1.

Parts of Speech

Parts of speech are the basic categories that words fall into based on their function in a
sentence. There are 8 main parts of speech:

1. Noun: A person, place, thing, or idea.

o Example: dog, school, happiness

Noun:

• Common Nouns: General names of things.

o Example: dog, car, house

• Proper Nouns: Specific names of people, places, or things (always capitalized).

o Example: John, Paris, iPhone

2. Pronoun: A word that takes the place of a noun.

o Example: he, she, it, they

o Sentence: "She is going to the market."

Personal Pronouns: Replace specific nouns.

• Example: I, you, he, she, it, we, they

• Sentence: "They are going to the party." ("They" replaces a group of people).

Possessive Pronouns: Show ownership.

• Example: my, his, her, their, our

• Sentence: "This is my book."

3. Verb: A word that shows action or being.

o Example: run, jump, is, are, play

o Sentence: "I run every morning."

4. Adjective: A word that describes a noun or pronoun.

o Example: beautiful, tall, blue, happy

o Sentence: "She wore a beautiful dress."

5. Adverb: A word that describes a verb, adjective, or another adverb.

o Example: quickly, very, too, softly

o Sentence: "He ran quickly."

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 6. Preposition: A word that shows the relationship between a noun (or pronoun)
and another word in the sentence.

o Example: in, on, at, under, between

o Sentence: "The cat is under the table."

7. Conjunction: A word that connects words, phrases, or clauses.

o Example: and, but, or, because, although

o Sentence: "I like ice cream, but I prefer cake."

8. Interjection: A word or phrase that expresses strong emotion or sudden feeling.

o Example: Wow! Oh! Ouch! Hey!

o Sentence: "Wow! That was amazing!"

2. Synonyms and Antonyms

• Synonyms: Words that have similar meanings.

o Example: happy and joyful are synonyms.

o Sentence: "She felt joyful after receiving the gift."

• Antonyms: Words that have opposite meanings.

o Example: happy and sad are antonyms.

o Sentence: "He felt sad after losing his keys."

3. Figurative Language and Expressions/Speech

Figurative language refers to the use of words or expressions with a meaning that is
different from the literal interpretation. These are used to make writing more vivid and
interesting.

• Simile: A comparison using "like" or "as".

o Example: "Her smile was as bright as the sun."

• Metaphor: A direct comparison between two things without using "like" or "as".

o Example: "Time is a thief."

• Personification: Giving human traits to non-human things.

o Example: "The wind whispered through the trees."

• Hyperbole: An exaggeration for emphasis or effect.

o Example: "I have a ton of homework!"

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 • Idiom: A phrase where the meaning is different from the literal words.

o Example: "It’s raining cats and dogs." (This means it’s raining heavily.)

4. Homonyms

Homonyms are words that have the same spelling or pronunciation but different
meanings. They can be classified into two categories:

• Homophones: Words that sound the same but have different meanings.

o Example: bare (without covering) and bear (the animal)

o Sentence: "I can't bear to go out in the bare cold."

• Homographs: Words that are spelled the same but have different meanings.

o Example: lead (to guide) and lead (a metal)

o Sentence: "He will lead the group to the lead mine."

Homophones (Words that sound the same but have different meanings):

• Bear (the animal) and bare (without covering)

o Sentence: "He saw a bear in the woods." vs "She walked barefoot on the
bare ground."

• Flower (a blooming plant) and flour (used in baking)

o Sentence: "She picked a beautiful flower." vs "I need flour for the cake."

Homographs (Words that are spelled the same but have different meanings):

• Lead (to guide) and Lead (a metal)

o Sentence: "He will lead the team." vs "The pipe is made of lead."

• Tear (to rip) and Tear (a drop of liquid from the eye)

o Sentence: "Please don't tear the paper." vs "A tear fell from her eye."

Homonyms (Same spelling or pronunciation, but different meanings)

1. Bat

o (The animal) The bat flew in the sky.

o (Sports equipment) He hit the ball with a bat.

2. Bear

o (The animal) I saw a bear in the forest.

o (To carry or support) I can’t bear the noise.

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 3. Bark

o (Sound a dog makes) The dog barked loudly.

o (Outer covering of a tree) The bark of the tree is rough.

4. Right

o (Correct) You got the right answer.

o (Direction) Turn right at the next corner.

5. Tear

o (To rip) Please don’t tear the paper.

o (A drop of water from the eye) She wiped a tear from her cheek.

6. Lead

o (To guide) She will lead the team.

o (A type of metal) The pipes are made of lead.

7. Close

o (Near) The school is close to my house.

o (To shut something) Please close the door.

8. Duck

o (The bird) The duck swam in the pond.

o (To lower your head quickly) He had to duck to avoid the low door.

9. Fine

o (Good or acceptable) The weather is fine today.

o (A fee for a wrongdoing) I had to pay a fine for parking illegally.

10. Wave

• (To move your hand to greet someone) She waved at me from across the street.

• (A moving swell of water) The boat rocked on the waves.

Homographs (Same spelling, but different meanings)

1. Wind

o (Moving air) The wind is blowing strongly.

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 o (To turn) Wind the clock every day.

2. Row

o (A line of things) There was a row of chairs in the room.

o (To paddle a boat) They rowed across the lake.

3. Lead

o (To guide) He will lead the way to the park.

o (A type of metal) The pipes are made of lead.

4. Tear

o (To rip) I will tear the paper into pieces.

o (A drop of liquid from the eye) She had a tear in her eye.

5. Bow

o (A curved weapon for shooting arrows) He used a bow and arrow to hunt.

o (To bend forward as a greeting) He gave a bow after the performance.

6. Contract

o (A written agreement) They signed a contract for the new job.

o (To become smaller) The cloth will contract when you wash it.

7. Bass

o (A type of fish) We caught a big bass in the lake.

o (A low-pitched sound or instrument) He plays the bass guitar in the band.

8. Object

o (A thing or item) The table was full of objects.

o (To oppose something) I object to this idea.

9. Live

o (To be alive) I live in New York.

o (Happening in real time) She gave a live performance.

10. Present

• (A gift) I received a present for my birthday.

• (To show or give something) She will present her findings tomorrow.

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5. Direct and Indirect Speech

• Direct Speech: When you report someone’s exact words, placed in quotation
marks.

o Example: "She said, 'I will go to the store.'"

• Indirect Speech: When you report what someone said without using quotation
marks, often changing the pronouns or verb tense.

o Example: She said that she would go to the store.

6. Tenses

Tenses show the time of an action or event. There are three main tenses:

• Present Tense: Describes actions happening now or regularly.

o Example: "I eat breakfast every morning."

o Subdivisions: Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect

• Past Tense: Describes actions that happened in the past.

o Example: "I ate breakfast yesterday."

o Subdivisions: Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect

• Future Tense: Describes actions that will happen.

o Example: "I will eat breakfast tomorrow."

o Subdivisions: Future Simple, Future Continuous, Future Perfect

Each tense has different forms, but the core idea is to express when the action is
happening: in the past, present, or future.

7. Degrees of Comparison

The degrees of comparison are used to show how two or more things compare to each
other. These are:

1. Positive Degree: Describes something in its basic form.

o Example: "She is tall."

2. Comparative Degree: Compares two things.

o Example: "She is taller than him."

3. Superlative Degree: Compares more than two things, showing the highest
degree.

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 o Example: "She is the tallest of all."

The changes to form the comparative and superlative degrees often depend on the
adjective:

• For adjectives with one syllable, add “-er” for the comparative and “-est” for the
superlative.

o Example: fast → faster → fastest

• For adjectives with two syllables, you usually use “more” or “most.”

o Example: beautiful → more beautiful → most beautiful

• For adjectives with three or more syllables, you use “more” and “most.”

o Example: expensive → more expensive → most expensive

a) Language, Comprehension, Visual Text, Summary

• Language: Refers to the use of words, sentence structures, and grammar in

communication.

• Comprehension: The ability to understand and interpret written or spoken

material. In exams, this often involves reading a passage and answering
questions about it.

o Example: You might be asked, "What is the main idea of the passage?" or
"What does the character's action suggest?"

• Visual Text: These are texts that contain images, charts, graphs, or other visual
elements to support the message.

o Example: A poster with information about healthy eating, where the

pictures and words work together to explain the topic.

• Summary: A brief overview of the main points of a text, presented in a shorter

form.

o Example: After reading a story, you might be asked to summarize it by

mentioning the most important events in a few sentences.

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Section A: Parts of Speech (10 marks)

Instructions:
Identify the part of speech for the underlined word in each sentence. Write your answer
clearly.

1. (2 marks)
She quickly ran to the store.
What part of speech is "quickly"?

2. (2 marks)
The dog chased the ball in the yard.
What part of speech is "the"?

3. (2 marks)
They were excited about the upcoming trip.
What part of speech is "excited"?

4. (2 marks)
The teacher gave us an interesting assignment.
What part of speech is "interesting"?

5. (2 marks)
He jumped over the puddle.
What part of speech is "over"?

Section B: Synonyms and Antonyms (10 marks)

Instructions:
For each word, write one synonym and one antonym.

1. (2 marks)
Word: Happy

o Synonym: ______

o Antonym: ______

2. (2 marks)
Word: Fast

o Synonym: ______

o Antonym: ______

3. (2 marks)
Word: Large

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 o Synonym: ______

o Antonym: ______

4. (2 marks)
Word: Difficult

o Synonym: ______

o Antonym: ______

5. (2 marks)
Word: Bright

o Synonym: ______

o Antonym: ______

Section C: Figurative Language and Expressions (10 marks)

Instructions:
Identify the type of figurative language used in the sentences below (simile, metaphor,
personification, or idiom). Write the name of the figurative language and explain its
meaning.

1. (2 marks)
“The wind was a howling wolf in the night.”

o Type of figurative language: ______

o Meaning: ______

2. (2 marks)
“She was as busy as a bee.”

o Type of figurative language: ______

o Meaning: ______

3. (2 marks)
“The classroom was a zoo during break time.”

o Type of figurative language: ______

o Meaning: ______

4. (2 marks)
“He has a heart of gold.”

o Type of figurative language: ______

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 o Meaning: ______

5. (2 marks)
“Don’t cry over spilled milk.”

o Type of figurative language: ______

o Meaning: ______

Section D: Homonyms (5 marks)

Instructions:
Identify the correct meaning of the homonym in each sentence. Write the letter of the
correct answer.

1. (1 mark)
"The bark of the tree was rough."

o a) The sound a dog makes

o b) The outer covering of a tree

2. (1 mark)
"I cannot bear to see him sad."

o a) The animal

o b) To carry or support

3. (1 mark)
"He has a right to speak."

o a) Correct

o b) A direction

4. (1 mark)
"She will close the window."

o a) To shut

o b) Near

5. (1 mark)
"The boat sailed on the wave."

o a) A moving swell of water

o b) To greet someone with a hand

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Section E: Direct and Indirect Speech (5 marks)

Instructions:
Rewrite the following sentences from direct speech to indirect speech and vice versa.

1. (2 marks)
Direct: "I am going to the park," said Lisa.
Indirect: ___________________________________________

2. (2 marks)
Indirect: He asked me if I wanted to join the team.
Direct: ___________________________________________

3. (1 mark)
"Close the door," said the teacher.
Indirect: ___________________________________________

Section F: Tenses (5 marks)

Instructions:
Choose the correct tense for the sentence and write the answer in the blank space.

1. (1 mark)
By the time we arrive, she (will have finished / finished) the assignment.

2. (1 mark)
I (am studying / have studied) for two hours now.

3. (1 mark)
Yesterday, we (will go / went) to the zoo.

4. (1 mark)
By the end of this year, I (will complete / will have completed) my project.

5. (1 mark)
He (is playing / plays) football right now.

Section G: Degrees of Comparison (5 marks)

Instructions:
Rewrite the following sentences using the correct form of the adjective (positive,
comparative, or superlative).

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 1. (1 mark)
This book is (interesting) than the other one.

o Correct form: ______

2. (1 mark)
John is the (tall) student in our class.

o Correct form: ______

3. (1 mark)
This movie is (good) than the last one we watched.

o Correct form: ______

4. (1 mark)
She is the (beautiful) singer in the competition.

o Correct form: ______

5. (1 mark)
I am (happy) than I was last week.

o Correct form: ______

Section H: Language, Comprehension, Visual Text, and Summary (5 marks)

Instructions:
Read the short passage below and answer the questions that follow.

Passage:
"Max was excited as he entered the competition. He had practiced for weeks and was
determined to win. When the judge called his name, he was thrilled. The other
contestants were equally good, but Max knew that he had done his best."

1. (1 mark)
What is the main idea of the passage?

2. (1 mark)
Why was Max excited?

3. (1 mark)
How did Max feel when his name was called?

4. (1 mark)
Was Max the only one who practiced for the competition? Explain.

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 5. (1 mark)
In one sentence, summarize the passage.

Mark Allocation:

• Section A: Parts of Speech – 10 marks

• Section B: Synonyms and Antonyms – 10 marks

• Section C: Figurative Language and Expressions – 10 marks

• Section D: Homonyms – 5 marks

• Section E: Direct and Indirect Speech – 5 marks

• Section F: Tenses – 5 marks

• Section G: Degrees of Comparison – 5 marks

• Section H: Language, Comprehension, Visual Text, and Summary – 5 marks

Total Marks: 50

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Mental Maths

Definition: Mental maths involves doing calculations without using a calculator, paper,
or pen. It's all about using your brain to do simple arithmetic quickly and accurately.

Key Strategies:

• Addition: Break up numbers to make them easier to add.

o Example: 38 + 27 → (30 + 20) + (8 + 7) = 50 + 15 = 65.

• Subtraction: Use number bonds or break down numbers.

o Example: 75 - 28 → (70 - 20) - (5 - 8) = 50 - 3 = 47.

• Multiplication: Use multiplication tables and properties of numbers.

o Example: 6 × 9 = 54 (use multiplication facts).

• Division: Break numbers into smaller parts that are easier to divide.

o Example: 64 ÷ 8 → 8 times 8 = 64.

Ordering and Comparing Numbers

Definition: Ordering numbers means arranging them from smallest to largest or largest
to smallest. Comparing numbers means identifying which number is bigger or smaller.

How to compare numbers:

• Use the greater than (>), less than (<), or equal to (=) symbols to compare two
numbers.

Examples:

• 25 < 30 (25 is less than 30)

• 50 = 50 (both numbers are equal)

• 75 > 60 (75 is greater than 60)

How to order numbers:

• Ascending order: Arrange from smallest to largest.

o Example: 12, 25, 38, 50

• Descending order: Arrange from largest to smallest.

o Example: 50, 38, 25, 12

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Prime Numbers

Definition: A prime number is a number greater than 1 that can only be divided by 1
and itself.

Example:

• 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17 are prime numbers.

• 4, 6, 8, 9 are not prime numbers because they can be divided by numbers other
than 1 and themselves.

Rounding Off to the Nearest 5, 10, 100, and 1000

What is rounding off?

Rounding off means adjusting a number to a nearby, more convenient value, making it
easier to work with.

Why do we round off?

We round off numbers to simplify calculations, especially when working with large
numbers.

How to round off:

1. Rounding to the nearest 5: Look at the last digit.

o If it’s 1, 2, 3, or 4, round down.

o If it’s 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9, round up.

o Example: 12 → nearest 5 is 10, 17 → nearest 5 is 20.

2. Rounding to the nearest 10: Look at the last digit.

o If it's 5 or more, round up.

o If it’s less than 5, round down.

o Example: 46 → nearest 10 is 50, 33 → nearest 10 is 30.

3. Rounding to the nearest 100: Look at the tens digit.

o Example: 245 → nearest 100 is 200, 789 → nearest 100 is 800.

4. Rounding to the nearest 1000: Look at the hundreds digit.

o Example: 2873 → nearest 1000 is 3000, 1586 → nearest 1000 is 2000.

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Order of Operations (BODMAS)

What does BODMAS mean? BODMAS is an acronym that helps remember the order in
which calculations should be done:

• Brackets

• Order (exponents, i.e., powers and square roots)

• Division

• Multiplication

• Addition

• Subtraction

How to apply BODMAS:

1. Brackets: Always solve anything inside brackets first.

2. Order: Next, solve powers or roots (like square roots).

3. Division and Multiplication: From left to right.

4. Addition and Subtraction: From left to right.

Example: xample: 3+5×2

Step 1: First, multiply 5 and 2 → 5×2=10
Step 2: Now, add 3 → 3+10=13

Properties of Whole Numbers (Commutative, Associative, Distributive)

Commutative Property:

• Addition: a+b=b

• Multiplication: a×b=b

Example:
3+5=8
2×4=4×2=82

Associative Property:

• Addition: (a+b)+c=a+(b+c)

• Multiplication: (a×b)×c=a×(b×c)

Example:
(2+3)+4=2+(3+4)=9
(2×3)×4=2×(3×4)=24

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Distributive Property:

• Multiplication over addition: a×(b+c)=a×b+a×C

• Example:
3×(4+5)=3×4+3×5=12+15=27

Properties of 0 and 1

Properties of 0:

• Addition: Any number + 0 = the number itself.

o Example: 5+0=5

• Multiplication: Any number × 0 = 0.

o Example: 7×0=0

Properties of 1:

• Multiplication: Any number × 1 = the number itself.

o Example: 8×1=8

• Division: Any number ÷ 1 = the number itself.

o Example: 12÷1=12

Calculations of Whole Numbers (Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, and

Division)

Addition: Combine two or more numbers.

• Example: 27+15=42

Subtraction: Take one number away from another.

• Example: 50−18=32

Multiplication: Repeated addition.

• Example: 6×4=24

Division: Split a number into equal parts.

• Example: 36÷6=6
•

Multiples and Factors

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What are Factors?

• Factors are numbers that divide exactly into another number.

• Example: Factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12.

What are Multiples?

• Multiples are the result of multiplying a number by an integer.

• Example: Multiples of 3 are 3, 6, 9, 12, 15....

Difference Between Factors and Multiples:

• Factors divide into a number.

• Multiples are the results of multiplying a number.

Prime Factors

Definition: Prime factors are the prime numbers that divide into a number exactly.

Example:
Prime factors of 12:

• Start with 2 (smallest prime), 12 ÷ 2 = 6

• 6÷2=3

• 3÷3=1
Prime factors of 12 are 2, 2, 3.

Rate and Ratios

Rate: A rate compares two quantities with different units.

• Example: Speed is a rate. "60 km/h" means 60 kilometers per hour.

Ratio: A ratio compares two quantities.

• Example: The ratio of boys to girls in a class is 3:2, meaning for every 3 boys,
there are 2 girls.

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Problem Solving in the Financial Context

Cost: The total price of something.

• Example: If you buy 3 apples at 5 rand each, the total cost is 3×5=15 rand.

Profit: The money made from selling an item, after subtracting the cost.

• Example: If you bought a pencil for 2 rand and sold it for 5 rand, the profit is
5−2=3 rand.

Loss: When you sell an item for less than its cost.

• Example: If you bought a notebook for 10 rand and sold it for 7 rand, you made a
loss of 10−7=3 rand.

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Grade 7 English Language Activity - Memorandum

Section A: Parts of Speech (10 marks)

1. (2 marks)
Quickly is an Adverb because it describes how the action (ran) is performed.

2. (2 marks)
The is a Pronoun because it specifies the noun (dog) in the sentence.

3. (2 marks)
Excited is an Adjective because it describes the feeling of the subject (they).

4. (2 marks)
Interesting is an Adjective because it describes the assignment.

5. (2 marks)
Over is a Preposition because it shows the relationship between "jumped" and "the puddle."

Section B: Synonyms and Antonyms (10 marks)

1. (2 marks)

o Synonym: Joyful

o Antonym: Sad

2. (2 marks)

o Synonym: Rapid

o Antonym: Slow

3. (2 marks)

o Synonym: Huge

o Antonym: Small

4. (2 marks)

o Synonym: Hard

o Antonym: Easy

5. (2 marks)

o Synonym: Radiant

o Antonym: Dim

Section C: Figurative Language and Expressions (10 marks)

1. (2 marks)
“The wind was a howling wolf in the night.”

o Type: Metaphor

o Meaning: The wind is being compared to a wolf, implying it was loud and fierce.

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 2. (2 marks)
“She was as busy as a bee.”

o Type: Simile

o Meaning: She was very busy, like a bee working nonstop.

3. (2 marks)
“The classroom was a zoo during break time.”

o Type: Metaphor

o Meaning: The classroom was extremely noisy and chaotic, like a zoo.

4. (2 marks)
“He has a heart of gold.”

o Type: Metaphor

o Meaning: He is a very kind and generous person.

5. (2 marks)
“Don’t cry over spilled milk.”

o Type: Idiom

o Meaning: Don’t worry or get upset about something that cannot be fixed.

Section D: Homonyms (5 marks)

1. (1 mark)
"The bark of the tree was rough."

o b) The outer covering of a tree

2. (1 mark)
"I cannot bear to see him sad."

o b) To carry or support

3. (1 mark)
"He has a right to speak."

o a) Correct

4. (1 mark)
"She will close the window."

o a) To shut

5. (1 mark)
"The boat sailed on the wave."

o a) A moving swell of water

Section E: Direct and Indirect Speech (5 marks)

1. (2 marks)
Direct: "I am going to the park," said Lisa.
Indirect: Lisa said that she was going to the park.

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 2. (2 marks)
Indirect: He asked me if I wanted to join the team.
Direct: "Do you want to join the team?" he asked me.

3. (1 mark)
"Close the door," said the teacher.
Indirect: The teacher told me to close the door.

Section F: Tenses (5 marks)

1. (1 mark)
By the time we arrive, she (will have finished) the assignment.

2. (1 mark)
I (have studied) for two hours now.

3. (1 mark)
Yesterday, we (went) to the zoo.

4. (1 mark)
By the end of this year, I (will have completed) my project.

5. (1 mark)
He (is playing) football right now.

Section G: Degrees of Comparison (5 marks)

1. (1 mark)
This book is more interesting than the other one.

2. (1 mark)
John is the tallest student in our class.

3. (1 mark)
This movie is better than the last one we watched.

4. (1 mark)
She is the most beautiful singer in the competition.

5. (1 mark)
I am happier than I was last week.

Section H: Language, Comprehension, Visual Text, and Summary (5 marks)

1. (1 mark)
Main idea: Max is excited about the competition and feels confident after practicing for weeks.

2. (1 mark)
Why was Max excited?
He was excited because he had practiced for weeks and was ready for the competition.

3. (1 mark)
How did Max feel when his name was called?
Max felt thrilled and excited when his name was called.

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4. (1 mark)
Was Max the only one who practiced for the competition?
No, the other contestants were also good, but Max felt that he had done his best.

5. (1 mark)
Summary:
Max was excited for the competition after practicing for weeks. When he heard his name called, he felt
thrilled, knowing he had done his best.

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