[Type here} the ISH Module Code: 23CHME16C/EAX_S 214 q UNIVERSITY _ | Final Unseen Examination Model Answer \ IN EGYPT 2023 / 2024 Module Title: Mass & Energy Balance Module Leader: Prof. Mohamed Amin El-Shahir Sadek | Semester: S1 Equipment allowed: Scientific Calculators Instructions to Students Y This exam is an unseen, written examination. Y The exam is TWO SECTIONS. Answer completely the TWO questions in section A and answer only two questions from section B. Write your answers in the answer book provided, not on the exam papers. The approximate allocation of marks is shown in brackets by the questions, The exam is Two hours long. No extra time is allowed. The exam is 14 pages long including the cover page and an Appendix. ‘Submit your answer book to the instructor at the end of the exam. KAN KN Data: Atomic masses: C=12 H=1 O=16 N=14 Na=23 Cl= 35.5 S=32 Molecular weights: Magnesium Carbonate (MgCOz) = 84.32 g/gmol Calcium carbonate (CaCOs) = 100 g/gmol Calcium suphate (CaSOs) + 136 g/gmol Propane (CsHa) = 44.09 g/gmol Density of water = 1 gicm® = 62.4 Ibm /ft? at 4°C and 4 atm. R 4 Jmol. R= 0.082 atm:I/gmol.K At STP t=0 °C and P= latm.[23CHME16C] Mass & Energy Balance $2 2023/2024 Section A: Answer the following Two questions [50 marks] Qi: [25 marks] Carbon disulfide (CS2) is to be recovered from a gas containing 15.0 mole% CS2, 17.8% O2, and 67.2% N2. The gas is fed to a continuous absorption tower, where it contacts liquid benzene, which absorbs CS2 but not 02 or N2. Benzene is fed to the column in a 2:1 mole ratio to the feed gas. Some of the benzene entering as liquid evaporates and leaves the top of the tower as vapor. The gas leaving the absorber contains 2% CS2 and 2% benzene. i. Calculate the fraction of the CS2 fed to the column recovered in the liquid outlet stream, the mole fraction of CS2 in this stream, and the fraction of benzene fed to the column lost in the vapor product. (10 marks) ii, What processing steps are the liquid and vapor effluent streams likely to be subjected to after they leave the absorption tower? (15 marks) Page 2 of 14[23CHME16C] Mass & Energy Balance $2 2023/2024 Solution: a) CS potsely me Tok el as (00 wol/h ay Se mi Gt) dhe gas fut 2Y Bewrens| perce. He Oy @) omg 09 6- mL JOO +m = mq 004m. = wr + Gas :100 = 200 " (SZ cs JOO HS MLE M>—O] jag, o, feraem? Xe Ch on On onan Ne ter eee [pe = arm. —O Com go Ne 63.2 = ©-%- 2%) mM—-O fom 43 E222 24cm -IB—y Mr RE. y Bhge 0759 bearer A —y» Mz goa $4.54 = LILES EMb on Bente Ot zoo = 0-82 Ley) + 23244? — > R25 0-737 C$2 eecourd = U0 TP) e2¥t — , gaa eS Cie0) = _2nta BS 2 5 0098S 200 Beaters lost mA CS2 in Me = [- KY= 0.0868 Page 3 of 14[23CHME16C] Mass & Energy Balance $2 2023/2024 WB) The caper beating the ober bes comben's mainly aie . and same Let meterial f Benton, SL+ Th Steer mney ge corbin tyertenh pralesst 1d arden Ae asin bender Oe bef dscherging to He ds ‘aie er rey bo eg elkd with Fuad ges. the (yond dh Th rerever A elt wuytepctea- * sept os wert Whe dylithbw elema so athech phe han be ewe d ork Paiselud Wb yeegdad te H— Pro ose Page 4 of 14[23CHME16C] Mass & Energy Balance $2 2023/2024 a2: [25 marks] The Specific Internal energy of helium at 300K and 1 atm is 3800J/mol, and the specific molar volume at the same temperature and pressure is 24.63 Limol. a) Calculate the specific enthalpy of helium at this temperature and pressure (15 marks) b) Calculate the rate at which this enthalpy is transported by a stream of helium at 300K and 1 atm with a molar flow rate of 250 kmol/h. (10 marks) Solution: = 0 + PP = 3800 mol + (1 atm)(24.63 Lino) ‘To convert the second term to joules we need the factor J(L-atm), From the gas constant table the inside Baek cover, (0.08206 L-atm/(mol-K} = 8314 Ji{mel-K) Dividing the ight side bythe lefside elds the desied feta 8314 Jimol-K 108205 L-atmi(mol-K) = moose + Abst | WSN seam mol | 1 Leato i= 250;molh , je ag - Soin wee 81 icin b kmol | mol '——____' = 101,3.0(L-atm) ‘Therefore, Page 5 of 14[23CHME16C] Mass & Energy Balance $2 2023/2024 Section B: Answer only Two questions [50 marks] Qs: [25 marks] Liquid methanol (CHsOH) is fed to a space heater at a rate of 12 L/h and burned with excess air. The product is analysed and the following dry-basis mole percentage are determined: CHsOH= 0.45%, CO2= 9.03%, and CO=1.81% i) Draw and label a flow chart and verify that the system has zero degrees of freedom. (10 marks) ii) Calculate the fractional conversion of methanol, the percentage excess air fed, and the mole fraction of water in the product gas. (10 marks) ili) Suppose the combustion product are released directly into a room. ‘What potential problems do you see and what remedies can you suggest? (5 mark) Page 6 of 14[23CHME16C] Mass & Energy Balanc« $2 2023/2024 Solution: & 12LCHyOH}L000 mll0.792¢| MOL _ 396 enol CHOH/h B L | ml [3208¢ 3 CH,OH + 3/2 0, + CO; +2H,0. CH,OH+ 0: + CO+2 #0 296 6 mol HOH __,| (ol dy xs) (0.0045 mel CHOH(sy awl DG 0.0903 mol COsimol DG 7 (mol O, /h) 0.0181 mol CO/mol DG 376i, (aol N /) = (mol N/molDG) (088711) (mol O/molDG) 4, (aol HO()/) A umknowns (1.2.2) 4 balances (C, HLO.N,)= ODF. bb, Theoretical Os: 296.6 (1.5) = 444.9 mol O3 / Chalance: 296.6 = is (0.0045 + 0.0903 + 0.0181) => riz =2627 mos “Hibalanct: 4 (296.6)= 11s (440.0045) +2 H's => ts = $69.6 mol FLO /h O balance: 296 6+ 2m; = 2527[0.0045 + 2(0.0903)-+0.0181-+2(0.8871-x)]+569.6 Ny balance: 3.76 ny =x (2627) Solving simultaneously = , -5743melO, /h, x ~ 0.822 molN; /molDG Fractional conversion: 72° 252700 0085) _6 960 mol CH, OF renctimol fed 2366 = 53-449 0.178mol H,O'mel Fire, CO toxicity. ‘Vent gas to outside, install CO or hydrocarbon detector in room, tigger alarm if concentrations are too high Page 7 of 14[23CHME16C] Mass & Energy Balance $2 2023/2024 a4: [25 marks} a) Consider the reaction 3A+ 2B+ 8C — 3D + 2E + 2F +11G |. Ifthe reaction feed has the composition (mole %) 18% A, 21%B and the rest is C, which component is the limiting reactant? (5 marks) Il. Ifthe reactor is fed with 190 kg/h A, what feed rates of the other two reactants would be required to have a stoichiometric feed mixture? Where A is ethanol (C2HsOH). (10 marks) Solution: By rack ie 4 6 Aas 18S ee rode Page 8 of 14[23CHME16C] Mass & Energy Balance $2 2023/2024 b) In production of ammonia from hydrogen and nitrogen the conversion, based on either raw material is limited to 15%. The ammonia produced is condensed from the reactor (converter) product and the unreacted material recycled. The feed contains 0.2% Argon (from the nitrogen separation process). Percentages are by volume. i. Draw and label the block diagram. (5 marks) ii. Calculate the purge rate required to hold the Argon in the recycle stream below 5.0%. (5 marks) Solution: Purge rate will be expressed as moles per 100 mol feed as the production rate is not given + Process diagram Volume percentages are taken as equivalent to mol %. * Argon entering system with feed ~ 100 * (0.2/100) = 0.2 mol. db 0. d zon leaving system in purge = F * (5/100) = 0.05F Argon leaving = Argon entering 0.05F = 0.2 F=0.2/0.05=4 Pure reatilred: 4 moles per 100 mole feed ~ — 9 “ netiwa Purge 5% argo Feed Liga fe — pty argon [a Caritoe Page 9 of 14[23CHME16C] Mass & Energy Balance $2 2023/2024 Qs: [25 marks] A mixture containing 65.0 mole % acetone (Ac) and the balance acetic acid (AA) is separated in a continuous distillation column at 1 atm. The composition of overhead stream and bottom stream are as follows : % Component Overhead stream Bottom Stream ‘Acetone 98 155 Acetic acid 2 845 The overhead stream from the column is a vapor that passes through a condenser. The condensed liquid is divided into two equal streams: one is taken off as the overhead product (distillate) and the other (reflux) is returned to the column, The bottom stream from the column is a liquid that is partially vaporized in a reboiler. The liquid stream emerging from the reboiler is taken off as the bottom product, and the vapor is returned to the column as a boilup, Negligible heat is lost from the column, so that the only places in the system where external heat transfer takes place in the system where external heat transfer takes place are the condenser and the reboiler. a) Draw a schematic diagram of this column, (5 marks) b) Taking 100 mole of feed as a basis, calculate the net heat requirement (cal) for the process. (10 marks) ©) For the same basis, calculate the required heat input to the reboiler and the required heat removal from the condenser. (10 marks) Stream Data Feed (1) Liquid, 67.5 °C , 65 mole% Ac,35% AA Overhead (2) Vapor, 63.0 °C ,98 mole% Ac,2% AA Page 10 of 14[23CHME16C] Mass & Energy Balance Distillate (3) Liquid,56.8 °C , 98 mole% Ac,2% AA Reflux(4) _Liquid,56.8 °C , 98 mole% Ac,2% AA Bottoms (5) Liquid,98.7 °C , 15.5 mole% Ac,84.5% AA Boilup (6) —_Liquid,98.7 °C , 54.4 mole% Ac,45.6% AA Thermodynamic Data H (calmole) Acetone Acetic Acid TC) Hi Ae Hi Ae 56.8 oO 7205 oO $723 63.0 205 7322 194 6807 675 364 7403 335 6884 98.7 1385 7946 1312 7420 Latent heat of steam used = 2730 kJ/kg Specific heat capacity of water = 4.187 jig. °C Temperature rise of water not more than 30 °C. Solution: Page 11 of 14 $2 2023/2024[23CHME16C] Mass & Energy Balance $2 2023/2024 Basis: 100 mol feed ip (mol), 63,0°C A- Acetone 0.98 Af) B- Acetic Acid 0.02 Be’) Leal) _ is 0.5 (mol 0.5m (mol aon ¢ 0.98A7) 568°C 0.980) 0.35B0) 0.02 BY) 0.02 BY) ng (mol). 98.7°C 0.544 AG) 56 BY 0.456 BE) ns (mol), 98.7°¢ 0.155 A0 ) T 0.845 BU) Q. (cal) (2) Overall balances: Total moles: 100=0.5n, +n; | nz =120 mol A: 0.65(100) = 098(050s) + 01550, J71,=40 mol 0.{120)098=588 mol 4 0.9120)002 =12 mol 3 Bottoms 0.155(40)=62 mol 4 () Flow thn Energy bat UBER 9, =117.60- Assume negligible heat tansfer berween system & surroundings other than Q, & Q, Q, -O-, ~1.82 10" (8.7710) 8.95% 10° cal heat added to reboiler Page 12 of 14[23CHME16C] Mass & Energy Balance $2 2023/2024 C) Quantity of steam required = 8.95 x4.18x 10° /( 1000 x 2730) = 1.37 kg steam/100 mol feed d) Quantity of water : mCp AT =8.77 x 105 m = 8.77 x 10 5/x 1000 x30) = 29.33 kg water Appendix Page 13 of 14[23CHME16C] Mass & Energy Balance $2 2023/2024 FACTORS FOR UNIT CONVERSIONS ‘Quantity | Equivalent Values Mass 1000 g = 0.001 metric ton = 2.20462 Iby, = 35.27392 oz 1602 = 5x 10"4ton = 453.593 g = 0.453593 kg Length | 1m = 100em = 1000mm = 10° microns (um) = 10!° angstroms (A) 39.37 in, = 3.2808 ft = 1.0936 yd = 0.0006214 mile 12in, = 1/3 yd = 0.3048 m = 3048 em Volume: 1000 L = 10% em? = 10° mL 35.3145 f° = 220.83 imperial gallons = 264.17 gal 4805 gal = 0.028317 m? = 28317 L Force kg-nvs? = 10° dynes = 10% g-emis? = 0.22481 Iby 32.174 IopfUs? = 4.4482.N = 4.4482 x 10° dynes | Pressure 1.01325 x 10° Nim? (Pa) = 101.325 kPa = 1.01325 bar | 1.01325 * 10° dynesiem? | 760 mm Hg at O°C (torr) = 10.333 m HzO at 4’C = 14,696 Ibyin. (psi) = 33:9 ft E20 at #C 29921 in. Hig at PC | Energy 1N-m = 107 ergs = 107 dyne-cm = 2.798 x 10"? kW-h = 0.23901 cal 0.7376 ft-lby = 9.486 x 10™* Btu Power 1 W = 1 Tis = 0.23901 calls = 0.7376 ft-lbs = 9.486 x 10~* Btw’s = 1341 x 10 hp 2.20462 lbw ramp Tear ome geo) Multiple Unit Preferences tera (T) = 10% centi (c) = 107% giga (G) = 10° milli (m) = 10° mega(M) = 10° micro (1) = 10° kilo (k) = 10° nano (n) = 10°° Page 14 of 14