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India is a vast and culturally rich country in South Asia, known for its diverse geography and significant population of over 1.4 billion. It operates as a federal parliamentary democratic republic with a rapidly growing economy, particularly in technology and agriculture. The nation is characterized by its cultural diversity, major religions, and contributions to education and science, while also being a prominent player in global affairs.

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6 views2 pages

33nd11

India is a vast and culturally rich country in South Asia, known for its diverse geography and significant population of over 1.4 billion. It operates as a federal parliamentary democratic republic with a rapidly growing economy, particularly in technology and agriculture. The nation is characterized by its cultural diversity, major religions, and contributions to education and science, while also being a prominent player in global affairs.

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India: A Modern Nation with Ancient Roots

India is a country located in South Asia and is known for its vast size, cultural richness, and long
history. It is the seventh-largest country in the world by land area and ranks first in population,
with more than 1.4 billion people as of 2024.

Geography and Climate


India shares its borders with Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar. To the
south, it is bounded by the Indian Ocean. The country has varied geography, including the
Himalayan mountain range in the north, fertile plains in the Ganges basin, deserts in the west,
forests, and coastal regions in the east and south. Because of this, India experiences a wide range
of climates — from alpine in the mountains to tropical in the southern regions.

Political System
India is a federal parliamentary democratic republic. Its government consists of three main
branches: the Executive, the Legislature, and the Judiciary. The President is the head of state, while
the Prime Minister is the head of government and holds most executive powers. The Indian
Parliament is made up of two houses: the Lok Sabha (House of the People) and the Rajya Sabha
(Council of States).

India is divided into 28 states and 8 union territories, each with its own local government. Elections
are held regularly at national, state, and local levels, and voting is open to all citizens aged 18 and
above.

Economy
India has one of the largest and fastest-growing economies in the world. It is classified as a
developing economy but has made major progress in industries such as information technology,
pharmaceuticals, telecommunications, textiles, and agriculture. Major cities like Mumbai, Delhi,
Bengaluru, and Hyderabad are important economic centers. India is also known for its strong
startup culture and growing middle class.

The Indian Rupee (INR) is the official currency, and Hindi and English are the two official languages
used for central government purposes, although many other regional languages are spoken across
the country.

Culture and Society


India is home to a wide range of ethnic groups, religions, and languages. Major religions practiced
in India include Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, and Jainism. The country is
known for its diverse festivals, classical and contemporary music, dance traditions, and literature.
Yoga and Ayurveda, which originated in India, are practiced and respected worldwide.

The Indian film industry, often referred to as Bollywood, is one of the largest in the world. Indian
cuisine is also globally recognized for its variety and use of spices.

Education and Science


India places high value on education and has made progress in increasing literacy rates and
expanding access to schools. It is also active in space exploration through its space agency ISRO,
which has conducted several successful missions, including a Mars Orbiter and a lunar landing.
Conclusion
India is a country of contrast and coexistence — where ancient traditions meet modern innovation.
As it continues to grow on the global stage, India remains a significant player in shaping the future
of the world.

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