Introduction to ICT

Some data are stored in digital format in mobiles, computers or any other digital
devices, these devices are called ICT (information and communication technology)
devices.
Here are some examples of ICT uses in different sectors
Agriculture: Activities related to research and development
Beauty and Wellness: Use for Training programmes
Banking and Finance: Storing data and for the secure transaction of money
Health Care: Research and development of health facilities

ICT Tools
Smartphone
Tablet
TV and Radio
Applications or apps like google play store and Apple App Store.

Mobile device layout

Power Button: used to start and shut down
Screen: on which we perform functions
Back Button: used to back screen
Microphone: Used while talking
Menu Button: Used to show options
Home Button: It brings back the home screen
Earpiece: used to listen to the voice on calls
Volume Button: Used to increase or decrease sound

Basic features of a mobile device

Bluetooth: Short-range wireless connectivity
Rechargeable Battery: To powerup device
WiFi: To connect local area network or internet
Cellular Network: Provides network to Call, send messages and connect with internet
GPS: to provide location services

Home Screen of a Mobile Device

Top: It s a status bar that displays icons of the network, wifi, battery level etc.
Middle: the main part of the screen on which we do all tasks.
Bottom: It has a back, recent and home button

Basic Gesture use

Tap: to select
Tap and hold: It acts like right-click on the mouse which shows options
Pinch: to Zoom in or out
Double-tap: to Zoom
Parts of a Computer and Peripherals
Input Device: Device through which we input data in a computer. Like- Mouse,
Keyboard

Keyboard
Types of keys on Keyboard
1. Function keys: Keys from F1 to F12 which performs special functions
2. Control Keys: Ctrl, Alt, Tab, Shift are control keys
3. Enter Key: to enter the data
4. Navigation Key: The four arrow keys(Up, Down, Left, Right) are navigation keys
5. Command Keys: Delete and backspace are command keys.
6. Windows Keys: It opens the start menu

Pointing Devices:
Mouse: It allows to control the pointer of the mouse on the screen and select icons.
Joystick: It is commonly used for video games
Light pen: used to make graphic designs
Graphic Tablet: It allows you to write on the screen.
Touchscreen: To send touch signals to a computer
Trackball: It is just like a mouse but used for special purpose
Scanner: It scans the document and converts it into digital form
MICR: Magnetic Ink Character Reader used to read Cheques in Banks.
OCR: Optical Character Reader to convert books and prints to electronic form
OMR: Optical Mark Reader used to detect marks on paper of MCQ type exams
Barcode Reader: It is used to read barcodes on different things like books, food packets
etc
Microphone (Mic): To Input audio
Web Camera: to input Video
Biometric Sensor: To input Fingerprints
Smart Card Reader: It reads Credit and Debit Cards

Output Devices
We get output from these devices: Monitor, Printer, Plotter, Speaker, Headphone,
Projector, Speach Synthesizer

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

It is the part of the computer which carries out all the tasks. It mainly processes the
input data and gives the output data. It has 3 parts – Arithmatic and Logic Unit, Control
Unit and Memory Unit.
Motherboard
A motherboard also referred to as a system board, is the main circuit board inside a
computer. It connects input, processing and output devices.

Computer Memory
It is a storage area where all the data is stored.

Primary Memory
RAM: Random Access Memory is an internal memory that is volatile means no data is
saved in RAM. Only tasks are carried out in this memory.

ROM: Read Only Memory stores all the data. It is non Volatile that means once data is
saved it remains there until you delete it.

Secondary Memory
It is an external device to store data. Example: Pendrives, CDs, External Hard Disk Drive,
Memory Card etc.

Key Concepts
• 8 bits make a byte
• 1024 bytes make a kilobyte(KB).
• 1024 KB make 1 megabyte (MB)
• 1024 megabyte make 1 gigabyte (GB)
• 1024 gigabytes make 1 terabyte (TB)

Ports and connections

The slots in which we connect a mouse, keyboard, pen drive, internet etc.
USB: Universal Serial Bus Port used to connect a mouse, keyboard pen drives
Display Port: It connects video devices like Monitor and Projector
Audio Ports: It is used to connect audio devices like Mic, Speakers
Ethernet Port: It connects to high-speed internet
Power Port: It is used to connect the power supply.

Basic Computer Operations

Computer hardware: The physical part of a computer which we can touch like
monitor, CPU, UPS, keyboard, Mouse etc are the hardware of the computer.

Software: The part that we cannot see or touch like programmes on a computer. The
software makes hardware work or interacts with humans. The most important software
is OS (Operating System). It starts working as soon as we start the computer. Example:
Windows, Ubuntu, Linux etc.
Starting a computer
To start a computer, press the Power button on the CPU.

Basic functions performed when a computer starts

When we start the computer, it runs automatically a basic program BIOS which self
tests. If everything is ok then it runs OS and finally, the computer starts.

Login and logout

When multiple users use the same computer and want to secure their data separately
then they can create login IDs. each one has a different password to start the computer
and after completing the task logout is done.

Shutting down a computer

It is a process to turn off the computer. To shut down the computer in Ubuntu by
clicking “Systems” at the top right and then click on Shut Down. In windows, we can
click Alt+F4 to shut down the computer.

Files and folders

File: All information are kept in files. Files have names and extensions. Different files
have different extensions to identify the file types. Ex- .txt for text document, .jpeg for
image, .avi for video etc

Folder: It is a location where a group of files can be stored. We can create a no. of
folders inside the folder. A folder within folded is called a subfolder.

Basics of Internet
Internet is a huge network of computers around the world. World Wide Web (WWW) is
a collection of all websites we visit on the internet.

Uses Of Internet
• Search information
• Shopping
• Online booking
• Entertainment
• E-mail and chatting
• Online learning
• Social networking
• Online banking

Connecting to the Internet

An Internet Service Provider (ISP)─i.e., the telephone company which provides Internet
connectivity using the phone lines or a wireless network.
Types of connections
(a) Wired connections: When the internet is connected through a wired medium like
ethernet cable.
(b) Wireless connection: When the internet is connected through a wireless medium
like Wifi.

Internet browser: The application software is used to visit websites. Example -Chrome,
Firefox

World Wide Web (WWW)

It is a vast network of files stored in computers all over the world. It is made up of

1. Web Page: A web page is a document present on a computer that is connected to the
internet each webpage has a unique address like https://www.crackmycbse.com.

2. Web browser: Application software to use the information available on the Internet.
Ex- Chrome, Opera, Firefox

3. Hyperlinks: Highlighted words on a webpage. If you click on that it will redirect you
to another page.

Important parts of a web browser

(i) Address bar: To type the address of the webpage
(ii) Tabbed browsing (Ctrl+T): It is used to view multiple web pages in the same
window
(iii) Back and forward buttons: Used to get back or next page
(iv) Refresh button (F5): To refresh the page

Electronic Mail (E-mail) is a quick way to send messages to people using the internet.
We can send videos, documents, spreadsheets, etc., along with the e-mail as
attachments.

Advantages of e-mail
1. Delivery of mail is very fast.
2. Cost of mail is almost free.
3. Multiple copies can be sent at a time
4. pictures, documents can be attached
Comparison between Post mail and E-mail.

To write a new e-mail, connect to the Internet and open Gmail. Sign In with your login
Id. Click on compose and write the message. after entering the mail address of the
receiver set the mail.

Draft Folder: All emails are stored which are written but not sent.
Junk/Spam: The mail which is not useful is stored in it.
Trash: Holds all deleted emails.

Receiving an e-mail: All emails received are in Inbox.

Replying to an e-mail: To reply to the email click on the reply button.
Forwarding an e-mail: To send the same message click on forward
Deleting an e-mail: Click on the delete icon to delete emails.