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MTH501 Linear Algebra

Mid Term Examination - November 2004
Time Allowed: 90 Minutes

Instructions
Please read the following instructions carefully before attempting any of the
questions:

1. Attempt all questions. Marks are written adjacent to each question.

2. Do not ask any questions about the contents of this examination from
anyone.
a. If you think that there is something wrong with any of the questions,
attempt it to the best of your understanding.
b. If you believe that some essential piece of information is missing,
make an appropriate assumption and use it to solve the problem.

**WARNING: Please note that Virtual University takes serious note of

unfair means. Anyone found involved in cheating will get an `F` grade in
this course.

Total Marks: 45 Total

Questions: 11

Question No. 1 Marks : 1

Consider the system of Linear equations

x1 + 4 x2 − 5 x3 = 0
2 x1 − x2 + 8 x3 = 9
x1 + x2 − 8 x3 = 2
Then determinant of the Matrix of Coefficients of the above system
is (a) 91
(b) 123
(c) 141
(d) 81
Question No. 2 Marks : 2

12 x+ y 1 −2 x −5y
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
A=⎜ 23 4 ⎜and B = ⎜ 21 1 ⎜
⎜23 x− y⎜ ⎜02 3x ⎜
Consider the matrix ⎜
⎣ ⎜
⎦ ⎜
⎣ ⎜
⎦such that
2020
⎡ ⎤
AB+ = ⎜ 44 5 ⎜
⎜ 2512 ⎜
⎜
⎣ ⎜
⎦Then the values of x and y are
(a) x = - 2 and y = 4
(b) x = 2 and y = - 6
(c) x = 0 and y = 0
(d) x = 2 and y = -4
Question No. 3 Marks : 1

Which statement about the set S is false where S = {(1, 1, 3), (2, 3, 7),(2, 2, 6)}

(a) The set S contain an element which is solution of the equation 5x – y- z =

(b) 0 Set S is linearly independent.
The
(c) The set S contain two elements which are multiple of each
(d) other.
The Set S is linearly dependent.

Question No. 4 Marks : 2

1 5
⎡⎤ 6 ⎡ ⎤
5 = ⎡⎤
T ⎜⎜ T⎜
25⎜=
⎜⎜
3 ⎣⎦⎜⎜
9
⎜
15 ⎜
Consider a linear transformation T such that ⎜⎜
⎣⎦ Then ⎜
⎣ ⎜⎦
9
⎡⎤
(a) ⎜⎜
18
⎣⎦
1
⎡⎤
⎜⎜
0
⎜⎜
5
(b) ⎜⎜
⎣⎦
30
⎡ ⎤
(c) ⎜ ⎜
45
⎣ ⎦
12
⎡⎤
(d) ⎜⎜
9
⎣⎦
 Question No. 5 Marks : 1

How many subspacesR 2 have?

(a) only two: {0} and R 2

(b) Only four: {0} x- axis and y -axis and R 2
(c) Infinitely many.
(d) None of the above.

Question No. 6 Marks : 8

An oil refinery produces low-sulfur and high-sulfur fuel. Each ton of low-sulfur
requires 5 minutes in the blending plant and 4 minutes in the refining plant;
ton of high sulfur fuel requires 4 minutes in the blending plant and 2 minutes
each
the refining plant. If the blending plant is available for 3 hours and the
in
plant is available for 2 hours, how many tons of each type of fuel should
refining
manufactured so that the plants are fully
be
utilized?
Solution:
The data given in the question can be formed into system of linear equations
as
Low-sulfur High-sulfur
Blending plant 5 4
Refining Plant 4 2
As we are given in the question that we have blending plant and refining
plant
available for 3 and 2 hours respectively. Let x tons of low-sulfur and y tons of
high sulfur be the amount should be manufactured so that plants are fully
Then from the above data we must have the
utilized.
system,
5x + 4y = 180
4x + 2y = 120
Augmented matrix for the above
system
5 4 180 1 2 60
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤by R 1 − R 2
⎜4 2 120 ~
⎜ ⎜ 4 2 120 ⎜
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
1 2 60
⎡ ⎤
is ~ ⎜0 − 6 −120 ⎜
⎣ ⎦
So we have x + 2y = 60 and -6y = - 120, thus we have y= 20 tons and x = 20tons
are the required manufactured tons of each low-sulfur and high-sulfur so that
we
can utilize both plants for the given time.
 Question No. 7 Marks : 5

3 1 2
⎡ ⎤
A=⎜ 4 1 1⎜
⎜ 7 0 2⎜
⎜ ⎜
2
Consider the matrix ⎣ ⎦then find the entrya33 of the matrix A without
calculating the matrixA 2.
Solution:

−−−−− − − 2 −−−−− −−−−−

⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
2
−−−−− ⎜⎜
Re quired entry a 33 of A = ⎜ − − 1 ⎜marks :3 = ⎜
−−−−− ⎜= ⎜ −−−−− ⎜
⎜7 0 2⎜⎜− − 2⎜ ⎜14 + 0 + 4⎜ ⎜ 18⎜
⎜
⎣ ⎜⎣
⎦⎜ ⎜
⎦ ⎜
⎣ ⎜ ⎜
⎦ ⎣ ⎜
⎦

Question No. 8 Marks : 8

3 1 2
⎡ ⎤
A=⎜
4 1 1⎜
⎜
7 0 2⎜
Find LU decomposition for the matrix ⎜
⎣ ⎜
⎦.
Solution:
 U L
1 2
⎡
1 ⎤ 3 0 0
⎜ 3 3⎜
1 ⎡ ⎤
⎜
4 1 1 ⎜multiplier ⎜ * * 0⎜
⎜
7 0 2⎜
3
⎜* * * ⎜
⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜
⎜ ⎜ ⎣ ⎦
⎣ ⎦
1 2
⎡
1 ⎤
⎜ 3 3⎜ 3 0 0
⎜ − 1 − 5⎜ − ⎡ ⎤
⎜
0 ⎜R 2 4 R1 , R 3 − 7 R1 ⎜ 4 * 0⎜
3 3
⎜ ⎜ ⎜ 7 * * ⎜
⎜
0 −
7
−
8⎜ ⎜
⎣ ⎜
⎦
⎜ 3 3⎜
⎜
⎣ ⎜
⎦
1 2
⎡
1 ⎤ 3 0 0
⎜ 3 3⎜ ⎡ ⎤
⎜
0 1 5 ⎜multiplier − 3 4 −⎜ 1
0⎜
⎜ ⎜ ⎜
8⎜
3
⎜
7
− ⎜ ⎜7 * * ⎜
0 − ⎜ ⎜
⎜ 3 3⎜ ⎣ ⎦
⎣ ⎦
1 2 ⎡ 0 ⎤
⎡
1 ⎤ ⎜
3 0
⎜
⎜ 3 3 ⎜ 7 ⎜
0⎜
1
⎜
0 1 5⎜R 2 + R 2 4 −
⎜ ⎜
⎜
0 0 9⎜
3
⎜
3
⎜
⎜ ⎜ ⎜ *⎜
7
⎜ ⎜ ⎜
7 −
⎜
⎣ ⎦ 3
⎣ ⎦
1 2 ⎡ 0⎤
⎡
1 ⎤ ⎜
3 0
⎜
⎜ 3 3 ⎜ 1⎜
0⎜
1
⎜
0 1 5 ⎜multiplier − 4 −
⎜ ⎜
⎜
0 0 1⎜
9
⎜
3
⎜
⎜ ⎜ ⎜ 9⎜
7
⎜ ⎜ ⎜
7 −
⎜
⎣ ⎦ 3 .
⎣ ⎦

The required LU factorization is

 ⎡ 0⎤ ⎡
1 2
3
⎜
0
⎜
1 ⎤
⎜ 3 3⎜
L =⎜ 0⎜
1
4 − U =⎜
0 1 5⎜
⎜ ⎜
⎜
3
⎜ ⎜
0 0 1⎜
⎜ ⎜ ⎜
9⎜ ⎜
7
7
⎜
−
⎜ ⎣ ⎜
3 ⎦
⎣ ⎦

Question No. 9 Marks : 8

4 1 1 1
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
v =−⎜9 ⎜ u1 = ⎜2,⎜u2 = ⎜4⎜and u 3 = ⎜ −3⎜
⎜2⎜ ⎜
−1 ⎜ ⎜2⎜ ⎜2⎜
Write ⎜
⎣ ⎦⎜ as linear combination ⎜
⎣ ⎦ ⎜ ⎜
⎣ ⎜
⎦ ⎜
⎣ ⎦⎜. (That is
you have to find
of out the constants such that v =1u1 + c 2u2 + c3u3)
c
Solution:

We will try to find out the constants such that we can v = c 1u1 + c 2u2 + c3u3 and
we get the augmented matrix of the system of linear equations correspond to
write
that
linear combination as
1 1 1 4
⎡ ⎤
⎜2 4 − 3 − 9 ⎜
⎜−1 2 2 2⎜
⎜
⎣ ⎜
⎦And echelon form of that matrix
1 1 1 4
⎡ ⎤
⎜
01 1 2 ⎜⇒ x3 = 3, x2 = −1, x1 = 2
0 0 1 3⎜
⎜
is ⎜
⎣ ⎜
⎦

Question No. 10 Marks :5

x1 10 1 x1
⎡⎤ ⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤
M⎜ x2 ⎜= ⎜01 1 ⎜⎜ x2 ⎜
⎜x3 ⎜ ⎜1 0 1⎜ x3 ⎜
⎜
Show that the M: R3 R 3 defined by ⎜ ⎣⎦ ⎣⎜ ⎜ ⎦⎜
⎜ ⎣⎜ ⎦is a linear
transformation. Also write the였matrix of that linear transformation.
mapping

Solution:

We will prove that the mapping satisfies the

(i) M( u + v) = M( u) + M( v)
conditions, (ii) M(c u)
 ad+ 10 1 ad+ 10 1 a d
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎧
⎤⎡⎤ ⎡⎤ ⎫
M⎜ be+ ⎜= ⎜ 01 1 ⎜⎜be+ ⎜= ⎜ 01 1 ⎜b + ⎜
⎜⎜⎜ e⎜ ⎜
⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎨
⎜⎜⎜ ⎜ ⎜⎬
c+ f 1 0 1 c+ f 1 0 1 ⎜c f ⎜
(i) ⎜
⎣ ⎜ ⎣
⎦ ⎜ ⎜⎣
⎦⎜ ⎜ ⎣
⎦ ⎜ ⎜⎜⎜
⎦⎣⎦
⎩ ⎜⎦
⎣ ⎜⎭Now as we know that
matrices are distributed over addition that is if A, B and C are matrices then A (B + C) =
AB + BC, so we can write,
ad+ 10 1 a d 10 1 a 10 1 d
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎧
⎤⎡⎤ ⎡⎤ ⎫ ⎡ ⎤⎡⎤ ⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤
M⎜ be+ ⎜= ⎜ 01 1 ⎜b + ⎜
⎜⎜⎜ e⎜ ⎜= ⎜01 1 ⎜⎜⎜b +⎜ 01 1 ⎜⎜e⎜
⎜ ⎨ ⎬
c+ f ⎜ ⎜ 1 0 1⎜⎜⎜ ⎜c ⎜f ⎜
⎜⎜ ⎜
⎜ ⎜ 1 0 1⎜⎜⎜ c ⎜ 1 0 1⎜⎜f ⎜
⎜
⎣ ⎜
⎦ ⎣ ⎜ ⎜⎜⎜
⎦⎣⎦
⎩ ⎣⎦ ⎭ ⎣ ⎜ ⎜⎜
⎦⎣⎦ ⎣ ⎜ ⎜⎜
⎦⎣⎜ ⎦also by
a 10 1 a d 10 1 d
⎡⎤ ⎡ ⎤⎡⎤ ⎡⎤ ⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤
M ⎜⎜b =⎜ 01 1 ⎜⎜⎜
b and M ⎜ e ⎜= ⎜01 1 ⎜⎜e⎜
⎜⎜c ⎜1 0 1⎜⎜⎜ c ⎜f ⎜ ⎜ 1 0 1⎜⎜f ⎜
definition we have ⎜⎜ ⎣⎦ ⎣ ⎜ ⎜⎜⎜
⎦⎣⎦ ⎜ ⎜
⎣⎦ ⎣ ⎜ ⎦⎜
⎜⎣⎜ ⎦. Hence we
have,
ad+ a d
⎡ ⎤ ⎡⎤ ⎡ ⎤
M⎜ be+ ⎜= Mb⎜⎜ Me+ ⎜ ⎜
⎜
c+ f⎜ ⎜⎜
c ⎜f ⎜
⎜
⎣ ⎜
⎦ ⎜⎜
⎣⎦ ⎣ ⎜⎜ ⎦.
cd 10 1 cd 10 1 d 10 1 cd
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤⎧ ⎡ ⎤ ⎫ ⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤
M⎜ ce ⎜= ⎜ 01 1 ⎜⎜ ce ⎜= ⎜01 1 ⎜⎜c e⎜ ⎜⎜= c ⎜ 01 1 ⎜⎜ ce ⎜
⎜ ⎨ ⎬
cf ⎜ ⎜ 1 0 1⎜⎜ cf ⎜ ⎜ 1 0 1⎜⎜ ⎜f ⎜ ⎜ ⎜
⎜1 0 1⎜⎜ cf ⎜
⎜ ⎜
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜
⎦⎣ ⎦ ⎣⎜ ⎜ ⎜ ⎜
⎦⎩ ⎣ ⎦ ⎜⎭ ⎣ ⎜ ⎜
⎦⎣ ⎜ ⎦
As we have A cB( ) = cAB where c is a real number .
cd d
⎡ ⎤ ⎡⎤
⎜ ⎜= cMe⎜ ⎜
Mce
⎜cf ⎜ ⎜f ⎜
(ii) ⎜
⎣ ⎦ ⎜ ⎜
⎣⎜ ⎦
10 1
⎡ ⎤
⎜
01 1 ⎜
⎜
1 0 1⎜
Hence M is a linear transformation and matrix of transformation ⎜ ⎜
⎣ ⎦
isQuestion No. 11 Marks :5

Solve the system 3x + y = 12 by using Jacobi’s Method starting x0 = (0, 0, 0) and

only three iterations.
2x – 4y = -6
Solution:

Iteration 1
( 12/3 , 3/2)
iteration 2
( 3.5 , 3.5)
iteration 3
( 2.833, 3.25)
 MTH501-Linear Algebra
Midterm Special 2006
www.vustuff.com
WWW.VUTUBE.EDU.PK

Question # 1:-
3 1
⎡ ⎤
⎜
4 2⎜
⎣ ⎦
Let A= Write 5A.Is det5A=5detA?

3 1
Let A = A = ⎡ ⎤
⎜4 2⎜
3 ⎣ 1 ⎦ 5
15
5A = 5 ⎡ ⎤ ⎡
= ⎤
⎜4 2⎜ ⎜ 20 10⎜
⎣((15 ⋅ 10)
det 5A = ⎦− ⎣(20 ⋅ 5))
⎦
det 5A = 150 −100 = 50
det 5A = 50

det A = ((3 ⋅ 2) − (1⋅ 4))

det A =−=
6 4 2
5det A =⋅=5 2 10

Hence proved det5A not equal to

============================================
5detA
=
Question #2:-
5 1 2 0
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
⎜3 − 2⎜ ⎜ 4 3⎜
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
Let A = and B = .Show that these matrices do not
commute.
Solution:-

5 1 2 0 14 3
AB = ⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤= ⎡ ⎤
⎜−3243⎜⎜ ⎜ ⎜ −2 6 − ⎜
⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
205 1 10 2
BA = ⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤= ⎡ ⎤
⎜ ⎜⎜
433 2 − ⎜ ⎜29 2 − ⎜
⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
AB ≠ BA
==============================================
==
Question # 3:-
 3x1 − 2 x 2 = 6 −5 x 1 + 4 x 2 = 8
Use Cramer’s rule to solve the system ,
Note : In order to get full marks do all necessary steps

Solution:-
3x1 − 2 x 2 = 6

−5 x 1 + 4 x 2 = 8

View the System as Ax =b. Using the notation introduced .

above
3 −2
A⎡ ⎤
⎜ −5 4 ⎜
⎣ ⎦
6 −2
Ab1 () = ⎡ ⎤
⎜
8 4⎜
⎣ ⎦
3 6
Ab2 () = ⎡ ⎤
⎜−58 ⎜
⎣ = 2, ⎦
Since detA the system has a unique solution. By Cramer’s rule,

det Ab
1( ) 24 + 16
x1 = = = 20
det A 2
det Ab
2( ) 24 + 30
x2 = = = 27
det A 2
==================================================
==
Question # 4:-
Find the matrix of linear transformation
TR: 3 → R 4 defined by
Tx(,x,1x) 2 3 = ( x1 + x2x, 2 + x3x, 1
− x3x, 1 ) 3
with respect to the standard basis R ?
Note : In order to get full marks do all necessary
of steps

Solution:-
The standard basis of R3 is {e 1, e2, e3}
E 1 = (1, 0, 0)
E 2 = (0, 1, 0)
E 3 = (0, 0, 1)

T(e 1) = T (1, 0, 0) = (1, 0, 1, 1)

T(e 2) = T (0, 1, 0) = (1, 1, 0, 0)
T(e 3) = T (0, 0, 1) = (0, 1, -1, 0)
The matrix of linear transformation is
 1 1 0
⎡ ⎤
A= ⎜0 1 1⎜
⎜1 0 − 1⎜
⎜ ⎜
⎜1 0 0⎜
⎣ ⎦
============================================================
==
3 2 1
⎡ ⎤
A=⎜ 0 k 2⎜
⎜0 4 2⎜
⎜
⎣ ⎜
⎦ A =0
If such that then the value ofk is
8
븀 4
븀 0
븀 None of these
븀

x + y =1
x+ y =0
The system of linear equations has
No solution
븀 Infinitely many solutions
븀 Infinitely many solutions
븀 d) None of these
븀
===================================================
=== 4 3
⎡ ⎤ 2 5
A=⎜ 7 2⎜and B = ⎡ ⎤
⎜ 0⎜ ⎜
1 6⎜
⎜
9
⎜ ⎣ ⎦
⎣ ⎦
Let thenAB is
11 38
⎡ ⎤
⎜
16 47 ⎜
⎜
18 45 ⎜
⎜
⎣ ⎜
⎦
a)
븀 b) A and B are not comfortable for
븀 multiplication
 11 38
⎡ ⎤
⎜
16 47 ⎜
⎜
8 45 ⎜
⎜
⎣ ⎜
⎦
c)
븀 d) None of these
븀
========================================================
=== −4 2
⎡ ⎤⎡ , ⎤
⎜ ⎜⎜
6 −3⎜ 2
⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦ R
Determine whether the set S={ } is a spanning set for or not.
Note : In order to get full marks do all necessary
steps
===================================================
== 2 → 3

Let T :
R R be a linear transformation defined by T(x)=Ax , where
1 −3 3
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
⎜3 5⎜ ⎜
2 ⎜
⎜−1 7⎜ ⎜
−5⎜
⎜
⎣ ⎜
⎦ 2
⎜
⎣ ⎜ ⎦
A= ,then find an x in
R whose image under T is b.Where
Note : In order to get full marks dob= all necessary
steps
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------====
12
⎡ ⎤
⎜51 ⎜
⎣ ⎦
The inverse of the matrix is
1 −2
⎡ ⎤
⎜−5 1⎜
⎣ ⎦
(a)
븀
1 1 −2
⎡ ⎤
9 ⎜5 1⎜
⎣ ⎦
b)
븀
1 −1 2
⎡ ⎤
9 ⎜5 −1⎜
⎣ ⎦
(c)
븀 d) None of these
븀
===================================================
==
The set of vectors {(5,0,0), (7,2,-6), (9,4,-8)} is,
a) Linearly
븀 b) Linearly dependent
independent
븀 c) Basis of R 3
븀
 2 3 4
Q:let A  1 7 6  find A^t, also show that (A^t)^t =A 2Marks
 3 1 2
Q: If the following equations of linear equation is solved using the Jacob’s method then,
Construct the matrix M from the coefficient matrix of the following linear system: 2Marks
9 x1  2 x2  3x3  5
3x1  7 x2  2 x3  7
2 x1  3x2  6 x3  5

1 0 0 
Q:let A  3 1 0 find inverse of A using inversion algorithm. 3Marks
0 0 1 

22
Q:Construct partitions of the following matrix into three blocks : 3Marks

1 2 3 4 1 3
B 
3 4 5 6 3 4 

2 3  4
A   b  
1 2  5 
T : R2  R2 T (x)  A x x 2
Q:Let and . Define by . Then find an in R whose

image under T is
b
.Also show that x is unique. 5 Marks

Q:Show that the coefficient matrix of the following linear system is strictly diagonally
dominant. Also calculate the second iteration using Gauss – Seidel method if the first iteration is
( x11 , x21 , x31 )  (1.3,1.04,0.936)
. 5Marks

10 x1  2 x2  x3 13
2 x1  10 x2  x3 13
2 x1  x2  10 x3 13
 Mth501 subjective for mid term
Latest spring 2013
By
~“Librainsmine”~

1 0 0 
E   0 5 0 
 0 0 1 

Q1. Applying certain elementary row operation to the elementary matrix

I3  3
to produce an identity matrix . [2 marks]
Solution:
Multiply R2 by 1/5

1 0 0 
E  0 1 0 
0 0 1 
I
We get the identity matrix 3  3

Q2. Why is it NOT possible to solve the following system of linear equations applying the
Cramer’rule? [2 marks]

3 x1  2 x 2  10
9 x1  6 x 2  30
Solution:
 3 2  x  10 
let A=   , x   1  ,b   
9 6   x2  30
3 2
det  A     18  18  0
9 6 
det  A  0
since it is an singular matric and its determinant is zero.
we need determinant of A f.or applying crammers rule

‘
1 2 3
A   2 4 6 
1 0 0 

Q3. Determine whether or not the inverse of the matrix exists? Justify
your answer with appropriate reason. [3 marks]
Solution:
1 2 3
A2 4 6
1 0 0
A  1(0  0)  2(0  6)  3(0  4)
A  1(0)  2(6)  3(4)
A  0  (12)  12
A 0

As the determinant of the given matrix is zero its mean it is a singular matrix the inverse of the singular
matrix does not exist.

3 2 1
A   2 1 2 
 0 2 0 
det( A )
Q4. Compute by using a cofactor expansion across the third row, where .

[3 marks]

Solution:
Using cofactor expansion along the first column:
3 2 1
11 2 1 2 1 3 1 31 3 2
2 1 2   0  1   2  1   0  1
1 2 2 2 2 1
0 2 0
now if we compare it with the formula
det A=  0  C31   2  C32   0  C33
2 1 2 1 3 1 31 3 2
=  0  1   2  1   0  1
11

1 2 2 2 2 1
3 1
=0+  2  1
3
0
2 2
=0+ {-2(6-2)}+0
=0-2  4  +0
= -8

1 2 1  1 2 3 1
A   3 4 0  B   4 5 6 1
0 0 2   0 0 0 1

Q5. Compute AB using block multiplication, where a .

[5 marks]

Solution:
Let
 1 2 1  1 2 3 1
A A12   4 5 6 1   B11 B12 
A   3 4 0    11 
A22   B B22 
, B 
0 0 2   21  0 0 0 1  21
A

let
1 2 1 
A11    , A12   , A21   0 0 , A22   2 
3 4 0
1 2 3 1
B11    , B12    , B21   0 0 0 , B22  1
4 5 6 1
now
A A12   B11 B12   A11 B11  A12 B21 A11 B12  A12 B22 
AB   11   
 A21 A22   B21 B22   A21 B11  A22 B21 A21 B12  A22 B22 
the number of colums of A equals numbers of rows of B
so we can performed multiplication operation:
1 2  1 2 3  1   9 12 15 
A11 B11  A12 B21          0 0 0   
3 4   4 5 6   0  19 26 33
1 2  1 1  4
A11 B12  A12 B22         1   
3 4  1  0  7 
1 2 3
A21 B11  A22 B21   0 0     2 0 0 0   0 0 0 
4 5 6
1
A21 B12  A22 B22   0 0     21   2
1
 9 12 15 4 
A B  A B A11 B12  A12 B22  
AB   11 11 12 21   19 26 33 7 
 A21 B11  A22 B21 A21 B12  A22 B22   
 0 0 0 2 

V  R3 W 3
Q6. Consider the vector space and the set consists of all vectors in R whose entries

are equal : that is ,

 W  {( a , b , c) : a  b  c}

W 3
Show that is a subspace of R . [5 marks]

Solution:
3
To check if W is the subspace of R ,we 1st check that axiom 1 and 6 of a vector space holds.

Let

u   a1 , b1 , c1  and v=  a2 , b2 , c2  be vectors in W then

u+v=  a1 , b1 , c1    a2 , b2 , c2  =  a1  a2 , b1  b2 , c1  c2  is in W
s
and also if k ia any scalar and u=  a1 , b1 , c1  in any vector W,then ku=k  a1 , b1 , c1 
Hence W is a subspace.

MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2013
(MTH501- Linear Algebra (Session - 3)

Q1: If A = B, then determine the values of x and y; where

 1 y  2
A 
x  2 3 
and
1 2
B  
 4 3

Solution:

As we know that matrix A=B

its mean that the every entry in A = to the coresponding entry in B
so its clearly seen that value of
x+2=4 .....x=4/-2=x=-2
y+2=2......y=-1

Q2: Determine which of the following condition(s) hold(s) for a vector space V over R.
Justify your answer with appropriate reason.
 
a ) x  y | x V , y V V 
b ) x  y | x V , y V  V xV

c )  x | x V ,   R   RxV

Solution:

(b) and (c) both are truefor vector space V over a field R is a set V equipped with an operation
called (vector) addition, which takes vectors u and v and produces another vector .

There is also an operation called scalar multiplication, which takes an element and a vector and
produces a vector .

Q3: Determine whether or not the solution of the following system of linear equations is
possible using inversion algorithm? Justify your answer with appropriate reason.

2x 1  4x 2  3x 3  3
4x 1  8x 2  6x 3  4
6x 1  12x 2  9x 3  4

Solution:

let
 2 4 3  x1  3
A   4 8 6  , x   x2  , b   4 
 6 12 9   x3   4 
det( A)  2  72  72   4  36  36   3  48  48 
det( A)  2  0   4  0   3  0 
det( A)  0
sin ce matrix A is non invertible matrix so we can not apply inversion algorithm here.

Q4: Find a Matrix A such that W=ColA

  2b  2c  
  
 a  b  2c  
W  ; a , b , c are real 
  4a  b  
  3a  b  c  
Solution:

1st we write as a set of linear combinations:

0 2 2 0  2   2  
1  1  2        
      1   1   2 
w={a b  c   : a, b, c in R}=span  , , 
4 1 0  4  1   0  
        3  1  1 
3  1  1  
let
0 2 2 
1 1 2 
A 
4 1 0 
 
 3 1 1

Q5: Find an LU – decomposition of the Matrix

2 3
A  
 5 7

Solution:

2 3 * 0 
A  * * 
5 7   
 3
 1 1 2 0
 2  multipler  * *
  2  
5 7 
 3 
 1
 2  multipler  5 2 0
 5 *
0  1   
 2 
 3
 1 2 0
 2  multipler  2 5 1
   
0 1 

Q6: Consider the vector space V=R2 and the set W consists of all points in R2 such that,
W={(a,b) : a,b ≥ 0}Show that W is not a subspace of R2.
Solution:

This is not subspace because it is not enclosed under scalar multiplication. So ,Vector space
V=R2 where R2 not passing through origin is not a subspace of R2.

MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2013
MTH501- Linear Algebra (Session - 2)

1 3 2 4 2 1 
2 4 
1 3 1 3 
Q1. If A   and B    then partition B in such a way that the multiplication
5 3 2 4 3 6 
   
9 8 6 5 4 5 
can be possible?

Solution:

No as matrix A has 6 partitions it will only able to multiply with matrix B if ad only if:
No of columns of A =no of rows of B

Q2. File the determinant and tell that the given matrix is singular or no singular

1 2 3 
A   2 4 6 
1 0 0 

Solution:

Det (A)=1(0-0)-2(0-6)+3(0-4)

Det (A)=1+12-12

Det (A)=1 it is non singular matrix

Q3. Determine whether the inverse in possible or not of the give matrix and justify your answer
 1 2 3 
A   2 4 6 
1 0 0 

Solution:

As

Det (A)=1(0-0)-2(0-6)+3(0-4)

Det (A)=1+12-12

Det (A)=1 it is non singular matrix

Determinant of the matrix is non singular so its inverse is possible.

2 3 
Q4. Apply Cramer’s rule and find the inverse of A   
 1 5

Solution:
  7 5
 4 5 
Q5. If A    and B   2 2  then show that B is multiplicative of A?
6 6   
 3  2
Solution:

 7 5
4 5 
AB    2 2
 6 6  3 
  2
 47 
5 0
1 0 
AB   
 48   0 1 
3
 5 

As AB is not equal to I so ,A is not multiplicative identity of B

MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2010
(MTH501- Linear Algebra (Session - 3)
3
Q1. Find vector and parametric equation of the plane that passes through the origin of R
and is parallel to the vectors V1= (1, 2, 5) and V2 = (5, 0, 4).

Solution:
As vector equation of the plane passing through origin is x =t 1 v 1+ t 2 v 2
Let x = (x, y, z) then this equation can be expressed in component form as
(x, y, z) = t 1 (1, 2, 5) + t 2 (5,0,4)
This is the vector equation of the plane.

Equating corresponding components, we get

x=t1 +5t2 , y=2t1 , z=5t1 +4t2
These are the parametric equations of the plane.

Q2. Which of the following is true? If V is a vector space over the field F.(justify your
answer)
 x+y
a) {  V,y  V}=V
x
x+y
b) {  V,y  V}=VxV
x
V
c) {  V, F}FxV
V

Solution:
(b) and (c) both are correct vector space V over a field F is a set V equipped with an
operation called (vector) addition, which takes vectors u and v and produces another
vector .
There is also an operation called scalar multiplication, which takes an element and a
vector and produces a vector .

let
1  2  h
   
v1   0  , v2   1  and y=  3
Q3.
 2   7   5
for what value  s  of h is y in the plane is generated by
v1and v 2 ?
Solution:
we can write in matrix form as
 1 2 h 
 0 1 3
 
 2 7 5
1 2 h 
 R3 ' 0
2 R1  R3  1 3 
0 3 2h  5
1 0 h6 
 R1 ' 0
2 R2  R1  1 3 
0 3 2h  5
1 0 h  6 
3R2  R3   R3 ' 0 1 3 
0 0 2h  4 
for h=2
y is in the plane generated.
Q8.given A and b ,write the augmented matrix for the linear system that corresponds to
the matrix equation Ax=b. then solve the system and write the solution as a vector.
 1 2 1 0
 
A   3 1 2  , b   1 
 0 5 3   1
Solution:

we can write the given ab in the matrix equation form Ax=b

 1 2 1   x1   0 
Ax   3 1 2   x2    1   b
 0 5 3   x3   1
or
 1 2 1   x1   0 
 3 1 2   x    1 
  2  
 0 5 3   x3   1

Q9. Q5.Find the AREA of parallelogram of the vertices (1,2,4)(2,4,-7) and (-1,-3,20). PG#
239
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MIDTERM EXAMINATION(Solution File)
Total Marks:40
SEMESTER SPRING 2004
MTH501- Linear Algebra Duration: 90min

Instructions
1. The duration of this examination is 90 minutes.
2. This examination is closed book, closed notes, closed neighbors.
3. Answer all questions.
4. Do not ask any questions about the contents of this examination from anyone.
5. All the questions are descriptive in that paper, you can't answer yes or no only and if in certain questions your
answer is yes or no then you have to justify your answer.
6. There is no mistake in the question paper and if you feel that there is something wrong with the question then
made the best assumptions which you think and then give the answer.

Question No: 1 Marks: 5

1 4 2 
Determine the value(s) of h such that the matrix   is augmented matrix of a consistent system.
 3 h 6 
Solution:

1 4 2  1 4 2 
3 h 6  0 12  h 0  By R2  3R1
   
It implies, x1 + 4 x2 = -2
(-12 + h) x2 = 0
Therefore, the above system of equations is consistent for all h.

Question No: 2 Marks: 5

8  4 3 5 
   
Let u  2 and A  0 1 1 . Is u in the subset of R3 spanned by the columns of A? Why or why not?
   
3  1 2 0 

Solution:

Consider u = a1 c1 + a2 c2 + a3 c3
Where a1, a2 and a3 are any scalars.
It implies that
8   4a1  3a 2  5a 3 
 2   a  a 
   2 3 
 3  a1  2a 2 
 4a1  3a 2  5a 3  8
a2  a3  2 (1)
a1  2a 2 3
4 3 5
Now 0 1 1  4(0  2)  0  1(3  5)  8  8  0
1 2 0
Therefore, the system (1) is inconsistent. Hence u is not in the subset of R3 spanned by the columns of A.

Question No: 3 Marks: 5

Assume that T is a linear transformation. Find the standard matrix of T.

T: R2  R4, T(e1) = (1, 2, 0, 5) and T(e2) = (3, -6, 1, 0), where e1 and e2 are the columns of 2 x 2 identity matrix.

Solution:

The standard matrix is:

1 3 
 2 6 
A   T(e1 ) T(e2 )   
0 1 
 
5 0 

Question No: 4 Marks: 5

Find the entries in the second row of AB, where

 2 5 0 
 1 3 4   4 6 
A  , B  7 1 
 6 8 7   
  
 3 2 
 3 0 9 

Solution:
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 
 2 5 0    *  * *
  
*
 
  1 3 4    4  21  12 6  3  8 5 1
 4 6    
 6 8 7     * *  * *
  7 1     
 3 0 9   3 2   * *  * *
 

Question No: 5 Marks: 5

Solve the equation Ax = b by using the LU factorization given for A.

4 3 5 2
A   4 
5 7  ,b   4 
 8 6 8  6 
1 0 0   4 3 5
A   1 1 0   0 2 2 
 2 0 1   0 0 2 

Solution:

Consider

Ly  b

 Ux  y
1 0 0   y1   2 
Ly  b   1 1 0   y 2    4   y1  2, y 2  2, y 3  2
 2 0 1   y3  6 
4 3 5  x1   2 
Ux  y   0 2 2   x 2    2   x1  1/ 4, x 2  2, x 3  1
 0 0 2   x 3   2 

Question No: 6 Marks: 5

 9 5 2 
 
Determine the matrix 5 8 1 is strictly diagonally dominant.
 
 2 1 4 
Solution:

Consider
| 9 || 5 |  | 2 |
| 8 || 5 |  | 1|
| 4 || 2 |  |1|
Therefore, the given matrix is strictly diagonally dominant.

Question No: 7 Marks: 5

1  5 
Let S be the parallelogram determined by the vectors b1    and b2    , and let
 3 1 
1 .1
A  . Compute the area of the image of S under the mapping x  Ax.
0 2 

Solution:
1 5
The area of S is det    14 , and det A = 2. Therefore, by definition, the area of image of S under
3 1 
the mapping x  Ax is |det A|.{area of S}= 2 . 14 = 28

Question No: 8 Marks: 5

 8 2 9  2

Let A  6 4 8   
and w  1 . Determine if w is in Col A?
   
 4 0 4   2 

Solution:

Consider w = a1 c1 + a2 c2 + a3 c3
Where a1, a2 and a3 are any scalars.
The Augmented matrix is:
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 8 2 9 2  1 0 1 1/ 2 
6 4 8 1 0 1 1/ 2 1 
  
 4 0 4 2 0 0 0 0 
It implies, a1 + a3 = -1/2
a2 + (1/2)a3 = 1
Hence w is in Col A.
 MTH501-Linear Algebra
Midterm Special 2006
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Question # 1:-
⎡3 1⎤
⎢4 2 ⎥⎦
⎣
Let A= Write 5A.Is det5A=5detA?

⎡3 1⎤
Let A = A = ⎢
⎣4 2 ⎥⎦
⎡3 1⎤ ⎡15 5 ⎤
5A = 5 ⎢ =
⎣4 2 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ 20 10 ⎥⎦
det 5 A = ((15 × 10) − (20 × 5))
det 5 A = 150 − 100 = 50
det 5 A = 50

det A = ((3 × 2) − (1× 4))

det A = 6 − 4 = 2
5det A = 5 × 2 = 10

Hence proved det5A not equal to 5detA

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Question #2:-
⎡5 1⎤ ⎡2 0⎤
⎢3 ⎥
− 2⎦ ⎢ 3 ⎥⎦
⎣ ⎣4
Let A = and B = .Show that these matrices do not commute.

Solution:-

⎡ 5 1 ⎤ ⎡ 2 0 ⎤ ⎡14 3 ⎤
AB = ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥=⎢ ⎥
⎣ −3 2 ⎦ ⎣ 4 3⎦ ⎣ −2 −6 ⎦
⎡ 2 0 ⎤ ⎡5 1 ⎤ ⎡10 2 ⎤
BA = ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥=⎢ ⎥
⎣ 4 3 ⎦ ⎣3 −2 ⎦ ⎣ 29 −2 ⎦

AB ≠ BA
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Question # 3:-
 3 x1 − 2 x 2 = 6 −5 x 1 + 4 x 2 = 8
Use Cramer’s rule to solve the system ,
Note : In order to get full marks do all necessary steps

Solution:-
3 x1 − 2 x 2 = 6

−5 x 1 + 4 x 2 = 8

View the System as Ax =b. Using the notation introduced above.

⎡ 3 −2 ⎤
A⎢ ⎥
⎣ −5 4 ⎦
⎡ 6 −2 ⎤
A1 (b) = ⎢ ⎥
⎣8 4 ⎦
⎡ 3 6⎤
A2 (b) = ⎢ ⎥
⎣ −5 8 ⎦
Since detA = 2, the system has a unique solution. By Cramer’s rule,

det A1 (b) 24 + 16
x1 = = = 20
det A 2
det A2 (b) 24 + 30
x2 = = = 27
det A 2
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Question # 4:-
Find the matrix of linear transformation
T : R3 → R 4 defined by
T ( x1 , x2 , x3 ) = ( x1 + x2 , x2 + x3 , x1 − x3 , x1 ) 3
with respect to the standard basis of R ?
Note : In order to get full marks do all necessary steps

Solution:-
The standard basis of R3 is {e1, e2, e3}
E1 = (1, 0, 0)
E2 = (0, 1, 0)
E3 = (0, 0, 1)

T(e1) = T (1, 0, 0) = (1, 0, 1, 1)

T(e2) = T (0, 1, 0) = (1, 1, 0, 0)
T(e3) = T (0, 0, 1) = (0, 1, -1, 0)
The matrix of linear transformation is
 ⎡1 1 0⎤
⎢0 1 1 ⎥⎥
A= ⎢
⎢1 0 − 1⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎣1 0 0⎦

==============================================================

⎡3 2 1⎤
A = ⎢⎢ 0 k 2 ⎥⎥
⎢⎣ 0 4 2 ⎥⎦
A =0
If such that then the value of k is
¾ 8
¾ 4
¾ 0
¾ None of these

x + y =1
x+ y =0
The system of linear equations has
¾ No solution
¾ Infinitely many solutions
¾ Infinitely many solutions
¾ d) None of these
======================================================
⎡4 3⎤
⎢ ⎡2 5⎤
A = ⎢7 2 ⎥⎥ and B = ⎢
⎣1 6 ⎥⎦
⎢⎣9 0 ⎥⎦

Let then AB is
⎡11 38⎤
⎢16 47 ⎥⎥
⎢
⎢⎣18 45 ⎥⎦

¾ a)
¾ b) A and B are not comfortable for multiplication
 ⎡11 38⎤
⎢16 47 ⎥⎥
⎢
⎢⎣8 45 ⎦⎥

¾ c)
¾ d) None of these
===========================================================
⎡ −4 ⎤ ⎡ 2 ⎤
⎢ ⎥,⎢ ⎥
⎣6 ⎦ ⎣ −3⎦ 2

Determine whether the set S={ } is a spanning set for

R or not.
Note : In order to get full marks do all necessary steps

=====================================================
→R
2 3

Let T :
R be a linear transformation defined by T(x)=Ax , where
⎡1 − 3⎤ ⎡3 ⎤
⎢3 5⎥ ⎥ ⎢2 ⎥
⎢ ⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ −1 7 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ −5 ⎥⎦
2

A= ,then find an x in
R whose image under T is b.Where b=
Note : In order to get full marks do all necessary steps
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------====
⎡1 2 ⎤
⎢ 5 1⎥
⎣ ⎦
The inverse of the matrix is
⎡ 1 − 2⎤
⎢ −5 1⎥⎦
⎣
¾ (a)
1 ⎡ 1 − 2⎤
9 ⎢⎣ 5 1⎥⎦
¾ b)
1 ⎡ −1 2⎤
9 ⎢⎣ 5 − 1⎥⎦
¾ (c)
¾ d) None of these
=====================================================
The set of vectors {(5,0,0), (7,2,-6), (9,4,-8)} is,
¾ a) Linearly independent
¾ b) Linearly dependent
¾ c) Basis of R3