902 40 910
World total 2 200 000 2 100 000 2 400 000 2 500 000 2 600 000
Note(s)
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Georgia, Saudi Arabia and Vietnam may produce diatomite.
22
Production of feldspar tonnes (metric)
Algeria 154 400 168 400 * 170 000 * 170 000 * 170 000
Burkina Faso 988 — — — —
Egypt 420 508 * 230 000 * 230 000 * 230 000 * 200 000
Ethiopia (c) * 600 * 600 * 600 * 600 * 600
Morocco * 45 000 * 40 000 * 40 000 * 40 000 * 40 000
Nigeria 47 000 34 144 27 660 41 355 33 226
South Africa 126 542 131 023 116 400 76 803 76 255
Sudan 28 238 49 000 29 000 36 000 * 36 000
World total 29 963 000 33 619 000 29 759 000 31 929 000 31 856 000
23
Production of feldspar
Note(s)
(a) Includes feldspathic sand
(b) Figures do not include production from Crimea or Sevastopol
(c) Years ended 6 July of that stated
(d) Years ended 31 March following that stated
(e) Years ended 20 March following that stated
(f) Including weathered granite feldspar
(g) Years ended 30 June of that stated
Mexico 624 574 655 555 741 678 1 182 058 1 231 465
World total 5 800 000 5 400 000 5 600 000 6 400 000 6 500 000
Note(s)
(1) In addition, the USA produced the following amounts of fluorspar equivalent in fluorosilicic acid derived from processing phosphate
rock ('000 t): 2015:114; 2016: 105; 2017: 72; 2018: 64; 2019: 27.
24
Production of primary gallium tonnes (metric)
Germany 11 23 — — —
Russia * 13 * 13 * 13 * 13 * 13
Ukraine *9 *9 *4 *4 *4
Note(s)
(1) Accurate data for gallium is difficult to obtain because it is produced only as a by-product of bauxite or zinc processing using
proprietary techniques. As a consequence, this table may not be complete.
(2) Lower grade production is often subsequently refined to higher grade material which complicates the collection of data as double
counting is a significant risk.
(3) In addition to the above primary production, there is also believed to be significant production of refined gallium from scrap recycling.
Finland 13 0 — — —
Russia *5 *6 *6 *6 *6
USA (a) *3 *2 *3 *3 *3
China 94 82 79 95 86
Note(s)
(1) Germanium is also believed to be recovered from imported or domestic material in Belgium, Canada, Germany, Japan.
25
Mine production of gold
In addition to ‘industrial scale’ gold mines around the World total, a significant quantity of gold is mined by small scale or artisanal
producers, both on a legal and illegal basis. In some countries the quantities involved with artisanal mining can be relatively large. The
compilation of reliable data for the quantity produced by artisanal mining in each country is difficult, particularly where the actions are
illegal. Artisanal mining can be seasonal, temporary and highly variable, on both geographical and temporal scales.
Where possible, the table attempts to include estimates for artisanal mining of gold in order that the calculated World total totals are as
complete as possible. However, the difficulties noted above mean that these totals cannot be completely accurate and they are
consequently rounded to a greater degree than the individual country figures may suggest is appropriate. This is an attempt to convey the
level of uncertainty associated with these total figures.
For clarity, additional comments on specific countries are shown below (there may be other countries where artisanal mining also occurs;
these comments are not intended to be exhaustive):-
Benin – artisanal gold mining is known to take place but no reliable estimates are available. It has been estimated to be in the region of
20–30 kg per year, but it could be larger in some years.
Burkina Faso – official figures include 259 kg for artisanal mining in 2019; 306 kg in 2018; 150 kg in 2017; 235 kg in 2016; and 302 kg in
2015. It is believed the actual artisanal production is likely to be higher.
Burma – the figures shown in the table are reported and are believed to include artisanal mining.
Cameroon – all gold mining is currently small scale or artisanal. Available estimates vary widely, from as low as 500 kg per year to
something in the order of 1500 kg or 2000 kg per year.
Central African Republic – artisanal gold mining is known to take place. No reliable estimates are available but it could be in the region of
50-80 kg per year. The figures shown are reported and it is assumed these are artisanal but they may not be fully inclusive in every year.
Colombia – Artisanal and small-scale mining, both legal and illegal, is extensive within Colombia. Although the government is taking steps
to improve the licencing of legal artisanal mining and also to crack down on illegal activities, during the last decade it is believed that illegal
mining has grown to the extent that it has become more widespread than legal mining. Some illegal mining and trade is thought to be
coordinated by organised crime groups. It is possible that illegally mined material is brought into or out of the country without being
recorded. It can therefore be assumed that the total mine production of gold significantly exceeds the reported figure, however it has not
been possible to make a reliable estimate for this additional material.
Congo – all gold mining is believed to be small scale or artisanal and it is believed there are more than 200 locations where this occurs. A
nominal estimate of 150 kg per year is shown in the table.
Costa Rica – all gold mining is currently artisanal. The figures in the table are reported by an official source.
Democratic Republic of Congo – artisanal mining is quite extensive, the figures shown include estimates for artisanal mining ranging from
4000 to 11000 kg per year.
Equatorial Guinea – artisanal gold mining is very likely to be taking place but no accurate information is available. A nominal estimate of
200 kg per year is included in the table but it could be more or less than this.
Ethiopia – small scale and artisanal gold mining is significant, but not all of it is illegal because some artisanal miners operate under a
formal license. A proportion of the gold mined from artisanal sources is sold to the national bank but illicit sales to non-licensed buyers
remains widespread. National bank purchases of gold from artisanal sources in fiscal year 2014/15 amounted to 5473 kg; in 2015/16 to
4145 kg and in 2016/17 to 1920 kg. Actual artisanal production could be higher.
France (French Guiana) – the table includes an estimate of 5000 kg to 9000 kg per year for artisanal mining which is not included in the
official reported figures.
Gabon – attempts to regulate artisanal gold mining are being undertaken with gold from artisanal miners being purchased by a
government agency from 2013. The figures in the table include 55 kg for artisanal mining in 2015; 50 kg in 2016 and 40 kg in 2017. Data
from 2018 is all artisanal.
Germany – legal artisanal mining is known to occur along the Rhine Valley but the amounts recovered are unknown. A nominal estimate
has been included.
Ghana – gold produced by artisanal mining is purchased by a state-owned marketing organisation but official figures of the quantity vary
depending on the source. They are also reported in publications produced by under the Extractive Industry Transparency Initiative (EITI).
In the table below the following figures are included for artisanal production: 32 073 kg in 2015; 35 292 kg in 2016; 45 992 kg in 2017;
61 720 kg in 2018; and 49 398 kg in 2019.
Guinea – the figures in the table include reported figures for artisanal mining. However, actual artisanal production may be higher than
those reported because it is difficult to distinguish the material derived from artisanal mining within Guinea from that moved across the
border from Mali or other countries.
Ivory Coast – efforts are being made within Ivory Coast to rationalise artisanal mining as part of the EITI process. Reports suggest that it
varies considerably from year to year and may range between 1000 kg and 10 000 kg per year. A conservative estimate of 3000 kg has
been added to reported industrial scale mine output in 2015 and 4500 kg per year for 2016 to 2019.
Kenya – The reported figures shown are believed to include artisanal mining but in reality it could be much higher.
Liberia – official figures are believed to include both the industrial mine and artisanal production.
Madagascar – estimates of artisanal mining are in the order of 100 kg to 3000 kg per year.
Mali – the figures include an estimate of 5000 kg per year for artisanal mining for 2014 and 2015 and 6000 kg per year thereafter, but it is
likely the real figure varies more than this from year to year.
Nigeria – Official reporting of artisanal gold production by the Ministry is low (160 kilograms in 2019). However imports of gold to other
countries from Nigeria are reported to be much larger, which suggests the quantity of production may be higher and the estimates in the
table reflect this. The EITI reports plans for formalising the artisanal mining sector and for the support of 10 000 artisanal miners in five
regions of the federation.
Panama – artisanal mining is known to occur but no reliable estimates are available. A nominal estimate of 100 kg per year has been
included.
Papua New Guinea – official estimates of “alluvial and small scale” mining are approximately 3500 to 4000 kg per year.
Rwanda – it is believed that the reported and estimated figures are actually gold that originated in Nigeria or other countries in the region
but is not recorded in those countries.
26
Senegal – an estimate of 2100 kg has been added to each year for artisanal mining.
South Sudan – artisanal mining is known to occur but reliable estimates are difficult to obtain. It has been estimated as approximately
200 kg per year.
Tanzania – Artisanal mining is known to occur and in 2015 and 2016 was reported as approximately 30 kg per year.
Togo – the reported figures are exports of gold which is transiting through the country. It is believed the majority of this originates in
Burkina Faso from artisanal mining but it is not recorded within the production figures for that country. Consequently it is recorded here for
completeness. Some artisanal mining is also believed to occur in Togo.
Venezuela – artisanal mining is believed to be quite extensive and increasing. Estimates of quantities vary widely from less than 1000 kg
up to 9000 kg per year. The Central Bank aims to purchase all the artisanally mined gold, however, actual output is believed to be larger
than the reported figures and therefore higher estimates have been used.
Vietnam – artisanal mining is believed to be taking place at the site of a former industrial mine. No information is available to indicate likely
scale.
27
Mine production of gold kilograms
Canada 162 504 163 888 171 111 194 155 182 783
Costa Rica 950 750 4 255 3 699 4 500
Dominican Republic 31 134 37 932 35 242 31 633 31 801
Guatemala 5 610 3 910 1 647 — —
Honduras 2 736 2 607 2 596 2 148 1 760
Mexico 134 759 132 413 126 820 141 143 108 985
Nicaragua 7 612 8 391 7 367 7 703 9 190
Panama * 100 * 100 * 100 * 100 1 869
USA 213 826 232 230 236 986 225 528 200 370
Australia 277 372 290 767 292 022 313 028 325 711
Fiji 1 368 1 500 1 425 1 281 1 106
New Zealand 12 687 9 866 10 288 10 045 8 217
Papua New Guinea 57 640 61 952 65 246 135 124 74 386
World total 3 150 000 3 250 000 3 360 000 3 470 000 3 350 000
28
Mine production of gold
Note(s)
(1) In several countries substantial amounts of gold produced in small and/or artisanal operations are not recorded in the official statistics.
Estimates have been added where possible but these have varying degrees of uncertainty.
(2) In addition to the countries listed, Cambodia, El Salvador, Haiti, Malawi, Pakistan, Paraguay and Portugal may produce gold.
China (d) * 725 000 * 625 000 * 625 000 * 693 000 * 700 000
India (a)(e) 135 528 122 438 33 649 39 370 32 936
Korea, Dem. P.R. of * 80 000 * 50 000 * 140 000 * 40 000 * 40 000
Pakistan (f) 2 864 360 — 1 840 —
Sri Lanka 3 479 3 908 3 769 * 3 700 * 3 700
World total 1 100 000 1 000 000 1 000 000 1 100 000 1 100 000
Note(s)
(1) This table includes all forms of amorphous and crystalline graphite but excludes synthetic material.
(a) Crude
(b) Sales
(c) Including beneficiated and directly shipped material
(d) Including flake graphite
(e) Years ended 31 March following that stated
(f) Years ended 30 June of that stated
29
Production of gypsum tonnes (metric)
Albania 86 163 131 925 104 120 102 016 * 100 000
Armenia 19 400 14 800 14 300 20 400 22 900
Austria (a) 715 195 674 346 712 469 836 862 * 840 000
Azerbaijan 196 463 110 501 33 037 12 043 14 535
Bosnia & Herzegovina (a) 58 800 61 231 99 001 122 421 130 778
Bulgaria 108 600 60 900 88 000 * 88 000 * 88 000
Croatia 138 088 170 107 200 932 267 155 279 719
Cyprus 471 885 682 024 703 079 625 721 623 545
Czech Republic 11 000 10 000 7 000 8 000 10 000
France (a)(b) 1 807 978 1 734 975 1 873 581 2 836 329 2 054 084
Georgia 40 078 46 670 85 468 91 699 61 706
Germany (a) 4 200 000 3 970 000 4 450 000 4 550 000 4 850 000
Greece (a) 649 280 777 990 855 000 827 300 840 000
Hungary — — 1 564 1 280 * 1 200
Ireland, Republic of * 250 000 * 250 000 * 200 000 * 200 000 * 200 000
Italy (a) 571 731 617 188 469 044 188 618 298 242
Latvia (a) 225 370 224 000 * 225 000 * 225 000 * 225 000
Moldova (c) * 300 000 * 300 000 * 300 000 * 300 000 * 300 000
North Macedonia (a) 172 525 202 582 217 491 230 029 267 181
Norway (a)(b) 77 403 82 386 87 891 89 655 102 100
Poland (a) 1 099 081 1 118 484 1 108 000 1 120 344 1 150 000
Portugal 309 966 255 026 152 059 232 921 209 076
Romania 888 746 754 009 813 520 799 810 878 546
Russia * 4 400 000 * 4 400 000 * 4 000 000 * 3 800 000 * 3 800 000
Slovakia (a) 67 000 53 000 45 700 55 000 50 000
Spain 7 403 767 8 936 364 9 545 228 10 593 056 11 300 190
Switzerland * 320 000 * 340 000 * 330 000 * 330 000 * 330 000
Turkey 8 638 715 10 124 221 10 223 112 10 896 475 * 10 896 000
Ukraine (a) 1 254 900 1 303 000 1 528 900 1 386 400 1 409 400
United Kingdom * 1 800 000 * 1 600 000 * 1 300 000 * 1 400 000 * 1 600 000
Algeria 2 130 000 2 130 000 2 200 000 2 500 000 * 2 500 000
Angola 127 910 * 10 000 * 32 000 * 32 000 * 32 000
Egypt (a)(d) 744 160 686 610 * 650 000 * 650 000 * 650 000
Eritrea * 17 000 * 17 000 * 18 000 * 18 000 * 18 000
Ethiopia (e) 115 623 89 520 85 236 253 164 * 250 000
Guinea 18 677 273 245 * 200 000 * 200 000 * 200 000
Kenya (a) 5 800 5 760 * 5 800 * 5 800 * 5 800
Libya 275 000 212 000 328 000 310 000 * 310 000
Madagascar * 130 * 130 * 130 * 130 * 130
Mauritania * 70 000 * 70 000 * 70 000 * 70 000 * 70 000
Morocco * 600 000 * 600 000 * 600 000 * 600 000 * 600 000
Niger 253 — 3 395 507 6 211
Nigeria * 34 000 * 35 000 * 35 000 39 052 22 300
South Africa 232 878 266 811 317 990 313 909 277 102
Sudan 24 136 349 236 333 000 226 000 * 226 000
Tanzania 239 302 213 744 123 645 241 259 256 529
Tunisia 690 000 902 394 944 245 984 031 946 892
Uganda — — 60 *— *—
Canada (a) 2 682 000 1 704 000 3 010 000 3 246 000 2 446 000
Cuba 90 900 73 900 85 400 99 900 66 300
Dominican Republic 204 687 123 553 94 595 82 896 137 143
Guatemala 111 351 130 616 135 154 132 897 140 901
Honduras 50 370 41 750 * 70 500 * 62 200 * 60 000
Jamaica 42 883 49 703 * 49 000 47 350 55 391
Mexico 7 101 612 7 682 807 7 609 704 8 546 723 * 8 500 000
Nicaragua 50 400 41 800 66 800 70 300 39 925
USA 18 800 000 19 800 000 20 700 000 21 600 000 21 500 000
Argentina 1 314 655 1 558 390 1 275 608 897 217 * 900 000
Bolivia 650 1 181 * 1 100 * 1 100 * 1 100
Brazil 3 161 856 3 471 328 3 400 000 3 200 000 * 3 200 000
Chile 860 075 934 033 1 157 466 909 191 977 397
Colombia 448 543 471 306 406 623 394 182 293 143
Paraguay * 4 500 * 4 500 * 4 500 * 4 500 * 4 500
Peru 438 025 257 423 286 657 458 479 254 382
30
Production of gypsum tonnes (metric)
Australia (d) 3 824 801 3 972 295 3 832 559 4 356 446 4 473 102
World total 151 900 000 158 700 000 161 100 000 168 600 000 168 000 000
Note(s)
(1) Some countries produce large quantities of synthetic gypsum. Where possible, this output is excluded from the table.
(2) In addition to the countries listed, Indonesia, Japan and Vietnam may also produce gypsum.
Poland 4 4 4 4 4
Russia 5 5 5 5 5
Algeria 10 10 14 14 * 14
USA 71 66 63 * 64 * 68
Qatar * 49 * 50 * 45 * 45 * 51
Australia *4 *4 *4 *4 *4
31
Refinery production of indium tonnes (metric)
Belgium * 25 * 20 * 20 * 22 * 20
France 41 — 30 43 * 40
Italy *5 *5 *5 *5 *5
Russia *7 *7 *7 *7 *7
Canada * 70 * 71 * 67 * 58 * 60
Brazil *5 *5 *5 *5 *5
Peru 9 10 10 11 * 10
Note(s)
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Kazakhstan is believed to produce small quantities of indium.
Azerbaijan 246 700 207 600 198 400 185 100 190 300
Russia 13 987 2 952 7 844 7 895 3 112
USA * 1 350 000 * 1 250 000 * 1 150 000 * 1 150 000 * 1 150 000
Chile 21 179 000 18 444 000 17 976 000 20 216 000 20 826 000
China * 600 000 * 600 000 * 600 000 * 600 000 * 600 000
Indonesia * 45 000 * 35 000 * 34 000 * 38 000 * 40 000
Iran (a) 301 000 348 000 400 000 368 000 * 368 000
Japan 10 610 000 9 993 000 8 839 000 9 136 000 9 122 000
Turkmenistan * 510 000 * 510 000 544 000 * 540 000 * 600 000
Uzbekistan * 2 000 * 2 000 * 2 000 * 2 000 * 2 000
World total 34 900 000 31 400 000 29 800 000 32 200 000 32 900 000
Note(s)
(a) Years ended 20 March following that stated
32
Production of iron ore tonnes (metric)
Austria (a) 2 783 327 2 777 260 2 981 737 2 803 536 * 2 800 000
Azerbaijan 127 600 25 500 — — —
Bosnia & Herzegovina 2 122 802 1 751 800 1 621 907 1 380 488 1 450 205
Germany (b)(c) 467 690 514 004 * 447 300 * 448 000 * 533 700
Norway 3 519 116 1 757 851 1 622 477 1 700 000 * 1 700 000
Russia 101 000 000 101 000 000 95 000 000 96 100 000 97 500 000
Sweden 29 861 000 31 843 000 31 763 000 35 774 000 38 913 000
Turkey 7 760 957 7 137 233 9 992 455 15 650 305 * 15 650 000
Ukraine 66 902 000 62 876 000 60 574 000 60 549 000 63 204 900
Algeria 944 000 826 000 * 830 000 * 830 000 * 830 000
Egypt (d) 508 915 565 229 565 000 * 500 000 * 560 000
Liberia 5 748 520 1 405 195 1 604 763 4 657 155 4 458 029
Malawi — 3 800 5 000 2 563 3 000
Mauritania 11 607 000 13 268 061 11 813 000 10 710 305 12 196 491
Morocco 17 860 21 033 100 000 100 000 * 100 000
Namibia 4 000 8 478 2 450 3 824 15 646
Nigeria * 4 000 1 550 * 1 550 1 582 160
Sierra Leone 5 247 688 6 576 576 6 531 460 968 585 722 305
South Africa (e) 73 220 891 66 455 868 74 643 475 74 263 738 72 430 288
Tunisia 284 600 210 697 197 965 175 853 186 485
Uganda 9 000 2 163 2 320 4 500 —
Canada (f) 46 673 000 48 999 000 51 836 000 52 358 000 59 013 000
Mexico 20 397 000 18 317 700 17 746 262 21 244 460 * 21 000 000
USA (f)(g) 46 100 000 41 800 000 47 900 000 49 500 000 46 800 000
Australia 809 881 763 858 025 634 885 356 738 907 818 648 918 731 337
New Zealand 3 193 722 3 495 818 4 008 000 * 4 000 000 * 4 000 000
World total 3 359 000 000 3 319 000 000 3 360 000 000 2 945 000 000 3 040 000 000
Note(s)
(a) Including micaceous iron oxide
(b) Including manganiferous iron ore
(c) Used as aggregate in the construction industry
(d) Years ended 30 June of that stated
(e) Including by-product magnetite
(f) Including by-product iron ore
(g) Including beneficiated and direct shipping ore
(h) Years ended 31 March following that stated
(i) Years ended 20 March following that stated
(j) Years ended 15 July of that shown
33
Production of pig iron tonnes (metric)
Austria 5 805 000 5 642 000 6 335 000 5 269 000 5 750 000
Azerbaijan 1 150 2 533 315 — 702
Belgium 4 248 000 4 896 000 4 860 000 4 900 000 4 800 000
Bosnia & Herzegovina 845 462 778 123 738 476 664 291 744 778
Czech Republic 4 031 000 4 165 000 3 691 000 4 000 000 3 635 000
Finland 2 600 000 2 700 000 2 600 000 2 700 000 2 300 000
France 10 097 177 9 724 062 10 677 830 10 529 559 9 877 000
Germany 27 844 000 27 269 000 27 816 000 27 271 000 * 25 400 000
Hungary 1 247 000 863 000 1 311 000 1 355 000 1 151 000
Italy (a) 5 051 000 (a) 6 044 000 (a) 5 052 000 (a) 4 836 000 4 606 000
Netherlands 6 050 000 6 092 000 6 145 000 6 150 000 5 900 000
Norway 58 700 43 000 74 100 78 800 74 200
Poland 4 826 492 4 679 616 5 159 128 4 787 696 4 241 941
Romania 1 938 502 1 922 001 1 766 958 1 979 200 2 107 300
Russia 53 700 000 51 900 000 52 100 000 51 800 000 51 200 000
Serbia 904 000 1 154 000 1 340 000 1 593 000 1 577 000
Slovakia 3 738 000 3 987 000 4 106 000 4 200 000 * 3 100 000
Spain 4 450 000 4 115 000 4 462 000 4 500 000 3 900 000
Sweden 2 865 000 3 079 000 3 111 000 2 877 000 3 172 000
Turkey 10 184 000 10 304 000 10 589 000 10 536 000 9 900 000
Ukraine 21 863 000 23 560 000 19 797 900 20 531 200 20 055 900
United Kingdom 8 773 500 6 142 400 5 996 500 5 587 900 5 621 700
Algeria 300 000 300 000 300 000 300 000 * 300 000
Egypt 2 451 000 2 618 000 4 700 000 5 800 000 4 400 000
Libya 449 000 698 852 561 956 611 763 880 470
South Africa 6 939 000 5 013 000 5 277 000 5 400 000 4 500 000
Canada 7 353 000 7 606 000 7 914 000 8 100 000 7 800 000
Mexico 10 074 000 9 782 000 10 256 000 10 401 000 * 10 010 000
Trinidad & Tobago 901 100 — — — —
USA 25 435 000 22 293 000 22 395 000 24 058 000 * 22 247 000
Argentina 3 934 000 2 914 000 3 402 000 3 790 000 3 050 000
Brazil 32 292 000 29 896 000 32 392 000 32 765 000 30 901 000
Chile 644 000 677 000 670 000 661 000 556 000
Colombia 240 000 225 000 203 000 205 000 207 000
Paraguay 71 000 50 000 38 000 39 000 * 41 000
Peru 72 000 11 000 — — —
Venezuela 1 356 000 908 000 491 000 400 000 405 000
Bahrain 1 230 000 1 260 000 1 260 000 1 600 000 * 1 450 000
China 691 413 000 702 273 300 713 619 300 779 876 300 809 365 000
India 74 621 000 77 254 000 96 313 000 106 823 000 111 574 000
Indonesia 2 513 000 2 640 000 2 572 000 2 967 000 3 020 000
Iran 17 005 000 18 264 000 21 694 000 28 100 000 31 000 000
Japan 81 010 826 80 186 246 78 329 729 77 327 888 74 907 006
Kazakhstan 3 233 671 3 595 090 3 766 322 3 174 116 3 199 258
Korea (Rep. of) 47 639 000 46 336 000 47 100 000 47 124 000 47 521 000
Korea, Dem. P.R. of * 250 000 * 250 000 * 250 000 * 200 000 * 150 000
Malaysia 1 434 000 1 178 000 952 000 1 230 000 4 467 000
Oman 1 509 000 1 439 000 1 526 000 1 500 000 1 750 000
Pakistan * 163 000 — — — —
Qatar 2 631 000 2 506 000 2 548 000 2 525 000 2 400 000
Saudi Arabia 5 800 000 5 119 000 4 812 000 5 000 000 4 700 000
Taiwan 14 370 000 14 890 000 14 361 000 14 841 000 14 510 000
United Arab Emirates 3 190 000 3 479 000 3 608 000 3 784 000 3 285 655
Vietnam 1 700 000 2 600 000 4 250 000 8 323 000 9 836 000
Australia 3 594 000 3 642 000 3 758 000 3 882 000 3 664 000
New Zealand 678 000 670 000 683 000 700 000 672 000
World total 1 228 000 000 1 230 000 000 1 268 000 000 1 358 000 000 1 382 000 000
Note(s)
(1) The data in this table include sponge iron and direct reduced iron (DRI) , where these have been separately identified.
Algeria 650 000 650 000 415 000 2 300 000 * 2 400 000
Congo, Democratic Republic * 30 000 * 30 000 * 30 000 * 30 000 * 30 000
Egypt 5 506 000 5 036 000 6 870 000 7 806 800 7 357 000
Ethiopia *— * 690 * 690 * 690 * 690
Ghana * 25 000 * 25 000 * 25 000 * 25 000 * 25 000
Kenya * 20 000 * 20 000 * 20 000 * 20 000 * 20 000
Libya 352 000 491 500 421 648 396 342 606 153
Mauritania * 5 000 * 5 000 * 5 000 * 5 000 * 5 000
Morocco 516 000 520 000 550 000 520 000 500 000
Nigeria * 100 000 * 100 000 * 100 000 * 100 000 * 100 000
South Africa 7 614 000 6 141 000 6 301 000 6 327 000 6 152 000
Tunisia 50 000 50 000 50 000 50 000 * 50 000
Uganda * 30 000 * 30 000 * 30 000 * 30 000 * 30 000
Zimbabwe 2 806 2 785 1 294 1 322 * 1 300
Canada 12 473 000 12 672 000 13 614 000 13 443 100 12 897 000
Cuba 223 441 206 260 211 448 225 000 * 230 000
Dominican Republic * 60 000 * 60 000 * 60 000 * 60 000 * 60 000
El Salvador 124 000 100 000 96 000 99 000 102 000
Guatemala 403 000 314 000 294 000 300 000 * 306 000
Mexico 18 228 000 18 811 000 19 924 000 20 204 000 * 18 598 000
Trinidad & Tobago 266 500 — — — —
USA 78 845 000 78 475 000 81 612 000 86 607 400 * 87 943 000
Argentina 5 027 900 4 126 500 4 624 200 5 161 700 * 4 722 000
Brazil 33 258 000 31 642 000 34 778 000 35 407 000 32 569 000
Chile 1 112 000 1 153 000 1 158 000 1 145 000 1 017 000
Colombia 1 358 000 1 272 000 1 253 000 1 219 000 1 150 000
Ecuador 720 000 576 000 561 000 583 000 * 607 000
Paraguay 48 000 35 000 24 000 25 000 * 25 000
35
Production of crude steel tonnes (metric)
Peru 1 082 000 1 168 000 1 207 000 1 217 000 1 254 000
Uruguay 97 000 61 000 58 000 60 000 * 62 000
Venezuela 1 346 000 553 000 444 000 129 000 51 000
Burma * 150 000 * 200 000 * 250 000 * 300 000 * 350 000
China 803 825 000 807 609 400 870 740 900 929 038 400 996 342 000
India (b) 89 790 000 97 443 000 102 338 000 110 920 000 103 600 000
Indonesia 4 854 200 4 745 908 5 195 000 6 183 000 7 783 000
Iran (c) 14 496 936 15 143 286 18 143 471 19 344 198 20 626 585
Israel * 300 000 * 300 000 * 300 000 * 300 000 * 300 000
Japan 105 134 378 104 775 329 104 661 087 104 318 836 99 284 114
Jordan * 150 000 * 150 000 * 150 000 * 150 000 * 150 000
Kazakhstan 3 902 617 4 264 114 4 657 009 4 005 982 4 463 786
Korea (Rep. of) 69 670 000 68 575 000 71 080 000 72 464 000 71 411 000
Korea, Dem. P.R. of * 1 250 000 * 1 250 000 * 1 250 000 * 1 250 000 * 1 250 000
Malaysia 3 783 572 3 781 668 3 772 057 4 110 000 * 4 500 000
Mongolia * 45 000 * 50 000 * 50 000 * 50 000 * 50 000
Pakistan * 2 892 000 * 3 553 000 * 4 966 000 * 4 719 000 * 3 300 000
Philippines 968 000 1 075 000 1 378 000 1 500 000 1 400 000
Qatar 2 594 000 2 521 000 2 645 000 2 575 000 2 600 000
Saudi Arabia 5 662 000 5 461 000 4 831 000 5 200 000 8 200 000
Singapore 501 000 520 000 596 000 618 000 766 000
Sri Lanka * 30 000 * 30 000 * 30 000 * 30 000 * 30 000
Syria * 5 000 * 5 000 * 5 000 * 5 000 * 5 000
Taiwan 20 815 000 20 858 000 21 370 000 22 290 000 21 322 000
Thailand 5 069 000 5 400 000 6 762 000 6 403 000 4 246 000
United Arab Emirates 3 006 000 3 149 000 3 309 000 3 247 500 3 326 600
Uzbekistan 643 000 654 000 680 000 646 000 666 000
Vietnam 5 647 000 7 811 000 11 473 000 15 471 000 17 469 000
Australia 4 935 300 5 160 489 5 335 000 6 035 000 5 916 000
New Zealand 793 000 577 000 657 000 651 800 667 000
World total 1 619 000 000 1 626 000 000 1 730 000 000 1 814 000 000 1 854 000 000
Note(s)
(1) Unless otherwise indicated, these figures include production from scrap.
36
Production of ferro-alloys tonnes (metric)
Albania
Ferro-chrome 43 350 44 551 23 987 92 850 * 100 000
Armenia
Ferro-molybdenum 5 576 6 526 6 588 7 279 7 712
Austria
Ferro-molybdenum 4 000 4 000 4 000 4 000 4 000
Ferro-nickel 2 500 2 500 2 500 2 500 2 500
Ferro-vanadium 8 000 7 000 8 000 7 000 7 000
Bosnia & Herzegovina
Ferro-alloys 18 716 28 138 30 473 31 460 31 911
Czech Republic
Ferro-vanadium * 6 200 * 6 300 * 6 600 * 6 400 * 6 700
Finland
Ferro-chrome 457 000 469 000 415 000 497 000 505 000
France
Ferro-manganese 126 000 119 000 95 400 * 90 000 * 85 000
Ferro-silico-manganese 65 100 58 200 58 400 * 55 000 * 55 000
Ferro-silicon * 45 000 * 45 000 * 35 000 * 35 000 * 35 000
Silicon metal 120 000 80 000 108 000 * 100 000 * 100 000
Other ferro-alloys * 60 000 * 50 000 * 80 000 * 50 000 * 70 000
Georgia
Ferro-manganese * 4 500 * 4 500 * 4 500 * 4 500 * 4 500
Ferro-silico-manganese 217 289 244 228 289 765 335 013 284 688
Germany
Ferro-chrome * 17 000 * 17 000 * 17 000 * 16 500 * 16 000
Silicon metal 29 953 29 940 31 915 28 058 29 606
Other ferro-alloys * 8 200 * 8 200 * 8 200 * 8 200 * 8 200
Greece
Ferro-nickel 89 129 87 880 86 140 82 615 * 65 000
Iceland
Ferro-silicon 121 556 128 019 116 811 116 889 120 255
Italy
Ferro-silico-manganese 82 000 90 000 91 000 91 000 * 91 000
Kosovo
Ferro-nickel 39 200 22 800 * 23 000 * 6 000 * 7 200
North Macedonia
Ferro-nickel 17 699 10 603 7 175 10 100 15 202
Ferro-silicon 46 047 24 431 21 185 117
Norway
Ferro-manganese 309 200 329 100 400 800 * 400 000 * 400 000
Ferro-silico-manganese 309 900 306 100 284 500 * 328 000 * 288 000
Ferro-silicon (a) 243 813 249 475 240 813 265 964 —
Silicon metal * 150 000 * 150 000 * 150 000 * 150 000 * 150 000
Poland
Ferro-manganese — — 66 — —
Ferro-silicon 77 754 77 682 65 732 63 618 65 523
Other ferro-alloys 460 12 517 24 800 33 250 16 815
Russia
Spiegeleisen * 7 000 * 7 000 * 7 000 * 7 000 * 7 000
Ferro-chrome 363 286 268 439 434 452 332 261 384 089
Ferro-silico-chrome * 4 200 * 4 200 * 4 200 * 4 200 * 4 200
Ferro-manganese 155 700 124 200 253 000 281 000 273 000
Ferro-silico-manganese 188 895 203 216 44 917 43 334 51 774
Ferro-molybdenum 4 660 4 881 4 726 * 4 700 * 4 700
Ferro-nickel * 20 000 * 20 000 * 20 000 * 20 000 * 20 000
Ferro-silicon 1 057 909 935 912 840 352 928 797 846 579
Ferro-vanadium 12 277 12 392 12 588 11 383 10 894
Silicon metal * 48 000 * 48 000 * 48 000 * 48 000 * 48 000
Other ferro-alloys * 34 000 * 34 000 * 34 000 * 34 000 * 34 000
Slovakia
Ferro-manganese 24 500 35 000 41 300 32 300 26 200
Ferro-silico-manganese 27 100 35 700 40 100 37 200 49 900
Ferro-silicon 38 200 30 900 44 600 44 100 29 400
Other ferro-alloys 5 700 4 300 2 700 1 300 2 100
37
Production of ferro-alloys tonnes (metric)
Spain
Ferro-manganese 126 200 120 100 * 132 100 * 126 000 * 120 000
Ferro-silico-manganese 134 400 123 100 * 138 700 * 140 000 * 120 000
Ferro-silicon * 80 000 * 80 000 * 95 000 * 95 000 * 90 000
Silicon metal * 24 000 * 30 000 * 7 500 * 7 500 * 7 000
Sweden
Ferro-chrome 82 616 81 102 114 101 106 486 120 000
Turkey
Ferro-chrome 82 560 75 000 83 894 * 80 000 * 80 000
Ferro-silico-chrome * 3 000 * 3 000 * 3 000 * 3 000 * 3 000
Ukraine
Ferro-manganese 100 209 184 310 211 124 155 869 172 508
Ferro-silico-manganese 750 181 876 756 875 031 912 300 858 708
Ferro-nickel 95 209 84 025 74 459 79 537 79 334
Ferro-silicon 114 826 126 297 118 371 97 084 * 97 000
Other ferro-alloys 19 360 106 244 87 094 100 764 * 100 000
Egypt
Ferro-silicon (b) 54 767 60 477 * 60 500 * 60 500 * 60 500
Other ferro-alloys (b) 12 000 * 12 000 * 12 000 * 12 000 * 12 000
South Africa
Ferro-alloys 4 467 526 4 022 966 4 058 305 4 081 452 3 806 766
Zimbabwe
Ferro-chrome (a) 190 837 148 842 328 386 315 685 * 310 000
Canada
Ferro-niobium 5 385 6 099 6 981 * 7 500 * 7 000
Ferro-silicon * 38 000 * 38 000 * 40 000 * 36 000 * 36 000
Ferro-vanadium 1 000 * 1 000 * 1 000 * 1 500 * 1 500
Silicon metal * 30 000 * 27 000 28 300 * 34 000 * 34 000
Dominican Republic
Ferro-nickel — 33 203 43 894 53 697 38 157
Mexico
Ferro-manganese 67 919 84 529 90 010 95 349 72 937
Ferro-silico-manganese 139 363 134 251 148 142 151 991 154 209
USA
Ferro-silicon & silicon metal 411 000 384 000 415 000 430 000 * 320 000
Argentina
Ferro-silico-manganese * 11 000 * 10 000 * 10 000 * 10 000 * 10 000
Ferro-silicon * 11 000 * 11 000 * 11 000 * 11 000 * 11 000
Brazil
Ferro-chrome 155 421 (c) 150 240 (c) 171 531 (c) 175 061 (c) 136 780
Ferro-silico-chrome 36 092 ... ... ... ...
Ferro-silico-magnesium * 20 000 * 20 000 * 20 000 * 20 000 * 20 000
Ferro-manganese 129 000 124 000 149 000 168 000 151 000
Ferro-nickel (d) 21 286 44 538 43 800 42 310 45 543
Ferro-niobium 51 874 44 390 58 690 * 60 000 * 60 000
Ferro-silicon * 100 000 * 100 000 * 100 000 * 100 000 * 100 000
Silicon metal 150 000 110 000 110 000 190 000 * 190 000
Other ferro-alloys * 40 000 * 40 000 * 40 000 * 40 000 * 40 000
Chile
Ferro-molybdenum * 14 500 * 14 500 * 14 500 * 14 500 * 14 500
Colombia
Ferro-nickel 104 773 105 976 116 016 * 111 000 * 111 000
Venezuela
Ferro-manganese * 12 000 * 12 000 * 12 000 * 6 000 * 6 000
Ferro-silico-manganese * 14 000 * 14 000 * 14 000 * 7 000 * 7 000
Ferro-nickel * 50 000 * 50 000 * 50 000 * 25 000 * 25 000
Ferro-silicon * 80 000 * 80 000 * 80 000 * 40 000 * 40 000
Bahrain
Ferro-silico-manganese 6 000 5 000 0 0 0
Bhutan
Ferro-silicon * 104 500 * 106 000 * 109 000 * 120 900 * 138 900
Burma
Ferro-nickel (e) 65 466 64 462 62 367 32 786 * 46 000
38
Production of ferro-alloys tonnes (metric)
China
Ferro-alloys 36 664 000 35 588 000 32 887 000 31 234 000 36 577 000
Silicon metal 1 953 500 2 101 000 2 204 700 2 404 500 * 2 400 000
India
Ferro-aluminium (e) 3 212 4 345 4 423 2 752 1 545
Ferro-chrome (e) 944 000 944 000 944 000 944 000 927 273
Ferro-silico-magnesium (e) 20 541 20 183 15 978 19 180 14 173
Ferro-manganese (e) 518 000 518 000 518 000 518 000 45 818
Ferro-silico-manganese (e) 269 920 300 625 311 326 345 291 320 939
Ferro-molybdenum (e) 1 459 1 603 1 205 1 003 540
Ferro-silicon (e) 90 000 90 000 90 000 90 000 7 636
Ferro-titanium (e) 198 291 281 118 126
Ferro-vanadium (e) 937 1 329 1 331 1 013 660
Indonesia
Ferro-silico-manganese * 8 000 * 8 000 * 6 000 * 5 000 * 4 000
Ferro-nickel 86 055 101 465 108 810 124 340 128 565
Iran
Ferro-chrome (f) * 8 000 * 8 000 * 8 000 * 8 000 * 8 000
Ferro-silicon (f) * 50 000 * 50 000 * 50 000 * 50 000 * 50 000
Japan
Ferro-manganese 465 952 473 740 456 460 456 518 462 740
Ferro-nickel 396 969 333 448 312 324 339 844 337 790
Other ferro-alloys 73 651 77 453 79 809 73 094 74 015
Kazakhstan
Ferro-chrome 1 414 476 1 525 222 1 640 299 1 772 508 1 899 941
Ferro-silico-chrome 74 609 94 467 110 497 * 110 500 * 110 500
Ferro-silico-manganese 164 189 135 885 123 977 137 710 123 528
Ferro-silicon 86 984 68 779 60 001 65 405 79 930
Other ferro-alloys 1 662 — — *— *—
Korea (Rep. of)
Ferro-manganese * 355 000 * 355 000 * 355 000 * 355 000 * 355 000
Ferro-silico-manganese * 196 000 * 196 000 * 196 000 * 196 000 * 196 000
Other ferro-alloys * 4 200 * 4 200 * 4 200 * 4 200 * 4 200
Korea, Dem. P.R. of
Ferro-alloys * 16 000 * 23 000 * 30 000 * 41 000 * 46 000
Australia
Ferro-manganese & ferro-silico-manganese (b) 278 000 222 000 245 000 275 000 257 000
Silicon metal * 51 000 * 51 000 * 49 000 * 42 000 * 52 000
New Caledonia
Ferro-nickel 228 484 261 420 269 961 260 206 247 746
Note(s)
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Bahrain and Chile also produce ferro-chrome.
(2) In addition to the countries listed, Saudi Arabia also produces ferro-manganese and ferro-silico-manganese.
(a) Sales
(b) Years ended 30 June of that stated
(c) Including ferro-silico-chrome
(d) Nickel content
(e) Years ended 31 March following that stated
(f) Years ended 20 March following that stated
39
Production of kaolin tonnes (metric)
China * 3 200 000 * 3 200 000 * 3 200 000 * 3 200 000 * 3 200 000
India (g)(h) * 130 000 113 817 131 173 * 100 000 * 100 000
Indonesia * 180 000 * 180 000 * 180 000 * 180 000 * 300 000
Iran (i) 1 169 366 1 141 502 2 036 670 1 759 079 * 1 759 000
Japan * 12 000 * 12 000 * 12 000 * 12 000 * 12 000
Jordan * 100 000 * 100 000 * 100 000 * 100 000 * 100 000
Korea (Rep. of) 587 787 586 973 724 194 369 274 317 626
Malaysia 294 693 392 932 540 297 496 219 417 222
Oman 169 500 173 800 218 600 110 300 12 500
Pakistan (j) 18 956 20 726 28 710 19 483 15 978
Philippines 8 179 10 059 * 10 000 * 10 000 * 10 000
Saudi Arabia 111 000 196 000 206 000 216 000 * 216 000
Sri Lanka 2 238 1 767 1 941 * 2 000 * 2 000
Taiwan 732 4 035 1 665 20 500
Thailand (a) * 175 000 105 343 102 659 96 666 80 776
Uzbekistan (g) * 150 000 * 150 000 * 150 000 * 150 000 * 150 000
Vietnam * 100 000 * 100 000 * 100 000 * 100 000 * 100 000
40
Production of kaolin tonnes (metric)
Australia (j) 254 103 244 157 217 673 208 088 127 602
New Zealand 13 659 61 650 50 424 51 369 50 569
World total 24 800 000 24 400 000 26 900 000 26 400 000 25 200 000
Note(s)
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Denmark is believed to produce kaolin.
(a) Beneficiated
(b) Sales
(c) Washed and dried
(d) Washed
(e) Years ended 7 July of that stated
(f) Sold or used by producers
(g) Beneficiated; excludes directly used natural kaolin
(h) Years ended 31 March following that stated
(i) Years ended 20 March following that stated
(j) Years ended 30 June of that stated
41
Mine production of lead tonnes (metal content)
Australia 653 488 441 338 395 190 446 571 509 198
World total 5 000 000 4 900 000 4 500 000 4 500 000 4 700 000
Note(s)
(a) By-product of Pennine fluorspar operations
(b) By-product of Pennine fluorspar operations and of gold mining in Northern Ireland
(c) Years ended 31 March following that stated
(d) Years ended 15 July of that shown
42
Production of refined lead tonnes (metric)
Canada 268 863 274 226 274 061 260 956 260 267
Costa Rica * 7 000 * 8 000 * 10 400 * 10 000 * 9 000
Dominican Republic * 6 000 * 8 000 * 7 000 * 7 000 * 7 000
Guatemala * 12 000 * 12 000 * 12 000 * 12 000 * 12 000
Honduras — — 4 700 * 5 000 * 5 000
Mexico 414 000 401 400 423 000 433 100 446 900
USA (b) 1 050 000 1 110 000 1 140 000 1 140 000 * 1 200 000
43
Production of refined lead tonnes (metric)
Australia 227 600 223 700 211 200 188 800 124 388
World total 10 800 000 11 200 000 11 500 000 11 700 000 12 500 000
Note(s)
(1) Figures relate to both primary and secondary refined lead and include the lead content of antimonial lead.
Portugal
Lepidolite 19 275 40 758 65 743 76 818 59 912
Namibia
Lepidolite — — — 30 000 —
Nigeria — — — 1 567 133
Zimbabwe 44 000 48 000 51 000 70 000 65 000
Canada
Spodumene — — 1 100 140 000 —
USA (a) * 900 * 900 * 900 * 900 * 900
Australia
Spodumene 439 514 522 181 1 706 619 1 965 944 1 616 764
World total (Li content) 36 400 46 800 93 700 111 600 97 500
Note(s)
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Russia has also produced lithium minerals in the past.
(a) Li content
(b) Carbonate
(c) Chloride
(d) Carbonate, hydroxide and chloride
44
Production of magnesite tonnes (metric)
Austria 702 504 645 593 730 482 808 239 * 800 000
Finland 22 390 54 227 63 850 49 601 37 002
Greece 383 312 418 558 499 381 464 689 365 792
Netherlands (a) 257 510 265 857 282 551 349 000 292 000
Poland 96 000 77 920 101 920 102 110 91 490
Russia * 2 600 000 * 2 600 000 * 2 600 000 * 2 600 000 * 2 600 000
Slovakia 501 200 433 500 610 000 615 500 615 200
Spain 464 691 583 698 788 991 738 994 634 580
Turkey 3 335 258 3 258 445 1 694 071 1 958 847 * 2 000 000
Canada (b) * 150 000 * 150 000 * 150 000 * 150 000 * 150 000
Guatemala * 20 000 23 137 16 298 4 745 * 4 700
Mexico 101 000 101 000 101 000 101 000 * 101 000
Brazil (c) 1 621 000 1 652 424 2 034 000 1 700 000 1 700 000
Colombia 2 883 1 175 1 913 1 039 1 847
China * 18 400 000 * 18 600 000 * 19 000 000 * 18 500 000 * 19 000 000
India (d) 327 663 299 149 195 055 146 581 97 797
Iran (e) 151 881 155 916 154 860 169 953 * 170 000
Israel (f) * 120 000 107 274 90 000 113 000 105 350
Korea, Dem. P.R. of 149 599 160 935 172 488 * 170 000 * 170 000
Nepal (g) 60 — — — —
Pakistan (h) 24 627 35 228 19 656 23 596 41 477
Philippines 7 158 10 310 200 140 * 140
Saudi Arabia 294 000 286 200 302 100 325 950 * 315 000
Australia (h) 680 967 489 036 234 704 288 069 433 712
World total 30 400 000 30 400 000 29 900 000 29 400 000 29 700 000
Note(s)
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Bulgaria is believed to produce magnesite.
45
Production of primary magnesium metal tonnes (metric)
China 859 258 872 768 904 600 848 079 969 000
Israel 29 708 22 548 23 000 21 100 * 23 900
Korea (Rep. of) 3 000 3 000 3 000 110 —
Malaysia * 1 600 * 400 * 30 *— —
Note(s)
(1) In addition, substantial quantities of magnesium compounds are produced by, used and recycled within the process of titanium sponge
production. It is believed this relates to the mineral carnallite and/or secondary magnesium chloride compounds.
(2) Magnesium used within the process of titanium sponge production is not marketed as primary magnesium metal and is therefore
excluded from this table. Annual quantities are likely to be approximately: Russia 50,000 t, Kazakhstan 10,000 t and Ukraine 8,000 t.
46
Production of manganese ore tonnes (metric)
Mexico 592 728 549 589 561 612 556 220 534 044
Burma * 70 000 * 293 000 * 346 000 * 519 000 * 982 000
China 13 011 000 15 484 000 11 333 000 7 977 000 * 6 500 000
India (d) 2 166 947 2 395 134 2 599 815 2 820 227 2 956 175
Iran (e) 86 523 78 955 100 780 128 617 * 130 000
Kazakhstan 1 625 700 1 600 700 1 460 000 1 427 300 970 100
Malaysia 480 727 700 717 1 226 106 1 262 725 1 130 749
Oman 7 400 21 300 33 900 44 700 33 000
Thailand 9 000 2 750 8 020 4 000 4 800
Vietnam 20 700 13 400 50 000 68 194 76 106
Australia 6 281 497 5 327 566 6 172 266 7 212 118 6 649 432
World total 51 600 000 50 800 000 52 300 000 54 600 000 56 600 000
Note(s)
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Colombia, Cuba and Nigeria may produce manganese ore.
(a) Marketable
(b) Including beneficiated and direct shipping ore
(c) Years ended 30 June of that stated
(d) Years ended 31 March following that stated
(e) Years ended 20 March following that stated
47
Production of mercury kilograms
Mexico (a) * 250 000 * 240 000 * 140 000 * 160 000 * 32 000
USA * 15 000 * 15 000 * 15 000 * 15 000 * 15 000
China 2 801 000 3 482 000 3 573 000 2 317 000 2 232 000
Iran 14 000 — — — *—
Kyrgyzstan 20 000 * 20 000 * 20 000 * 20 000 * 20 000
Tajikistan 96 000 * 100 000 * 100 000 100 000 90 600
World total 3 300 000 4 000 000 4 000 000 2 700 000 2 400 000
Note(s)
(1) Several countries are believed to have unrecorded production of mercury from copper electrowinning processes and by recovery from
effluents.
World total 295 000 261 000 279 000 301 000 287 000
Note(s)
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Egypt and Romania are believed to produce mica.
(a) Including mica recovered from mica schists and/or kaolin beneficiation
(b) Sold or used by producers
(c) Years ended 31 March following that stated
(d) Years ended 20 March following that stated
(e) Mainly sericite
(f) Sericite
48
Mine production of molybdenum tonnes (metal content)
China 135 270 129 357 117 104 113 308 104 435
Iran (a) 6 705 6 975 7 767 7 662 * 7 600
Kazakhstan — — — 149 258
Mongolia 2 557 2 431 2 639 2 579 2 492
Uzbekistan 570 620 700 750 * 750
World total 290 000 284 000 290 000 289 000 275 000
Note(s)
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Australia, Georgia, India, Democratic P.R. of Korea, Romania and Tajikistan are believed to produce
molybdenum.
Norway 324 000 * 324 000 * 324 000 * 324 000 * 324 000
Russia
Nepheline syenite 4 111 000 4 432 000 4 332 000 4 294 000 4 244 000
Nepheline concentrates 951 900 958 100 998 100 986 000 1 188 000
Canada 599 000 475 000 632 000 549 000 506 000
49
Mine production of nickel tonnes (metal content)
Canada 234 519 235 034 214 302 185 962 180 904
Cuba 50 000 48 000 49 300 49 000 45 300
Dominican Republic — 9 913 15 632 19 214 28 450
Guatemala 46 298 36 939 54 517 65 710 * 55 000
USA 27 167 23 417 21 302 17 573 13 494
Australia 225 227 203 135 185 466 160 022 158 751
New Caledonia 193 199 204 207 215 382 216 225 209 549
Papua New Guinea 25 582 22 269 34 666 35 355 33 091
World total 2 164 000 1 993 000 2 137 000 2 384 000 2 702 000
Note(s)
(a) In addition some nickel is produced as a by-product of a talc operation. The amount is negligible
(b) Years ended 31 March of the year following that stated
50
Smelter/refinery production of nickel tonnes (metric)
Canada 149 716 158 299 154 759 137 411 124 736
Cuba 14 700 15 000 15 800 17 100 14 800
Dominican Republic — 9 961 15 363 18 794 13 355
Guatemala 10 826 8 688 12 416 14 688 20 323
Australia 152 978 120 520 108 500 114 517 106 470
New Caledonia 77 530 95 983 104 094 107 914 87 921
World total 1 997 000 2 029 000 2 199 000 2 320 000 2 492 000
Note(s)
(1) Data relate to refined nickel plus the nickel content of ferro-nickel, nickel oxide and nickel salts. It does not include nickel content of
nickel hydroxide cake or nickel matte as these are further refined elsewhere.
(2) In addition to the countries listed, the USA produces some nickel as a refinery by-product.
51
Production of perlite tonnes (metric)
Armenia — 4 78 8 —
Bulgaria — — 4 800 * 5 000 * 5 000
Georgia * 20 000 * 20 000 * 20 000 22 577 * 23 000
Greece 890 670 921 410 932 950 790 412 719 000
Hungary 65 459 76 254 71 412 80 396 * 80 000
Italy * 60 000 * 60 000 * 60 000 * 60 000 * 60 000
Russia * 45 000 * 45 000 * 45 000 * 45 000 * 45 000
Slovakia 25 000 19 000 47 510 36 000 32 000
Turkey 855 242 905 817 1 116 629 649 163 699 549
Ukraine * 16 000 15 772 16 560 * 17 000 * 17 000
China 723 000 1 930 000 1 219 000 * 1 300 000 * 1 300 000
Iran (a) 395 182 524 823 368 601 194 216 * 194 000
Philippines 18 575 14 460 2 148 9 696 * 10 000
Thailand 17 200 18 740 5 850 5 600 15 000
Note(s)
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Algeria, Canada, Djibouti, Iceland, Morocco and Mozambique are believed to produce perlite.
52
Production of crude petroleum tonnes (metric)
Albania 1 279 253 1 055 764 954 768 910 683 1 005 000
Austria (a) 905 999 809 358 741 890 664 009 * 660 000
Azerbaijan 41 628 300 40 999 100 38 688 400 38 814 300 37 517 600
Belarus 1 645 000 1 645 000 1 650 000 1 670 000 1 690 000
Bulgaria 23 700 22 600 21 930 * 21 930 * 21 930
Croatia 613 281 676 752 682 339 682 128 657 553
Czech Republic 126 000 116 000 107 000 109 000 81 000
Denmark 7 710 265 6 949 005 6 740 075 5 635 500 4 979 725
Estonia (b) 2 002 415 1 875 685 2 537 881 2 376 608 1 658 406
France 6 571 195 6 620 977 6 023 595 5 824 468 5 724 905
Georgia 40 206 38 557 31 995 30 159 35 070
Germany 2 412 063 2 355 028 2 218 406 2 066 642 1 923 232
Greece 214 000 329 000 266 000 334 000 * 330 000
Hungary 633 090 774 000 705 274 818 151 * 820 000
Italy 5 450 000 3 740 000 4 140 000 4 670 000 4 270 000
Lithuania 73 540 63 468 55 829 46 029 39 572
Netherlands 2 004 000 1 558 000 1 464 000 1 478 000 1 111 000
Norway 95 797 000 98 466 000 96 830 000 91 080 000 85 386 000
Poland 927 737 876 546 996 049 1 010 332 972 564
Romania 3 847 897 3 685 575 3 538 345 3 485 778 3 440 000
Russia 533 000 000 548 000 000 547 000 000 556 000 000 561 000 000
Serbia 1 026 686 933 884 893 000 876 592 854 000
Slovakia 10 000 9 000 5 000 5 000 4 000
Slovenia 261 229 241 270 267
Spain 229 567 139 176 118 809 89 476 39 861
Turkey * 2 700 000 2 336 391 2 638 251 4 213 619 3 074 859
Ukraine 2 531 000 2 272 000 2 098 200 2 293 000 2 453 600
United Kingdom 45 288 000 47 445 000 46 630 000 50 871 000 51 818 000
Algeria 67 200 000 68 400 000 66 600 000 65 300 000 64 300 000
Angola 88 200 000 85 800 000 81 600 000 74 100 000 69 100 000
Cameroon 4 896 300 4 716 700 3 880 800 3 518 600 3 639 400
Chad 5 800 000 6 100 000 5 200 000 6 100 000 6 700 000
Congo 11 910 000 9 970 000 12 250 000 16 870 000 16 340 000
Congo, Democratic Republic 1 132 052 1 075 779 1 034 393 1 152 050 1 120 345
Egypt 35 400 000 33 800 000 32 200 000 34 200 000 33 600 000
Equatorial Guinea 12 100 000 10 400 000 9 000 000 8 700 000 8 200 000
Gabon 11 920 000 11 480 000 10 500 000 9 650 000 10 300 000
Ghana 5 161 000 4 960 192 7 615 649 8 762 913 10 070 693
Ivory Coast 1 473 595 2 117 487 1 707 688 1 854 000 1 954 000
Libya 19 996 000 18 810 000 43 757 120 55 146 520 57 800 000
Mauritania 258 900 240 528 165 603 — —
Morocco 5 000 5 000 4 000 5 000 * 5 000
Niger 697 000 647 220 547 650 448 074 393 309
Nigeria 105 700 000 91 300 000 94 500 000 96 400 000 101 400 000
Senegal 22 900 3 300 13 000 20 200 28 600
South Africa 70 979 38 796 31 145 23 781 —
South Sudan 7 300 000 5 800 000 6 000 000 6 300 000 6 800 000
Sudan 4 187 200 4 074 800 3 589 000 3 588 400 1 072 500
Tunisia 2 547 000 2 168 400 1 827 600 1 764 000 1 686 000
Argentina 27 176 128 27 176 128 25 463 642 26 013 729 26 060 312
Bolivia 3 381 000 3 566 000 3 520 000 3 566 000 * 3 500 000
Brazil 130 716 876 135 223 698 141 362 424 139 356 470 149 550 768
Chile 254 649 213 032 176 065 158 795 159 977
Colombia 51 841 046 45 661 017 45 000 000 45 600 000 46 700 000
Ecuador 29 100 000 29 500 000 28 500 000 27 700 000 * 27 000 000
Peru 7 342 379 6 657 419 6 620 481 6 635 696 6 898 900
Suriname 998 387 961 341 959 752 964 639 971 528
Venezuela 135 400 000 120 100 000 107 600 000 75 600 000 46 600 000
53
Production of crude petroleum tonnes (metric)
Australia 17 203 247 16 112 627 15 495 471 16 206 743 21 683 614
New Zealand 1 860 880 1 572 040 1 399 820 1 085 650 1 088 430
Papua New Guinea 1 311 000 1 195 000 946 000 467 300 367 500
World total 4 344 000 000 4 358 000 000 4 375 000 000 4 482 000 000 4 461 000 000
Note(s)
(1) The figures shown in this table include natural gas liquids.
54
Production of natural gas million cubic metres
Albania 35 92 102 92 * 80
Austria 1 183 1 253 1 742 969 * 950
Azerbaijan 19 236 18 718 18 186 19 207 24 527
Belarus 225 216 205 211 218
Bulgaria 85 80 65 * 65 * 65
Croatia 1 828 1 690 1 530 1 279 1 070
Czech Republic 200 169 171 179 146
Denmark 4 374 4 301 4 592 3 929 2 980
France 20 20 17 9 —
Georgia 11 7 9 10 9
Germany 9 323 8 608 7 932 6 888 6 699
Greece 4 9 8 12 * 12
Hungary 1 872 1 986 1 885 2 104 1 386
Ireland, Republic of 118 2 748 3 171 3 057 2 385
Italy 6 880 6 020 5 650 5 500 4 980
Netherlands 52 177 50 373 43 915 36 735 31 950
Norway 117 150 116 820 124 160 121 560 115 130
Poland 5 624 5 401 5 408 5 348 5 374
Romania 11 426 10 118 11 071 10 752 9 990
Russia 633 000 641 000 691 000 726 000 738 000
Serbia 626 595 548 506 477
Slovakia 104 87 88 80 75
Slovenia 3 5 8 15 7
Spain 12 8 13 93 131
Turkey 396 316 368 425 * 425
Ukraine 19 757 20 047 20 510 20 806 20 520
United Kingdom 40 466 41 607 42 094 37 847 34 555
Barbados 20 17 15 15 * 15
Canada 156 413 158 452 160 885 168 921 164 957
Cuba 1 245 1 185 1 051 970 951
Mexico 59 870 52 248 48 704 * 46 000 * 44 000
Trinidad & Tobago 39 164 34 091 34 391 36 647 36 769
USA (a) 765 953 752 557 773 738 870 912 961 282
55
Production of natural gas million cubic metres
World total 3 697 000 3 748 000 3 901 000 4 084 000 4 232 000
Note(s)
(1) So far as possible the figures in this table exclude flared or reinjected gas.
56
Production of phosphate rock tonnes (metric)
Finland 956 564 939 531 978 613 989 073 994 572
Russia 11 500 000 12 300 000 13 200 000 13 600 000 13 800 000
Turkey 713 230 772 500 — — —
Algeria 1 288 900 1 274 000 1 112 000 1 204 100 1 338 400
Burkina Faso * 1 000 * 1 000 * 1 000 * 1 000 * 1 000
Egypt (a) 3 427 000 2 556 000 1 276 000 * 1 300 000 * 1 300 000
Malawi 12 400 2 500 1 000 1 594 1 753
Mali 31 000 37 236 41 000 * 46 000 * 46 000
Morocco 26 264 000 26 900 000 32 800 000 37 600 000 35 300 000
Senegal
Phosphate rock 1 062 000 1 609 000 1 385 000 1 782 000 1 748 000
Aluminium phosphate (b) * 800 000 * 1 000 000 * 1 000 000 917 200 643 900
South Africa 1 852 348 1 696 533 2 079 294 2 058 274 1 825 719
Tanzania * 23 000 23 658 1 351 — —
Togo 1 150 194 850 076 732 503 930 857 703 573
Tunisia 3 228 311 3 663 613 4 422 100 2 802 000 4 108 800
Zimbabwe 6 200 6 500 9 000 * 6 000 * 9 000
Mexico 1 929 439 3 294 266 2 307 180 829 835 * 830 000
USA 27 400 000 27 100 000 27 900 000 25 700 000 23 300 000
Brazil (c) 5 600 000 5 850 000 6 033 000 5 740 000 5 300 000
Chile
Phosphate rock 16 141 1 604 — — —
Guano 3 408 4 601 4 238 4 154 3 405
Colombia 95 483 84 125 63 483 52 945 77 907
Peru 11 161 636 10 561 111 8 450 379 10 308 276 11 091 502
Venezuela 26 324 * 25 000 68 062 * 70 000 * 70 000
China 142 039 000 144 398 000 123 132 000 96 326 000 93 324 000
Christmas Island (a) (d) (e) 671 000 770 000 644 000 643 000 486 000
India (f) 1 571 973 1 124 440 1 515 645 1 284 580 1 441 633
Iran (g) 85 066 64 805 52 600 86 579 * 86 600
Iraq * 140 000 * 140 000 * 140 000 * 140 000 * 140 000
Israel 3 427 469 3 591 200 2 637 440 3 028 800 2 649 800
Jordan 8 335 993 7 991 157 8 687 581 8 022 393 9 223 346
Kazakhstan * 1 830 000 * 1 830 000 * 1 830 000 * 1 830 000 * 1 830 000
Laos
Guano — 181 000 435 000 — 635
Pakistan (a) 109 874 115 140 61 677 68 541 83 044
Philippines
Phosphate rock 5 437 8 019 159 1 236 * 1 500
Guano 495 670 * 700 1 500 * 1 500
Saudi Arabia 2 002 000 5 400 000 5 800 000 6 090 000 * 6 200 000
Sri Lanka 52 518 38 848 42 435 46 530 47 438
Syria 750 000 *— *— * 100 000 * 2 000 000
Thailand * 500 * 500 8 000 — —
Uzbekistan * 700 000 * 700 000 * 700 000 * 700 000 * 700 000
Vietnam 2 923 400 3 142 500 4 588 000 4 332 216 4 651 627
Australia (a) 1 027 622 1 037 265 942 373 850 987 720 615
Nauru (d) 94 021 114 350 126 000 61 042 81 500
World total 264 000 000 271 000 000 255 000 000 230 000 000 226 000 000
Note(s)
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Indonesia and Nigeria are believed to produce phosphate rock
57
Mine production of platinum group metals kilograms (metal content)
Finland
Platinum 992 1 154 1 418 1 576 953
Palladium 784 883 1 021 1 157 699
Poland
Platinum 40 50 * 11 8 *8
Palladium 20 30 *7 *7 *7
Russia
Platinum (a) 20 800 20 500 22 100 20 200 21 500
Palladium (a) 75 500 78 300 86 300 85 300 86 600
Other platinum metals (a) 2 500 2 600 2 400 2 100 1 835
Serbia
Platinum 2 3 3 *6 *6
Palladium 22 23 50 * 55 * 55
Botswana
Platinum 31 — — — —
Palladium 156 — — — —
Ethiopia
Platinum (b) *5 *5 *5 1 *1
South Africa
Platinum 139 125 133 241 131 247 137 053 132 989
Palladium 82 691 76 273 80 134 80 629 80 684
Other platinum metals 53 699 54 139 48 895 52 964 54 395
Zimbabwe
Platinum 12 564 15 110 14 257 14 703 13 856
Palladium 10 055 12 222 11 822 12 094 11 639
Other platinum metals 2 612 3 093 3 005 3 076 2 800
Canada
Platinum * 11 900 * 11 300 * 9 800 * 11 000 * 10 300
Palladium * 20 800 * 19 700 * 17 100 * 19 200 * 17 900
Other platinum metals * 1 400 * 1 300 * 1 100 * 1 300 * 1 200
USA
Platinum 3 670 3 890 3 980 4 160 * 3 600
Palladium 12 532 13 070 13 600 14 300 * 12 000
Other platinum metals 96 103 * 100 * 100 * 100
China
Platinum 2 300 2 900 2 500 2 500 * 2 500
Palladium 1 200 1 400 1 400 1 300 * 1 300
World total 457 000 453 000 454 000 466 000 457 000
Note(s)
(1) Wherever possible, figures relate to quantities of platinum group metals thought to be recovered from ores originating in the country
stated.
(2) Figures for metal production are only given for countries where recovery is thought to be based predominantly on domestic materials
or on imported materials which have not been recorded as mine production elsewhere in the table.
(3) In addition to the production listed, concentrates produced in Spain, and possibly other countries, are believed to be processed in
China to recover platinum group metals.
58
Production of potash tonnes (K20 content)
Belarus 6 467 878 6 180 050 7 101 799 7 346 096 7 348 293
Germany
Potassic salts 3 109 903 2 694 126 2 963 561 2 754 085 2 615 284
Russia
Chloride 6 954 000 6 588 000 7 320 000 7 015 000 6 771 000
Spain
Chloride 667 959 667 224 557 469 603 812 519 644
United Kingdom
Chloride 594 000 432 000 216 000 210 000 —
Polyhalite 200 000 200 000 500 000 400 000 635 000
Canada
Chloride 11 506 000 10 208 000 12 624 000 13 944 000 12 851 000
USA
Potassic salts 740 000 510 000 480 000 520 000 * 510 000
Brazil
Chloride 481 270 500 917 306 000 201 200 200 000
Chile
Chloride 1 118 864 1 237 447 1 197 105 988 512 681 697
China * 5 710 000 * 5 780 000 * 5 510 000 * 5 450 000 * 5 450 000
Israel
Chloride 950 077 2 306 675 2 479 000 2 344 600 2 057 078
Jordan 1 436 600 1 222 100 1 415 200 1 486 000 1 516 500
Laos 411 452 320 257 469 172 554 103 462 738
World total 40 300 000 38 800 000 43 100 000 43 800 000 41 600 000
Note(s)
(1) All the figures in this table are either reported as rare earth oxides or are calculated to rare earth oxide equivalent.
(2) Prior to the 2005-2009 edition of this book, a table for the production of 'rare earth minerals' was included rather than the current 'rare
earth oxides'. Users should exercise caution when comparing statistics over longer time periods.
(3) Although rare earth minerals are believed to be extracted in other countries, there is insufficient evidence to estimate the quantities of
contained oxides.
(4) Where possible, data are shown against the country where the mineral is mined.
(a) Includes production from iron ore extraction, bastnasite concentrates and ion absorption clays
(b) Years ending 31 March following that stated
(c) Years ending 30 June of that stated
59
Production of rhenium tonnes (metric)
Poland 9 9 11 9 8
Russia *2 *2 *2 *2 *2
USA 8 8 8 8 *8
Chile * 26 * 27 * 27 * 27 * 27
China *3 *3 *3 *3 *3
Kazakhstan *1 *1 *1 *1 *1
Uzbekistan *0 *0 *0 *0 *0
Albania
Sea salt * 47 000 * 47 000 * 47 000 * 47 000 * 47 000
Armenia 27 392 32 250 32 551 22 583 24 975
Austria
Rock salt 248 244 251 53 * 50
Salt in brine 985 357 1 044 926 1 113 728 1 178 500 * 1 180 000
Azerbaijan 4 743 4 690 4 985 4 208 4 526
Belarus 2 055 047 2 476 493 2 628 985 2 904 097 2 517 590
Bosnia & Herzegovina 869 750 966 177 1 029 302 1 063 457 1 069 210
Bulgaria 3 100 000 3 300 000 3 400 000 * 3 400 000 * 3 400 000
Croatia 51 877 39 836 52 938 50 825 47 793
Denmark * 580 000 * 580 000 * 580 000 * 580 000 * 580 000
France 4 266 053 5 185 000 4 663 569 4 532 085 4 364 736
Germany
Rock salt 6 027 873 5 634 339 6 793 883 7 185 794 7 374 654
Brine salt 2 286 769 2 278 304 2 679 189 2 609 664 1 748 844
Salt in brine 8 132 675 8 324 054 8 961 916 8 711 720 9 153 686
Greece (a) 121 537 158 020 * 160 000 * 160 000 * 160 000
Italy
Rock salt & brine salt 3 030 687 2 550 849 2 283 406 1 514 829 1 538 072
Malta * 1 000 * 1 000 * 1 000 * 1 000 * 1 000
Montenegro
Sea salt * 10 000 * 10 000 * 10 000 * 10 000 * 10 000
Netherlands 6 700 000 6 625 000 6 935 000 6 744 000 5 914 000
Poland
Rock salt 639 735 698 607 984 000 853 210 912 000
Brine salt 2 797 703 2 964 690 2 989 000 2 928 781 2 929 000
Other salt 487 189 499 506 446 000 497 354 361 000
Portugal
Rock salt 30 008 6 092 7 800 6 201 —
Sea salt 117 282 105 972 114 531 94 624 107 506
Romania 2 092 932 2 128 156 2 290 060 * 2 300 000 * 2 000 000
Russia 723 000 769 000 * 770 000 * 770 000 * 770 000
Serbia 13 202 9 149 * 9 000 * 9 000 * 9 000
Slovenia 2 191 2 417 2 335 2 018 1 437
Spain
Rock salt 3 032 409 3 253 372 2 869 661 3 199 559 3 084 140
Sea salt 1 402 672 1 199 669 1 168 121 1 194 812 1 000 000
Other salt 154 464 99 815 97 844 117 872 110 156
Switzerland 476 941 447 216 448 509 530 414 477 000
Turkey 6 257 320 5 328 256 6 673 242 6 298 705 * 6 600 000
Ukraine 2 136 500 1 783 530 1 815 684 2 191 619 2 092 795
United Kingdom * 4 000 000 3 898 987 2 361 707 3 430 266 2 254 046
60
Production of salt tonnes (metric)
Algeria
Brine salt & sea salt 175 000 157 400 * 160 000 * 160 000 * 160 000
Angola 47 845 * 93 000 * 101 000 110 000 * 110 000
Botswana 404 295 399 837 369 613 367 988 383 779
Djibouti * 500 * 500 * 830 000 * 2 500 000 * 2 500 000
Egypt (b) 1 609 000 1 402 000 * 1 750 000 * 1 800 000 * 1 800 000
Eritrea * 300 000 * 310 000 * 320 000 * 320 000 * 320 000
Ethiopia (c) 79 605 29 634 438 192 * 122 850 * 125 000
Ghana * 250 000 * 250 000 * 250 000 * 350 000 * 350 000
Guinea * 15 000 * 15 000 * 15 000 * 15 000 * 15 000
Kenya (d) 21 201 23 423 43 245 28 841 30 600
Libya * 30 000 * 30 000 * 40 000 * 50 000 * 50 000
Madagascar * 120 000 * 130 000 * 130 000 * 120 000 * 120 000
Mauritania * 700 * 700 * 700 * 700 * 700
Mauritius (a) 1 800 500 500 500 * 500
Morocco 555 760 634 662 659 263 691 637 * 692 000
Mozambique (a) * 160 000 * 170 000 * 170 000 * 170 000 * 170 000
Namibia 732 980 835 539 808 952 833 193 906 517
Senegal 265 700 263 200 265 000 245 700 286 100
South Africa 520 070 488 984 503 935 476 107 510 499
Sudan 20 136 223 397 235 000 267 000 * 267 000
Tanzania 92 158 145 718 100 017 36 392 99 510
Tunisia 1 280 000 1 346 026 1 403 537 2 116 972 2 039 781
Bahamas (e) 962 486 308 007 349 710 854 223 * 850 000
Bonaire (a) * 400 000 * 400 000 * 400 000 * 400 000 * 400 000
Canada
Rock salt 13 312 076 9 272 371 10 378 614 9 675 013 10 986 492
Other salt (f) 974 035 979 790 1 045 010 1 016 444 955 790
Cuba 284 900 248 000 246 300 192 700 210 400
Dominican Republic 12 328 * 12 000 * 13 000 * 25 000 —
El Salvador (a) * 100 000 * 100 000 * 100 000 * 100 000 * 100 000
Guatemala (a) * 60 000 * 60 000 * 60 000 * 60 000 * 60 000
Honduras * 60 000 * 60 000 * 60 000 * 60 000 * 60 000
Jamaica * 14 000 * 14 000 * 14 000 * 14 000 * 14 000
Mexico 9 718 027 9 785 053 9 570 779 10 852 583 8 667 883
Nicaragua (a) * 30 000 * 30 000 * 30 000 * 30 000 * 30 000
Panama (a) 23 576 23 754 18 862 17 490 27 721
USA
Rock salt (g) 20 400 000 17 900 000 16 500 000 * 17 101 000 * 17 518 000
Salt in brine (g) 16 900 000 16 900 000 15 600 000 * 16 168 000 * 16 562 000
Evaporated salt (g) 7 780 000 6 950 000 7 460 000 * 7 732 000 * 7 920 000
Argentina 1 400 777 1 812 285 1 461 065 1 406 020 * 1 406 000
Bolivia 2 216 4 534 3 358 5 373 * 5 100
Brazil
Rock salt 1 476 015 1 410 314 * 1 500 000 * 1 500 000 * 1 500 000
Sea salt 6 200 000 6 100 000 * 6 000 000 * 6 000 000 * 6 000 000
Chile 11 831 116 8 139 914 7 440 741 10 012 105 10 476 823
Colombia
Rock salt 334 804 354 791 336 373 339 503 347 183
Sea salt 95 652 176 021 165 126 51 720 —
Ecuador * 75 000 * 75 000 * 75 000 * 75 000 * 75 000
Peru 1 471 131 1 450 415 1 481 398 1 509 564 1 266 347
Venezuela (a) * 350 000 * 350 000 * 350 000 * 300 000 * 300 000
61
Production of salt tonnes (metric)
Japan (j) 938 000 928 000 926 000 929 000 903 000
Jordan * 8 000 * 8 000 * 8 000 * 8 000 * 8 000
Kazakhstan 608 627 730 283 803 794 885 715 1 012 098
Korea (Rep. of) 342 844 323 470 308 844 282 590 261 970
Korea, Dem. P.R. of * 500 000 * 500 000 * 500 000 * 500 000 * 500 000
Kuwait 64 289 66 664 58 000 * 58 000 * 58 000
Laos 1 733 118 6 697 — 10 079
Lebanon (a) * 15 000 * 15 000 * 15 000 * 15 000 * 15 000
Mongolia 1 686 478 860 997 533
Oman 12 600 4 500 18 000 11 500 15 000
Pakistan
Rock salt (e) 2 797 506 3 552 948 3 534 075 3 653 746 3 796 634
Other (e) (d) 292 953 254 089 209 076 234 598 256 830
Philippines (a) * 993 000 * 993 000 * 993 000 * 993 000 * 993 000
Saudi Arabia
Rock salt & brine salt 2 000 000 2 400 000 2 520 000 2 646 000 * 2 600 000
Sri Lanka 63 250 150 357 116 912 68 834 57 291
Syria * 5 000 * 2 500 * 2 500 * 2 500 * 2 500
Taiwan 78 301 77 276 77 054 78 539 76 255
Tajikistan 35 704 33 055 35 516 15 670 20 207
Thailand
Rock salt 1 385 911 1 333 675 1 497 223 1 487 364 1 580 390
Turkmenistan * 230 000 * 230 000 * 230 000 * 230 000 * 230 000
Uzbekistan * 60 000 * 60 000 * 60 000 * 60 000 * 60 000
Vietnam 1 061 000 982 000 648 500 996 513 912 884
Yemen, Republic of * 75 000 * 75 000 * 75 000 * 100 000 * 100 000
Australia (e) 12 324 493 11 514 481 11 280 859 13 582 811 12 489 275
New Zealand 101 000 101 678 60 000 50 000 75 000
World total 289 900 000 277 400 000 279 800 000 289 800 000 284 600 000
Note(s)
(1) This table does not include production of refined salt.
(2) Salt is known to be produced in many countries for which statistics are not available.
62
Production of refined selenium tonnes (metric)
Armenia * 20 * 20 * 20 * 20 * 20
Belgium * 200 * 200 * 200 * 200 * 200
Finland 93 104 100 109 115
Germany (a) * 790 * 790 * 790 * 790 * 790
Poland 87 82 74 66 76
Russia 143 197 194 176 184
Serbia 15 18 * 18 * 18 * 18
Sweden * 20 * 20 * 20 * 90 * 50
Note(s)
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Australia, Iran, the Republic of Korea and Zimbabwe are believed to produce refined selenium.
France
Andalusite (a) * 68 000 * 58 000 * 68 000 * 65 000 * 68 000
USA
Kyanite (b) 109 000 79 700 91 300 89 200 * 90 000
India
Kyanite (c) 2 901 3 253 7 818 4 889 2 899
Sillimanite (c) 69 942 68 131 81 638 69 033 12 931
Nepal
Kyanite (d) 7 1 2 0 0
Note(s)
(1) A number of other countries produce sillimanite minerals but details of output are not reported.
(2) In addition to the countries listed above as producing sillimanite minerals, synthetic mullite is believed to be produced in Brazil,
Germany and Hungary.
(3) Production capacity for synthetic mullite also exists in China, India, Japan, the USA and the United Kingdom but output is believed to
be zero.
63
Mine production of silver kilograms (metal content)
Canada 383 807 385 134 389 568 404 000 410 000
Dominican Republic 95 705 121 748 151 756 166 499 108 685
Guatemala 862 814 837 815 336 944 — —
Honduras 34 369 17 600 21 784 31 181 43 582
Mexico 5 955 151 5 408 521 5 815 034 7 243 245 5 840 000
Nicaragua 18 576 21 382 15 419 11 263 17 362
Panama — — — — 35 217
USA 1 090 000 1 150 000 1 030 000 934 000 971 000
Argentina 1 175 246 1 055 700 997 961 1 023 768 * 1 000 000
Bolivia 1 306 977 1 356 620 1 222 371 1 191 024 1 153 110
Brazil 44 142 48 793 41 900 49 600 * 50 000
Chile 1 504 271 1 501 436 1 318 582 1 370 237 1 309 321
Colombia 11 602 11 866 12 076 16 684 12 706
Ecuador 2 521 934 68 192 200
Peru 4 101 568 4 375 337 4 417 987 4 160 162 3 860 306
China 3 421 355 3 496 003 3 601 800 3 421 355 3 443 128
India (d) 426 443 460 811 557 691 679 376 481 967
Indonesia 151 934 185 234 331 644 335 491 484 900
Iran 48 400 * 50 000 — — *—
Japan 4 616 5 076 3 408 3 596 3 467
Kazakhstan 1 308 926 1 186 511 1 060 662 969 347 1 022 126
Korea (Rep. of) 4 600 6 579 8 863 7 090 5 245
Korea, Dem. P.R. of * 50 000 * 50 000 * 50 000 * 50 000 * 50 000
Kyrgyzstan 17 200 15 500 14 200 13 600 14 500
Laos 51 763 51 302 42 840 37 464 34 443
Malaysia 945 1 075 1 404 1 542 686
Mongolia 48 989 79 480 72 440 64 800 69 432
Philippines 29 952 35 186 31 748 29 782 31 267
64
Mine production of silver kilograms (metal content)
Australia 1 430 298 1 418 219 1 120 175 1 254 480 1 325 089
Fiji 354 354 350 358 692
New Zealand 12 498 7 960 8 022 6 332 4 060
Papua New Guinea 44 588 90 498 69 330 104 004 157 927
World total 28 144 000 28 132 000 27 146 000 27 961 000 26 261 000
Note(s)
(a) Smelter and/or refinery production
(b) Sales
(c) Years ended 7 July of that stated
(d) Years ended 31 March following that stated
Turkey 1 854 290 1 976 880 3 274 416 3 400 000 * 3 500 000
Botswana 243 369 280 457 226 667 297 237 269 119
Ethiopia (a) 6 878 4 177 6 785 18 105 * 18 000
Kenya 319 761 301 719 311 000 339 025 230 355
USA 11 600 000 11 800 000 12 000 000 11 900 000 * 12 000 000
Note(s)
(a) Years ended 7 July of that stated
Note(s)
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Germany is believed to produce strontium minerals.
65
Production of sulphur and pyrites tonnes (sulphur content)
Austria
Recovered (a) * 44 000 * 44 000 * 44 000 * 44 000 * 44 000
Belarus
Recovered (a) 72 038 59 920 64 184 72 718 65 043
Belgium
Recovered (a) (b) * 400 000 * 400 000 * 400 000 * 400 000 * 400 000
Bosnia & Herzegovina
Recovered 4 138 4 563 4 887 3 702 * 3 700
Bulgaria
Recovered (b) 429 070 387 070 490 272 463 393 414 503
Recovered (a) * 60 000 * 60 000 * 60 000 * 60 000 * 60 000
Croatia
Recovered (a) 17 540 21 690 24 168 23 406 12 640
Czech Republic
Recovered (a) * 35 000 * 32 000 * 29 000 * 30 000 * 22 000
Denmark
Recovered (a) 4 447 6 144 4 004 4 194 3 554
Finland
Pyrites 353 000 206 000 291 000 271 000 233 000
Recovered (b) 348 640 349 471 345 762 343 377 327 300
Recovered (a) * 130 000 * 130 000 * 130 000 * 130 000 * 120 000
France
Recovered (a) * 370 000 * 370 000 * 370 000 * 370 000 * 370 000
Recovered (c) * 78 000 * 78 000 * 78 000 54 592 * 55 000
Germany
Recovered (a) 627 797 577 684 537 882 419 597 460 000
Recovered (c) 383 894 351 865 328 247 254 400 280 660
Greece
Recovered (a) 154 990 190 000 326 100 * 330 000 * 330 000
Hungary
Recovered (a) * 54 000 * 54 000 * 54 000 * 54 000 * 54 000
Italy (d) 740 000 550 000 511 000 550 000 * 550 000
Lithuania
Recovered (a) 84 001 94 522 93 969 93 958 86 041
Netherlands
Recovered (b) * 107 000 * 112 000 * 86 000 * 96 000 * 86 000
Recovered (a) * 515 000 * 530 000 * 520 000 * 520 000 * 520 000
Norway
Recovered (b) 76 384 74 277 63 974 69 998 72 900
Recovered (a) * 22 000 * 22 000 * 22 000 * 22 000 * 22 000
Poland
Frasch 627 600 620 500 663 000 617 370 568 240
Recovered (b) * 280 000 * 280 000 * 280 000 * 280 000 * 280 000
Recovered (a) 23 820 24 500 23 000 23 770 25 200
Portugal
Recovered * 21 000 * 21 000 * 21 000 * 21 000 * 21 000
Romania
Recovered * 46 000 * 44 000 * 42 000 * 42 000 * 42 000
Russia
Pyrites * 71 000 * 71 000 * 71 000 * 71 000 * 71 000
Recovered (a) * 6 400 000 * 6 600 000 * 6 600 000 * 6 700 000 * 6 700 000
Recovered (c) * 954 000 * 954 000 * 954 000 * 954 000 * 954 000
Sulphur ore 110 155 94 418 96 316 83 707 57 427
Serbia
Recovered (b) * 29 400 * 29 400 * 29 400 * 29 400 * 29 400
Slovakia
Recovered (b) * 4 900 * 4 900 * 4 900 * 4 900 * 4 900
Recovered (a) * 85 300 * 85 300 * 85 300 * 85 300 * 85 300
Spain
Recovered (b) * 539 000 * 539 000 * 539 000 * 539 000 * 539 000
Recovered (a) * 515 000 * 515 000 * 515 000 * 515 000 * 515 000
Sweden
Recovered (b) 192 499 187 264 190 014 200 122 178 401
Recovered (a) 95 172 86 312 91 018 86 967 50 021
66
Production of sulphur and pyrites tonnes (sulphur content)
Turkey
Pyrites 22 271 61 31 482 9 142 * 9 000
Recovered (a) (c) * 72 900 * 72 900 * 72 900 * 72 900 * 72 900
Sulphur ore 823 — 5 285 900 * 900
United Kingdom
Recovered (a) 135 000 133 000 133 000 129 000 130 000
Algeria
Recovered (a) * 10 000 * 10 000 * 10 000 * 10 000 * 10 000
Egypt
Recovered (a) * 60 000 * 60 000 * 80 000 * 80 000 * 80 000
Libya
Recovered (a) — — 133 300 — *—
Morocco
Recovered * 60 000 * 60 000 * 60 000 * 60 000 * 60 000
Namibia
Recovered 12 068 62 633 72 283 78 612 72 923
South Africa
Recovered (a) (b) 277 630 280 830 280 830 239 405 919 624
Zambia
Recovered (b) * 300 000 363 000 679 500 754 000 * 800 000
Canada
Recovered (b) 558 000 635 300 524 000 505 000 520 000
Recovered (a) 5 187 000 4 746 100 4 802 900 4 828 000 6 418 000
Cuba
Recovered 1 355 1 780 3 047 3 154 3 234
Recovered (a) * 20 000 * 20 000 * 20 000 * 20 000 * 20 000
Mexico
Recovered (b) * 556 000 * 556 000 * 556 000 * 556 000 * 556 000
Recovered (a) 858 527 673 285 551 218 442 657 729 934
Trinidad & Tobago
Recovered (a) * 10 000 * 10 000 * 10 000 * 10 000 * 10 000
USA
Recovered (b) 646 000 673 000 575 000 670 000 * 620 000
Recovered (a) 8 890 000 9 070 000 9 070 000 9 010 000 * 8 200 000
Argentina
Recovered (b) * 23 000 * 23 000 * 20 000 * 20 000 * 20 000
Brazil
Pyrites * 20 000 * 20 000 * 20 000 * 20 000 * 20 000
Recovered (b) 259 000 * 292 000 * 292 000 * 292 000 * 292 000
Recovered (a) 255 000 * 239 000 * 239 000 * 239 000 * 239 000
Chile
Recovered (b) 1 488 326 1 595 595 1 524 437 1 476 456 1 263 119
Colombia
Recovered (a) 8 170 7 653 6 980 * 7 000 * 7 000
Sulphur ore 76 239 76 331 64 856 — —
Ecuador
Recovered (a) (e) * 5 000 * 5 000 * 5 000 * 5 000 * 5 000
Peru (d) * 556 000 * 556 000 * 556 000 * 556 000 * 556 000
Venezuela
Recovered (a) * 450 000 * 400 000 * 360 000 * 250 000 * 155 000
Bahrain
Recovered (a) * 120 000 * 120 000 * 110 000 * 100 000 * 120 000
China
Pyrites * 4 360 000 * 5 200 000 * 5 850 000 * 5 900 000 * 5 900 000
Recovered * 12 930 000 * 11 800 000 * 11 590 000 * 11 600 000 * 11 600 000
India
Recovered (b) (f) * 1 200 000 * 1 200 000 * 1 200 000 * 1 200 000 * 1 200 000
Recovered (a) (f) 473 322 560 826 825 173 890 400 892 894
Indonesia
Recovered (b) * 160 000 * 160 000 * 160 000 * 160 000 * 160 000
Recovered (a) * 120 000 * 120 000 * 120 000 * 120 000 * 120 000
67
Production of sulphur and pyrites tonnes (sulphur content)
Iran (d) 2 200 000 2 200 000 2 200 000 2 200 000 * 2 200 000
Iraq
Recovered (a) * 5 672 000 * 6 310 000 * 6 450 000 * 6 583 000 * 6 792 000
Israel
Recovered (a) 71 627 71 104 * 71 000 75 934 * 76 000
Japan
Recovered (b) 1 629 493 1 700 085 1 583 867 1 710 961 1 629 656
Recovered (a) 1 733 338 1 817 790 1 788 620 1 697 355 1 629 365
Jordan
Recovered (a) * 490 000 * 490 000 * 490 000 * 490 000 * 490 000
Kazakhstan
Recovered (b) * 604 000 * 604 000 * 604 000 * 604 000 * 604 000
Recovered (a) 2 514 900 2 546 500 2 947 300 * 2 620 000 * 2 625 000
Korea (Rep. of)
Recovered (b) * 1 078 000 * 1 078 000 * 1 078 000 * 1 078 000 * 1 078 000
Recovered (a) 1 450 000 2 000 000 2 000 000 2 000 000 2 000 000
Kuwait
Recovered (a) * 850 000 * 850 000 * 850 000 * 850 000 * 850 000
Oman
Recovered (a) * 49 000 * 50 000 * 48 000 * 49 000 * 48 000
Pakistan
Sulphur ore (g) 19 730 14 869 23 740 22 040 20 715
Philippines
Recovered (b) * 169 900 * 169 000 * 169 000 * 169 000 * 169 000
Recovered (a) * 45 000 * 45 000 * 45 000 * 2 500 * 2 000
Qatar
Recovered (a) * 1 705 200 * 1 713 600 * 1 661 100 * 1 669 500 * 1 648 500
Saudi Arabia
Recovered (a) * 3 800 000 * 3 900 000 * 3 700 000 * 3 900 000 * 3 700 000
Singapore
Recovered (a) * 300 000 * 300 000 * 300 000 * 300 000 * 300 000
Syria
Recovered (a) * 1 500 * 1 500 * 1 500 * 1 500 * 1 500
Taiwan
Recovered 211 219 163 768 173 963 169 698 195 358
Thailand
Recovered (b) * 45 800 * 45 800 * 19 000 *— *—
Recovered (a) * 221 000 * 233 000 * 215 000 * 205 000 * 205 000
Turkmenistan
Recovered (a) * 383 000 * 383 000 * 380 000 * 365 000 * 363 000
United Arab Emirates
Recovered (a) * 2 465 000 * 2 554 000 * 2 467 000 * 2 474 000 * 2 523 000
Uzbekistan
Recovered (b) * 131 000 * 131 000 * 131 000 * 131 000 * 131 000
Recovered (a) * 78 000 * 75 000 * 81 000 * 84 000 * 81 000
Australia
Recovered (b) * 810 000 * 810 000 * 810 000 * 810 000 * 810 000
Recovered (a) * 90 000 * 90 000 * 90 000 * 90 000 * 90 000
New Zealand
Recovered (a) * 35 000 * 35 000 * 35 000 * 35 000 * 35 000
World total
Pyrites 4 800 000 5 500 000 6 300 000 6 300 000 6 200 000
Frasch 600 000 600 000 700 000 600 000 600 000
Recovered 78 500 000 78 700 000 79 000 000 78 600 000 79 900 000
Sulphur ore 200 000 200 000 200 000 100 000 100 000
68
Production of sulphur and pyrites
Note(s)
(1) In addition to the countries listed Dem. P.R. of Korea may also produce pyrites and may recover sulphur from metal processing;
Ukraine may also produce sulphur.
Austria 122 326 123 040 123 558 127 866 * 128 000
Finland 332 174 345 739 354 819 374 398 329 891
France 350 000 * 370 000 * 370 000 * 350 000 * 350 000
Italy * 165 000 * 165 000 * 165 000 * 170 000 * 170 000
North Macedonia — — 400 319 —
Portugal 11 204 11 699 13 600 10 144 12 901
Russia * 150 000 * 150 000 * 150 000 * 150 000 * 150 000
Slovakia 1 000 700 13 988 43 000 70 000
Spain — — 11 500 15 500 15 000
Turkey
Talc 9 681 8 559 3 882 18 105 * 18 000
Pyrophyllite 172 681 194 665 470 600 * 470 000 * 470 000
United Kingdom 5 430 2 997 3 218 1 640 3 131
Canada 181 000 217 000 217 000 289 000 255 000
Guatemala 3 779 2 733 1 982 2 187 * 2 200
Mexico 20 452 11 392 7 129 8 448 * 8 500
USA 615 000 578 000 610 000 * 650 000 * 630 000
69
Production of talc tonnes (metric)
Pakistan (a) 116 223 125 985 152 279 141 504 167 148
Saudi Arabia
Pyrophyllite 8 000 42 000 44 000 46 000 * 46 000
Taiwan 162 250 — 17 6
Thailand
Talc 6 768 6 886 7 436 7 756 8 064
Pyrophyllite 45 500 63 500 54 000 50 920 6 500
Australia * 80 000 * 111 000 * 119 000 * 153 000 * 167 000
World total 7 200 000 7 300 000 7 700 000 7 500 000 7 500 000
Note(s)
(1) In addition to the countries listed, pyrophyllite may be produced in Vietnam.
70
Production of tantalum and niobium minerals tonnes (metric)
Russia
Nb content 628 628 648 669 659
Ta content 32 49 45 44 32
Spain
Ta content — — — — 14
Burundi
Columbite-tantalite 53 32 74 * 75 * 75
Congo, Democratic Republic
Columbite-tantalite 2 102 2 414 1 996 2 267 1 131
Ethiopia
Tantalite (a) 59 63 65 * 70 * 40
Mozambique
Tantalite 62 606 91 661 126 592 146 435 131 557
Columbite-tantalite 13 19 18 * 18 * 18
Nigeria
Tantalite * 60 28 19 0 1
Columbite * 22 264 1 222 1 814 1 721
Rwanda
Columbite-tantalite (b) (c) 2 086 1 485 1 327 1 861 1 519
Uganda
Columbite-tantalite — 13 11 7 7
Canada
Pyrochlore * 11 600 * 11 600 * 11 600 * 11 600 * 11 600
Nb content 5 753 6 099 6 981 * 7 000 * 7 000
Bolivia
Tantalite 1 — 9 59 * 40
Brazil
Pyrochlore 152 709 132 275 153 169 * 150 000 * 150 000
Columbite-tantalite 21 975 10 518 12 455 * 12 500 * 12 500
China
Columbite-tantalite * 250 * 260 * 300 * 360 * 400
Malaysia
Struverite 86 77 61 274 * 270
Australia
Tantalite 250 38 74 117 117
World total concentrates (d) 232 000 240 000 297 000 315 000 298 000
Nb content 67 000 59 000 57 000 58 000 57 000
Ta content 14 000 20 000 26 000 31 000 27 000
Note(s)
(1) Niobium and tantalum minerals are also believed to be produced in Namibia and South Africa.
(2) The figures in this table refer to gross tonnage of tantalum and niobium concentrates, except where noted.
(3) Tantalum is also recovered from tin slags and this is believed to have accounted for approximately 20% of raw material supplied.
71
Production of refined tellurium tonnes (metric)
Bulgaria 4 4 5 4 3
Russia 34 40 44 46 50
Sweden 33 39 35 45 41
Canada 9 18 17 * 17 * 15
Note(s)
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Germany and Belgium are believed to produce refined tellurium.
World total 316 000 316 000 338 000 324 000 305 000
Note(s)
(a) Years ended 31 March following that stated
(b) Years ended 30 June of that stated
(c) Exports
(d) Recoverable
(e) Estimate based on reported exports
72
Smelter production of tin tonnes (metric)
Rwanda — — — — * 300
China 167 204 182 498 178 400 177 407 182 772
India (b) 17 — 14 7 —
Indonesia * 67 400 * 66 900 78 070 83 015 76 389
Japan 1 688 1 620 1 624 1 647 1 547
Malaysia 30 209 26 802 27 172 27 085 25 752
Taiwan * 2 700 * 2 800 * 2 800 * 2 800 * 3 800
Thailand 10 502 11 088 10 601 10 880 9 597
Vietnam 5 500 * 5 500 * 5 500 * 5 500 * 5 500
Australia 22 41 21 82 82
World total 348 000 362 000 369 000 373 000 371 000
Note(s)
(1) Figures relate to both primary and secondary metal.
(2) In addition to the countries listed, many countries produce small amounts of secondary metal.
Norway
Ilmenite 630 323 * 630 000 * 630 000 * 630 000 * 630 000
Russia
Ilmenite 193 236 60 000 — — —
Ukraine
Ilmenite * 500 000 * 500 000 * 500 000 745 417 923 592
Rutile * 90 000 * 90 000 * 90 000 106 858 * 94 000
Kenya
Ilmenite 444 999 359 885 491 000 463 000 352 000
Rutile 78 947 69 975 87 167 98 132 85 796
Madagascar
Ilmenite 166 290 267 962 430 479 381 924 461 800
Rutile * 4 800 * 4 800 * 5 000 * 5 000 * 5 000
Mozambique
Ilmenite 763 500 903 300 998 200 958 500 892 900
Rutile 6 000 7 800 9 100 8 200 8 300
Senegal
Ilmenite 427 690 416 249 492 441 506 938 491 602
Leucoxene (a) 5 311 9 664 9 975 9 605 10 130
Sierra Leone
Ilmenite 48 420 28 102 57 040 49 510 63 350
Rutile 126 021 148 541 165 470 108 320 136 790
South Africa
Ilmenite (b) * 1 280 000 * 1 020 000 * 550 000 765 000 * 820 000
Rutile * 67 000 * 67 000 * 95 000 * 103 000 * 110 000
73
Production of titanium minerals tonnes (metric)
Canada
Ilmenite (b) (d) * 1 900 000 * 1 800 000 * 2 300 000 * 2 000 000 * 2 100 000
USA 300 000 100 000 100 000 100 000 * 100 000
Brazil
Ilmenite (c) 80 975 66 500 50 000 66 000 70 000
China
Ilmenite 3 910 000 3 800 000 3 830 000 4 200 000 * 4 200 000
India
Ilmenite (e) 626 135 594 978 284 667 265 931 * 265 000
Rutile (e) 16 723 14 898 11 829 11 045 * 11 000
Kazakhstan * 17 000 * 17 000 * 17 000 * 17 000 * 17 000
Korea (Rep. of)
Ilmenite 204 082 166 900 223 039 213 184 295 987
Malaysia
Ilmenite 5 814 4 316 6 363 14 158 2 334
Rutile 198 3 810 5 266 5 070 5 947
Sri Lanka
Ilmenite 39 439 26 159 53 734 60 847 43 779
Rutile 1 808 2 237 2 174 2 174 1 959
Thailand
Ilmenite — — 8 41 5 095
Vietnam
Ilmenite 237 700 210 800 225 300 235 126 271 097
Australia
Ilmenite (f) 1 146 935 765 399 693 763 569 472 586 554
Rutile (f) 294 600 284 772 227 462 209 762 154 507
Leucoxene (f) 246 000 73 380 57 148 69 183 46 743
World total
Ilmenite (wt of concs) 12 900 000 11 700 000 11 900 000 12 200 000 12 000 000
Rutile (wt of concs) 700 000 700 000 700 000 600 000 600 000
All forms (TiO2 content) 7 100 000 6 300 000 6 300 000 6 500 000 6 300 000
Note(s)
(1) The figures in this table refer to gross tonnage of titanium concentrates.
(2) Some ilmenite is converted to synthetic rutile in Australia, India, Japan and USA.
74
Mine production of tungsten tonnes (metal content)
Canada 2 114 — — *— *—
Mexico — — — 45 * 50
Note(s)
(1) In addition to the countries listed, the USA is known to produce tungsten.
75
Mine production of uranium tonnes (metal content)
Brazil 40 44 — — —
Note(s)
(1) Excluding uranium production from decommissioning operations.
USA — — — — * 470
Note(s)
(1) This table includes vanadium in slag products but excludes vanadium recovered as a by-product of the refining and burning of heavy
oils.
76
Production of vermiculite tonnes (metric)
Egypt 8 190 *— *— *— *—
Kenya 410 410 * 400 * 400 * 400
South Africa 138 290 166 483 166 084 141 346 158 013
Uganda 801 3 295 4 119 10 413 9 674
Zimbabwe (a) 30 868 29 020 23 302 33 161 * 30 000
Argentina 90 60 — — *—
Brazil 70 000 55 000 55 000 50 000 * 60 000
Note(s)
(a) Sold or used by producers
(b) Years ended 31 March following that stated
China * 1 100 000 * 880 000 * 840 000 * 890 000 * 890 000
India (a) 175 348 166 186 153 049 184 063 129 002
Note(s)
(1) In addition to the countries listed, Canada also produces wollastonite (since 2014).
77
Mine production of zinc tonnes (metal content)
Canada 289 584 301 210 346 776 304 964 323 019
Cuba — — — * 39 000 * 58 000
Dominican Republic 4 655 3 636 3 920 4 038 5 527
Guatemala 14 810 14 975 6 100 — —
Honduras 24 988 14 579 20 436 28 421 29 223
Mexico 786 774 661 646 671 444 662 355 676 677
USA 824 700 804 800 773 800 824 000 * 753 000
Australia 1 610 004 884 826 852 164 1 146 781 1 337 321
World total 13 400 000 12 600 000 11 900 000 12 200 000 12 300 000
Note(s)
(a) Years ended 31 March following that stated
(b) Years ended 30 June of that stated
78
Production of slab zinc tonnes (metric)
Belgium (a) 260 000 236 000 249 000 275 000 271 200
Bulgaria 75 095 75 811 73 715 75 150 73 512
Finland 305 717 290 599 284 992 295 029 290 844
France 169 000 149 000 166 000 155 000 150 000
Germany 173 000 168 000 174 000 180 000 182 000
Italy 140 200 139 500 128 800 131 600 132 900
Netherlands 291 000 283 000 248 000 268 000 * 240 000
Norway 162 878 170 541 172 086 190 570 195 374
Poland 161 500 161 200 162 247 159 739 159 436
Russia 229 600 247 300 256 700 254 600 206 700
Spain 498 000 500 000 507 000 511 000 511 000
Ukraine 700 100 — — —
Canada 683 118 691 389 598 438 620 202 653 194
Mexico 326 642 321 159 327 003 336 378 388 588
USA 172 300 126 000 132 000 116 000 * 115 000
Argentina 30 300 — — — —
Brazil 270 715 284 457 245 200 251 000 241 900
Peru 335 422 341 518 312 339 333 677 356 925
China 6 115 928 6 195 962 6 143 900 5 607 103 6 236 423
India (a) 758 944 672 010 791 461 696 283 563 254
Iran 138 000 135 000 140 000 130 000 144 000
Japan 566 619 533 689 523 919 521 110 526 717
Kazakhstan 323 848 325 820 331 018 317 965 318 387
Korea (Rep. of) 940 195 1 009 116 961 904 988 649 950 000
Korea, Dem. P.R. of * 15 000 * 15 000 * 15 000 * 15 000 * 15 000
Thailand 74 121 72 813 30 018 — —
Uzbekistan 55 000 68 000 70 000 59 000 92 000
Vietnam 10 500 10 800 10 900 * 10 000 * 10 000
Australia 489 030 464 176 462 095 489 967 435 977
World total 13 900 000 13 800 000 13 600 000 13 100 000 13 500 000
Note(s)
(a) Years ended 31 March following that stated
79
Production of zirconium minerals tonnes (metric)
Australia (e) 607 836 620 136 583 339 414 672 472 009
World total 1 352 000 1 425 000 1 399 000 1 221 000 1 337 000
Note(s)
(1) In this table the term 'zirconium minerals' is understood to mean zircon, unless otherwise stated.
80
APPENDIX 1
81
Production of primary aggregates (sand and gravel and crushed rock) tonnes (metric)
Austria
Sand and gravel (a) 29 469 566 29 347 490 29 658 112 29 110 797 29 943 517
Crushed rock (a) 24 744 662 24 862 807 25 451 296 27 684 134 * 27 000 000
Belgium
Sand and gravel * 19 000 000 * 20 000 000 * 19 000 000 * 15 500 000 * 15 500 000
Crushed rock * 45 000 000 * 46 000 000 * 46 000 000 * 45 000 000 * 45 000 000
Bulgaria
Sand and gravel (a) 9 607 887 8 571 694 9 860 186 8 610 204 8 189 735
Crushed rock (a) 27 515 503 19 379 125 16 444 761 21 468 893 22 769 369
Croatia
Sand and gravel 3 544 899 3 444 036 3 766 684 3 646 945 4 105 831
Cyprus
Crushed rock 3 941 378 5 482 913 7 034 430 7 978 133 8 422 664
Czech Republic
Sand and gravel 19 546 000 18 338 000 19 848 000 20 473 000 19 982 000
Crushed rock 40 260 000 37 793 000 38 262 000 41 648 000 42 225 000
Denmark
Sand and gravel 45 215 000 47 058 000 49 323 000 48 950 000 47 770 000
Crushed rock 233 000 232 000 283 000 537 000 * 540 000
Estonia
Sand and gravel 7 035 400 7 269 100 6 733 400 6 467 500 7 746 800
Crushed rock 5 366 300 6 224 000 7 704 100 6 148 300 5 771 800
Finland
Sand and gravel * 32 000 000 * 35 000 000 * 28 200 000 * 24 500 000 * 25 000 000
Crushed rock * 44 000 000 * 43 000 000 * 48 700 000 * 51 100 000 * 52 000 000
France
Sand and gravel 117 875 000 120 382 000 123 865 000 126 365 000 * 126 500 000
Crushed rock 184 423 000 183 960 000 187 233 000 195 998 000 * 195 500 000
Germany
Sand and gravel 239 000 000 247 000 000 257 000 000 259 000 000 255 000 000
Crushed rock 210 000 000 218 000 000 220 000 000 226 000 000 217 000 000
Greece 35 603 020 42 051 690 38 339 770 34 439 069 * 34 000 000
Hungary
Sand and gravel 33 664 690 29 829 848 37 984 379 46 866 306 * 47 000 000
Crushed rock 10 213 538 9 002 304 9 097 923 11 404 086 * 11 500 000
Iceland
Sand and gravel * 291 000 * 291 000 * 291 000 * 291 000 * 291 000
Ireland, Republic of
Sand and gravel * 7 000 000 * 7 000 000 * 7 000 000 * 7 000 000 * 7 000 000
Crushed rock * 22 000 000 * 23 000 000 * 23 000 000 * 23 000 000 * 23 000 000
Italy
Sand and gravel 46 552 088 59 911 685 63 627 458 69 575 607 32 060 000
Crushed rock 56 923 130 54 850 309 57 663 627 34 169 132 * 32 060 463
Latvia
Sand and gravel 9 716 013 9 181 594 11 417 545 13 668 753 12 951 427
Crushed rock 1 461 820 1 547 520 2 069 297 2 101 489 * 2 100 000
Lithuania
Sand and gravel 7 751 342 8 227 013 9 805 230 9 992 563 11 675 361
Crushed rock 4 567 866 4 365 787 6 392 084 7 340 099 7 517 080
Malta
Crushed rock 1 514 976 1 551 411 (b) 1 426 820 (b) 1 682 385 (b) 1 739 310
Montenegro
Sand and gravel 258 120 178 906 173 670 159 528 156 612
Crushed rock 124 141 184 976 212 697 166 550 * 160 000
Netherlands
Sand and gravel 61 900 000 55 900 000 43 600 000 64 800 000 * 65 000 000
Norway
Sand and gravel 13 000 000 14 959 000 14 696 000 13 478 000 13 863 000
Crushed rock 61 000 000 70 043 000 75 845 000 80 301 000 84 412 000
Poland
Sand and gravel 167 928 000 173 175 000 186 296 000 197 005 000 182 811 000
Crushed rock 60 665 300 59 448 000 67 617 000 80 161 000 81 562 000
Portugal
Sand and gravel 6 638 053 5 753 545 6 526 376 7 068 638 8 397 126
Crushed rock 25 339 949 25 939 048 28 789 458 30 620 462 31 715 050
Romania
Sand and gravel 69 894 594 * 53 500 000 * 55 000 000 * 59 000 000 * 60 000 000
Crushed rock 40 091 390 * 34 000 000 * 31 000 000 * 28 000 000 * 28 000 000
82
Production of primary aggregates (sand and gravel and crushed rock) tonnes (metric)
Slovakia
Sand and gravel 1 199 550 1 306 800 1 743 489 2 096 000 1 982 000
Crushed rock 14 274 900 12 833 100 13 518 792 12 790 000 11 551 000
Slovenia
Sand and gravel 2 943 870 1 833 732 2 047 403 1 810 666 1 437 101
Crushed rock 8 108 113 7 470 433 8 642 881 10 282 002 9 550 639
Spain
Sand and gravel 34 000 000 31 000 000 37 000 000 42 600 000 44 000 000
Crushed rock 70 400 000 100 000 000 68 000 000 70 000 000 74 000 000
Sweden
Sand and gravel 13 038 828 11 927 694 11 774 505 12 187 744 * 12 300 000
Crushed rock 75 271 803 75 720 385 84 467 197 91 730 406 * 92 800 000
Switzerland
Sand and gravel * 35 470 000 * 36 630 000 * 35 750 000 * 34 910 000 * 34 610 000
Crushed rock 2 463 037 2 324 800 2 194 123 2 410 000 2 380 000
United Kingdom
Sand and gravel 66 443 000 68 075 000 67 548 000 69 882 000 66 800 000
Crushed rock (c) 119 401 000 125 301 000 125 739 000 129 998 000 128 200 000
European total 2 295 000 000 2 340 000 000 2 381 000 000 2 469 000 000 2 435 000 000
Note(s)
(1) So far as possible, these production statistics include construction sand; gravel, pebbles, shingle and flint; crushed stone used for
concrete aggregates, roadstone and other construction uses; granules, chippings and powders.
(2) Where official sources show more than one series for aggregates the higher series has generally been used in this table.
(3) Where marine sands and gravels have been identified, these are included.
(4) Information may be incomplete or absent due to reporting methods, confidentiality or lack of available information.
(5) Production from many small operations are not officially compiled. The minimum number of employees for which establishments are
required to report production varies between different countries and can also vary from year to year.
(6) Quantities of sand from sand and gravel operations may be discarded due to low demand. This may or may not be included in the
statistics.
(a) Sales
(b) Estimated by official source based on a previous year census and the rate of change observed from a sample of quarries in
subsequent years
(c) Includes small quantities for other purposes in Northern Ireland
83
Production of cement clinker tonnes (metric)
Austria * 125 000 * 125 000 * 125 000 * 125 000 * 125 000
Belgium * 900 000 * 850 000 800 584 809 079 * 810 000
Bulgaria 44 500 61 100 79 800 * 80 000 * 80 000
Cyprus 1 729 877 1 801 647 1 815 568 1 671 205 1 643 193
Czech Republic 2 919 190 3 188 086 3 236 047 3 514 288 3 722 188
Estonia 356 000 328 900 517 900 505 300 503 600
France 12 513 000 12 528 000 12 357 000 12 845 000 * 12 000 000
Germany 23 355 000 23 423 000 * 23 000 000 22 835 000 22 923 753
Greece * 6 000 000 5 891 157 7 088 107 6 576 608 6 570 602
Hungary 376 309 * 400 000 * 400 000 * 400 000 * 400 000
Italy 14 429 977 13 677 374 18 164 817 13 354 776 14 855 163
Latvia * 1 500 000 * 1 500 000 * 1 500 000 * 1 500 000 * 1 500 000
Luxembourg * 700 000 * 700 000 * 700 000 * 700 000 * 700 000
Norway 1 284 156 1 306 292 1 461 477 1 429 400 1 407 000
Poland 11 278 400 12 075 300 12 996 500 14 221 000 14 178 000
Portugal 5 626 409 4 412 793 4 854 448 4 294 389 4 288 798
Romania 6 203 413 5 932 979 6 189 799 6 586 702 7 208 688
Serbia 1 218 213 1 311 629 * 1 300 000 * 1 300 000 * 1 300 000
Slovakia * 1 700 000 * 1 700 000 * 1 800 000 * 1 900 000 * 2 000 000
Spain 16 985 662 17 341 318 17 304 352 18 266 325 17 226 700
Sweden 2 825 883 2 847 000 2 768 000 2 957 600 2 539 000
Turkey 61 971 380 67 856 234 70 812 559 70 343 788 57 799 787
United Kingdom 7 804 000 8 056 000 7 824 000 7 734 000 7 830 000
European total 182 000 000 187 000 000 197 000 000 194 000 000 182 000 000
84
Production of finished cement tonnes (metric)
Austria (a) 4 176 063 4 501 008 4 660 187 5 227 834 4 520 074
Belgium 6 275 000 6 255 000 6 491 000 6 643 000 * 6 600 000
Bulgaria (a) (b) 2 040 853 1 951 286 2 064 792 2 208 116 2 371 458
Croatia 4 498 264 4 325 467 5 134 160 5 144 991 5 107 790
Cyprus 788 168 1 018 537 1 319 351 1 357 991 1 537 017
Czech Republic 3 781 000 3 937 000 4 033 854 4 427 713 4 569 379
Denmark 2 027 843 2 259 902 2 359 131 2 372 246 2 440 600
Estonia (a) 395 000 398 800 502 900 526 900 411 300
Finland (a) 1 188 387 1 335 248 1 510 974 1 462 240 1 430 226
France 15 597 000 15 934 000 16 851 000 16 537 000 * 16 000 000
Germany 31 160 000 32 674 000 33 991 150 33 654 985 34 185 000
Greece 5 291 113 6 680 078 6 334 960 6 676 881 * 6 300 000
Hungary * 1 277 000 * 1 000 000 * 1 000 000 * 1 000 000 * 1 000 000
Ireland, Republic of 2 911 000 * 2 100 000 * 2 100 000 * 2 100 000 * 1 700 000
Italy 20 013 662 19 992 976 25 328 555 18 644 359 19 481 760
Latvia 1 018 000 * 1 000 000 * 1 000 000 * 1 000 000 * 1 000 000
Lithuania 979 565 1 009 936 1 023 437 1 150 635 1 222 934
Luxembourg 1 033 000 * 1 000 000 * 1 000 000 * 1 000 000 * 1 000 000
Netherlands 1 839 000 * 1 970 000 * 2 070 000 * 2 236 000 * 2 303 000
North Macedonia 671 542 855 295 900 836 920 810 896 030
Norway 1 647 566 1 745 614 1 924 388 1 856 800 1 780 000
Poland 15 265 200 15 782 400 17 254 400 18 957 000 18 946 000
Portugal (a) 5 050 802 4 100 010 3 792 733 3 963 088 4 137 461
Romania 8 356 162 8 037 717 8 441 574 8 951 154 9 932 359
Serbia 1 654 390 (b) 1 774 404 1 907 689 2 092 501 2 151 000
Slovakia 3 465 597 3 518 456 3 781 889 3 912 674 4 030 506
Slovenia 544 000 * 700 000 * 700 000 * 700 000 * 700 000
Spain 14 322 672 14 286 013 15 548 943 16 214 663 16 998 100
Sweden 2 766 983 2 795 000 3 067 400 3 152 300 2 844 000
Switzerland (c) 4 219 466 4 397 180 4 272 316 4 289 000 4 210 000
Turkey 71 418 945 75 403 325 80 552 257 71 830 736 56 528 236
United Kingdom 9 235 000 9 370 000 9 359 000 9 197 000 9 079 000
European total 245 000 000 252 000 000 270 000 000 259 000 000 245 000 000
Note(s)
(a) Sales
(b) Portland cement only
(c) Includes production in Liechtenstein
85
APPENDIX 2
Further acknowledgments
86
Further Acknowledgments
In addition to the acknowledgments section on page iv, Steel Company; QKR Corporation; Rainbow Rare Earths
supplementary information is also obtained from Limited; Resolute Mining; Rio Tinto Ltd; Ronphos
publications dealing with a wide range of commodities Corporation; Roxgold Inc; Robex Resources; Rossing
such as African Development Bank Group, African Uranium; RUSAL; RW Silicium GmbH; Salinen Austria
Statistical Yearbook; BP PLC, BP Statistical Review of AG; Semafo Inc; Serbia Zijin Bor Copper DOO; Scheelite
World total Energy; Austrian Federal Ministry of Science, Minerals; Sherritt International Corporation; SMZ
Research and Economy, World total Mining Data; Société Company; Solway Investment Group Ltd; South32;
de l'Industrie Minérale, Annuaire Statistique Mondial des Southern Copper Corporation; Swakop Uranium; Syrah
Minerais et Métaux; publications of the Interstate Resources Ltd; Tahoe Resources; Talco; Talum Group;
Statistical Committee of the CIS and World total Bureau of Tasmania Mines Ltd; Teranga Gold Corporation; Thailand
Metal Statistics, World total Metal Statistics and Smelting and Refining Co., Ltd (THAISARCO); TiZir Ltd;
Metallstatistik. Treibacher Industrie AG; Trevali Mining Corporation;
United States Antimony Corporation; Uralkali; Vale;
Information has been obtained from the websites of the Vargon Alloys AB; Vedanta Resources; Verband der Kali -
following international organisations: ALACERO; La und Salzindustrie EV; Weatherly International Plc; Wolf
Banque des Etats de l’Afrique Centrale (BEAC); Minerals Ltd; Wolfram Bergbau und Hütten AG;
CEMBUREAU The European Cement Association; Zavalievsky Graphite Ltd; Zijinming.
Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI);
European Aggregates Association (UEPG); Eurostat; Information has also been obtained from the following
Federacciai; International Tin Association Ltd; Kimberley organisations either by direct correspondence or by
Process; South East Asia Iron and Steel Institute website consultation: Ministry of Mines and Petroleum,
(SEAISI); The European Steel Association (EUROFER); Afghanistan; National Statistics and Information Authority,
The Silver Institute; United Nations agencies; United Afghanistan; National Agency of Natural Resource,
States Energy Information Administration; United States Albania; Albanian Geological Survey, Albania; Institute of
Geological Survey; World total Nuclear Association; World Statistics, Albania; Ministere de l’Energie et des Mines,
total Steel Association. Algeria; Office National des Statistiques, Algeria; INDEC,
Argentina; Instituto Argintino del Petroleo y del Gas,
In addition, information has been obtained from the Argentina; Statistical Committee of the Republic of
websites of the following companies: ALRO S.A; Aluar; Armenia; Department of Natural Resources and Mines
Alumina Ltd; Aluminium Bahrain; Anglo Asian Mining Plc; (Queensland), Australia; Mineral Resources Tasmania,
AngloGold Ashanti; Arab Potash Company; ARMZ Australia; Primary Industries and Resources SA (South
Uranium Holding Co; Ascendant Resources Inc; Asian Australia), Australia; Department of Primary Industries
Mineral Resources Ltd; Aura Minerals Inc; Avesoro (Victoria), Australia; Department of Mines and Energy
Resources Inc; AzerGold; B2Gold; Barrick Gold (Northern Territories), Australia; Mineral Resources
Corporation; BEB Erdgas und Erdöl GmbH & Co; Besra Tasmania, Australia; Department of Mines Industry
Gold Inc; BHP Group; Bikita Minerals; Boliden Group; Regulation and Safety (Western Australia); NSW
Cámara Argentina del Acero; Camimex; Canadian Clay Department of Primary Industries (New South Wales),
Products Inc; Cancero; Centamin Plc; Centerra Gold Inc; Australia; Office of chief economist, Australia; Statistik
Chaarat Gold Holding; CI Resources Ltd; Conic Metals Austria; Federal Ministry of Science, Research and
Corp; Dominion Salt; Dundee Precious Metals Inc; Elem; Economy, Austria; The State Statistical Committee of the
Endeavour Mining; Endiama EP; Eramet Group; ETI Republic of Azerbaijan.
Aluminyum Inc; EVRAZ Plc; Faboula; Fenix Metals Ltd;
First Quantum Mineral Ltd; Galaxy Resources; Galane Department of Statistics, Bahamas; National Oil and Gas
Gold; Gemfields Ltd; Glencore International AG; Authority, Bahrain; British Embassy, Bahrain; Bangladesh
Grafitbergbau Kaisersberg GmbH; Gravita India Ltd; Bureau of Statistics; The Central Bank of Barbados;
Grecian Magnesite SA; HeidelbergCement AG; Highlands National Statistical Committee Belarus; Belgian Steel
Pacific Ltd; Hudson Resources Inc; Hummingbird Federation, Belgium; Federation de l'Industrie Cimentiere
Resources; IAMGold Corporation; Inception Mining Inc; Belge, Belgium; National Statistics Bureau, Bhutan;
Israel Chemicals Company; IRC Company Limited; Ministerio de mineria y metalurgia, Bolivia; Agency for
Johnson Matthey; KAZ Minerals Plc; Kenmare Resources Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina; Department of
Plc; LARCO; Largo Resources Ltd; Lundin Mining Mines, Botswana; Bank of Botswana; Associacao
Corporation; Lynas Corporation Ltd; Ma'aden Saudi Brasileira do Aluminio, Brazil; Ferbasa, Brazil; MME,
Arabian Mining Company; Malaysia Smelting Corporation; Brazil; Agencia Nacional do Petroleo, Gas Natural e
Managem Group; Mandalay Resources Ltd; Masan Biocombustiveis, Brazil’ Agencia Nacional de Mineracao,
Resources Corporation; Maya Gold & Silver Inc; Brazil; Ministry of Mines and Energy, Brazil; Energy
MedcoEnergi; Minera Alumbrera; MMG Limited; National Department, Prime Ministers Office, Brunei; Ministry of
Aluminium Company Ltd; Nedmag B.V.; Nemaska Lithium Energy, Bulgaria; Bulgarian Association of Metal
Inc; Nevsun Resources Ltd; Newcrest Mining Ltd; Industries, Bulgaria; Chambre des Mines du Burkina,
Newmont Mining Corporation; Nexa Resources S.A; Burkina Faso; Institut National de la Statistique et de la
Nickel Asia Corporation; Nordgold; Norilsk Nickel; Norsk Démographie, Burkina Faso; Le Bureau des Mines et de
Hydro ASA; Northern Minerals; Nyrstar; OCP Group; OFZ la Géologie du Burkina, Burkina Faso; Central Statistical
Inc; OM Holdings Ltd; Orocobre Ltd; Orosur mining Inc; Organization, Burma; Institut de Statistiques et d’Etudes
Orvana Minerals Corp; Outokumpu; Paladin Energy Ltd; Economiques du Burundi.
Pan American; PanAust Ltd; PEMEX Petróleos
Mexicanos; Peñoles; PhosAgro; Polymetal International Société Nationale des Hydrocarbures, Cameroon; la
PLC; PT Antam TbK; PT Indonesia Asahan Aluminium; PT Banque des Etats de l’Afrique Centrale, Cameroon;
Merdeka Copper Gold Tbk, Indonesia; Qatalum; Qatar Natural Resources Canada; Canadian Association of
87
Petroleum Producers, Canada; Statistics Canada; The Madagascar Chamber of Mines; Banque Centrale de
Chilean Copper Commission, Chile; Servicio Nacional de Madagascar; Ministry of Finance, Economic Planning and
Geologia y Mineria, Chile; National Bureau of Statistics of Development, Malawi; Mineral and Geoscience
China; China Gold Association, China; China Non-Ferrous Department, Malaysia; Bank Negara Malaysia; Malaysia
Metals Industry Association; Agencia Nacional de Mineria, Smelting Corporation Berhad; Africa Fertilizer Org, Mali;
Columbia; Ministry of Mines and Energy, Columbia; Direction Nationale de la Géologie et des Mines (DNGM).
Banque Centrale du Congo, Congo, Democratic Republic; Mali; Institute National de la Statistique (INSTAT), Mali;
Direccion de Geologia y Minas, Costa Rica; Croatian Ministère des Mines, Mali; National Statistics Office, Malta;
Bureau of Statistics, Croatia; Ministry of Economy, Banque Centrale de Mauritanie, Mauritania; Office
Entrepreneurship and Crafts, Croatia; Oficina Nacional de National de la Statistique, Mauritania; Statistics Mauritius;
Estadisticas e Informacion, Cuba; Ministry of Agriculture Instituto Nacional de Estadistica y Geografia, Mexico;
Natural Resources and Environment, Cyprus; Czech Mexican Geological Survey, Mexico; United States
Cement Association, Czech Republic; Czech Geological Antimony Corporation, Mexico; Minera Autlan, Mexico;
Survey, Czech Republic; Steel Union, Czech Republic. National Statistics Office, Mongolia; Statistical Office of
Montenegro; Ministère de l'Energie, des Mines et de
Danish Energy Agency, Denmark; Statistics Denmark; l'Environnement, Morocco; National Office of
Direccion General de Mineria, Dominican Republic; Hydrocarbons and Mines, Morocco; Morocco Statistics;
Autoridade Nacional do Petróleo e Minerais, East Timor; Instituto Nacional de Estatistica, Mozambique; Bank of
Agencia de Regulacion y Control Minero, Ecuador; Central Namibia; Geological Survey of Namibia; Chamber of
Agency for Public Mobilisation and Statistics, Egypt; Mines, Namibia; Ministry of Industry, Department of Mines
Dirección Reguladora de Hidrocarburos y Minas,Ministerio & Geology, Nepal; Central Statistics Bureau, Nepal;
de Economía, El Salvador; Reserve Bank of Fiji; Statistics Statistics Netherlands; Nlog, Netherlands; Direction de
Estonia; Fiji Bureau of Statistics; Geological Survey of l'Industrie, des Mines et de l'Energie, New Caledonia;
Finland; Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières, Institut Territorial de la Statistique et des Etudes
France; Federation Francaise de l'Acier, France; Economiques, New Caledonia; Ministry of Business,
Infociments, France; L’Union nationale des industries de Innovation & Employment, New Zealand; New Zealand
carrières et matériaux de construction, France; National Petroleum & Minerals; New Zealand Aluminium Smelter;
Statistics Office of Georgia; National Agency for Mines, Ministerio de Energia y Minas, Nicaragua; Institut National
Georgia; Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural de la Statistique, Niger; National Bureau of Statistics,
Resources, Germany; Chamber of Mines, Ghana; Bank of Nigeria; State Statistical Office, North Macedonia;
Ghana, Ghana; Ministry of Environment and Energy, Norwegian Petroleum Directorate, Norway; Norwegian
Greece; Greek Institute of Geology and Mineral Directorate of Mining, Norway; Statistics Norway.
Exploration, Greece; Greek Statistical Authority, Greece;
Greek Mining Enterprises Association, Greece; Ministerio National Centre for Statistics & Information, Oman; Central
de Energia y Minas, Guatemala; Direction Nationale de la Bank of Oman; Pakistan Bureau of Statistics; Geological
Statistique, Guinea; Bank of Guyana. Survey of Pakistan; MCC, Pakistan; Instituto Nacional de
Estadística y Censo, Panama; Chamber of Mines and
Mining and Geological Survey of Hungary, Hungary; Petroleum, Papua New Guinea; Ministry of Energy and
Hungarian Central Statistical Office, Hungary; Statistics Mines, Peru; Department of Energy, Philippines; Mines
Iceland; Indian Bureau of Mines, India; Ministry of Mines, and Geoscience Bureau, Philippines; Polish Geological
India; Ministry of Steel, India; Office of the Salt Institute - National Research Institute, Poland; Statistics
Commissioner, India; Ministry of Energy and Mineral Poland; Polish Academy of Science, Poland; Direção
Resources of Indonesia; Statistics Indonesia; Statistical Geral de Energia e Geologia, Portugal; Directorate-
Centre of Iran; Iranian Mines & Mining Industries General for Natural Resources, Safety and Maritime
Development & Renovation Organization, Iran; National Services, Portugal.
Iranian Copper Industries Co, Iran; Sustainable Energy
Authority of Ireland; Department of Communications, National Agency for Mineral Resources, Romania;
Energy and Natural Resources, Ireland; Ministry of Institutul Naţional de Statistică, Romania; Ministry of
National Infrastructure, Energy and Water, Israel; Italian Natural Resources, Russia; Gazprom, Russia; National
National Institute of Statistics, Italy; Ministry of Economical Bank of Rwanda, National Institute of Statistics, Rwanda;
Progress, Italy; National Association of Non-Ferrous General Authority for Statistics, Saudi Arabia; Agence
Metals Industries, Italy. Nationale de la Statistique et de la Démographie, Senegal;
The Collective, Serbia; Statistical Office for the Republic of
Jamaica Bauxite Institute; Mines & Geology Division, Serbia; Bank of Sierra Leone; Geological Survey National
Jamaica; Ministry of Economy Trade and Industry, Japan; Minerals Agency, Sierra Leone; State Geological Institute
Metal Economics Research Institute, Japan; Japan Oil, of Dionýz Štúr, Slovakia; Hutnictvi zeleza, Slovakia;
Gas and Metals National Corporation; Japan Aluminium Geological Survey of Slovenia; Central Bank of the
Association; Sulphuric Acid Association of Japan; Ministry Solomon Islands; Department of Mineral Resources,
of Energy and Mineral Resources, Jordan; Jordan South Africa; Ministry of Mining, South Sudan; Ministry of
Phosphate Mines Company Kazakhstan Statistics Agency, Industry, Energy and Tourism, Spain; Geological and
Kazakhstan; Kenya National Bureau of Statistics; Korea Mining Institute of Spain; Department of Census and
Institute of Geoscience & Mineral Resources, Korea (Rep. Statistics, Sri Lanka; Central Bank of Sri Lanka; Central
of); The Nautilus Institute, Korea (North); Independent Bank of Sudan; Bauxite Institute, Suriname; Staatsolie,
Commission for Mines and Minerals, Kosovo; Arsi Group, Suriname; Mining Division, Geological Survey and Mines
Kosovo; Lao Statistics Bureau; Ministry of Natural Department, Swaziland; Jernkontoret, Sweden; Geological
Resources and Environment, Lao; Central Statistical Survey of Sweden; Swedish Petroleum & Biofuels
Bureau of Latvia; Central Bank of Liberia; Central Bank of Institute, Sweden; Georesources Switzerland Group,
Libya; Libyan Iron and Steel Company, Libya Statistics Switzerland; Cemsuisse, Switzerland.
Lithuania; Statistical Portal Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.
88
Bureau of Mines, Taiwan; Ministry of Economic Affairs, Statistics Bureau, United Kingdom; Department for
Taiwan; National Statistics, Taiwan; Agency on Statistics Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, United
under President of the Republic of Tajikistan; Ministry of Kingdom; Office for National Statistics, United Kingdom;
Industry and New Technologies of the Republic of Oxford Business Group, United Kingdom; Sandisons
Tajikistan; National Bureau of Statistics, Tanzania; Unst, United Kingdom; Ministerio de Industria, Energía y
Department of Primary Industries and Mines, Thailand; Minería, Uruguay; Instituto Nacional de Estadística del
Department of Mineral Fuels, Thailand; Direction Général Uruguay; United States Geological Survey, USA;
des Mines et de la Géologie, Togo; Central bank of Department of Industrial Relations Mining and reclamation
Trinidad & Tobago; Institut National de la Statistique, division, USA; Ministerio del Poder Popular para
Tunisia; Turkish Statistical Institute, General Directorate of Industrias, Venezuela; Asociatión de Industriales
Mining and Petroleum Affairs (MAPEG), Turkey; Turkey; Metalúrgicos y de Minería de Venezuela; Geological
Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, Turkey; Türkiye Survey, Venezuela; General Statistics Office of Vietnam;
Çimento, Turkey. Central Statistics Office, Zambia; Ministry of Mines and
Minerals Development, Zambia; Zambia Chamber of
Uganda Bureau of Statistics; State Statistics Service of Mines; Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency; Ministry of
Ukraine; Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Finance and Economic Development, Zimbabwe; Minerals
Ukraine; EMAL, United Arab Emirates; Iron and Steel Marketing Corporation of Zimbabwe (MMCZ).
89
Price £30