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Networking Notes Basic to Advanced

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6 views3 pages

Networking Notes Basic to Advanced

Uploaded by

abudaput99
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Computer Networking Notes (Basic to Advanced)

1. Networking ka Taruf (Introduction)

Networking ka matlab hai do ya zyada computers ko aapas mein jorna taake wo data ya resources

(jaise printer, internet) share kar saken. Example: Office ke sare computers ek network se

connected hote hain.

2. Types of Networks

LAN (Local Area Network): Choti jagah, jaise ghar ya school.

MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Shehar ka network.

WAN (Wide Area Network): Mulk ya duniya bhar mein phaila network, jaise Internet.

3. Network Devices

Router: Devices ko internet se connect karta hai.

Switch: Devices ko aapas mein connect karta hai.

Hub: Poori network mein data bhejta hai (kam secure).

4. IP Addressing

Har device ka unique address hota hai. Example: 192.168.1.1 (IPv4). IPv6 zyada lambay aur naye

addresses hotay hain.

5. Subnetting

Subnetting se hum ek bade network ko chhote parts mein divide kar sakte hain. Example:

192.168.1.0/24 ko do subnets mein divide karna.

6. OSI Model

7 layers hoti hain: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application. Har

layer ka apna kaam hota hai.

7. TCP/IP Model

Ye 4 layers ka model hai: Network Access, Internet, Transport, Application. Ye real world mein use
hota hai.

8. Protocols

Rules jo data send/receive karne ke liye use hote hain. Examples:

HTTP (Web), FTP (Files), TCP (Reliable), UDP (Fast).

9. DNS, DHCP, NAT, VPN

DNS: Name ko IP mein badalta hai.

DHCP: Automatically IP deta hai.

NAT: Private IPs ko public bana kar Internet se connect karta hai.

VPN: Secure connection deta hai.

10. Wireless Networks

Wi-Fi: Wireless internet.

Bluetooth: Short range communication (jaise mobile aur headphones).

11. Network Security

Unauthorized access ko rokna. Strong passwords, firewalls aur antivirus zaroori hote hain.

12. Firewalls, Antivirus, Encryption

Firewall: Unwanted traffic ko block karta hai.

Antivirus: Viruses ko detect aur remove karta hai.

Encryption: Data ko secure banata hai.

13. Network Commands

ping: connectivity check karta hai.

tracert: route trace karta hai.

ipconfig: IP details dikhata hai.

14. Client-Server vs Peer-to-Peer

Client-Server: Central server se data milta hai (e.g., website).

Peer-to-Peer: Sab devices equal hoti hain (e.g., file sharing).


15. Network Problems & Solutions

No internet: Router restart karein.

Slow speed: Devices kam karein.

IP conflict: IP change karein.

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