MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQS)

UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY

Section 1: What is Psychology?

1. What does the word "Psychology" originally mean in Greek?

a) Study of behavior
b) Study of the soul
c) Study of the brain
d) Study of emotions
2. Psychology is best defined as:
a) The study of the soul and body
b) The study of the human brain
c) The scientific study of the mind and behavior
d) The study of human consciousness
3. Which of the following is NOT a part of the scientific study in psychology?
a) Observing behavior
b) Conducting experiments
c) Using hypotheses
d) Relying solely on intuition
4. What is the role of a hypothesis in psychology?
a) It proves a psychological theory
b) It is an assumption that does not need testing
c) It serves as a tentative explanation for a phenomenon
d) It is always correct and does not require further research

Section 2: Brief History of Psychology

5. Before psychology became an independent discipline, it was studied under:

a) Biology
b) Medicine
c) Philosophy
d) Sociology
6. Who is considered the "Father of Psychology"?
a) Sigmund Freud
b) Wilhelm Wundt
c) William James
d) John Watson
7. In what year did Wilhelm Wundt establish the first psychology laboratory?
a) 1759
b) 1805
c) 1879
d) 1920
8. Which of the following statements about William James is TRUE?
a) He founded the first psychology laboratory
b) He believed psychology should focus on the function of behavior
 c) He introduced the idea of psychoanalysis
d) He rejected the idea of evolution in psychology
9. What is the main focus of Functionalism in psychology?
a) Understanding unconscious desires
b) Studying the structure of the conscious mind
c) Examining the function of behavior in the real world
d) Observing how children learn language

Section 3: Introduction to Branches of Psychology

10. Which of the following is a branch of Basic Psychology?

a) Clinical Psychology
b) Cognitive Psychology
c) Counseling Psychology
d) Industrial-Organizational Psychology
11. What does Biological Psychology focus on?
a) The influence of culture on human behavior
b) The impact of society on personality development
c) The physiological processes within the human body
d) The treatment of mental disorders
12. Which branch of psychology focuses on mental disorders and abnormal
behavior?
a) Developmental Psychology
b) Abnormal Psychology
c) Cognitive Psychology
d) Forensic Psychology
13. What does Cognitive Psychology study?
a) How children develop over time
b) How people think, remember, and learn
c) The relationship between people and their environment
d) The influence of emotions on decision-making
14. What is the main focus of Social Psychology?
a) The study of individual behavior in isolation
b) How groups influence individual thoughts and behaviors
c) The biological basis of human emotions
d) The study of animal behavior compared to humans
15. Which of the following is NOT a part of Applied Psychology?
a) Clinical Psychology
b) Counseling Psychology
c) Experimental Psychology
d) Forensic Psychology
16. What does Industrial-Organizational Psychology study?
a) The way people interact with media
b) The effect of work environments on employee behavior
c) The causes of mental disorders
d) The influence of childhood experiences on adulthood
 17. How is Clinical Psychology different from Counseling Psychology?
a) Clinical Psychology focuses on mental illness, while Counseling Psychology
deals with everyday life issues
b) Counseling Psychology requires medical training, while Clinical Psychology
does not
c) Clinical Psychology only deals with children, while Counseling Psychology
focuses on adults
d) There is no difference between the two fields
18. What is the goal of Environmental Psychology?
a) To study how humans and their environment interact
b) To analyze the effects of pollution on mental health
c) To diagnose and treat environmental phobias
d) To study only the effects of urban environments on behavior
19. Which branch of psychology applies psychological principles to legal and
criminal investigations?
a) Health Psychology
b) Forensic Psychology
c) Sports Psychology
d) Developmental Psychology
20. What does Media Psychology focus on?
a) The influence of media on human behavior
b) The study of advertising strategies
c) The history of mass communication
d) The effects of social media algorithms

UNIT 2: DOMINANT BRANCHES OF PSYCHOLOGY

Section 1: Dominant Branches of Psychology

21. Which of the following is NOT one of the three dominant branches of
psychology mentioned in this lesson?
a) Clinical Psychology
b) Cognitive Psychology
c) Counseling Psychology
d) Industrial-Organizational Psychology
22. What does Clinical Psychology primarily focus on?
a) The study of workplace behavior
b) The treatment of mental health issues
c) The development of intelligence tests
d) The study of group dynamics
23. Who is considered one of the early influences on Clinical Psychology?
a) John Watson
b) B.F. Skinner
c) Sigmund Freud
d) Jean Piaget
 24. What was Freud’s main contribution to Clinical Psychology?
a) The development of talk therapy
b) The study of animal behavior
c) The theory of cognitive development
d) The concept of behaviorism
25. Clinical psychology is NOT involved in:
a) Conducting research on mental health
b) Providing therapy to individuals and groups
c) Diagnosing and treating mental disorders
d) Developing marketing strategies
26. Counseling Psychology is mainly focused on:
a) Diagnosing and treating severe mental disorders
b) Helping individuals improve their well-being and cope with life challenges
c) Studying the effects of advertising on consumer behavior
d) Conducting laboratory experiments on memory
27. Which of the following is NOT a function of Counseling Psychologists?
a) Providing therapy to individuals and groups
b) Conducting educational programs on mental health
c) Studying the structure of the human brain
d) Assisting organizations in managing employee well-being
28. Industrial-Organizational Psychology is best described as:
a) The study of how people interact with their environment
b) The application of psychology to workplace and organizational behavior
c) The diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders
d) The study of childhood development
29. Which of the following is NOT an area of focus in Industrial-Organizational
Psychology?
a) Employee motivation
b) Consumer behavior
c) Cognitive development
d) Workplace training programs
30. What is the primary goal of Industrial-Organizational Psychology?
a) To improve mental health through psychotherapy
b) To enhance productivity and work environment in organizations
c) To diagnose personality disorders in employees
d) To study childhood behavior patterns

Section 2: Careers in Psychology

31. In which field can psychology graduates NOT typically find employment?
a) Counseling and mental health services
b) Marketing and advertising
c) Engineering and robotics
d) Human resource management
32. What is one of the biggest differences between the requirements to become a
psychologist in the U.S. versus Vietnam?
 a) The U.S. requires at least a master’s degree and licensure, while Vietnam has
no clear legal requirements
b) The U.S. does not require any formal education, while Vietnam requires a
Ph.D.
c) Vietnam has stricter regulations on practicing psychology compared to the
U.S.
d) Both countries have the same requirements for psychology professionals
33. In Vietnam, individuals without formal psychology training can:
a) Work as professional psychiatrists
b) Legally call themselves psychologists
c) Open a medical clinic
d) Obtain an automatic psychology license
34. Which degree is typically the minimum requirement to become a psychologist
in the U.S.?
a) Bachelor's degree
b) Master's degree
c) High school diploma
d) No degree is required
35. In the field of psychology, which career does NOT necessarily require further
specialized education beyond a bachelor's degree?
a) Clinical psychologist
b) Research psychologist
c) Social worker
d) Neuropsychologist
36. Which of the following is an example of an applied psychology career?
a) Industrial-Organizational Psychologist
b) Cognitive Researcher
c) Developmental Theorist
d) Neuroscientist
37. A human resource manager in a company would likely use psychology to:
a) Diagnose and treat mental disorders
b) Develop recruitment and selection processes
c) Conduct psychotherapy sessions for employees
d) Analyze brain activity
38. Which psychology subfield would focus on developing workplace motivation
and reward systems?
a) Counseling Psychology
b) Educational Psychology
c) Industrial-Organizational Psychology
d) Clinical Psychology
39. What is one of the primary benefits of studying psychology in business-related
fields?
a) Understanding human behavior can improve leadership and employee
productivity
b) It helps diagnose business-related psychological disorders
 c) Psychology can replace traditional business strategies
d) It eliminates the need for human resource management
40. Which of the following is a career that applies psychology in legal and criminal
investigations?
a) Health Psychologist
b) Forensic Psychologist
c) Clinical Psychologist
d) Developmental Psychologist

UNIT 3: COGNITION AND MEMORY

Section 1: Cognition and Types of Cognition

41. What is cognition?

a) A biological process related to digestion
b) The process of acquiring, storing, manipulating, and retrieving information
c) A physical reaction to external stimuli
d) The ability to move muscles in response to stimuli
42. Which of the following is NOT a cognitive process?
a) Sensation
b) Perception
c) Digestion
d) Memory
43. Sensation is best defined as:
a) The process of interpreting sensory information
b) The ability to focus on one particular task
c) The initial detection of physical stimuli from the environment
d) The study of human intelligence
44. What is the main difference between sensation and perception?
a) Sensation is about detecting stimuli, while perception is about interpreting
them
b) Sensation occurs in the brain, while perception occurs in the heart
c) Sensation is related to memory, while perception is related to problem-
solving
d) Sensation only happens when we are asleep
45. Which cognitive process allows individuals to selectively focus on one aspect
of their environment while ignoring others?
a) Learning
b) Perception
c) Attention
d) Sensation
46. What is the role of memory in cognition?
a) It helps in storing and retrieving information
b) It allows muscles to contract
c) It enables the body to regulate temperature
d) It prevents individuals from making decisions
 47. Problem-solving involves:
a) Storing memories for future use
b) Understanding and finding solutions to complex or difficult issues
c) Ignoring information from the environment
d) Enhancing the ability to recognize objects
48. Which cognitive process helps humans communicate and express thoughts?
a) Sensation
b) Language
c) Perception
d) Decision-making
49. Decision-making is defined as:
a) A process of selectively ignoring all available information
b) Choosing a course of action among multiple alternatives
c) The study of emotional responses to stimuli
d) The ability to predict the future with 100% accuracy
50. Which field of study does NOT focus on cognitive processes?
a) Psychology
b) Neuroscience
c) Artificial Intelligence
d) Astrology

Section 2: Memory and the Memorizing Process

51. Memory is often compared to a:

a) Cloud
b) Computer
c) Tree
d) Muscle
52. What are the three stages of the memorizing process?
a) Sensation, Perception, Attention
b) Encoding, Storage, Retrieval
c) Recognition, Relearning, Awareness
d) Problem-solving, Reasoning, Decision-making
53. Which stage of memory processing involves converting sensory input into a
meaningful form?
a) Storage
b) Retrieval
c) Encoding
d) Sensation
54. What is the function of storage in the memory process?
a) Encoding information into short-term memory
b) Keeping information for future use
c) Deleting unnecessary memories
d) Making decisions based on emotions
55. Which memory stage involves bringing stored information back into conscious
awareness?
 a) Encoding
b) Retrieval
c) Storage
d) Recognition
56. What are the three types of memory?
a) Sensory memory, Short-term memory, Long-term memory
b) Procedural memory, Emotional memory, Physical memory
c) Cognitive memory, Behavioral memory, Sensory memory
d) Primary memory, Secondary memory, Tertiary memory
57. Sensory memory lasts for:
a) A few minutes
b) Several years
c) A couple of seconds
d) One day
58. What is another name for short-term memory?
a) Long-term storage
b) Cognitive awareness
c) Working memory
d) Sensory retention
59. Which type of memory has an unlimited storage capacity?
a) Short-term memory
b) Sensory memory
c) Long-term memory
d) None of the above
60. Which of the following is NOT a method of retrieving information from long-
term memory?
a) Recall
b) Recognition
c) Relearning
d) Reinforcement

Section 3: Ways to Enhance Memory

61. What is chunking?

a) A method of dividing large amounts of information into smaller, manageable
units
b) A way of completely forgetting unnecessary details
c) A technique that removes all distractions from the environment
d) A form of problem-solving
62. Mnemonics help memory by:
a) Providing sleep aids to improve cognitive performance
b) Using memory techniques like acronyms, rhymes, or visualization
c) Blocking out unnecessary emotions
d) Enhancing the ability to forget past experiences
63. What is the spacing effect?
a) Studying everything at the last minute to maximize retention
 b) Distributing study sessions over time for better long-term memory
c) Taking long breaks without reviewing materials
d) Studying continuously for many hours without rest
64. How does sleep improve memory?
a) It removes unnecessary memories
b) It helps transfer information from short-term to long-term memory
c) It decreases cognitive performance
d) It prevents the brain from forming new memories
65. Which of the following is NOT a strategy for improving memory?
a) Mnemonics
b) Spacing effect
c) Overloading the brain with too much information at once
d) Chunking

UNIT 4: COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGY

Section 1: Definition of Counseling Psychology

66. What is the main focus of counseling psychology?

a) Studying the biological basis of behavior
b) Facilitating personal and interpersonal functioning
c) Conducting experiments on cognitive processes
d) Diagnosing severe mental disorders
67. Which of the following is NOT a concern of counseling psychology?
a) Emotional well-being
b) Social and vocational issues
c) Criminal investigations
d) Educational and health-related matters
68. Counseling psychology is a branch of:
a) Biological psychology
b) Applied psychology
c) Experimental psychology
d) Forensic psychology
69. Who is considered the "father of vocational guidance"?
a) Carl Rogers
b) Donald Super
c) Frank Parsons
d) Sigmund Freud
70. What did Carl Rogers contribute to counseling psychology?
a) The concept of transference
b) Person-centered therapy
c) Cognitive restructuring
d) Psychoanalytic therapy
71. Which psychologist introduced career development theories?
a) Wilhelm Wundt
b) John Watson
 c) Donald Super
d) B.F. Skinner

Section 2: Counseling Process

72. What is the first step in the counseling process?

a) Goal setting
b) Establishing a relationship
c) Intervention
d) Evaluation
73. Why is building rapport important in counseling?
a) To impress the client
b) To create a trusting and safe environment
c) To increase the number of sessions
d) To diagnose mental illnesses
74. What is the purpose of informed consent in counseling?
a) To ensure the client agrees to participate in the process
b) To allow the counselor to make decisions for the client
c) To speed up the therapy process
d) To avoid legal responsibilities
75. Which of the following is an example of an assessment tool used in
counseling?
a) MRI scan
b) Personality test
c) Blood test
d) Genetic screening
76. The SMART goal-setting method stands for:
a) Simple, Meaningful, Adaptable, Realistic, Timely
b) Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, Time-bound
c) Scientific, Motivational, Achievable, Rational, Thoughtful
d) Structured, Manageable, Advanced, Responsive, Theoretical
77. What is the purpose of intervention in counseling?
a) To assess the client's past behaviors
b) To apply therapeutic strategies and techniques
c) To terminate the counseling process
d) To avoid discussing personal issues
78. What is included in monitoring progress during counseling?
a) Evaluating the effectiveness of interventions
b) Ignoring the client’s feedback
c) Ending the session early
d) Repeating the same strategies without changes
79. Why is termination an important part of the counseling process?
a) To ensure the counselor has no further responsibility
b) To review progress and prepare the client for the future
c) To prevent the client from continuing counseling
d) To shift the client to a different therapy method
 80. When should a counselor consider referring a client to another professional?
a) When the client requests a different counselor
b) When the client needs specialized treatment beyond the counselor’s
expertise
c) When the counselor wants to reduce their workload
d) When the client is unwilling to attend sessions

Section 3: Counseling Relationship

81. What is a fundamental characteristic of an effective counseling relationship?

a) A hierarchical relationship where the counselor is the authority
b) A collaborative, respectful, and trusting partnership
c) A casual friendship between the counselor and client
d) A one-sided conversation controlled by the counselor
82. Which of the following best describes transference in counseling?
a) The client's projection of past feelings onto the counselor
b) The counselor’s judgment of the client’s behavior
c) A method used to diagnose mental disorders
d) The client refusing to participate in counseling
83. What is countertransference in counseling?
a) The counselor projecting their own emotions onto the client
b) The process of evaluating counseling progress
c) The client's ability to recall past memories
d) The act of terminating therapy sessions early
84. How should a counselor handle resistance from a client?
a) Ignore the resistance and move forward
b) Terminate the session immediately
c) Understand the cause and address it appropriately
d) Criticize the client for their behavior

Section 4: Ethics in Counseling

85. Why is confidentiality essential in counseling?

a) To prevent the client from sharing personal information
b) To ensure the client’s privacy and trust in the counselor
c) To allow counselors to control client decisions
d) To avoid legal consequences for the counselor
86. Which of the following is NOT an ethical principle in counseling?
a) Autonomy
b) Justice
c) Competence
d) Persuasion
87. Beneficence in counseling means:
a) Avoiding harm to the client
b) Acting in the best interest of the client
 c) Treating all clients the same way
d) Encouraging clients to follow the counselor’s personal beliefs
88. What is the principle of autonomy in counseling ethics?
a) Clients should be dependent on their counselor
b) Clients should be forced to follow advice
c) Clients have the right to make their own decisions
d) Counselors should decide the best course of action for the client
89. Justice in counseling refers to:
a) Providing equal access to services regardless of race, gender, or background
b) Allowing counselors to refuse services to certain clients
c) Prioritizing certain clients over others
d) Ensuring counselors always agree with their clients
90. Fidelity in counseling means:
a) Keeping promises and maintaining trustworthiness
b) Allowing clients to break ethical rules
c) Encouraging personal relationships between counselor and client
d) Controlling the client’s decision-making process

UNIT 5: COUNSELING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY THEORIES

Section 1: Psychoanalytic Theory

91. Who developed the psychoanalytic theory?

a) Carl Rogers
b) Sigmund Freud
c) B.F. Skinner
d) Albert Bandura
92. According to Freud, which part of the mind operates on the pleasure principle?
a) Id
b) Ego
c) Superego
d) Conscious
93. The superego is responsible for:
a) Seeking immediate gratification
b) Balancing desires with reality
c) Incorporating societal and moral standards
d) Controlling motor functions
94. Which of the following correctly represents Freud’s psychosexual stages of
development?
a) Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latent, Genital
b) Sensory, Motor, Pre-operational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational
c) Id, Ego, Superego
d) Classical, Operant, Observational
95. What is the focus of the phallic stage in Freud’s theory?
a) Developing trust in caregivers
b) Toilet training
 c) Discovering one’s gender identity and resolving the Oedipus/Electra
complex
d) Developing problem-solving skills
96. Which psychoanalytic technique involves allowing clients to talk freely to
uncover unconscious thoughts?
a) Dream Analysis
b) Free Association
c) Operant Conditioning
d) Observational Learning
97. According to Freud, which defense mechanism involves redirecting
unacceptable impulses into acceptable activities?
a) Repression
b) Projection
c) Sublimation
d) Denial

Section 2: Behavioral Theory

98. Who is known as the father of behaviorism?

a) Sigmund Freud
b) John B. Watson
c) Carl Rogers
d) Jean Piaget
99. Ivan Pavlov is famous for his research on:
a) Operant conditioning
b) Observational learning
c) Classical conditioning
d) Psychoanalysis
100. In classical conditioning, a previously neutral stimulus becomes associated
with:
a) A conditioned response
b) A natural disaster
c) A moral judgment
d) A reinforcement schedule
101. Who developed the theory of operant conditioning?
a) Albert Bandura
b) B.F. Skinner
c) Carl Rogers
d) Sigmund Freud
102. Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?
a) Giving a child candy for completing their homework
b) Taking away a chore after good behavior
c) Adding an unpleasant task for misbehavior
d) Ignoring the behavior completely
103. Negative reinforcement involves:
a) Adding a pleasant stimulus to encourage behavior
 b) Removing an unpleasant stimulus to encourage behavior
c) Adding an unpleasant stimulus to decrease behavior
d) Ignoring the behavior completely
104. Which of the following describes observational learning?
a) Learning through rewards and punishments
b) Learning by observing and imitating others
c) Learning by trial and error
d) Learning through classical conditioning

Section 3: Cognitive Theory

105. Cognitive theory focuses on:

a) Unconscious desires and childhood experiences
b) Observable behavior and reinforcement
c) Thought processes and how they influence behavior
d) Emotional regulation through positive reinforcement
106. Who is a key figure in cognitive therapy?
a) Carl Jung
b) Albert Ellis
c) John Watson
d) B.F. Skinner
107. Cognitive distortions refer to:
a) Healthy ways of thinking
b) Negative thought patterns that can contribute to mental health issues
c) Genetic factors that influence intelligence
d) The process of reinforcement in learning
108. Aaron Beck is known for developing:
a) Client-centered therapy
b) Psychoanalysis
c) Cognitive therapy
d) Classical conditioning
109. What is the main goal of cognitive restructuring in therapy?
a) To modify negative thought patterns and replace them with rational beliefs
b) To increase a client's motivation through rewards
c) To interpret unconscious desires
d) To improve physical health through diet and exercise

Section 4: Humanistic Theory

110. Humanistic psychology emphasizes:

a) The role of the unconscious mind
b) The impact of early childhood experiences
c) The potential for personal growth and self-actualization
d) The importance of reinforcement in behavior
111. Who developed person-centered therapy?
a) Abraham Maslow
 b) Sigmund Freud
c) Carl Rogers
d) B.F. Skinner
112. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which of the following represents the
highest level?
a) Safety needs
b) Love and belonging
c) Esteem needs
d) Self-actualization
113. What is a key characteristic of person-centered therapy?
a) The therapist interprets the client's dreams
b) The therapist takes a non-directive approach and provides unconditional
positive regard
c) The therapist imposes their own beliefs onto the client
d) The therapist focuses on childhood traumas
114. Self-actualization is best described as:
a) The process of fulfilling one's potential and achieving personal growth
b) The ability to perform basic biological functions
c) The need for social belonging
d) The desire for financial success

UNIT 6: INDUSTRIAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

Section 1: Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology

115. What is the main focus of Industrial-Organizational (I-O) Psychology?

a) Studying human behavior in the workplace
b) Analyzing childhood development stages
c) Diagnosing mental disorders
d) Conducting brain imaging research
116. Industrial-Organizational Psychology is also known as:
a) Humanistic Psychology
b) Personnel Psychology
c) Workplace Psychology
d) Organizational Neuroscience
117. What are the two main areas of Industrial-Organizational Psychology?
a) Behavioral Psychology and Social Psychology
b) Industrial Psychology and Organizational Psychology
c) Clinical Psychology and Cognitive Psychology
d) Leadership Psychology and Employee Engagement
118. Which of the following is a key focus of Industrial Psychology?
a) Understanding how organizations affect employee behavior
b) Matching individuals to specific job roles
c) Studying group dynamics in a community
d) Developing marketing strategies
119. Organizational Psychology primarily focuses on:
a) Assessing employee characteristics for job placement
b) Understanding how organizations influence individual behavior
c) Conducting brain research on workplace stress
d) Measuring intelligence and cognitive abilities
120. What is another term for Industrial Psychology?
a) Social Psychology
b) Personnel Psychology
c) Developmental Psychology
d) Clinical Psychology
121. Which of the following factors influence behavior in an organization?
a) Organizational structure
b) Management styles
c) Social norms
d) All of the above

Section 2: Main Works in Personnel Management

122. What is Job Analysis in I-O Psychology?

a) The process of hiring employees
b) The evaluation of job performance
c) The systematic identification of tasks, responsibilities, and skills required for a
job
d) The study of consumer behavior
123. The main goal of Personnel Recruitment is to:
a) Fire underperforming employees
b) Increase workplace motivation
c) Attract and identify potential candidates for job vacancies
d) Evaluate leadership performance
124. What is the difference between Recruitment and Selection?
a) Recruitment is about attracting candidates, while selection is about choosing
the best candidate
b) Recruitment focuses on job training, while selection is about salary
negotiation
c) Recruitment is only for internal hiring, while selection applies to external
hiring
d) Recruitment deals with performance reviews, while selection is related to
marketing
125. Performance Appraisal is a process that:
a) Trains employees to improve their skills
b) Evaluates an employee’s job performance
c) Measures customer satisfaction in a company
d) Assesses the financial status of an organization
126. Why is Performance Appraisal important?
a) It provides feedback for employee improvement
b) It helps guide promotions and salary decisions
 c) It aligns employee performance with organizational goals
d) All of the above
127. What is the purpose of Training and Training Evaluation in organizations?
a) To replace employees who lack skills
b) To improve employee competencies and assess training effectiveness
c) To monitor the financial stability of the company
d) To reduce the workload of managers
128. How is Training Evaluation conducted?
a) By measuring the impact of training on job performance
b) By conducting personality tests on employees
c) By reducing training costs as much as possible
d) By forcing employees to take additional courses

Section 3: Decision-Making in Organizations

129. What is Decision-Making in an organizational context?

a) The random selection of employees for projects
b) The process of choosing the best course of action among alternatives
c) The process of memorizing company policies
d) The act of eliminating all employee input
130. Which of the following factors can influence Decision-Making in organizations?
a) Cognitive biases
b) Availability of information
c) Organizational culture
d) All of the above
131. Strategic planning is an important aspect of:
a) Decision-making
b) Job analysis
c) Recruitment
d) Performance appraisal
132. What is the impact of Cognitive Biases on Decision-Making?
a) They improve the accuracy of every decision
b) They can lead to irrational or flawed decisions
c) They eliminate personal opinions in decision-making
d) They have no effect on decision-making processes
133. Which of the following is NOT a key component of Decision-Making?
a) Identifying the problem
b) Generating alternatives
c) Ignoring employee feedback
d) Evaluating possible outcomes

Section 4: Workplace Behavior and Employee Well-Being

134. Industrial-Organizational psychologists aim to:

a) Improve employee satisfaction and productivity
b) Develop medications for mental disorders
 c) Conduct experiments on animal behavior
d) Reduce social interactions at work
135. Which of the following is a common workplace issue studied in I-O
Psychology?
a) Employee stress and burnout
b) Childhood emotional development
c) The effects of music on intelligence
d) Personality changes in aging adults
136. What is the role of Workplace Motivation in Industrial-Organizational
Psychology?
a) To create a competitive atmosphere among employees
b) To encourage employees to engage in productive behaviors
c) To ensure employees never take vacations
d) To reduce employee salaries to increase productivity
137. Which of the following can improve employee engagement?
a) Providing opportunities for career growth
b) Increasing workload without additional compensation
c) Ignoring employee concerns
d) Limiting communication between employees and managers
138. Organizational Culture refers to:
a) The financial policies of an organization
b) The shared values, beliefs, and norms that influence behavior within a
company
c) The history of the organization’s founders
d) The process of selecting employees based on cultural background
139. Why is Leadership Training important in organizations?
a) It helps managers develop skills to effectively lead teams
b) It prevents employees from asking for promotions
c) It eliminates the need for employee motivation
d) It reduces workplace diversity
140. The ultimate goal of Industrial-Organizational Psychology is to:
a) Maximize workplace efficiency and employee well-being
b) Replace traditional management practices with artificial intelligence
c) Reduce workplace interactions among employees
d) Remove all decision-making authority from employees

UNIT 7: CONFLICT AND MOTIVATION IN WORKPLACE

Section 1: Conflict in the Workplace

141. What is workplace conflict?

a) A positive and productive interaction between employees
b) A situation where two or more parties have incompatible goals, interests, or
values
c) A structured negotiation process between managers and employees
d) A way to increase workplace harmony without disagreements
142. Which of the following is NOT a common cause of workplace conflict?
a) Resource scarcity
b) Effective communication
c) Goal incompatibility
d) Power and status differences
143. How does resource scarcity contribute to workplace conflict?
a) It increases cooperation among employees
b) It leads to competition for limited resources such as budget, equipment, or
personnel
c) It eliminates the need for conflict resolution
d) It reduces tensions in the organization
144. What type of conflict arises due to miscommunication?
a) Role ambiguity conflict
b) Communication conflict
c) Structural conflict
d) Personality conflict
145. Role ambiguity in an organization occurs when:
a) Employees clearly understand their responsibilities
b) Employees receive conflicting expectations about their job roles
c) There is a strong team collaboration
d) Managers provide structured and clear instructions
146. Which of the following is an example of goal incompatibility?
a) Two departments have conflicting priorities that hinder teamwork
b) An employee enjoys working independently
c) A company provides training programs to improve skills
d) A team successfully completes a project on time
147. What is a key solution to managing workplace conflict?
a) Ignoring disagreements until they resolve themselves
b) Encouraging open and honest communication
c) Assigning more work to conflicting parties
d) Removing all policies and regulations
148. Which conflict resolution method involves a neutral third party helping to
resolve disputes?
a) Mediation
b) Competition
c) Avoidance
d) Domination
149. How can an organization prevent role ambiguity?
a) Assign multiple responsibilities to employees without explanation
b) Clearly define job roles, expectations, and responsibilities
c) Remove all hierarchical structures in the organization
d) Allow employees to create their own job descriptions

Section 2: Motivation in the Workplace

150. What is motivation?
a) The process of avoiding responsibility in the workplace
b) A psychological factor that drives individuals to take action toward goals
c) A method used to evaluate job performance
d) The process of eliminating competition in an organization
151. Which of the following is an example of intrinsic motivation?
a) Working hard to receive a promotion
b) Studying because you enjoy learning
c) Completing a task to earn a bonus
d) Working overtime to get extra pay
152. What is an example of extrinsic motivation?
a) A person enjoys learning new skills for personal growth
b) An employee works harder to receive a salary increase
c) A student reads books for enjoyment
d) A manager encourages self-improvement among employees
153. Biological motivation refers to:
a) The desire to connect with others in a workplace
b) The need to satisfy basic survival needs such as food and shelter
c) The urge to achieve personal development goals
d) The motivation driven by intellectual curiosity
154. Which type of motivation is driven by personal values, beliefs, and emotions?
a) Psychological motivation
b) Social motivation
c) Biological motivation
d) Extrinsic motivation
155. How can organizations improve employee motivation?
a) By ignoring employee concerns and focusing only on profits
b) By creating a supportive work environment and recognizing achievements
c) By reducing salaries and increasing workload
d) By discouraging employee collaboration
156. Which of the following is a key challenge in improving workplace motivation?
a) Every employee has the same motivational factors
b) Different employees are motivated by different things
c) Motivation does not influence workplace productivity
d) Managers cannot influence employee motivation

Section 3: Occupational Stress

157. What is occupational stress?

a) The positive effects of working under pressure
b) The psychological and physical effects of workplace demands on employees
c) A situation where employees avoid responsibilities
d) The increase in employee engagement due to high workloads
158. Which of the following factors can contribute to occupational stress?
a) Heavy workloads and unrealistic deadlines
b) Clear job expectations and flexible schedules
 c) Supportive leadership and teamwork
d) A well-balanced work-life schedule
159. How can organizations manage occupational stress?
a) By increasing workloads without considering employee well-being
b) By recognizing causes of stress and implementing stress management
strategies
c) By reducing employee benefits and incentives
d) By encouraging longer working hours
160. Which of the following is NOT a way to reduce occupational stress?
a) Promoting a positive work culture
b) Encouraging open communication
c) Assigning unrealistic deadlines to employees
d) Providing stress management programs
161. How does occupational stress impact organizations?
a) It improves employee satisfaction and productivity
b) It increases absenteeism and reduces work efficiency
c) It strengthens teamwork and morale
d) It reduces conflicts and misunderstandings
162. Which statement is TRUE about occupational stress?
a) All employees experience the same level of stress
b) Stress only affects employees in high-level positions
c) Different employees have different levels of stress tolerance
d) Stress does not impact job performance
163. How can an organization promote employee well-being?
a) By ignoring employee complaints and focusing on profits
b) By offering counseling services and stress management programs
c) By creating more workplace conflicts
d) By enforcing strict workplace punishments
 ANSWER KEY

Câu - Đáp án Câu - Đáp án Câu - Đáp án Câu - Đáp án Câu - Đáp án
1-b 2-c 3-d 4-c 5-c
6-b 7-c 8-b 9-c 10 - b
11 - c 12 - b 13 - b 14 - b 15 - c
16 - b 17 - a 18 - a 19 - b 20 - a
21 - b 22 - b 23 - c 24 - a 25 - d
26 - b 27 - c 28 - b 29 - c 30 - b
31 - c 32 - a 33 - b 34 - b 35 - c
36 - a 37 - b 38 - c 39 - a 40 - b
41 - b 42 - c 43 - c 44 - a 45 - c
46 - a 47 - b 48 - b 49 - b 50 - d
51 - b 52 - b 53 - c 54 - b 55 - b
56 - a 57 - c 58 - c 59 - c 60 - d
61 - a 62 - b 63 - b 64 - b 65 - c
66 - b 67 - c 68 - b 69 - c 70 - b
71 - c 72 - b 73 - b 74 - a 75 - b
76 - b 77 - b 78 - a 79 - b 80 - b
81 - b 82 - a 83 - a 84 - c 85 - b
86 - d 87 - b 88 - c 89 - a 90 - a
91 - b 92 - a 93 - c 94 - a 95 - c
96 - b 97 - c 98 - b 99 - c 100 - a
101 - b 102 - a 103 - b 104 - b 105 - c
106 - b 107 - b 108 - c 109 - a 110 - c
111 - c 112 - d 113 - b 114 - a 115 - a
116 - c 117 - b 118 - b 119 - b 120 - b
121 - d 122 - c 123 - c 124 - a 125 - b
126 - d 127 - b 128 - a 129 - b 130 - d
131 - a 132 - b 133 - c 134 - a 135 - a
136 - b 137 - a 138 - b 139 - a 140 - a
141 - b 142 - b 143 - b 144 - b 145 - b
146 - a 147 - b 148 - a 149 - b 150 - b
151 - b 152 - b 153 - b 154 - a 155 - b
156 - b 157 - b 158 - a 159 - b 160 - c
161 - b 162 - c 163 - b