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5th-report

airport engineering

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2 views

5th-report

airport engineering

Uploaded by

A L I
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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AIRPORT FACILITIES

A. Non-Towered Airport
Nontowered airports are those airports that are not served by operating air traffic
control (ATC) non-towered airports are much more common than towered airports. Most
operations in all types of aircraft are conducted at non-towered airports in a variety of
weather conditions. The process works because pilots put safety first and use
recommended procedures. Right-of-way rules, along with nontowered airport traffic
patterns and procedures, exist to prevent collisions in the air and on the ground.

B. Towered Airport
Every year, there are more than 40 million arrivals and departures at FAA
(Federal Aviation Administration) ATC towered airports. Nearly half of these are general
aviation operations. Two things distinguish between a towered airport. One is the
presence of air traffic controllers (ATC), whose primary function is to coordinate traffic
flow and prevent collisions. The second is that a pilot must maintain two-way radio
contact with ATC and obtain clearances to land, taxi, and take-off.

Air Traffic Control


A service provided by the traffic controllers who direct aircraft on the
ground and through a given section of controlled airspace. Air Traffic Control can
also provide advisory service to aircraft in Non-Towered Airports. recommended
procedures. Air Traffic Controllers monitor the location of aircraft in their assigned
airspace by radar and communicate with the pilots by radio

C. Power Supply and Power Distribution


The power supply and distribution system of an airport is a critical infrastructure
designed to ensure uninterrupted operation of all airport facilities. The primary source of
electrical power is typically the national or regional power grid, from which the airport
receives high-voltage electricity through dedicated transmission lines. This power enters
the airport grounds via an on-site high-voltage substation, which steps down the voltage
to appropriate levels for distribution throughout various airport systems. These
substations are equipped with transformers, switchgear, and circuit breakers, and they
often have redundant feeds to ensure continuous service even in case of failure in one
part of the system.

D. Water and Sewage


The water supply and sewage systems of an airport are essential utilities that
support both daily operations and passenger comfort. Airports receive their water supply
from the local municipal system or, in some cases, from dedicated wells or reservoirs
maintained by the airport authority. This water is treated and distributed through an
internal piping network to serve various needs, including restrooms, restaurants, fire
suppression systems, cooling systems, aircraft washing stations, and other operational
facilities. Large airports often have onsite water storage tanks and pump stations to
ensure consistent pressure and availability, even during peak usage or supply
disruptions.
SPECIAL AIRPORT SYSTEMS
Special Airport Systems define the technical infrastructure, facilities and
interfaces that systematically will achieve safe, secure and comfortable departure,
landing and ground handling for aircraft and passengers/baggage boarding and de-
boarding processes.

A. Airfield Lighting Control and Monitoring System (ALCMS)


The ALCMS is designed for the visual guidance of pilots to promote and upgrade
navigational awareness via lights. This particular system is also integrated with airfield
surveillance that supports the seamless functioning of ALCMS. Also, it is designed to
effectively control various airfield lighting systems.

Types of Airport Ground Lights

1. Approach Lights
The purpose of the ALS (Approach Lighting System) is to help the pilot to
identify the location of the runway in low visibility conditions. The approach lights
are white or red in color, with steady or flashing.

2. PAPI Lights
PAPI (or Precision Approach Path Indicators) are white-red lights that
identify glide paths. PAPI light consists of four projectors that change color from
white to red depending on the angle the pilot sees the lights. The correct glide
path is when two lights are red, and two lights are white.

3. Runway Threshold Lights


Threshold lights are green color airfield lights and unidirectional type.
These are installed at the beginning of the part of a runway where aircraft can do
touchdown.
4. Touchdown Zone Lights
Touchdown zone lights are installed on some precision approach runways
to indicate the touchdown zone when landing under adverse visibility conditions.
They consist of two rows of transverse light bars disposed symmetrically about
the runway centerline.

5. Runway Edge Lights


These are one of the most important lights in any airfield lighting system;
that’s why they are the brightest lights on the airfield. The lights are white, yellow,
and red colors. Yellow and red lights are located closer to the runway end.

6. Runway Centerline Lights


Runway centerline lights are white color steady inset lights located on the
center of a runway. They help pilots to keep the airplane in the central part when
moving on the runway.

7. Runway End Lights


Runway end lights are red colored steady lights that indicate the end of
the runway. For pilots, reaching red lights means that they cannot continue
aircraft movement behind these lights

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