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SUMMARY NOTES - MEASUREMENT

CONVERSION OF UNITS

1. Below is a mnemonic that can help you recall metric units of length/distance in descending order.
2. The first letter of each word is the first letter of a unit.
3. Fill in the units and their corresponding symbols.

Kick _______________________________________________________
Him________________________________________________________
Down ______________________________________________________
Mister _____________________________________________________
Don’t ______________________________________________________
Commit ____________________________________________________
Murder _____________________________________________________

Fill in the symbols for the units above in descending order on the line below.

Examples
A. Convert the following units as indicated.
1. 10 km = ________________________________ = _______________________ m
2. 5007 cm = ________________________________ = ______________________ km
3. 8.5 hm = __________________________________ = _____________________ km
4. 76.5 cm = __________________________________ = ____________________ mm
5. 27.5 m = ___________________________________ = ____________________ cm

B. Convert the following square units as indicated.

1. 704.35 cm2 = ______________________________ = ______________________ m2
2. 904.75 km2 = ______________________________ = ____________________ dam2
3. 5012 mm2 = _________________________ = ___________________________ cm2
4. 0.0256 km2 = _________________________ = ___________________________ m2
5. 8120.5 cm2 = ________________________ = ___________________________ mm2
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SURFACE AREA OF SOLIDS

1. A solid is a three-dimensional figure.

2. Examples of solids include prisms, pyramids, cylinders, cones and spheres.

PRISMS

1. A prism is a solid that has

a. two identical ends (bases)
b. flat faces (surfaces), and
c. a uniform cross-section across its length.

two identical ends (bases) and flat faces (surfaces) of a prism

uniform cross-section of prisms

d. A prism is named after its ends/bases. For example, if the ends/bases are triangles, the prism is a
triangular prism.
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CALCULATING TOTAL SURFACE AREA OF PRISMS

The total surface area of a prism is the sum of the area of all the faces/surfaces of the prism.

Examples
1. Calculate the total surface area of the cube shown below.

2. Calculate the total surface area of the cuboid below.

3. Calculate the total surface area of the triangular prism below.

SURFACE AREA OF CYLINDERS

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1. A cylinder is a solid with two identical circular ends/bases and a curved face/surface.

FORMULA FOR SURFACE AREA OF A CYLINDER

A = 2 π r2 + 2 π rh (where r = radius, h = height)

Example:
Calculate the surface area of the cylinder below, rounding your answer to three significant figures. (Use π =
3.14)

PYRAMIDS

1. A pyramid is a solid with a base in the shape of a polygon, and flat, triangular faces.
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2. The faces join at a common point called the apex.

3. A pyramid is named after its polygonal base. For example, if the base is a pentagon, the pyramid is
pentagonal pyramid.

4. When the apex lies directly above the centre of the base, the pyramid is a right pyramid.

5. In a right pyramid, all the triangular faces are congruent. That is, they have the same area (size).

FORMULA FOR SURFACE AREA OF A RIGHT PYRAMID

A = Area of the Base + Area of the Triangular Faces

Example:
Calculate the total surface area of the square pyramid below, given the solid is a right pyramid.
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CONES
1. A circular cone is a solid with a flat, circular end/base and a curved surface/face which narrows
gradually into a point called the apex or vertex.

2. A cone has a radius (r), a height (h) and a slant height (l).
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FORMULA FOR SURFACE AREA OF A RIGHT CIRCULAR CONE

A = πr 2 + πrl (where r = radius, l = slant height)

Example:
A cone has base radius 3cm, perpendicular height 4 cm and slant height 5cm. Calculate the surface are of
the cone.

SPHERES
1. A sphere is a round, three-dimensional object.

2. Unlike other solids, a sphere has no flat surfaces, no edges, and no vertices.

FORMULA FOR SURFACE AREA OF A SPHERE

A = 4 πr 2

VOLUME OF SOLIDS

1. VOLUME OF A PRISM

V = ______________________________________________________

2. VOLUME OF A CYLINDER

V = _____________________________________________________

3. VOLUME OF A RIGHT PYRAMID

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V = ______________________________________________________

4. VOLUME OF A CONE

1 2
V= πr h
3

5. VOLUME OF A SPHERE

4 3
V= πr
3

CSEC PAST PAPER QUESTIONS (VOLUME/ SURFACE AREA)

1. JANUARY 2007, QUESTION 7A.

SOLUTION – JANUARY 2007, QUESTION 7A

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2. JANUARY 2006, QUESTION 5

The curved surface area of a cylinder = 2 πrh, where r is the radius and h is the height, and the
surface area of a sphere = 4 π r 2.

The diagram above, not drawn to scale, shows a solid glass paperweight which consists of a hemisphere
mounted on a cylinder.

The radius of the hemisphere is 3 cm, the radius of the cylinder is 3 cm and its height is 8 cm.

Calculate, using π = 3.14, the following:

a. the curved surface area of the cylinder

b. the surface area of the hemisphere

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c. the TOTAL surface area of the solid paperweight.

3. JANUARY 2011, QUESTION 3B

Fresh Farms Dairy sells milk in cartons in the shape of a cuboid with internal dimensions 6 cm by 4
cm by 10 cm.

a. Calculate, in cm3, the volume of milk in EACH carton. (2 marks)

b. A recipe for making ice-cream requires 3 litres of milk. How many cartons of milk should be
bought to make the ice-cream? (3 marks)
(1 litre = 1000 cm3)
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c. One carton of milk is poured into a cylindrical cup of internal diameter 5 cm. What is the height
of the milk in the cup? Give your answer to 3 significant figures. (Use π = 3.14)
(4 marks)

4. JUNE 2022, QUESTION 6

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SPEED/DISTANCE/TIME

TIME

The 12-hour/24-hour clocks

Exercise
Complete the table below.

12-HOUR 24-HOUR
CLOCK CLOCK

3:00 p.m.

21:15 h

2:35 a.m

16:30 h

10:00 p.m.
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CALCULATING AVERAGE SPEED

distance
average speed = time

CSEC PAST PAPER QUESTIONS

1. JANUARY 2008, QUESTION 4A

2. JANUARY 2012, QUESTION 4A

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SCALES AND SCALE DRAWINGS

1. The scale on a map is given as a ratio of the measurement on the map to the actual measurement.

2. For example, a scale distance of 1:5,000,000 means 1 cm measured on the map is equal to 5,000,000
cm on the ground.

3. The ratio of a distance on a map to the actual distance is 1: n

4. The ratio of an area on a map to the actual area is 1: n2

Examples:
1. The scale on a road map is 1: 25,000.
a. What is the actual distance, in metres, between two towns represented by 3.5 cm on the map?

b. What is the actual area, in metres, of a playing field represented on the map by a rectangle 0.5 cm
long and 0.3 cm wide?
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2. The scale on a map is 1:20,000. The actual distance between two points is 3.8 km. Calculate the
number of centimetres that should be used to represent this distance on the map.

3. Write the following scales in the form 1: x.

a. 1 millimetre = 1 metre

b. 2 centimetre = 6 metres

CSEC PAST PAPER QUESTIONS

1. JUNE 2007, QUESTION 4A