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Lab-8-Implementation of different types of Joins

The document is a laboratory manual for a Database Systems course at AlQuds University, focusing on the implementation of different types of SQL joins, including Inner and Outer Joins. It provides theoretical background, syntax, and examples for various join types such as Simple Join, Self Join, and Outer Join. Additionally, it includes lab practice assignments related to a schema involving sailors, boats, and reservations.

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Hamza Sayes
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2 views

Lab-8-Implementation of different types of Joins

The document is a laboratory manual for a Database Systems course at AlQuds University, focusing on the implementation of different types of SQL joins, including Inner and Outer Joins. It provides theoretical background, syntax, and examples for various join types such as Simple Join, Self Join, and Outer Join. Additionally, it includes lab practice assignments related to a schema involving sailors, boats, and reservations.

Uploaded by

Hamza Sayes
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ALQUDS University

Department of Computer Engineering

Database Systems
Laboratory Manual
0702325

Database Systems Lab


Lab#8: Implementation of different types of Joins
• Inner Join
• Outer Join

Dr.Rushdi Hamammreh ,Eng.Roa AlQuttub 2025


▪ Objective :
To implement different types of joins.

▪ Theory :
The SQL Joins clause is used to combine records from two or more tables in a
database. A JOIN is a means for combining fields from two tables by using values
common to each .The join is performed by the ‘where’ clause which combines
specified rows of tables.

Syntax:
SELECT column 1, column 2, column 3...
FROM table_name1, table_name2
WHERE table_name1.column name = table_name2.columnname;

▪ Types of Joins :
1. Simple Join
2. Self Join
3. Outer Join

Dr.Rushdi Hamammreh ,Eng.Roa AlQuttub 2025


➢ Simple Join: It is the most common type of join. It retrieves the rows from 2
tables having a common column and is further classified into:
1. Equi-join : A join, which is based on equalities, is called equi-join.
Example: Select * from item, cust where item.id=cust.id;
In the above statement, item-id = cust-id performs the join statement. It retrieves
rows from both the tables provided they both have the same id as specified by the
where clause. Since the where clause uses the comparison operator (=) to perform
a join, it is said to be equijoin. It combines the matched rows of tables. It can be
used as follows:
✓ To insert records in the target table.
✓ To create tables and insert records in this table.
✓ To update records in the target table.
✓ To create views.

2. Non Equi-join: It specifies the relationship between columns belonging


to different tables by making use of relational operators other than’=’.

Example: Select * from item, cust where item.id

Table aliases are used to make multiple table queries shorted and more
readable. We give an alias name to the table in the ‘from’ clause and use it
instead of the name throughout the query.

➢ Self join: Joining of a table to itself is known as self-join. It joins one row in a
table to another. It can compare each row of the table to itself and also with
other rows of the same table.
Example: select * from emp x ,emp y
where x.salary >= (select avg(salary) from x.emp where x. deptno =y.deptno);

Dr.Rushdi Hamammreh ,Eng.Roa AlQuttub 2025


➢ Outer Join: It extends the result of a simple join. An outer join returns all the
rows returned by simple join as well as those rows from one table that do not
match any row from the table. The symbol (+) represents outer join.

– Left outer join


Returns all records from the left table (Employees) and the matched records
from the right table(Departments). If there's no match, NULLs are returned
from the right side.

Example:
SELECT E.EmpName, D.DeptName
FROM Employees E
LEFT OUTER JOIN Departments D
ON E.DeptID = D.DeptID;

– Right outer join


Returns all records from the right table (Departments) and the matched records
from the left table (Employees). If there's no match, NULLs are returned from
the left side.

Example:
SELECT E.EmpName, D.DeptName
FROM Employees E
RIGHT OUTER JOIN Departments D
ON E.DeptID = D.DeptID;

Dr.Rushdi Hamammreh ,Eng.Roa AlQuttub 2025


– Full outer join
Returns all records when there is a match in either table. If there’s no match,
it returns NULLs on the side that’s missing.

Example: SELECT E.EmpName, D.DeptName


FROM Employees E
FULL OUTER JOIN Departments D
ON E.DeptID = D.DeptID;

Dr.Rushdi Hamammreh ,Eng.Roa AlQuttub 2025


LAB PRACTICE ASSIGNMENT:
Consider the following schema:
Sailors (sid, sname, rating, age)
Boats (bid, bname, color)
Reserves (sid, bid, day(date))

1. Find all information of sailors who have reserved boat number 101.
2. Find the name of boat reserved by Bob.
3. Find the names of sailors who have reserved a red boat, and list in the order of
age.
4. Find the names of sailors who have reserved at least one boat.
5. Find the ids and names of sailors who have reserved two different boats on the
same
day.

Post lab :
1. Find the ids of sailors who have reserved a red boat or a green boat.
2. Find the name and the age of the youngest sailor.
3. Count the number of different sailor names.
4. Find the average age of sailors for each rating level.
5. Find the average age of sailors for each rating level that has at least two
sailors.

Dr.Rushdi Hamammreh ,Eng.Roa AlQuttub 2025


Dr.Rushdi Hamammreh ,Eng.Roa AlQuttub 2025

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