CHAPTER I

Introduction

There is no best career for all students, students have unique skills and academic

performance that may consider in their career choice. Career choice of students must be given

a time and effort before the final enter in the college life. According to the American

Psychological Association in the dictionary, Career Guidance is the selection of vocation and

usually these choices were affected by many factors.

Changing work place and job is not an easy decision. There are always advantages

and disadvantages in every decision that makes the situation of choosing be difficult. But it is

important for the student to study the students’ priority. Students need to make their Career

Choice Wisely because wrong career choice can also increase the cost of a student in his/her

education. These will cause more expenditure and effort that waste time.

It is important also to trace the factors that affect student choices to provide them

correct career guidance. A crucial influence in decision making regarding career is the home

environment that this include the parents influence (James, 2000). There are also factor

outside the home that strongly affect the students’ decision.

According to Kari & Akhlaq (2017), another major determinant of career choice is

media. Other factors which influence career choice are family, parents, friends, culture,

academic achievement, health factors, existing income level and financial constraints, media

influences, prospective levels of income, employment opportunities, the social acceptability

of profession, recognition, and work satisfaction among others.

Statement of the problem

The study aimed to assessed the factors affecting grade12 students of VCHS-RE SY 2021-

2022 in their career choice.

Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the preference course/vocation of the students?

2. What are the factors affecting the students’ choice?

3. To what extent these factors affect the students career choice?

Significance of the study

Assessing the factors affecting the students’ career choice is important to investigate the

factors influencing the students that strongly affect the future career of the students. The

result of this study can, therefore, help the teachers, students, and future researchers.

To the teachers, the result of this study may help teachers to determine the students’ choice

career and also the factors that contribute to the students’ decision. This may help the teacher

also to help the student, guiding them to the right career guidance to avoid waste of time and

money in the future.

To the students, the study provides awareness to the students about their career choices. The

may help them to study the vocation they want. They may consider the result of the study in

their decision making about their career.

To the School, this study may help the whole School. The result of the study paved the way

to many innovations and room for improvements to the School Activities that help the

students realized what’s good for them. If the students choose the right track considering the

result of this study, it would be a great honor of the School to produce successful fruits.
Scope and Delimitation

This study assessed the factors affecting grade 12 students of VCHS-RE SY 2020-

2021 in career choice. Fifty respondents are selected who are grade 12 students SY 2021 -

2022 from VCHS -RE. This study will use Quantitative employing the survey method as an

instrument.

Hypothesis

There is no significant relationship between the factors and the preference vocation of

the students.

Definition of Terms

Career Choice. The selection of vocation, usually on the basic of such factors as parental

guidance, vocational guidance, identification with admired figures, trial or part time jobs,

training opportunities, personal interest, and ability tests.

Student. A person who is studying at a school or college.

Factors. A circumstance, facts, or influence that contributes to a result or outcome.

Vocation. A strong feeling of suitability for a particular career or occupation.

 CHAPTER 2

Introduction

This Chapter contains the detailed explanation of previous researchers or studies that

has been conducted related to the topic.

Review of Related Literature

According to Sharf (2002) admitted that financial consideration (salary, benefits and

incentives) is very important for everyone in career decision making. The salary and bonus,

potentially determine whether we can buy a new home, purchase a car, go on vacations, or

start a family. It's important that we make a good idea of what we need to achieve as a

reasonable standard of living. Mikacic (2015) explained that once we have carefully

considered the information about ourselves, career and the environment, we need to weigh

the advantages and disadvantages of each option. Only then we will be able to make an

informed career decision by linking what we know about each career to what you know about

ourselves. The next section will help us to identify and measuring the factors affecting the

career path choice of graduates in the Sultanate of Oman.

Abilities, skills, interests, personality, values and past experiences are also good

indicators of career path. Everyone has a different opinion of what leads to a great job

(Olawaiye , 2013). The relationship of the factors affecting students’ preference of course to

their career preference, Brainard’s Occupational Preference Inventory (BOPI) results,

academic achievement and their elective grades were considered. The findings revealed that

the availability of work after college is the first consideration of students in choosing a course
in college. Most of the students prefer to take scientific related field courses, or the “popular

courses” for Filipinos (Pascuala, 2014).

Gikopoulou (2008) considers that the most important criteria in choosing a career path

is the focus on the daily activities that we are going to do every day. For him, if the work to

execute is is satisfying, it may not really matter whether we make vast sums of money, or

have a boss we regard as a friend.

Ferry (2006) further asserts that adolescent occupational choice is influenced by many

factors, including the context, personal attitudes, and educational attainment. He contends

further that whether college bound or work bound, meeting the challenge of this

developmental milestone is critical in adolescent lives. Students all over the world usually

faced with the task of career decision making. The choice of careers, subjects, and courses of

study in schools and of subsequent paths to follow is always

difficult problems facing prospective undergraduates.

According to Khare (2015), If a student have a good teacher who makes an

impression or a family member who is a pharmacist or a carpenter she took up to, she may

decide on the same career” and such factors relate positively to desirable career development

outcomes such as career decision. According to Bollest (2011), one point inherits from

parents certain financial and other resources that, to some extent, influence the career choices.

Family financial status determines things like where one lives and which school he does

attend. In turn, these can affect one’s value, occupational expectation, opportunities and

gender role expectations.

 Youth career decision making is required to go though a process of understanding by

defining what they want to do and exploring a variety of career options with the aid of

guidance and planning. (Howard and Walsh,2011). According to Sears and Gordon (2002)

interest inventories have been developed to help identify interests and relate theme to career

and occupational , researchers have developed scales that compare the interests of individuals

to the interests of people who are certain about what they want to do. It is believed that these

occupational scales are effective in predicting career choice is the values that are deeply

rooted in their lives.

Related Studies

According to the study entitle “Factors Affecting Students’ Career Choice “, making a

career choice is a defining phase in every student’s life. Students have to consider several

factors before arriving at a decision. The influence of peers on the respondents’ choice of

subject specialization was also investigated along with any impressions taken from the media.

The results show the parents influence as most significant, followed by influence from peers,

gender, print media, financial reasons, interest and other (Kazi & Akhlaq, 2017). According

to the study entitle “Factors Influencing Students’ Career Choice and Aspirations in South

Africa” the purpose of this study was to determine factors influencing career choice and

aspirations among South African students. The study found that the family; the ability of the

learner self to identify his/her preferred career choice; and teachers were significant factors

that influence the career choice and aspirations of students. The implications of the findings

and practical considerations are discussed in the study (Shumba & Naong, 2017).

According to the study entitle “Factors Affecting Career Decision Making and Level

of Interest of Grade 10 Students in Teresian Daughters of Mary Schools” This study aimed to

determine the extent of certain factors that affect the interest of Grade 10 high school students
in their various career choices. Findings revealed that the cluster of careers in science

profession was the highest dominant career choices. Moreover, level of interest when

grouped according to sex was not significant. Furthermore, there was a significant

relationship between the environmental factor and the students’ level of interest in terms of

being technology skilled, service skilled, and arts skilled (Bonayog, 2020). According to the

study entitle “Factors Affecting the Career Decision Making of Secondary School Students”

This paper presents the findings of a study conducted to explore the factors affecting the

career decision making of secondary school students in Gandhinagar, India. The results

revealed no significant one factor that affected the career decision making of the secondary

students but a combination of them. Dani & Desai, 2018)

According to the study entitle “Factors inducing career choice: Comparative study of

five leading professions in Pakistan” this study aimed to identify major factors which induce

Pakistani graduates while making their career choice. The results significantly varied

especially for medical, management and pharmacy professions and differed from previous

investigations, illuminating the contextual importance of career choice factors. In terms of

gender, females seemed more socially inspired as compared to their male counterparts while

making a career choice. (Abbasi & Sarwat, 2014).

According to the study entitle “Decision Making Characteristics and Decision Styles

Predict Adolescents’ Career Choice Satisfaction” choosing one’s future career represents one

of the most important decisions individuals face during their development. The obtained

results indicate that, among decision making features, decision certainty represented the only

significant predictor of participants’ immediate satisfaction with the made decision. The

appeal of the preferred option and the number of considered options were revealed as

additional significant predictors of delayed satisfaction with the chosen alternative. With
regard to decision styles, regret and a distinct commitment factor predicted participants’

satisfaction with the made choice (Bubic, 2014).

According to the study entitle “Influence of Student’s Interest on Career Choice

among First Year University Students in Public and Private Universities in Kisii County,

Kenya” career choice has lately become a very complicated science, considering that the

decision is influenced by numerous factors. The study concludes that student interest is

significant in determining career choice decisions for an individual’s career. (Nyamwange &

Masai, 2016).

According to the study entitle “A Systematic Review of Factors That Influence

Youths Career Choices—the Role of Culture’’ good career planning leads to life fulfillment

however; cultural heritage can conflict with youths' personal interests. Personal interest was

highlighted as the major factor that influenced career choice in individualistic settings, and

the youth were more independent in their career decision making. Bicultural youth who were

more acculturated to their host countries were more intrinsically motivated in their career

decision making. Further research is imperative to guide the understanding of parental

influence and diversity, particularly for bicultural youths' career prospects and their ability to

use the resources available in their new environments to attain meaningful future career

goals. (Peter Akosah-Twumasi1 et al., 2018).

According to the study entitle “The study investigated factors affecting career choices

among senior secondary school students in Rivers State, Nigeria”. The population of the

study consisted 1120 students from eight secondary schools. A simple random sampling

technique was used to draw 112 students. The finding revealed that, there was significant

difference in H02, while H01 and Ho3 were accepted. Three recommendation were made (1)
There is needs for students to beware of environmental factors that could interfere with their

career choices. (2) Parents and teachers should prepare students for career awareness at early

age. (3) Parents should work closely with their children in career decision making process,

allowing students to choose from their interest area. Keyword: Career Choice, factors

affecting career choice and school counsellors. (D. Eremie and O. Chiamaka ,2019).

According to the study entitle “Factors Affecting Career Choice Among

Undergraduate Students in Universitas Indonesia”. Career choice constitutes one of the most

critical turning points in our lives because this choice determines our future role in the society

and symbolizes one of the most important processes in our entire life. Moreover, the results

of regression analysis showed that the factors of family, self-efficacy, personal interest and

economic considerations exerted great influence on the choice of career. With a view to

investigating student’s career choice that is affected by other important factors, further

studies are strongly recommended (Aman et. al.,2016).

Related Theories

Holland’s theory, 2019

Careers are determined by an interaction between our personality and the environment in John

Holland's Theory of Career Choice. We want jobs with people like us. John Holland's Theory of Career

Choice (RIASEC) maintains that in choosing a career, people prefer jobs where they can be around

others who are like them. They search for environments that will let them use their skills and abilities,

and express their attitudes and values, while taking on enjoyable problems and roles. Behavior is

determined by an interaction between personality and environment. Holland asserts that people of the

same personality type working together in a job create an environment that fits and rewards their type.
Within this theory there are six basic types of work environment, which correlate directly to the

personality types. Holland emphasizes that people who choose to work in an environment similar to

their personality type are more likely to be successful and satisfied. This idea is important as it shows

Holland’s theory can be flexible, incorporating combination types. Holland’s theory takes a problem-

solving and cognitive approach to career planning. His model has been very influential in career

counselling. It has been employed through popular assessment tools such as the Self-Directed Search,

Vocational Preference Inventory and the Strong Interest Inventory.

Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

 Determine the  Using quantitative  Creation of programs

preferences vocation research design the or innovation for

of the students. inputs will be more effective

 Determine the analyzed using integration of career

factors affecting the frequency and guidance.

students’ choice. percentage

 Determine the extent distribution and

factors affecting the SPSS.

student career

choice.
 CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research design, respondents of the study, instrument, data

gathering procedure and statistical treatment of the data.

Research Design

This study will use Qualitative Research Design because the data are in numerical

form.

Respondents

The respondents of this study are the grade 12 students of Villa Concepcion High

School -Rogus Extension. There are 50 students from grade 12 as respondents in this study

using Strata Sampling Technique. The sub-group chosen in this are the Grade 12 students of

Villa Concepcion High School- Rogus Extension from the big Group of Senior High School

in the East District.

Data Gathering Tools

A questionnaire was used as the main instrument in this study. Part I of the

instrument is the demographic background of the respondents and the preferred course.

Part II consist of 20 questions using the Likert Scale measurement. Part III consist of

different courses enrolled by the students.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers will seek permission to the adviser to conduct the study and also

seeking permission the participants to answer the questionnaire is highly observed.

Permission was officially secured to participants, then, the set of questionnaires was floated

personally by the researchers. All responds will gather and present using statistical

presentation.

Treatment of Data

In this study, the gathered data will present using the Frequency count and percentage

Table distribution.

Ethical Considerations

Seeking permission to participants is highly observe and all responds of the

participants will stay confidential. The researchers always observe the health protocols.
 CHAPTER IV

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

This chapter presents the findings, analysis, and interpretation drawn from the data

gathered.

Table 1. Students’ Preferred Course/ Vocation

Preferred Course Frequency Percentage

Education 22 44%

Criminology 18 36%

Nursing 4 8%

Information Technology 2 4%

Forestry 1 2%

Automotive 1 2%

Journalist 1 2%

Flight Attendant 1 2%

Total 50 100%

The table 1 shows the preferred course/ vocation of the students. The result shows
 Table 2. Factors affecting students’ choice
SITUATION STRONGLY DISAGREE AGREE STRONGLY
DISAGREE AGREE

PERSONAL INTEREST

1.I choose this field because I am fully confident 6 12% 0 0% 41 82% 3 6%

that I will give my best here.
2. I choose this course because I fulfilled the merit 2 4% 6 12% 42 84% 0 0%
requirement.
3. I choose this field because it’s working 4 8% 12 24% 32 64% 2 4%
conditions suit me well.
4. I choose this career I was curious. 6 12% 14 28% 30 60% 0 0%
5. I choose this career because I was interested in 8 16% 5 10% 25 50% 12 24%
this profession and I love it.
6. I enrolled my course or inquire a course because 5 10% 8 16% 29 58% 8 16%
of I want it.

(Personal Decision) Average 5 10% 8 16% 33 66% 4 8%

TEACHERS’ FACTOR

1. I choose this field because I was 7 14% 18 36% 23 46% 2 4%

inspired/advised by teachers.
2. I choose tis field because my teachers made me 6 12% 14 28% 29 58% 1 2%
feel that I could succeed in this occupation.
3. I enrolled my course or inquire a course because 12 24% 13 26% 23 46% 2 4%
of my teachers influences.

(Teachers’ Factor) Average 8 16% 15 30% 25 50% 2 4%

MEDIA INFLUENCE

1. I choose this field due to influences of print 4 8% 16 32% 28 56% 2 4%

media.
2. I choose this field after getting information 3 6% 12 24% 34 68% 1 2%
from internet.

(Media Influence) Average 4 8% 14 28% 31 62% 1 2%

 FAMILY FACTOR

1. I choose this field because my parents are/are in 10 20% 28 56% 12 24% 0 0%

the same profession.
2. I enrolled my course or inquire a course because 8 16% 12 24% 28 56% 2 4%
of my family want it too.
3. I choose this field as it is part of my family 7 14% 25 50% 18 36% 0 0%
business.
4.I choose this career because I was inspired by 3 6% 9 18% 26 52% 12 24%
one of my relative.

(Family Factor) Average 7 14% 19 38% 21 42% 7 14%

FRIENDS FACTOR

1. I enrolled my course or inquire a course because 6 12% 21 42% 23 46% 0 0%

of my friends want it too.
2. I choose this career because I was influenced by 12 24% 16 32% 19 38% 3 6%
my friends.

(Friends Factor) Average 9 18% 19 38% 21 42% 1 2%

BUDGET FACTOR
1. I choose this career because my budget can 4 8% 9 18% 36 72% 1 2%
afford it.
2. I enrolled my course or inquire a course because 3 6% 13 26% 32 64% 2 4%
of my budget for study.

(Budget) Average 4 8% 11 22% 34 68% 1 2%

Tablets 2, shows the factors affecting the students’ choice career. The data result,

shows that most of the respondents agreed that all of the factors presented can affected their

career choices. It is also presented that among the factors (Personal Interest, Teachers’ Factor,

Media Influence, Family factor, Friends factor and Budget), the budget for study with 68%

and Personal decision with 66% got the highest percentage.

Table 3. Factors considered by the Students’ in Enrolling/Choosing Career.

What is the reason of choosing/enrolling FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE
your courses now or in the next months?
PERSONAL INTEREST 27 54%
FAMILY 19 38%
FRIENDS 1 2%
SALARY 1 2%
 BUDGET 2 4%
TOTAL 50 100%
Table 3, shows the Factors considered by the Students’ in Enrolling/Choosing Career.

The results show an extremely high nature of data. Most of the students choose Personal

interest with the highest Percentage of 54 in enrolling /choosing for their college/vocation

education followed by Family with 38%.

CHAPTER V

Summary, Conclusion, and recommendation

This chapter discusses the summary of the study together with conclusions generated

based from the information of data, and recommendations needed.

Summary

This study assessed the factors affecting grade 12 students of VCHS-RE SY 2020-

2021 in career choice. Fifty respondents are selected who are grade 12 students SY 2021 -

2022 from VCHS -RE. There are 50 students from grade 12 as respondents in this study

using Strata Sampling Technique. The sub-group chosen in this are the Grade 12 students of

Villa Concepcion High School- Rogus Extension from the big Group of Senior High School

in the East District. This study used Quantitative employing the survey method as an

instrument. This study will use Qualitative Research Design because the data are in

numerical form. A questionnaire was used as the main instrument in this study. Part I of the

instrument is the demographic background of the respondents and the preferred course. Part

II consist of 20 questions using the Likert Scale measurement. Part III consist of different

courses enrolled by the students.

 The result of the study shows that most of the students want the course related to of

Education with the frequency 22 and 44%. Followed by the course Criminology with the

frequency 18 and 36%. The table shows that other courses- Nursing, IT, Forestry,

Automotive, Journalist and flight attendant, got low frequencies and percentages. It also

shows that most of the respondents agreed that all of the factors presented can affected their

career choices. It is also presented that among the factors (Personal Interest, Teachers’ Factor,

Media Influence, Family factor, Friends factor and Budget), the budget for study with 68%

and Personal decision with 66% got the highest percentage. The extent of the factors to affect

the students career choice is extremely high in nature. Most of the students choose Personal

interest with the highest Percentage of 54 in enrolling /choosing for their college/vocation

education followed by Family with 38%.

Recommendations

Based on the finding and conclusions of the study, the researchers made the following

recommendations.

1. Since most of the students choose Education and Criminology, students must

familiarize to the nature of the career they’ve chosen.

2. Management may conduct career guidance program particularly to the nature works

of the different profession, budget for study, and possible workplace.

3. Lastly, future researcher may conduct a tracer study to the respondents of this study

related to their progress in their chosen career.