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Introduction to Management Science, 12e (Taylor)
Chapter 10 Nonlinear Programming

1) The slope of a curve at any point is equal to the derivative of the curve's function.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 489
Section Heading: Nonlinear Profit Analysis
Keywords: nonlinear programming
AACSB: Analytical thinking

2) The slope of a curve at its highest point equals 1.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 489
Section Heading: Nonlinear Profit Analysis
Keywords: nonlinear programming
AACSB: Analytical thinking

3) A profit function of Z = 3x2 - 12x + 5 reaches maximum profit at x = 2 units of output.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 489
Section Heading: Nonlinear Profit Analysis
Keywords: nonlinear programming, slope of a curve (function)
AACSB: Analytical thinking

4) Classical optimization uses calculus to determine the optimal values of a variable.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 490
Section Heading: Nonlinear Profit Analysis
Keywords: nonlinear programming, slope of a curve (function)
AACSB: Application of knowledge

5) A firm has a cost function of 3x2 - 25x + 374. Without having two examples of their output volume and
total cost, we cannot determine their fixed cost.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 489
Section Heading: Nonlinear Profit Analysis
Keywords: nonlinear programming, slope of a curve (function)
AACSB: Analytical thinking

6) Maximum profit is achieved everywhere the first derivative of the profit function equals zero.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 489
Section Heading: Nonlinear Profit Analysis
Keywords: nonlinear programming, slope of a curve (function)
AACSB: Analytical thinking

1
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
7) The first derivative of a cost function equals zero at the point V = 100. This is definitely the worst
output volume for the producer to choose.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 489
Section Heading: Nonlinear Profit Analysis
Keywords: nonlinear programming, slope of a curve (function)
AACSB: Analytical thinking

8) Decision variables cannot be multiplied by each other in the objective function of a nonlinear program.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 490
Section Heading: Constrained Optimization
Keywords: nonlinear programming
AACSB: Application of knowledge

9) Both linear and nonlinear programming models are examples of constrained optimization models.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 490
Section Heading: Constrained Optimization
Keywords: constrained optimization
AACSB: Application of knowledge

10) An optimal solution to a nonlinear programming problem will always occur at the boundary of the
feasible solution space formed by the constraint.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 492
Section Heading: Constrained Optimization
Keywords: nonlinear programming problem
AACSB: Analytical thinking

11) The Lagrange multiplier is analogous to the dual variables in a linear programming problem.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 494
Section Heading: Solution of Nonlinear Programming Problems with Excel
Keywords: Lagrange multiplier
AACSB: Analytical thinking

12) The Lagrange multiplier at the optimum gives only the instantaneous rate of change in the objective
value.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 494
Section Heading: Solution of Nonlinear Programming Problems with Excel
Keywords: Lagrange multiplier
AACSB: Analytical thinking

2
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
13) Both linear and nonlinear programming models have the general form of an objective function subject
to more than 1 constraint.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 490
Section Heading: Constrained Optimization
Keywords: nonlinear programming, model formulation
AACSB: Application of knowledge

14) Classical optimization is the use of calculus to determine the optimal value of a variable.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 490
Section Heading: Nonlinear Profit Analysis
Keywords: classical optimization
AACSB: Application of knowledge

15) If a nonlinear program has been correctly formulated, procedures guarantee a solution.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 492
Section Heading: Constrained Optimization
Keywords: nonlinear programming problem
AACSB: Application of knowledge

16) In an unconstrained nonlinear programming problem, we have a single nonlinear objective function
and no constraints.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 490
Section Heading: Constrained Optimization
Keywords: unconstrained nonlinear programming problem
AACSB: Application of knowledge

17) Constraints for nonlinear programs are usually nonlinear.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 491
Section Heading: Constrained Optimization
Keywords: constrained nonlinear programming
AACSB: Application of knowledge

18) In portfolio selection problems, risk is measured by the variance of the return on the portfolio.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 500
Section Heading: Nonlinear Model Examples
Keywords: portfolio selection problems
AACSB: Analytical thinking

3
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
19) In solving the facility location problem, the objective is to locate a centralized facility that serves
customers or other facilities such that the distance traveled between the facility and customers or other
facilities is minimized.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 499
Section Heading: Nonlinear Model Examples
Keywords: facility location
AACSB: Application of knowledge

20) If a nonlinear programming model consists of a single nonlinear objective function and a single linear
constraint, it is called a(n) ________ optimization problem.
Answer: constrained or nonlinear
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 490
Section Heading: Constrained Optimization
Keywords: constrained, nonlinear programming problem
AACSB: Application of knowledge

21) If a nonlinear programming model consists of a single nonlinear objective function and no constraints,
it is called a(n) ________ optimization problem.
Answer: unconstrained
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 490
Section Heading: Constrained Optimization
Keywords: unconstrained nonlinear programming problem
AACSB: Application of knowledge

22) The ________ reflects the approximate change in the objective function resulting from a unit change in
the quantity (right-hand-side) value of the constraint.
Answer: Lagrange multiplier
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 494
Section Heading: Solution of Nonlinear Programming Problems with Excel
Keywords: Lagrange multiplier
AACSB: Analytical thinking

23) The dual value of a resource in a nonlinear programming model is given by the ________.
Answer: Lagrange multiplier
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 494
Section Heading: Solution of Nonlinear Programming Problems with Excel
Keywords: Lagrangian function
AACSB: Application of knowledge

24) Assume a nonlinear programming problem with a single constraint has been solved. The value of the
Lagrange multiplier is $0.75 and the value of the optimal profit (Z) is $25. If the right-hand side of the
constraint is increased from 38 to 42, the new value of Z will be ________.
Answer: $28
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 494
Section Heading: Solution of Nonlinear Programming Problems with Excel
Keywords: Lagrange multiplier
AACSB: Analytical thinking

4
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
25) If a nonlinear programming problem results in profit (Z) of $50, and the Lagrange multiplier for a
constraint is -2, the new profit will be ________ if the right-hand side of the constraint is increased by 1
unit.
Answer: $48
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 494
Section Heading: Solution of Nonlinear Programming Problems with Excel
Keywords: Lagrange multiplier
AACSB: Analytical thinking

26) If a firm's profit is Z = 100p -8p2 +16, then the maximum profit occurs where p = ________.
Answer: 6.25
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 487-488
Section Heading: Nonlinear Profit Analysis
Keywords: solution to unconstrained nonlinear programming problem
AACSB: Analytical thinking

27) If a firm's profit is Z = 20p -2p2 + 40, then the optimal value of I yields a maximum profit of ________.
Answer: 90 (p=5)
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 487-488
Section Heading: Nonlinear Profit Analysis
Keywords: solution to unconstrained nonlinear programming problem
AACSB: Analytical thinking

28) Assume price and demand are related by the following function: v = 200 - p. If fixed cost = $10,000
and variable cost = $8, then the expression for profit is ________.
Answer: Z = 208p - p2 - 11,600
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 487-488
Section Heading: Nonlinear Profit Analysis
Keywords: nonlinear programming
AACSB: Analytical thinking

29) Assume price and demand are related by the following function: v = 100 - 2.5p. If fixed cost = $5000
and variable cost = $10, then the expression for profit is ________.
Answer: Z = 125p - 2.5p2 - 6000
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 487-488
Section Heading: Nonlinear Profit Analysis
Keywords: nonlinear programming
AACSB: Analytical thinking

30) If price and demand are related by the function v = 15 + 15p and the fixed cost is $150 while the
variable cost is $5, then the expression for profit is ________.
Answer: Z = 15 p2 - 60p - 225
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 487-488
Section Heading: Nonlinear Profit Analysis
Keywords: nonlinear programming
AACSB: Analytical thinking

5
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
31) If price and demand are related by the function v = 15 + 15p and the fixed cost is $150 while the
variable cost is $5, then the profit at a price of 20 Rupees is ________.
Answer: 4575 Rupees
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 487-488
Section Heading: Nonlinear Profit Analysis
Keywords: nonlinear programming
AACSB: Analytical thinking

32) ________, a measure of correlation between returns on investment i and returns on investment j is
used to reflect risk.
Answer: Covariance
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 500
Section Heading: Nonlinear Model Examples
Keywords: portfolio selection model, covariance, risk management
AACSB: Application of knowledge

33) The ________ of the value of investment is a measure of risk.

Answer: variance
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 500
Section Heading: Nonlinear Model Examples
Keywords: portfolio selection model, variance, risk management
AACSB: Application of knowledge

34) The ________ the variability in an investment portfolio, the ________ the risk of the investment
portfolio.
Answer: higher, higher OR lower, lower
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 500
Section Heading: Nonlinear Model Examples
Keywords: portfolio selection model, variance, risk management
AACSB: Application of knowledge

35) The ________ measure of distance between two points on a set of X and Y coordinates is the
hypotenuse of a right triangle.
Answer: straight line (direct, Euclidian)
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 499
Section Heading: Nonlinear Model Examples
Keywords: facility location, distance measurement
AACSB: Application of knowledge

36) The objective of a facility location problem is to minimize ________.

Answer: the total distance traveled
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 499
Section Heading: Nonlinear Model Examples
Keywords: facility location, distance measurement
AACSB: Application of knowledge

6
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
37) The distance formula of d = will find the ________ distance between two
locations.
Answer: straight line
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 499
Section Heading: Nonlinear Model Examples
Keywords: facility location, distance measurement
AACSB: Analytical thinking

38) The first derivative of the fixed cost line is ________.

Answer: zero
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 488
Section Heading: Nonlinear Profit Analysis
Keywords: derivative of the curve's function, slope of a curve
AACSB: Analytical thinking

The XYZ manufacturing company produces ball bearings. The annual fixed cost is $20,000 and the
variable cost per ball bearing is $3. The price is related to demand according to the following equation:
1000 - 8p.

39) What is the nonlinear profit function for the XYZ company? Simplify the terms as much as possible.
Answer: Z = 1024p - 8p2 - 23,000
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 488
Section Heading: Nonlinear Profit Analysis
Keywords: obj function of a nonlinear prog prob, calc of objective function
AACSB: Analytical thinking

40) What is the derivative of the profit function for the XYZ company? Simplify the terms as much as
possible.
Answer: = 1024 - 16p

Diff: 2 Page Ref: 489

Section Heading: Nonlinear Profit Analysis
Keywords: obj function of nonlinear prog prob, derivative of the function
AACSB: Analytical thinking

41) What price for the ball bearings will maximize the profit?
Answer: 64
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 489
Section Heading: Nonlinear Profit Analysis
Keywords: solution to unconstrained nonlinear prog prob, optimal price
AACSB: Analytical thinking

42) What is the optimal production quantity?

Answer: 488 units
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 480
Section Heading: Nonlinear Profit Analysis
Keywords: solution to unconstrained nonlinear prog prob, optimal price
AACSB: Analytical thinking

7
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
43) What is the optimal profit?
Answer: $9768
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 489
Section Heading: Nonlinear Profit Analysis
Keywords: solution to unconstrained nonlinear prog prob, optimal price
AACSB: Analytical thinking

The Salt Creek Soap Company has determined the following nonlinear model to determine the optimal
pounds of industrial soap (X1) and shampoo (X2) it should produce each day.

Maximize Z = X12 + 2X22 - 8X1 - 12X2 + 34

Subject to: X1 + 2X2 = 4 lbs

44) Determine the quantity of soap and shampoo that should be produced to maximize profit.
Answer: X1 = 0, X2 = 2
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 492-494
Section Heading: Solution of Nonlinear Programming Problems with Excel
Keywords: solution-constrained nonlinear prog prob, optimal variable values
AACSB: Analytical thinking

45) Determine the profit for the optimal production quantities of soap and shampoo.
Answer: Z = 18
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 492-494
Section Heading: Solution of Nonlinear Programming Problems with Excel
Keywords: solution to constrained nonlinear prog problem, optimal profit
AACSB: Analytical thinking

46) Lush Lawns, Inc. provides a lawn fertilizer and weed control service. They are adding a special
aeration treatment as a low-cost extra service option, which it hopes will help attract new customers.
Management is planning to promote this new service in two media: radio and direct-mail advertising. A
budget of $2000 is to be used on this promotional campaign over the next quarter. Based on past
experience in promoting its other services, Lush Lawns has been able to obtain an estimate of the
relationship between sales and the amount spent on promotion in these two media:

s = 2x12 - 10x22 - 2x1x2 + 18x1 + 34x2

s.t. x1 + x2 = 2
Solve.
Answer: x1 = 1.66; x2 = 0.33, Lagrange multiplier = 24
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 492-494
Section Heading: Solution of Nonlinear Programming Problems with Excel
Keywords: solution to constrained nonlinear program
AACSB: Analytical thinking

8
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Zevon Enterprises
Zevon Enterprises provides services for clients worldwide and to protect all parties to this course as well
as Zevon, we shall refer to those services as X1, X2, and X3. Each of these services has its own special mix
of needs for the resources the company has at its disposal. The X1 product requires three lawyers, seven
guns, and $6,000; the X2 product requires two lawyers, five guns, and $4,000; and the X 3 product requires
four lawyers, six guns, and $7,000. Zevon has access to 5,000 lawyers, 10,000 guns, and $15,000,000. For
ease of conversation, Zevon employees usually speak about dollars as "per thousand" so one of them
asking for $7 means that they really need $7,000.

Zevon's demand is variable depending on what they charge for it. For example, the X 1 product's demand
is 200 - 2.25p1. The demand for X2 is 300 - 3p2, and the demand for X3 is 400 - 3.5p3. The per unit profit
forX1 through X3 can be calculated by subtracting the per unit cost from the sales price, so for X 1, the
profit is p1 - 2.25, for X2 the profit is p2 - 3, and for X3 the profit is p3 - 3.5.

47) Formulate an appropriate objective function for this scenario.

Answer: Max Z = (p1 - 2.25)X1 + (p2 - 3)X2 + (p3 - 3.5)X3
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 496
Section Heading: A Nonlinear Programming Model with Multiple Constraints
Keywords: nonlinear programming, model formulation
AACSB: Analytical thinking

48) Formulate the lawyer constraint for this scenario.

Answer: The lawyer constraint is as follows:
3X1 + 2X2 + 4X3 ≤ 5,000
where:
X1 = 200 - 2.25p1
X2 = 300 - 3.00p2
X3 = 400 - 3.50p3
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 496
Section Heading: A Nonlinear Programming Model with Multiple Constraints
Keywords: nonlinear programming, model formulation
AACSB: Analytical thinking

49) Formulate the financial constraint for this scenario.

Answer: 6X1 + 4X2 + 7X3 ≤ 15,000
where:
X1 = 200 - 2.25p1
X2 = 300 - 3.00p2
X3 = 400 - 3.50p3
p1 = price of X1
p2 = price of X2
p3 = price of X3
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 496
Section Heading: A Nonlinear Programming Model with Multiple Constraints
Keywords: nonlinear programming, model formulation
AACSB: Analytical thinking

9
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
50) Formulate the objective function and constraints for this scenario.
Answer: Max Z = (p1-2.25)X1 + (p2-3)X2 + (p3-3.5)X3
subject to:
3X1 + 2X2 + 4X3 ≤ 5,000
7X1 + 5X2 + 6X3 ≤ 10,000
6X1 + 4X2 + 7X3 ≤ 15,000
where:
X1 = 200 - 2.25p1
X2 = 300 - 3.00p2
X3 = 400 - 3.50p3
p1 = price of X1
p2 = price of X2
p3 = price of X3
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 496
Section Heading: A Nonlinear Programming Model with Multiple Constraints
Keywords: nonlinear programming, model formulation
AACSB: Analytical thinking

51) The model was entered into an Excel spreadsheet and the table below shows part of the sensitivity
report. Provide an interpretation.

Constraints
Final Lagrange
Cell Name Value Multiplier
$F$8 Lawyers 1358.906273 0
$F$9 Guns 2573.031361 0
$F$10 Money 2523.937562 0

Answer: The model provides a solution that calls for only 1358.9 lawyers, 2573.03 guns and 2523.9
thousands of dollars, far below the amount on hand for this endeavor. The Lagrange Multipliers are all
zero, which reflects the lack of urgency in acquiring more lawyers, guns, and money. Since Zevon is not
using all that they already have, there is no benefit to acquiring any more of these resources.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 494
Section Heading: Solution of Nonlinear Programming Problems with Excel
Keywords: nonlinear programming, model formulation
AACSB: Analytical thinking

10
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
52) The model was entered into an Excel spreadsheet and the table below shows part of the sensitivity
report. Calculate the expected per unit profit for the three services.

Variable Cells
Final Reduced
Cell Name Value Gradient
$C$3 P1_ 45.5694 0
$D$3 P2_ 51.5 0
$E$3 P3_ 58.8929 0

Answer: The model provides a solution that calls for only a sale price for P 1 of $45.57 - coupled with its
price of $2.25 means they make $43.32 per unit of X1. For item X2, the optimal price is $51.50, less the cost
of $3, means Zevon makes $48.50 per unit. Finally, X3 will sell for $58.89, less the price of $3.50 means
they realize a profit of $55.39 per unit.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 494
Section Heading: Solution of Nonlinear Programming Problems with Excel
Keywords: nonlinear programming, model formulation
AACSB: Analytical thinking

53) The model was entered into an Excel spreadsheet and the table below shows part of the answer
report. Provide an interpretation.

Constraints
Cell Name Cell Value Formula Status Slack
$F$8 Lawyers 1358.906273 $F$8<=$I$8 Not Binding 3641.093727
$F$9 Guns 2573.031361 $F$9<=$I$9 Not Binding 7426.968639
$F$10 Money 2523.937562 $F$10<=$I$10 Not Binding 12476.06244

Answer: The model provides a solution that calls for only 1359 lawyers out of the 5000 available,
meaning Zevon has 3641 lawyers that are not assigned to this model. Similarly, only 2573 guns and
$2,523,973.56 are needed out of the 10,000 guns and $15,000,000 available to them.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 494
Section Heading: Solution of Nonlinear Programming Problems with Excel
Keywords: nonlinear programming, model formulation
AACSB: Analytical thinking

11
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
54) The model was entered into an Excel spreadsheet and the table below shows the answer report in its
entirety. Show how the profit is calculated.

Objective Cell (Max)

Cell Name Original Value Final Value
$F$4 Profit $5,638.13 $22,018.33

Variable Cells
Cell Name Original Value Final Value Integer
$C$3 P1_ $10.00 $45.57 Contin
$D$3 P2_ $10.00 $51.50 Contin
$E$3 P3_ $10.00 $58.89 Contin

Constraints
Cell Name Cell Value Formula Status Slack
$F$8 Lawyers 1358.91 $F$8<=$I$8 Not Binding 3641.09
$F$9 Guns 2573.03 $F$9<=$I$9 Not Binding 7426.97
$F$10 Money 2523.94 $F$10<=$I$10 Not Binding 12476.06

Answer: The profit is a function of quantity sold and price, with the quantity sold a function of price.

The X1 product has a demand of 200 - 2.25 × 45.57 = 97

The X2 product has a demand of 300 - 3 × 51.50 = 146
The X3 product has a demand of 400 - 3.5 × 58.89 = 194

The profit per X1 is $45.57 - 2.25 = $43.32

The profit per X2 is $51.50 - 3 = $48.50
The profit per X3 is $58.89 - 3.5 = $55.39

So 97 × $43.32 + 146 × $48.50 + 194 × 55.39 = $22,018.33

Diff: 1 Page Ref: 494
Section Heading: Solution of Nonlinear Programming Problems with Excel
Keywords: nonlinear programming, model formulation
AACSB: Analytical thinking

12
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
55) The analytics gurus at Zevon realize that they had misformulated their demand curves. They now
believe that demand for X1 is given by 1000 - 2.25p1, demand for X2 is given by 2000 - 3p2, and demand
for X3 is given by 3000 - 3.5p3. This model is entered in Excel and the sensitivity report contains the
following:

Constraints
Final Lagrange
Cell Name Value Multiplier
$F$8 Lawyers 5000.00 101.052
$F$9 Guns 9275.74 0
$F$10 Money 9213.49 0

Provide an interpretation of all elements.

Answer: The only resource that Zevon could use more of is lawyers; the final value is 5000, which
exhausts their entire supply. If additional lawyers could be retained for less than $101.05, then Zevon
should pursue this possibility. There is no information available as to the range for the validity of this
$101.05. The guns resource has only 725 units remaining and the money resource has $5,800 left. When
one of those two resources is exhausted, the lawyer Lagrange multiplier will likely not be valid.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 494
Section Heading: Solution of Nonlinear Programming Problems with Excel
Keywords: nonlinear programming, model formulation
AACSB: Analytical thinking

13
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Mad Over Donuts
An entrepreneurial resident of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area is interested in securing a new
franchise for Mad Over Donuts. Ideally this franchise would be centrally located so delivery could be
economically handled and all citizens could enjoy fresh, delicious donuts delivered to the doorstep. The
main cities and anticipated demand (in thousands per day) are shown in the table.

City x-coord y-coord Demand

Jones 6 28 45
Luther 13 35 56
Harrah 12 22 30
Edmond 0 32 25
Norman 2 0 33
Moore 3 8 22

56) What is the appropriate objective function for this scenario?

Answer: The objective function is:
Min Z =

where d=

and t = the number of trips (demand)

i
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 499
Section Heading: Nonlinear Model Examples
Keywords: nonlinear programming
AACSB: Analytical thinking

57) What are the appropriate constraints for this scenario?

Answer: There are no constraints for this model. It is a nonlinear unconstrained optimization problem.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 500
Section Heading: Nonlinear Model Examples
Keywords: nonlinear programming
AACSB: Analytical thinking

58) Zoey's Catnip Toys faces the following relationship between price and demand: v = 2000 - 200p. The
fixed cost is $500 and variable cost is $1. Write an expression for the total profit.
Answer: Z = 2200p - 200p2 - 2500
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 487
Section Heading: Nonlinear Profit Analysis
Keywords: obj function of nonlinear prog problem, calculation of obj function
AACSB: Analytical thinking

59) Zoey's Catnip Toys faces the following relationship between price and demand: v = 2000 - 200p. The
fixed cost is $500 and variable cost is $1. What price should Zoey charge to maximize profit?
Answer: $5.50
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 489
Section Heading: Nonlinear Profit Analysis
Keywords: solution to constrained nonlinear program
AACSB: Analytical thinking
14
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Sara's Sensible Critters makes two kinds of catnip toys: balls (x1) and mice (x2). The relationship between
demand and price for balls and mice is:

x1 = 1800 - 150p1
x2 = 1500 - 300p2

The cost for a catnip ball is $2 and for the mouse, $3.
Sara has only 200 ounces of catnip on hand. A ball uses a tenth of an ounce and a toy mouse uses one-
quarter of an ounce.

60) Write the formulation for this problem

Answer: Max Z = (p1 - 2)x1 + (p2 - 3)x2
s.t. 0.10x1 + 0.25x2 ≤ 200
Alternatively, Z = 2100p1 - 150p12 - 2400p2 - 300p22 - 8100
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 490
Section Heading: Constrained Optimization
Keywords: solution to constrained nonlinear program
AACSB: Analytical thinking

61) Determine the prices that Sara should charge to maximize profit.
Answer: p1 = 7 p2 = 4
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 490
Section Heading: Constrained Optimization
Keywords: solution to constrained nonlinear program
AACSB: Analytical thinking

62) Sara has found an unlimited source of catnip so that is no longer a constraint. However, customer
demand dictates that she produce 2.5 times more catnip balls than mice. Write the new constraint.
Answer: x1 = 2.5x2 OR x1 -2.5x2 = 0
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 490
Section Heading: Constrained Optimization
Keywords: solution to constrained nonlinear program
AACSB: Analytical thinking

63) Sara has found an unlimited source of catnip so that is no longer a constraint. However, customer
demand dictates that she produce 2.5 times more catnip balls than mice. How will this impact the prices
that she should charge to maximize profit?
Answer: There is no impact. Prices remain the same. Note: The optimal quantities are 750 balls and 300
mice for a profit of $4050.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 490
Section Heading: Constrained Optimization
Keywords: solution to constrained nonlinear program
AACSB: Analytical thinking

15
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
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 perpendiculum eius in imo
capricorni, | ad
dextram spectantis
(25)
librae, ad sinistram arietis
signum, ceteraque
inter
13 eorum spatia designata
sint, uti in caelo
videntur. igitur
cum sol fuerit in
capricorno, orbiculi
lingula | in maioris
241
tympani parte capricorni
cotidie singula
puncta tangens, 5
ad perpendiculum habens
aquae currentis
vehemens pondus,
celeriter per orbiculi
foramen id extrudit
ad vas,
quod excipiens eam, cum
brevi spatio
impletur, corripit
et | contrahit dierum spatia
et horarum. cum
 autem (5)
cotidiana versatione
minoris tympani
lingula ingreditur 10
in aquarii puncta, discedet
foramen a
perpendiculo et
aqua e vehementi cursu
cogetur tardius
emittere salientem.
ita quo minus celeri cursu
vas excipit aquam,
dilatat
14 horarum spatia. | aquarii
vero pisciumque
punctis uti (10)
gradibus scandens orbiculi
foramen in ariete
tangendo 15
octavam partem aqua
temperate salienti
praestat
aequinoctiales
horas. ab ariete per tauri et
geminorum spatia
ad summa cancri puncta
partis octavae
foramen se tympani
versationibus peragens et
 in | altitudinem eo
rediens (15)
viribus extenuatur, et ita
tardius fluendo
dilatat morando 20
spatia et efficit horas in
cancri signo
solstitiales. a cancro
cum proclinat et peragit
per leonem et
virginem ad librae
partis octavae puncta
revertendo et
gradatim corripiendo
spatia contrahit horas, et
ita perveniens | ad
puncta librae (20)
15 aequinoctiales rursus reddit
horas. per scorpionis
vero 25
spatia et sagittarii
proclivius deprimens
se foramen
rediensque
circumactione ad capricorni
partem viii,
restituitur
celeritate salientis ad
brumales horarum
brumales horarum
brevitates.
1 spectantes x.
2 signi x.
4 in capricorni orbiculo ligula
x.
5 parte & (et G) c. x.
7 advastū excipiens x.

9 dierum minoris spatia x.

10 maioris tympani lingula
(sic HG, ligula S)
ingrediatur in aquario
cuncta descendent (-
dænt H c) foramina
perpendiculo & aq⁊ (-ę
GS) v. c. cogitur x.
13 ita comminus S.
15 formamen H.

16 aquae (-ę GS) x.

18 se: seu x.
20 dilatat G: -tet (-t& H) HS.

21 cancri GSc: cancris HS.

24 spatio G.
25 aequinoctiales G: -lis HS.

26 radiensque G.
 q
27 viii. HG: octavam S.

Plain text
 | Quae sunt in
horologiorum
descriptionibus
rationes et (25)
apparatus ut sint ad usum
expeditiores quam
aptissime
potui perscripsi. restat
nunc de
machinationibus et
de
| earum principiis
ratiocinari. itaque de
his, ut corpus 242
emendatum architecturae
perficiatur,
insequenti volumine
5
incipiam scribere.

LIBER
DECIMUS.
1 | Nobili Graecorum et
ampla civitate
Ephesi lex vetusta
(5)
 (5)
dicitur a maioribus dura
conditione sed iure
esse
non iniquo constituta. nam
architectus cum
publicum 10
opus curandum recipit,
pollicetur quanto
sumptu id sit
futurum. tradita
aestimatione
magistratui bona
eius obligantur,
donec opus | sit perfectum.
absoluto autem,
cum (10)
ad dictum inpensa
respondit, decretis
et honoribus
ornatur.
item si non amplius quam
quarta ad
aestimationem 15
est adicienda, de publico
praestatur, neque
ulla
poena tenetur. cum vero
amplius quam
t i
 quarta in opere
consumitur, ex eius bonis
ad | perficiendum
pecunia exigitur.
(15)
2 utinam dii inmortales
fecissent ut ea lex
etiam
p. r. non modo publicis sed

etiam privatis
aedificiis esset 20
constituta. namque non
sine poena
grassarentur inperiti,
sed qui summa
doctrinarum
subtilitate essent
prudentes,
sine dubitatione
profiterentur
architecturam, |
neque patres (20)
familiarum inducerentur ad
infinitas sumptuum
profusiones
ut et e bonis eicerentur,
ipsique architecti
poenae timore 25
coacti diligentius modum
 inpensarum
ratiocinantes
explicarent,

8 graegorum H.
11 sumptui adsit (assit Gc) x.
15 post quarta ex v. 17
praesumit x (HSPvlG) in
opere consumitur (del.
Schneider, sicut cod. c et
qui ex hoc, h et m).
19 ut om. x. | &(et)iam P̅ r̅ . x
(populo romano ed.).
24 sumptū (ante corr.) G. |
p. & (et) ut ebonis x.

25 eiecerentur G (eic. Gc
EHS). | ipsique HS(Gc):
ipsisque EG. | poenae
(poene S) HS: poena E,
pęna G (pe̳ næ Gc).

Plain text
 uti patres familiarum ad id
quod
praeparavissent,
seu paulo amplius
adicientes, aedificia
expedirent. | nam
243
qui quadringenta ad opus
possunt parare, si
adicient
centum, habendo spem
perfectionis
delectationibus
tenentur,
qui autem adiectione
dimidia aut ampliore
sumptu 5
onerantur, amissa spe et
inpensa abiecta,
fractis rebus et
3 animis desi|stere coguntur.
nec solum id vitium
in aedificiis (5)
sed etiam in muneribus
quae a
magistratibus foro
gladiatorum scaenisque
ludorum dantur,
 quibus nec mora
neque expectatio
conceditur sed
necessitas finito
tempore 10
perficere cogit, id est sedes
spectaculorum
velorumque
inductiones
et ea | omnia quae
scaenicis moribus
per machinationem
(10)
ad spectationes populo
comparantur. in his
vero
opus est prudentia diligens
et ingenii doctissimi
cogitatum,
quod nihil eorum perficitur
sine machinatione
studiorumque 15
4 vario ac sollerti vigore.
igitur quoniam haec
ita
sunt tradita et constituta, |
non videtur esse
alienum uti (15)
caute summaque diligentia,
 antequam
instituantur opera,
eorum expediantur
rationes. ergo
quoniam neque lex
neque morum institutio id
potest cogere et
quotannis et 20
praetores et aediles
ludorum causa
machinationes
praeparare
debent, visum mihi est,
imperator, | non
esse alienum, (20)
quoniam de aedificiis in
prioribus
voluminibus exposui,
in hoc quod finitionem
summam corporis
habet constitutam,
quae sint principia
machinarum
ordinata praeceptis
25
explicare.

I Machina est continens e

materia coniunctio
 maximas
| ad onerum motus habens
virtutes. ea movetur
ex arte (25)
circulorum rotundationibus,
quam Graeci
κυκλικην κινηϲιν
appellant. est autem unum
genus scansorium
quod graece 30
ακροβατικον dicitur,
alteram spirabile
quod apud eos
3 quadraginta x.
9 scenicisque x.
11 inductiones sunt. & ea x
(-nes. sunt & ea E).
13 spectationes EG: -nis HS.
14 cogitata x.
21 machinationis (ips. corr.)
S c.
24 quod: qui x.
·ex
27 emateria HEG:  ̣m ateria S
(ex supra Sc).

28 arce S.
29 quam EG: quē H (q. gr.
om. S). | cyclicen cinesin
x.
31 acrobaticon x.

Plain text
 πνευματικον appellatur,
tertium tractorium,
id autem Graeci
| βαρουλκον vocitant.
scansorium autem
＜est cum＞
machinae 244
ita fuerunt conlocatae ut
ad altitudinem tignis
statutis
et transversariis conligatis
sine periculo
scandatur ad
apparatus
spectationem. at spirabile,
cum spiritus est
expressionibus 5
| inpulsus ut plagae
vocesque οργανικωϲ
exprimantur. (5)
2 tractorium vero cum onera
machinis
pertrahuntur
ut ad altitudinem sublata
conlocentur.
scansoria
ratio non arte sed audacia
gloriatur. ea
 catenationibus
et transversariis et plexis
conligationibus et
erismatorum 10
fulturis continetur. quae
autem | spiritus
potestate adsumit
(10)
ingressus, elegantes artis
subtilitatibus
consequetur
effectus. tractoria autem
maiores et
magnificentia plenas
habet ad utilitatem
opportunitates et in
agendo cum
prudentia
3 summas virtutes. ex his
sunt quae
μηχανικωϲ 15
alia οργανικωϲ moventur.
inter machinas et
organa | id (15)
videtur esse discrimen
quod machinae
pluribus operis ac
vi maiore coguntur effectus
habere, uti ballistae
 torculariorumque
prela. organa autem unius
operae prudenti
tactu perficiunt quod est
propositum, uti
scorpionis seu 20
anisocyclorum versationes.
ergo et organa et
machinarum
ratio ad | usum sunt
necessaria, sine
quibus nulla res (20)
4 potest esse non inpedita.
omnis autem est
machinatio
rerum natura procreata ac
praeceptrice et
magistra mundi
versatione instituta. |
namque
animadvertamus
primum et 245
aspiciamus continentem
solis lunae quinque
etiam stellarum 26
1 pneumaticon x.
2 baruıſon x. | scansorū autē
(aū S) machinae(ę) x.
4 scandaṇ̇ tur G.
5 spectatione ut spirabile (G,
-lē H, -lem S) x. | est: &
(et G) x.
6 ut: & x. | organicos x.
7 tracṭạ̈ torıū H.
8 ut S(Gc): aut HG.
10 et transversariis et plexis
conligationibus G: om.
HS. | chrismatorū x.
11 continentur x. | potestatē
x.
12 consequetur G: -entur
HS.
e
15 me(ạ G)chanicos x.
16 organicos x.
17 operibus (-ib;) ut vi x.

18 hab& (-et G) uti SG,

habeuti H. | uallistae HG
(balistę S).
 (balistę S).
20 scorpiones (ante ips.
corr.) S. | seu latinis
osci(y S)clorū x (sc.
HLlcGS, sed lationis
osciclorum P, lationis
cyclorum v).
25 Namque enim (enī H)
advertamus HG, Nam ni
adv. S.

Plain text
naturam, ＜quae ni＞
machinata
versarentur, non
habuissemus
interdum lucem nec
fructuum
maturitates. cum
ergo maiores haec ita esse
ani|madvertissent, e
rerum (5)
natura sumpserunt
exempla et ea
imitantes inducti
rebus
divinis commodas vitae
perfecerunt
explicationes. itaque
5
comparaverunt, ut essent
expeditiora, alia
machinis et
earum versationibus,
nonnulla organis, et
ita quae
animadverterunt
ad usum utilia esse studiis
artium | institutis,
(10)
5 gradatim augenda doctrinis
curaverunt.
attendamus
enim primum inventum de
necessitate, ut
vestitus,
quemadmodum 10
telarum organicis
administrationibus
conexus
staminis ad subtemen non
modo corpora
tegendo tueatur
sed etiam ornatus adiciat
honestatem. cibi
vero non
habuis|semus (15)
abundantiam, nisi iuga et
aratra bubus
iumentisque
omnibus essent inventa.
sucularumque et
prelorum 15
et vectium si non fuisset
torculariis
praeparatio, neque
olei nitorem neque vitium
fructum habere
potuissemus ad
 iucunditatem,
portationesque
eorum non essent
nisi plostrorum
| seu serracorum per
terram, navicularum
per (20)
6 aquam inventae essent
machinationes.
trutinarum vero 20
librarumque ponderibus
examinatio reperta
vindicat ab iniquitate
iustis moribus vitam. non
minusque sunt
innumerabili
modo rationes
machinationum, de
quibus non necesse
videtur disputare, quoniam
| sunt ad manum
cotidianae, ut (25)
sunt molae folles fabrorum
raedae cisia torni
ceteraque quae 25
communes ad usum
consuetudinibus
habent
opportunitates.
opportunitates.
1 natura machinata HG,
naturam quam
machinata S.
2 fructū (-tum S) maturitatis
x.
8 artibus (-b;) x.
12 subtemen HS (L ,
subtegmen Pvlc),
suptemen G. | tueantur
x.
14 bubus: sic x (i. e. HLSG,
bobus Pvlc—item infra
250, 16. 251, 14).
16 torcularis (= riis) x.

18 plostrorum H (et ante ips.

corr.) S(LP): plaustrorum
GSc.
19 serracorum: sic x. cf.
sarraca αμαξα CGL ii,
678.
21 exanimatio G.

22 minus quae (quę SG) x. |

innumerabiles
moderationes G.
24 quoniam: qđ non H(LP)
24 quoniam: qđ non H(LP),
quod n̄ G.
25 motae (-ę GS) x. | raedę
G (redę Gc): redae HS.
sic iidem et 255, 20.
deinde p. 263, 11 reda
EG ubi raeda H. sed infra
p. 263, 13. 20. 264, 4. 9
per ae scribunt HG (reda
Gc).
26 oportunitates G(Sc):
opportunitatib; H(L) et
(oport.) S(Pvlc).

Plain text
 | Itaque incipiemus de is
quae raro veniunt ad
manus 246
II ut nota sint explicare.
primumque
instituemus de is
quae
aedibus sacris ad
operumque
publicorum
perfectionem
necessitate
comparantur, quae fiunt
ita. tigna duo ad
onerum
| magnitudinem ratione
expediuntur. a capite
ea fibula 5
coniuncta et in imo
divaricata eriguntur,
funibus in capitibus
conlocatis et circa dispositis
erecta retinentur.
alligatur
in summo troclea, quem
etiam nonnulli
rechamum
dicunt. in trocleam
 induntur orbiculi ＜ii
＞ per axiculos
versationes habentes. | per
orbiculum ＜
summum＞ traicitur
10
ductarius funis, deinde
demittitur et
traducitur circa
orbiculum
trocleae inferioris. refertur
autem ad orbiculum
imum trocleae superioris et
ita descendit ad
inferiorem
et in foramine eius
religatur. altera pars
funis refertur
2 inter imas machinae
partes. in quadris
autem | tignorum 15
posterioribus, quo loci sunt
divaricata, figuntur
chelonia,
in quae coiciuntur
sucularum capita ut
faciliter axes
versentur.
eae suculae proxime capita
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