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Q Research

Quantitative research design is essential for structuring research methods and data collection, focusing on numerical data and relationships between variables. It includes experimental designs, such as true and quasi-experimental, as well as non-experimental designs like descriptive, comparative, and survey methods. Each design has specific stages and approaches to hypothesis testing and data collection, tailored to the nature of the research question.

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12 views2 pages

Q Research

Quantitative research design is essential for structuring research methods and data collection, focusing on numerical data and relationships between variables. It includes experimental designs, such as true and quasi-experimental, as well as non-experimental designs like descriptive, comparative, and survey methods. Each design has specific stages and approaches to hypothesis testing and data collection, tailored to the nature of the research question.

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QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGNS

Meaning of Quantitative Research Design


In any research type, much more, in a quantitative research where you do a great deal of abstraction and scientific
or logical thinking, a research design is a part and parcel of your study. By means of your research design, you are
able to make these aspects of your research clear: your methods or techniques in finding answers to your research
questions and in collecting data.

Coming out with the design of your research is not an initial act of your study. It is not the starting period of your
research that makes you pour much of your time in mulling over your research problem and in obtaining
background knowledge about your research topic. Preparing the design of your research work takes place after
finalizing your mind on these major aspects of your research: research topic, background of the study, research
questions, hypotheses, and research strategy like: case study, experimentation, survey, and action research,
among others, that would introduce you to the different data-collecting techniques of interview, observation, and
questionnaire. Simply stated, quantitative research focuses on numbers, statistics, and relationships between
variables. (Punch 2014; Edmonds 2013; Lapan 2012)

Types of Quantitative Research Designs


1. Experimental Research Design
is a quantitative research design that bases its research method on a scientific activity called experiment, in which
a test or examination of a thing under a manipulated or controlled environment is done to determine the validity
or truthfulness of such thing. This design involves two groups of subjects: the experimental group on which the
condition, treatment, or intervention is applied and the control group that is not given any treatment or condition.

There are two types of experimental research designs: the true experimental design and the quasi-experimental
design. (De Mey 2013; Creswell 2013)

 True Experimental Design - is its random selection of participants. It is a bias-free selection that ensures
objectivity of results. This design is the best way to examine causal relationships.
 Quasi-experimental Design - The term quasi (pronounced as kwahz-eye) means partly, partially, pseudo,
or almost. The non-adherence of this research design to random selection of participants is the reason it
got the name, quasi-experimental research, which means a research with the capacity to yield findings
that are seemingly or more or less true. Prone to bias caused by your purposive, rather than random
selection of participants, quasi-experimental design is incapable of establishing cause-effect relationships.

Different Types of Quasi-experimental Design


1. Matched comparison group design
In this quasi-experimental design, instead of selecting participants for the control group, you get a set of
participants that shows close similarities with the experimental or treatment group based on one or more
important variables.

2. Time-series quasi-experimental design


Your act of controlling the variables in this case is through multiple observations of the subjects before and after
the treatment or condition applied to the experimental group. The purpose of serial observations is to see the
connection between the pre-test and the post-test based on the taking place of the treatment or condition.

3. Counter-balanced quasi-experimental design


Here, control is applied to one group to examine the effects of all treatment and conditions to control variables.
For instance, negative results coming from three-time observations are counterbalanced or given weight that is
equated with positive results from four- or five-time observations.

4. Single-subject quasi-experimental design


This design is used when the population is so large that you find difficulty in choosing a group to study. So, you
decide to apply the condition or treatment to a single subject like a class of learners then later find out the effects
of the treatment on the entire class.

Experimental Research Design Stages


The true experimental and quasi-experimental designs follow the same stages in research designing. Their
difference lies only in the participant-selection process, in that the first is randomized; the second, purposive.
(Lapan 2012; Walliman 2014)

1. Clear knowledge of the research objectives that enable you to decide not only on the kind of research you have
to do, but also on the manner you have to follow in conducting the research.

2. Formulation of hypotheses to state your guesses of what may not be true (null hypotheses) or may be true
(alternative hypotheses) about the results.

3. Method of testing your hypotheses or of examining their validity like deciding whether you have to follow the
experimental design or the quasi- experimental design.

4. Choice of which instrument to use in collecting data; that is, whether to use interview, observation, or
questionnaire.

5. Process of selecting the subjects to compose the control group and the experimental group.
6. Performance of experimentation that allows control of the cropping up of extraneous variables and of the
experimenter's bias.

7. Collection and analysis of data.

2. Non-Experimental Research Design


Is a quantitative research design that is capable of giving qualitative and quantitative data, but more on qualitative
data; hence, this is often used in the field of social sciences, Unlike the experimental design that allows
manipulation or control of some aspects of the research, non-experimental research design shuns controlling
variables. Instead, it involves variables the way they naturally exist on earth.

The following are the types of non-experimental research designs (Schreiber 2012; Letherby 2013; Creswell
2014):

 Descriptive - depicts an image or a picture of an individual or a group


 Comparative - states the differences or similarities between or among people, things, objects, etc.
 Correlative - shows the extent and direction of variable relationships, that is, whether a negative or
positive relationship exists between or among them
 Survey - describes the attitudes, preferences, views, feelings, views, and other behavioral patterns of a
big number of people for arriving at a certain conclusion about societal concerns and issues
 Ex Post Facto - translates itself into these English words, "that which is done afterwards" and has the
purpose of deriving data from things that are by nature taking place, so as to obtain explanations about
past events (Litchman 2013, p. 42)

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