The Solid State

Question1
A cubic solid is made up of two elements X and Y. Atoms of X are
present on every alternate corner and one at the center of cube. Y is at
1
rd
of the total faces. The empirical formula of the compound is
3
[25-Jan-2023 Shift 1]
Options:

A. X2Y1.5

B. X 2.5Y

C. XY2.5

D. X 1.5Y 2

Answer: B

Solution:

X 1 + 1 × 1Y 6× 1 × 1
4×
8 3 2
⇒ X1 Y1
+1
2
⇒ X 2 Y1
3
⇒ X1.5 Y1
⇒ X3 Y2

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Question2
A metal M forms hexagonal close-packed structure. The total number of
voids in 0.02 mol of it is _______×1021 (Nearest integer)
23
( . Given NA = 6.02 × 10 )
[29-Jan-2023 Shift 2]
Answer: 36

Solution:
One unit cell of hep contains = 18 voids
No. of voids in 0.02 mol of hep
18 23
= × 6.02 × 10 × 0.02
6
22
≈ 3.6 × 10
21
≈ 36 × 10
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Question3
Iron oxide FeO, crystallises in a cubic lattice with a unit cell edge length
−3
of 5.0Å. If density of the FeO in the crystal is 4.0gcm , then the
number of FeO units present per unit cell is _______ (Nearest integer)
Given : Molar mass of Fe and O is 56 and 16g mol−1 respectively.
23 −1
NA = 6.0 × 10 mol
[30-Jan-2023 Shift 2]

Answer: 4

Solution:

d = Z × M3
N0 × a
4= Z × 72
6 × 10 × 125 × 10−24
23

Z = 4.166 ≃ 4

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Question4
A sample of a metal oxide has formula M0.83O1.00. The metal M can exist
in two oxidation states +2 and +3. In the sample of M0.83O1.00, the
percentage of metal ions existing in +2 oxidation state is _______ %
(nearest integer)
[31-Jan-2023 Shift 2]

Answer: 59

Solution:

M →+x(0.83 − x)
x+3
2x + 3(0.83 − x) = 2
x = 0.49
0.49
%M 2+ = × 100
0.83
= 59%
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Question5
Which of the following represents the lattice structure of A0.95O
2+ 3+ 2−
containing A , A and O ions?
2+ 3+ 2−
⊙A ⊙A ⊙O

[1-Feb-2023 Shift 1]
Options:

A. B and C only

B. B only

C. A and B only

D. A only

Answer: D

Solution:
Applying electrical neutrality principle in metal defficiency defect.
3A2+ are replaced by 2A3+, thus one vacant site per pair of A3+ is created
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Question6
A metal M crystallizes into two lattices :- face centred cubic (fcc) and
body centred cubic (bcc) with unit cell edge length of 2.0 and 2.5Å
respectively. The ratio of densities of lattices fcc to bcc for the metal M
is _________.
(Nearest integer)
[1-Feb-2023 Shift 2]

Answer: 4

Solution:

Z ×M
d= 3
N Aa
4 × Mw
3
dFCC NA × (2)
= = 3.90
dBCC 2 × Mw
NA × (2.5)3

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Question7
A compound is formed by two elements X and Y. The element Y forms
cubic close packed arrangement and those of element X occupy one
third of the tetrahedral voids. What is the formula of the compound?
[6-Apr-2023 shift 1]
Options:

A. X2Y3

B. X3Y

C. X 3Y 2

D. X 3

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Y : CCP ⇒ 4Y
X = 1 ∕ 3 THV = 1 ∕ 3 × 8 ⇒ 8 ∕ 3x
∴ Formula : X8 ∕ 3Y4 or X2Y3

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Question8
Number of crystal systems from the following where body centred unit
cell can be found, is.....
Cubic, tetragonal, orthorhombic, hexagonal, rhombohedral, monoclinic,
triclinic.
[6-Apr-2023 shift 2]

Answer: 3

Solution:

Solution:
Cubic, tetragonal and orthorhombic have body centered unit cell.

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Question9
The correct relationships between unit cell edge length ' a ' and radius
of sphere ' r ' for face-centred and bodycentred cubic structures
respectively are:
[10-Apr-2023 shift 2]
Options:

A. 2√2 r = a and √3 r = 4a

B. r = 2√2 a and 4r = √3 a

C. r = 2√2 a and √3 r = 4a

D. 2√2 r = a and 4r = √3 a

Answer: D

Solution:

FCC BCC
√2 a = 4r √3 a = 4r
4r √2
a= ×
√2 √2
a = 2√2 r

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Question10
An atomic substance A of molar mass 12gmol−1 has a cubic crystal
structure with edge length of 300 pm. The no. of atoms present in one
unit cell of A is ______ (Nearest integer)
Given the density of A is 3.0gmL−1 and NA = 6.02 × 1023mol−1
[11-Apr-2023 shift 1]

Answer: 4

Solution:

Z
×M
NA
d = 3
a
Z 12
3 = 23
× −10 3
6.02 × 10 (300 × 10 )
6 −30 23
3 × 6.02 × 27 × 10 × 10 × 10
Z =
12
−1
= 40.635 × 10 = 4.0635 ≈ 4

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Question11
Sodium metal crystallizes in a body centred cubic lattice with unit cell
−1
edge length of 4Å. The radius of sodium atom is ______ ×10 Å (Nearest
integer)
[13-Apr-2023 shift 2]

Answer: 17

Solution:

√3 a = 4r
√3 × 4 = 4r
r = 1.732Å
−1
= 17.32 × 10

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Question12
Which of the following expressions is correct in case of a CaCl unit cell
(edge length 'a')?
[15-Apr-2023 shift 1]
Options:

A. r +r = a
Cs+ Cl− √2

B. r +r =a
Cs+ Cl−

√
C. r +r = 23 a
Cs+ Cl−

a
D. r +r = 2
Cs+ Cl−

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
⊕
For CaCl, Cs is present at Body center and
√3a
ClΘ at all corner. =r ⊕+r Θ
2 cs Cl

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Question13
2
Atoms of element X form hcp lattice and those of element Y occupy 3
of
its tetrahedral voids. The percentage of element X in the lattice is____
(Nearest integer)
[24-Jun-2022-Shift-1]

Answer: 43

Solution:

Solution:
Since X occupies hop lattice, Number of particles of type X in a unit cell = 6
2
Number of particles of type Y = × 12 = 8
3
6
∴ Percentage of element X = × 100
14
300
=
7
= 42.85
≃43%

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Question14
+ −
The distance between Na and Cl ions in solid NaCl of density
−3 −10
43.1gcm is _____×10 m. (Nearest Integer)
 23 −1
(Given : NA = 6.02 × 10 mol )
[25-Jun-2022-Shift-1]

Answer: 1

Solution:

ρ = Z3 × M
a ×NA
43.1 = 3 4 × 58.5 23
a × 6.02 × 10
a3 = 0.9 × 10−23
= 9 × 10−24
a = 2.08 × 10−8 cm
= 2.08 × 10−10m
a
for NaCl, distance between Na+and Cl− =
2
= 1.04 × 10−10m

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Question15
In a solid AB, A atoms are in ccp arrangement and B atoms occupy all
the octahedral sites. If two atoms from the opposite faces are removed,
then the resultant stoichiometry of the compound is AxBy. The value of x
is ________[nearest integer]
[26-Jun-2022-Shift-2]
Answer: 3

Solution:

A→4− ( 2× 12 ) = 3
1
B → 12× +1×1=4
4
So, Compound is A3B4
The value of x is 3 .

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Question16
2+
Metal deficiency defect is shown by Fe0.93O. In the crystal, some Fe
cations are missing and loss of positive charge is compensated by the
 3+ 2+
presence of Fe ions. The percentage of Fe ions in the Fe0.93O
crystals is ___(Nearest integer)
[27-Jun-2022-Shift-1]

Answer: 85

Solution:

Fe0.93O
Let the number of O−2 ions be 100 and the number of Fe+2 ions be X The number of Fe+3 ions be (93 − X)
∴X (2) + (93 − X )3 = 200
279 − X = 200
X = 79
79
∴ % of F +2 ions = × 100
93
≃85%

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Question17
Two elements A and B which form 0.15 moles of A2B and AB3 type
compounds. If both A2B and AB3 weigh equally, then the atomic weight
of A is_____ times of atomic weight of B.
[27-Jun-2022-Shift-1]

Answer: 2

Solution:

Let atomic weight of A = x

and atomic weight of B = y
∴ Molar mass of A2B = 2x + y
and molar mass of AB3 = x + 3y
Now, weight of 0.15 moles of A2B = (2x + y)0.15
and weight of 0.15 moles of AB3 = (x + 3y)0.15
Given, weight of 0.15 moles of A2B and AB3 are equal.
∴(2x + y)0.15 = (x + 3y)0.15
⇒x = 2y
x
⇒ =2
y
∴ Atomic weight of A is 2 times of atomic weight of B.

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Question18
The incorrect statement about the imperfections in solids is :
[28-Jun-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. Schottky defect decreases the density of the substance.

B. Interstitial defect increases the density of the substance.

C. Frenkel defect does not alter the density of the substance.

D. Vacancy defect increases the density of the substance.

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
The vacancy defect increases the density of substance.
It does not change the density of the crystal. It only creates cationic vacancies. Frenkel Defect causes vacancy defect at
its original site and an interstitial defect at its new location. Therefore, it does not change the density of the solid.

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Question19
An element M crystallises in a body centred cubic unit cell with a cell
−3
edge of 300 pm. The density of the element is 6.0gcm . The number of
23
atoms present in 180g of the element is _________ ×10 (Nearest
integer)
[28-Jul-2022-Shift-1]

Answer: 22

Solution:
M is body certred cubic, ∴Z = 2
Let mass of 1 atom of M is A
Edge length = 300 pm
3
Density = 6g ∕ cm
3 Z×A 2×A
∴6g ∕ cm = −10 3
= −24
(300 × 10 ) 27 × 10
−24
A = 81 × 10 g
∴ Atomic mass = 48.6g
180
∴ Mole in 180g = = 3.7 moles
48.6
23 23
Atoms of M = 3.7 × 6 × 10 = 22.22 × 10 atoms

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Question20
Metal M crystallizes into a fcc lattice with the edge length of
 −8
4.0 × 10 cm. The atomic mass of the metal is g∕ mol. (Nearest integer)
23 −1 −3
( Use : NA = 6.02 × 10 mol , density of metal, M = 9.03gcm )
[28-Jul-2022-Shift-2]

Answer: 87

Solution:

Solution:
23 −8 3
9.03 × 6.02 × 10 × (4 × 10 )
ρ = Z M3 ⇒ M =
N Aa 4
−1
9.03 × 6.02 × 64 × 10
=
4
−1
= 86.9gmol
−1
≈ 87gmol

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Question21
+ −
Ionic radii of cation A and anion B are 102 and 181 pm respectively.
These ions are allowed to crystallize into an ionic solid. This crystal has
− +
cubic close packing for B . A is present in all octahedral voids. The
edge length of the unit cell of the crystal AB is _______ pm. (Nearest
Integer)
[29-Jul-2022-Shift-1]

Answer: 566

Solution:

Solution:
In cubic close packing, octahedral voids form at edge centers and body center of the cube
+ −
a = 2(rA + rB )
a = 2(102 + 181)
a = 566 pm

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Question22
The number of octahedral voids per lattice site in a lattice is ......... .
(Rounded off to the nearest integer)
[26 Feb 2021 Shift 2]
Answer: 1

Solution:

Solution:
Let us assume, the crystal has fcc or ccp lattice which has octahedral voids.
Number of lattice sites occupied = 8 corner +6 face centres = 14
Number of octahedral voids = 12 edge centres +1 body centre = 13
Number of octahderal void(s) per lattice site
13
= = 0.928 ∼ eq1
14

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Question23
The unit cell of copper corresponds to a face centered cube of edge
length 3.596Å with one copper atom at each lattice point. The
3
calculated density of copper in kg ∕ m is ......... [Molar mass of
Cu = 63.54g;
[25 Feb 2021 Shift 2]

Answer: 9076

Solution:

Density of copper, d = Z3 × M
a ×NA
Given, Z = 4, for fcc lattice,
M = 63.54gmol −1
= 63.54 × 10−3kgmol −1
a = 3.596Å = 3.596 × 10−10m,
N A = 6.022 × 1023mol −1
M = 63.54gmol −1
= 63.54 × 10−3kgmol −1 ,
a = 3.596Å = 3.596 × 10−10m,
N A = 6.022 × 1023mol −1
On putting given values, we get
4 × (63.54 × 10−3)
⇒ d = −10 3 23
kg ∕ m3
(3.596 × 10 ) × (6.022 × 10 )
= 9076.26 ∼ eq9076kg ∕ m3

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Question24
The coordination number of an atom in a body centered cubic structure
is_____[Assume that the lattice is made up of atoms.]
[24 Feb 2021 Shift 1]
Answer: 8

Solution:

Solution:
Coordination number is the number of nearest neighbours of a central atom in the structure. BCC has a coordination
number of 8.

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Question25
In a binary compound, atoms of element A form a hcp structure and
those of element M occupy 2/3 of the tetrahedral voids of the hcp
structure. The formula of the binary compound is
[18 Mar 2021 Shift 1]
Options:

A. M 2A3

B. M 4A3

C. M 4A

D. M A3

Answer: B

Solution:

For HCP unit cell,

Number of atom per unit cell Z = 6, so A = 6
Also we know
If Z = 6, so the number of tetrahedral voids = 2 × 6
2
Now, if 2/3 of these voids are occupied by M the number of M = ×2×6=8
3
∴ Formula = M 8A6 = M 4A3

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Question26
K Br is doped with 10−5 mole per cent of SrBr 2 . The number of cationic
vacancies in 1g of KBr crystal is .........10 1014 (Round off to the nearest
integer). [Atomic mass :
K = 39.1u, Br = 79.9u, N A = 6.023 × 1023 ]
[17 Mar 2021 Shift 2]
Answer: 5

Solution:

Solution:
14
The number of cationic vacancies in 1g of K Br crystal is 5 × 10 .
2+ 2+
For every Sr ion, 1 cationic vacancy is created. Hence, number of Sr ion = number of cationic vacancies
−5
Since, the mole percentage of SrBr2 dopped is 10 to that of total moles of K Br.
−5
10 1
Hence, number of cationic vacancy = × ×NA
100 119
1
= × 10−7 × 6.022 × 1023 (Mass of KBr = 119)
119
−2 −7 23 14
= 5 × 10 × 10 × 10 = 5 × 10

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Question27
Ga (atomic mass 70u ) crystallises in a hexagonal close packed
21
structure. The total number of voids in 0.581g of Ga is ...... ×10 .
(Round off to the nearest integer).
[16 Mar 2021 Shift 2]

Answer: 15

Solution:

For HCP structure,

Effective number of atoms per unit cell (Z ) = 6
Number of tetrahedral void = 2Z = 12
Number of octahedral void = Z = 6
Total number of voids per unit cell = 18
Given mass 0.581
Moles of Ga = =
Molar mass 70
0.581
No. of atoms = ×NA
70
0.581 N A
No. of unit cells = ×
70 6

( 0.581 ) × 18 = 14.99 × 10
23
6.02 × 10 21
No. of voids = × .
70 6
21
Nearest integer = 15 × 10
So, correct answer is 15 .

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Question28
Select the correct statements.
(A) Crystalline solids have long range order.
(B) Crystalline solids are isotropic.
(C) Amorphous solid are sometimes called pseudo solids.
(D) Amorphous solids soften over a range of temperatures.
(E) Amorphous solids have a definite heat of fusion.
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
[27 Jul 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

A. (A), (B), (E) only

B. (B), (D) only

C. (C), (D) only

D. (A), (C), (D) only

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
(A) Crystalline solids have definite arrangement of constituent particles and have long range order.
(C), (D) Different constituent particles of an amorphous solid have different bond strengths and soften over a range of
temperatures.

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Question29
The parameters of the unit cell of a substance are
a = 2.5, b = 3.0, c = 4.0, α = 90°, β = 120°γ = 90°. The crystal system of
the substance is :
[27 Jul 2021 Shift 1]
Options:

A. Hexagonal

B. Orthorhombic

C. Monoclinic

D. Triclinic

Answer: C

Solution:
a ≠ b ≠ c and α = γ = 90° ≠ β
are parameters of monoclinic unit cell.

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Question30
A copper complex crystallising in a CCP lattice with a cell edge of
0.4518nm has been revealed by employing X-ray diffraction studies. The
 −3
density of a copper complex is found to be 7.62gcm .
−1
The molar mass of copper complex is ______ gmol (Nearest integer)
23 −1
[ Given :N A = 6.022 × 10 mol ]
[22 Jul 2021 Shift 2]

Answer: 106

Solution:

M
4×
NA
d ( gm
cc )
=
(acm) 3

4 × M ∕ 6.022 × 1023
7.62 = ⇒M = 105.8g ∕ mol
(0.4518 × 10−7cm)3

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Question31
Diamond has a three dimensional structure of C atoms formed by
covalent bonds. The structure of diamond has face centred cubic lattice
where 50% of the tetrahedral voids are also occupied by carbon atoms.
The number of carbon atoms present per unit cell of diamond is _______.
[20 Jul 2021 Shift 2]

Answer: 8

Solution:

Solution:
Carbon atoms occupy FCC lattice points as well as half of the tetrahedral voids
therefore number of carbon atoms atoms per unit cell = 8

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Question32
The empirical formula for a compound with a cubic close packed
arrangement of anions and with cations occupying all the octahedral
sites in AxB . The value of x is ....... (Integer answer)
[31 Aug 2021 Shift 2]
Answer: 1

Solution:

ln Ax B
Effective number of B atom = 4 (in ccp)
Effective number of A atom = 4 (octahedral void)
So, formula of compound = A4B4
⇒ AB
∴x=1
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Question33
Match List-I with List-II.

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
[27 Aug 2021 Shift 1]
Options:

A. A-2 B-1 C-3 D-4

B. A-1 B-3 C-4 D-2

C. A-3 B-4 C-2 D-1

D. A-4 B-2 C-1 D-3

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
A. NaCl is diamagnetic because all electrons are paired in Na+and in Cl−. So, it shows diamagnetism.
B. Fe3O4 is ferrimagnetic because of the presence of the unequal alignment of magnetic moment in opposite direction.
C. O2 molecule has two unpaired electrons. So, it is paramagnetic.
D. In MnO, the orientation of the electrons of Mn and O is such that they cancel their effects, hence it is
antiferromagnetic.
So, the correct match is A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1.

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Question34
Given below are two statements.
Statement I Frenkel defects are vacancy as well as interstitial defects.
Statement II Frenkel defect leads to colour in ionic solids due to
presence of F - centres. Choose the most appropriate answer for the
statements from the options given below.
[26 Aug 2021 Shift 1]
Options:

A. Statement I is false but Statement II is true.

B. Both statement I and statement II are true.

C. Statement I is true but statement II is false.

D. Both Statement I and statement II are false.

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Frenkel defect is vacancy as well as interstitial defect as atom leaves its place in lattice creating a vacancy and occupy
interstitial site in a nearby location.
Hence, statement I is true.
Frenkel defect does not leads to colour in ionic solids due to absence of F - centres. lonic solids having anionic vacancies
because of metal excess defects. This leads to colour in ionic solids due to presence of F - centres.
Hence, statement II is false.

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Question35
'X' melts at low temperature and is a bad conductor of electricity in both
liquid and solid state. X is:
[Jan. 09,2020 (I)]
Options:

A. Zinc sulphide

B. Mercury

C. Silicon carbide

D. Carbon tetrachloride

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
CCl 4 → Non-conductor in solid and liquid phase. Melting point of CCl 4 is −23∘C. It does not conduct electricity in both
solid and liquid state.

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Question36
Which of the following compounds is likely to show both Frenkel and
Schottky defects in its crystalline form?
[Jan. 08,2020 (II)]
Options:

A. AgBr

B. CsCl

C. K Br

D. Z nS

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
AgBr shows both Schottkyas well as Frenkel defects.

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Question37
′ ∘ ′
A crystal is made up of metal ions ' M 1 and M 2 and oxide ions. Oxide
ions. form a ccp lattice structure. The cation 'M ' occpies 50% of
octahedral voids and the cation 'M, ' occupies 12.5% of tetrahedral voids
of oxide lattice. The oxidation numbers of ' M 1 ' and ' M 2 ' are,
respectively:
[Sep. 06, 2020 (II)]
Options:

A. +2, +4

B. +1, +3

C. +3, +1

D. +4, +2

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Charge
So, 2x + y = 8
x = 2; y = 4

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Question38
A diatomic molecule X 2 has a body-centred cubic (bcc) structure with a
−3
cell edge of 300pm. The density of the molecule is 6.17gcm . The
number of molecules present in 200g of X 2 is:
23 −1
(Avogadro constant(N A) = 6 × 10 mol )
[Sep. 05, 2020 (I)]
Options:

A. 40N A

B. 8N A

C. 4N A

D. 2N A

Answer: C

Solution:
For bcc, Z = 2
Z ×M
d =
N A × (a)3
2×M
⇒6.17 = −8 3 23
6.0 × 10 × [3 × 10 ]
2×M
⇒6.17 = ⇒ M = 50
6.0 × 2.7
200
No. of mole = =4
50
No. of molecules = 4N A.

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Question39
An element crystallises in a face-centred cubic (f cc) unit cell with cell
edge a. The distance between the centres of two nearest octahedral
voids in the crystal lattice is :
[Sep. 05, 2020 (II)]
Options:

A. a
√2

B. a

C. √2 a

a
D. 2

Answer: A

Solution:

Distance between two octahedral voids

√
2 2

√( ) ( ) a a a
a 2 a 2
x= + = + =
2 2 4 4 √2

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Question40
−2 −1
An element with molar mass 2.7 × 10 kgmol forms a cubic unit cell
3 −3
with edge length 405pm. If its density is 2.7 ×10 kgm , the radius of
−12
the element is approximately _________ ×10 m (to the nearest integer).
[NV, Sep. 03, 2020 (I)]

Answer: 143

Solution:
Z ×M
d =
N A × Volume
2.7 = Z × 27
6.02 × 10 × [4.05 × 10−8]3
23

Z = 4 ⇒ f cc
unit cell For f cc unit cell 4r = √2a
1.414 × 405
r= = 143.1675pm = 143.17pm
4

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Question41
The one that is extensively used as a piezoelectric material is:
[Jan. 9, 2019 (I)]
Options:

A. tridymite

B. amorphous silica

C. quartz

D. mica

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Quartz exhibits piezoelectricity and thus can be used as a piezoelectric material.

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Question42
Which primitive unit cell has unequal edge lengths (a ≠ b ≠ c) and all
∘
axial angles different from 90 ?
[Jan. 10, 2019 (I)]
Options:

A. Triclinic

B. Hexagonal

C. Monoclinic

D. Tetragonal

Answer: A

Solution:

For triclinic crystal

a ≠ b ≠ c Edge lengths
α ≠ β ≠ γ Axial angle

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Question43
3 3
A solid having density of 9 × 10 kgm forms face centred cubic crystals
of edge length 200√2 pm. What is the molar mass of the solid?
[Avogadro constant ≈6 × 1023mol −1, π ≈ 3 ]
[Jan. 11, 2019 (I)]
Options:

A. 0.0432kgmol −1
−1
B. 0.0216kgmol
−1
C. 0.0305kgmol

D. 0.4320kgmol −1

Answer: C

Solution:

Density = Z × M3
NA×a
9 × 103 = 4×M
(200 × √2 × 10−12)36 × 1023
M = 305.4 × 10−4 = 0.0305kg ∕ mol

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Question44
The radius of the largest sphere which fits properly at the centre of the
edge of a body centred cubic unit cell is :
(Edge length is represented by 'a')
[Jan. 11, 2019 (II)]
Options:

A. 0.027a

B. 0.047a

C. 0.134a

D. 0.067a

Answer: D

Solution:

For bcc
√3a
⇒R =
4
√3 a
Empty space at edge = a − 2R = a −
2
= diameter of sphere.
√3
a− a
∴r sphere =
2
2
= ( 2 −4√3 ) a = 0.067a
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Question45
A compound of formula A2B3 has the hcp lattice. Which atom forms the
hcp lattice and what fraction of tetrahedral voids is occupied by the
other atoms:
[Jan. 10, 2019 (II)]
Options:

2
A. hep lattice −A, 3 Tetrahedral voids −B

B. hep lattice −A, 1

3
Tetrahedral voids −B

C. hcp lattice −B, 2 Tetrahedral voids −A

3

1
D. hcp lattice −B, 3 Tetrahedral voids −A

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Here, A2B3 can also be written as A4B6.
Thus, hep has six atoms so, 'B' forms hcp lattice and 'A' is present in tetrahedral void.
Total tetrahedral voids = 12
1
∴ Fraction of tetrahedral voids occupied by A = 4 ∕ 12 =
3

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question46
At 100∘C, copper (Cu) has FCC unit cell structure with cell edge length
of xÅ. What is the approximate density of Cu (in gcm3 ) at this
temperature?
[Atomic Mass of Cu = 63.55u ]
[Jan. 9, 2019 (II)]
Options:

A. 205
3
x

B. 105
3
x

C. 211
3
x

D. 422
3
x

Answer: D

Solution:
We know that, density = Z (M )
N A × a3
Given that: Z = 4(f cc)
M = 63.5g
N A = 6∞1023
a = x∞108cm
After putting the values, we get
d = 4 × 63.5
6.022 × 1023 × x3 × 10−24
422gcm−3
=
x3

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question47
The ratio of number of atoms present in a simple cubic, body centered
cubic and face centered cubic structure are, respectively:
[April 12, 2019 (II)]
Options:

A. 8 : 1 : 6

B. 1 : 2 : 4

C. 4 : 2 : 1

D. 4 : 2 : 3

Answer: B

Solution:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question48
An element has a face-centred cubic (fcc) structure with a cell edge of a.
The distance between the centres of two nearest tetrahedral voids in the
lattice is :
[April 12, 2019 (I)]
Options:

A. √2a
B. a
a
C. 2

3
D. 2 a

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
√3 a
In f cc, tetrahedral voids are located on the body diagonal at a distance of from the corner. Together they form a
4
a
smaller cube of edge length . Therefore, distance between centres of two nearest tetrahedral voidsin the lattice is also
2
a
.
2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question49
Element 'B' forms cep structure and 'A' occupies half of the octahedral
voids, while oxygen atoms occupy all the tetrahedral voids. The
structure of bimetallic oxide is:
[April 8,2019 (I)]
Options:

A. A2BO4

B. AB2O4

C. A2B2O

D. A4B2O

Answer: B

Solution:
No. of lattice points = No. of Oh voids
1
= × No. of T d voids in ccp structure
2
∴ No. of atoms of B = 4
1
No. of atoms of A = × No. of Oh voids
2
1
= ×4=2
2
No. of atoms of O = No. of all Td voids
= 2× No. of lattice points
=2×4=8
Hence, A : B : O = 1 : 2 : 4
Therefore, the formula of the compound is AB2O4

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question50
Consider the bec unit cells of the solids 1 and 2 with the position of
atoms are shown below. The radius of atom B is twice that of atom A.
The unit cell edge length is 50% more in solid 2 than in 1 . What is the
approximate packing efficiency in solid 2?

[April 8, 2019 (II)]

Options:

A. 45%

B. 75%

C. 90%

D. 65%

Answer: C

Solution:

Volume occupied by atoms in solid 2

4 4
= πr3 + π(2r)3 = 12πr3
3 3
Relationship between body diagonal and radius of atom (r),
6r = √3 a
6r
a=
√3
vol. of particles
Packing efficiency =
vol. of unit cells
12πr3
Packing efficiency = × 100 = 90%
6r 3
√3 ( )
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question51
All of the following share the same crystal structure except.
[Online April 15, 2018 (II)]
Options:

A. RbCl

B. N aCl

C. CsCl

D. LiCl
Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
RbCl , N aCl and CsCl share the same crystal structure except LiCl. LiCl is deliquescent. It crystalises as a hydrated
LiCl .2H 2O. Other alkali metal chlorides do not form hydrates.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question52
Which type of 'defect' has the presence of cations in the interstitial
sites?
[2018]
Options:

A. Schottky defect

B. Vacancy defect

C. Frenkel defect

D. Metal deficiency defect

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
In Frenkel defect some of ions (usually cations due to their small size) missing from their normal position, occupy position
in interstitial sites.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question53
Which of the following arrangements shows the schematic alignment of
magnetic moments of antiferromagnetic substance?
[Online April 15,2018(I)]
Options:

A.

B.

C.
D.

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
When the magnetic moments align in a regular pattern with neighbouring spins pointing in opposite directions (as in d),
the substance shows antiferromagnetism.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question54
A metal crystallises in a face centred cubic structure. If the edge length
of its unit cell is 'a', the closest approach between two atoms in metallic
crystal will be:
[2017]
Options:

A. 2a

B. 2√2 a

C. √2 a

a
D.
√2

Answer: D

Solution:

For a f cc unit cell

√ a
r= 2
4
√2 a a
∴ closest distance (2r) = =
4 √2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question55
Sodium metal crystallizes in a body centred cubic lattice with a unit cell
edge of 4.29Å. The radius of sodium atom is approximately:
[2015]
Options:

A. 5.72Å

B. 0.93Å
C. 1.86Å

D. 3.22Å

Answer: C

Solution:

I n bcc the atoms touch along body diagonal

∴ 2r + 2r = √3 a
√ a √ × 4.29
∴ r= 3 = 3 = 1.857Å
4 4
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question56
In a monoclinic unit cell, the relation of sides and angles are
respectively:
[Online April 12, 2014]
Options:
∘
A. a = b ≠ c and α = β = γ = 90

B. a ≠ b ≠ c and α = β = γ = 90∘

C. a ≠ b ≠ c and β = γ = 90∘ ≠ α

D. a ≠ b ≠ c and α ≠ β ≠ γ ≠ 90∘

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question57
CsCl crystallises in body centered cubic lattice. If ' a ' is its edge length
then which of the following expressions is correct?
[2014]
Options:

A. r +r = 3a
Cs+ Cl −

B. r + +r − = 3a
Cs Cl 2

√3
C. r +r = 2a
Cs+ Cl −

D. r +r = √3 a
Cs+ Cl −
Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:

Relation between radius of cation, anion and edge length of the cube
2r + + 2r − = √3 a
Cs Cl
√3 a
rCs+ + rCl − =
2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question58
The correct statement for the molecule, CsI 3 is:
[2014]
Options:

A. It is a covalent molecule.

B. It contains Cs+ and I 3− ions.

3+ −
C. It contains Cs and I ions.

D. It contains Cs+, I − and lattice I 2 molecule.

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
CsI 3 dissociates as CsI 3 → Cs+ + I 3−

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question59
The appearance of colour in solid alkali meta halides is generally due
to:
[Online April 11, 2014]
Options:

A. Schottky defect

B. Frenkel defect

C. Interstitial position
D. F-centres

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
The appearance of colour in alkali metal halides is generally due to F-centres. F centers in N aCl produce a band of
optical absorption towards the blue end of visible spectrum, thus the colour appears yellow under transmitted light. On
the otherhand, K Cl with F-centers appears magenta, and KBr appears blue.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question60
In a face centered cubic lattice atoms A are at the corner points and
atoms B at the face centered points. If atom B is missing from one of
the face centered points, the formula of the ionic compound is:
[Online April 9, 2014]
Options:

A. AB2

B. A5B2

C. A2B3

D. A2B5

Answer: D

Solution:

1
Number of atoms, A = ×8=1
8
1 5
Number of atoms, B = ×5=
2 2
(Since atom B is missing from one of the face centered point)
∴ Formula of ionic compound = AB5 ∕ 2 = A2B5

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question61
The total number of octahedral void (s) per atom present in a cubic
close packed structure is:
[Online April 19,2014]
Options:

A. 2

B. 4

C. 1
D. 3

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
The closed packed structure have both octahedral and tetrahedral voids. In a ccp structure, there is one octahedral void
on the edge. Each one of which is common to four other unit cells. Thus, in cubic close packed structure,
Octahedral voids inthe centre of the cube = 1
1
Effective number of octahedral voids located at the 12 edge of cube = 12× = 3
4
∴ Total number of octahedral voids = 4

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question62
Which of the following exists as covalent crystals in the solid state ?
[2013]
Options:

A. Iodine

B. Silicon

C. Sulphur

D. Phosphorus

Answer: B

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question63
Copper crystallises in fcc with a unit length of 361pm. What is the
radius of copper atom?
[Online April 25, 2013]
Options:

A. 157pm

B. 128pm

C. 108pm

D. 181pm

Answer: B

Solution:
For f cc,
√2 a a
r= = = 0.3535a
4 2√2
Given, a = 361pm
r = 0.3535 × 361
= 128pm
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question64
An element having an atomic radius of 0.14nm crystallizes in an fcc unit
cell. What is the length of a side of the cell?
[Online April 9, 2013]
Options:

A. 0.56nm

B. 0.24nm

C. 0.96nm

D. 0.4nm

Answer: D

Solution:

For a f cc unit cell

√2a
r=
4
4r
a= = 2√2 × 0.14 = 0.39 ≈ 0.4nm
√2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question65
Which one of the following statements about packing in solids is
incorrect?
[Online April 22, 2013]
Options:

A. Coordination number in bcc mode of packing is 8 .

B. Coordination number in hcp mode of packing is 12.

C. Void space in hcp mode of packing is 32%.

D. Void space is ccp mode of packing is 26%.

Answer: C

Solution:
Solution:
The hcp arrangement of atoms occupies 74% of the available space and thus has 26% vacant space.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question66
In a face centred cubic lattice, atoms of A form the corner points and
atoms of B form the face centred points. If two atoms of A are missing
from the corner points, the formula of the ionic compound is:
[Online April 23, 2013]
Options:

A. AB3

B. AB4

C. A2B5

D. AB2

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
A form corner points and two atoms of A are missing from corner
1 3
∴ Atoms at corner (A) = 6× =
8 4
1
Atoms at face centre (B) = 6× = 3
2
∴ A3 ∕ 4B3 i.e., AB4

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question67
Among the following which is the best description of water in the solid
phase?
[Online May 7,2012]
Options:

A. Covalent solid

B. Molecular solid

C. Ionic solid

D. Network solid

Answer: B

Solution:
Molecular solid is the best description of water in the solid phase. For example ice is hydrogen bonded molecular solid.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question68
The radius of a calcium ion is 94pm and of the oxide ion is 146pm. The
possible crystal structure of calcium oxide will be
[Online May 12, 2012]
Options:

A. tetrahedral

B. trigonal

C. octahedral

D. pyramidal

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Radius of cation 94
Radius ratio = = = 0.643
Radius of anion 146
Since the value is between 0.414 − 0.732 hence the coordination no. will be 6 and geometry will be octahedral.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question69
Lithium forms body centred cubic structure. The length of the side of its
unit cell is 351pm. Atomic radius of the lithium will be:
[2012]
Options:

A. 75pm

B. 300pm

C. 240pm

D. 152pm

Answer: D

Solution:

For bcc structure √3 a = 4r

√3 √3
r= a= × 351 = 152pm.
4 4

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question70
A solid has a 'bcc' structure. If the distance of nearest approach
between two atoms is 1.73Å, the edge length of the cell is
[Online May 7,2012]
Options:

A. 314.20pm

B. 1.41pm

C. 200pm

D. 216pm

Answer: C

Solution:

For bcc structure

√3 a
d =
2
where d = distance between two atoms
a = edge length
√3
1.73 = a
2
2 × 1.73
a= = 2Å = 200pm
√3

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question71
Ammonium chloride crystallizes in a body centred cubic lattice with
edge length of unit cell of 390pm. If the size of chloride ion is 180pm,
the size of ammonium ion would be
[Online May 19, 2012]
Options:

A. 174pm

B. 158pm

C. 142pm

D. 126pm

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
For bcc structure
√3
Interionic distance = r+ + r− = a
2
( a = edge length )
√
r +
+
+ r −− = 3 a
NH4 Cl 2
+ √3
r + + 180 = × 390
NH4 2
+
r + = 338pm − 180pm = 158pm
NH4

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question72
Among the following the incorrect statement is
[Online May 26, 2012]
Options:

A. Density of crystals remains unaffected due to Frenkel defect.

B. In bcc unit cell the void space is 32%.

C. Density of crystals decreases due to Schottky defect.

D. Electrical conductivity of semiconductors and metals increases with increase in temperature.

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
In metals the electrons are free to move around like molecules in a gas. Conductivity or current density per unit electric
field is decided by how often electrons collide with stationary ions. If temperature is increased the ions vibrate with more
amplitude about their mean position and the number of collisions electrons make increase and impeden the flow of
electron. So, the conductivity decreases as the temperature is increased. In metals no of electrons and its charge
remains same but mobility reduces. In semiconductors a small number of electrons are free to move. If the temperature
is increased more electrons free themselves from the parent atom and hence, the conductivity increases as the
temperature is increased. In semiconductors number of free electrons increase while the mobility increases little.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question73
Copper crystallises in f cc lattice with a unit cell edge of 361 pm. The
radius of copper atom is:
[2011RS]
Options:

A. 108pm

B. 128pm

C. 157pm

D. 181pm

Answer: B

Solution:
For f cc lattice
a√2 = 4r
a = 361pm (given)
361 × √2
r= = 127.6 ≈ 128pm
4
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question74
The edge length of a face centered cubic cell of an ionic substance is
508pm. If the radius of the cation is 110pm, the radius of the anion is
[2010]
Options:

A. 288pm

B. 398pm

C. 618pm

D. 144pm

Answer: D

Solution:

For an f cc crystal
Edge length
r cation + r anion =
2
508
110 + r anion =
2
r anion = 254 − 110 = 144pm

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question75
Percentages of free space in cubic close packed structure and in body
centered packed structure are respectively
[2010]
Options:

A. 30% and 26%

B. 26% and 32%

C. 32% and 48%

D. 48% and 26%

Answer: B

Solution:
Packing fraction is defined as the ratio of the volume of the unit cell that is occupied by the spheres to the volume of the
unit cell.
P.F. for ccp and bcc are 0.74 and 0.68 respectively. So, the free space in ccp and bcc are 26%&32% respectively.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question76
Copper crystallises in f cc with a unit cell length of 361pm. What is the
radius of copper atom?
[2009]
Options:

A. 127pm

B. 157pm

C. 181pm

D. 108pm

Answer: A

Solution:

For f cc unit cell, 4r = √2a

√2 × 361
r= = 127pm
4

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question77
In a compound, atoms of element Y form ccp lattice and those of
element X occupy 2 ∕ 3 rd of tetrahedral voids. The formula of the
compound will be
[2008]
Options:

A. X 4Y 3

B. X 2Y 3

C. X 2Y

D. X 3Y 4

Answer: A

Solution:
From the given data, we have
Number of Y atoms in a unit cell = 4
2 16
Number of X atoms in a unit cell = 8× =
3 3
From the above we get the formula of the compound as
X 16 ∕ 3Y 4 or X 4Y 3

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question78
Total volume of atoms present in a face-centred cubic unit cell of a
metal is ( r is atomic radius)
[2006]
Options:

A. 12
3
πr3

16 3
B. 3 πr

C. 20
3
πr3

D. 24
3
πr3

Answer: B

Solution:

The face centered cubic unit cell contains 4 atoms

4
∴ Total volume of atoms = 4× πr3
3
16 3
= πr
3
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question79
An ionic compound has a unit cell consisting of A ions at the corners of
a cube and B ions on the centres of the faces of the cube. The empirical
formula for this compound would be
[2005]
Options:

A. A3B

B. AB3

C. A2B

D. AB

Answer: B
Solution:

Number of A ions in the unit cell.

1
= ×8=1
8
Number of B ions in the unit cell
1
= ×6=3
2
Hence, empirical formula of the compound = AB3

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question80
What type of crystal defect is indicated in the diagram below ?
N a+Cl −N a+Cl −N a+Cl −
Cl − square Cl − N a+ square N a+
+ − − +
N a Cl square Cl N a Cl
Cl −N a+Cl −N a+ square N a+
[2004]

Options:

A. Interstitial defect

B. Schottky defect

C. Frenkel defect

D. Frenkel and Schottky defects

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
When equal number of cations and anions are missing from their regular lattice positions, we have schottky defect.
This type of defects are more common in ionic compounds with high co-ordination number and where the size of positive
and negative ionsare almost equal e.g. N aCl K Cl etc.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question81
How many unit cells are present in a cube-shaped ideal crystal of N aCl
of mass1.00g?
[Atomic masses : N a = 23, Cl = 35.5 ]
[2003]
Options:

A. 5.14 × 1021 unit cells

B. 1.28 × 1021 unit cells

C. 1.71 × 1021 unit cells

D. 2.57 × 1021 unit cells

Answer: D

Solution:

Since in N aCl type of structure 4 formula units form a cell.

No. of unit cells present in a cubic crystal
d × a3 × N A m×NA
= =
M ×Z M ×Z
1.0 × 6.02 × 1023
∴ units cells =
58.5 × 4
21
= 2.57 × 10 unit cells.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question82
Na and M g crystallize in bcc and f cc type crystals respectively, then the
number of atoms of Na and Mg present in the unit cell of their
respective crystal is
[2002]
Options:

A. 4 and 2

B. 9 and 14

C. 14 and 9

D. 2 and 4 .

Answer: D

Solution:

In bcc - points are at corners and one in the centre of the unit cell.
Number of atoms per unit cell
1
= 8× + 1 = 2
8
In f cc - points are at the corners and also centre of the six faces of each cell.
Number of atoms per unit cell
1 1
= 8× + 6× = 4
8 2

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Surface Chemistry

Question1
Statement I : For colloidal particles, the values of colligative properties
are of small order as compared to values shown by true solutions at
same concentration.
Statement II : For colloidal particles, the potential difference between
the fixed layer and the diffused layer of same charges is called the
electrokinetic potential or zeta potential.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the
options given below.
[24-Jan-2023 Shift 1]
Options:

A. Statement I is true but Statement II is false

B. Statement I is false but Statement II is true

C. Both Statement I and Statement II are true

D. Both Statement I and Statement II are false

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Statement I : For colloidal particles, the values of colligative properties are of small order as compared to values shown
by true solutions at same concentration. : True
Statement II : For colloidal particles, the potential difference between the fixed layer and the diffused layer of same
charges is called the electrokinetic potential or zeta potential. : True

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question2
The number of statement ∕ s which are the characteristics of
physisorption is____
A. It is highly specific in nature
B. Enthalpy of adsorption is high
C. It decreases with increase in temperature
D. It results into unimolecular layer
E. No activation energy is needed
[24-Jan-2023 Shift 2]
Answer: 2

Solution:

For physisorptions
(a)Decreases with increase in temperature
(b)No appreciable activation energy is required

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question3
The number of incorrect statement/s from the following is/are ________
A. Water vapours are adsorbed by anhydrous calcium chloride.
B. There is a decrease in surface energy during adsorption.
C. As the adsorption proceeds, ∆H becomes more and more negative.
D. Adsorption is accompanied by decrease in entropy of the system.
[25-Jan-2023 Shift 2]

Answer: 2

Solution:
'A' water vapours are absorbed by calcium chloride.
C. As the adsorption proceeds, ∆H becomes less and less negative.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question4
Which of the following salt solutions would coagulate the colloid
solution formed when FeCl3 is added to NaOH solution, at the fastest
rate?
[29-Jan-2023 Shift 1]
Options:

A. 10 mL of 0.2 mol dm−3 AlCl3

−3
B. 10 mL of 0.1 mol dm Na2 SO4

−3
C. 10 mL of 0.1 mol dm Ca3(PO4)2

−3
D. 10 mL of 0.15 mol dm CaCl2

Answer: A

Solution:
Sol. Formed is negatively charged solution, therefore Al3+ has highest coagulating power

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question5
Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the
other is labelled as Reason (R).
Assertion (A) : In expensive scientific instruments, silica gel is kept in
watch-glasses or in semipermeable membrane bags.
Reason (R): Silica gel adsorbs moisture from air via adsorption, thus
protects the instrument from water corrosion (rusting) and / or prevents
malfunctioning. In the light of the above statements, choose the correct
answer from the options given below :
[30-Jan-2023 Shift 1]
Options:

A. (A) is false but (R) is true

B. (A) is true but (R) is false

C. Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

D. Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Silica gel prevents water corrosion (rusting) and instrument malfunction by adsorbing moisture from the air.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question6
x
The graph of log m
vs log p for an adsorption process is a straight line
∘
inclined at an angle of 45 with intercept equal to 0.6020. The mass of
gas adsorbed per unit mass of adsorbent at the pressure of 0.4 atm is
_______ ×10−1 (Nearest integer)
Given : log 2 = 0.3010
[30-Jan-2023 Shift 2]

Answer: 16

Solution:
 x 1
log = log k + log P
m n
1 ∘
= tan 45 = 1
n
log k = 0.6020 = log 4
⇒K=4
x
∴ = K ⋅ P1 ∕ n
m
x
= 4(0.4) = 1.6
m
x −1
= 1.6 = 16 × 10
m

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question7
Adding surfactants in non polar solvent, the micelles structure will look

[31-Jan-2023 Shift 1]
Options:

A. b

B. c

C. a

D. d

Answer: C

Solution:
Non-Polar tail towards non-polar solvent
Ans. 3

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question8
Given below are two statements: One is labelled as Assertion A and the
other is labelled as Reason R.
Assertion A: Amongst He, Ne, Ar and Kr; 1g of activated charcoal
adsorbs more of Kr.
3 −1
Reason R : The critical volume Vc(cm mol ) and critical pressure
Pc(atm) is highest for Krypton but the compressibility factor at critical
point Z c is lowest for Krypton.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the
options given below.
[1-Feb-2023 Shift 1]
Options:

A. A is true but R is false

B. A is false but R is true

C. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A

D. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation A

Answer: A

Solution:

Adsorption ∝ vanderwaal attraction forces

3
Zc = for all real gases
8

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question9
In figure, a straight line is given for Freundrich Adsorption
(y = 3x + 2.505). The value of n1 and log K are respectively.

[1-Feb-2023 Shift 2]
Options:
A. 0.3 and log 2.505

B. 0.3 and 0.7033

C. 3 and 2.505

D. 3 and 0.7033

Answer: C

Solution:
x 1∕n
=Kp
m
x 1
log = log k + log P
m n
Y = 3x + 2.505,
1
n
= 3, log K = 2.505 )
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question10
Match List I with List II

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

[6-Apr-2023 shift 1]
Options:

A. A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV

B. A-I, B-IV, C-III, D-II

C. A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II

D. A-I, B-II, C-IV, D-III

Answer: C

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question11
The number of colloidal systems from the following, which will have
'liquid' as the dispersion medium, is___________
Gem stones, paints, smoke, cheese, milk, hair cream, insecticide sprays,
froth, soap lather.
[6-Apr-2023 shift 2]

Answer: 5

Solution:

Paints, milk, hair cream, froth, soap lather.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question12
The water gas on reacting with cobalt as a catalyst forms
[8-Apr-2023 shift 1]
Options:

A. Methanoic acid

B. Methanal

C. Ethanol

D. Methanol

Answer: D

Solution:

700K
(CO + H2) + H2 ───────▶ CH3 OH
ZnO, Cr2O3
↓
Catalyst

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question13
Which of the following represent the Freundlich adsorption isotherms?
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
[8-Apr-2023 shift 1]
Options:

A. A, C, D only

B. A, B only

C. A, B, D only

D. B, C, D only

Answer: C

Solution:

x x 1
= K p1 ∕ n log = log K + log P
m m n

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question14
The statement/s which are true about antagonists from the following
is/are :
A. They bind to the receptor site
B. Get transferred inside the cell for their action
C. Inhibit the natural communication of the body
D. Mimic the natural messenger.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
[8-Apr-2023 shift 2]
Options:

A. A and B

B. A and C

C. A, C and D

D. B only

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
Antagonists bind to receptor site and inhibit the natural communication of both

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question15
Coagulating value of the electrolytes AlCl3 and NaCl for As2S3 are 0.09
and 50.04 respectively. The coagulating power of AlCl3 is x times the
coagulating power of NaCl. The value of x is _______.
[8-Apr-2023 shift 2]

Answer: 556

Solution:

1
Coagulating power ∝
coagulation value
(CP)AlCl 50.04
3
= = 556
(CP)NaCl 0.09

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question16
Ferric chloride is applied to stop bleeding because -
[10-Apr-2023 shift 2]
Options:

A. Blood absorbs FeCl3 and forms a complex.

B. FeCl3 reacts with the constituents of blood which is a positively charged sol.

3+
C. Fe ions coagulate blood which is a negatively charged sol.
−
D. Cl ions cause coagulation of blood.

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Fe3+ coagulation negatively charged sol blood.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question17
The number of correct statements about modern adsorption theory of
heterogeneous catalysis from the following is
A. The catalyst is diffused over the surface of reactants.
B. Reactants are adsorbed on the surface of the catalyst.
C. Occurrence of chemical reaction on the catalyst's surface through
formation of an intermediate.
D. It is a combination of intermediate compound formation theory and
the old adsorption theory.
E. It explains the action of the catalyst as well as those of catalytic
promoters and poisons.
[11-Apr-2023 shift 2]

Answer: 3

Solution:

B, C and D are correct.

(NCERT - Surface Chemistry)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question18
Four gases A, B, C and D have critical temperature 5.3, 33.2, 126.0 and
154.3K respectively. For their adsorption on a fixed amount of charcoal,
the correct order is:
[12-Apr-2023 shift 1]
Options:

A. D > C > B > A

B. C > B > D > A

C. D > C > A > B

D. C > D > B > A

Answer: A

Solution:

Extent of adsorption alpha critical temp.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question19
What happens when a lyophilic sol is added to a lyophobic sol?
[13-Apr-2023 shift 1]
Options:

A. Film of lyophobic sol is formed over lyophilic sol.

B. Lyophilic sol is dispersed in lyophobic sol.

C. Lyophobic sol is coagulated

D. Film of lyophilic sol is formed over lyophobic sol.

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Protective film of lyophilic sol is formed over lyophobic sol.
Which protects it from coagulation.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question20
Given below are two statements, one is labelled as Assertion A and the
other is labelled as Reason R.
Assertion A : The diameter of colloidal particles in solution should not
be much smaller than wavelength of light to show Tyndall effect.
Reason R: The light scatters in all direction when the size of particles is
large enough.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the
options given below :
[13-Apr-2023 shift 2]
Options:

A. Both A and R are correct but R is NOT the correct explanation of A

B. A is true but R is false

C. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A

D. A is false but R is true

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Tyndall effect is observed only when the following two conditions are satisfied
(a) The diameter of the dispersed particle is not much smaller than the wave length of light used.
(b) Refractive indices of dispersed phase and dispersion medium differ greatly in magnitude.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question21
20 mL of 0.5M NaCl is required to coagulate 200 mL, of As2S3 solution in
2 hours. The coagulating value of NaCl is _______.
[15-Apr-2023 shift 1]

Answer: 50

Solution:

Coagulating value is required milimole of electrolyte needed to coagulate 1L sol in 2 hours. Coagulating value
20 × 0.5
× 1000 = 50
200

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question22
Given below are two statements :
Statement I : Emulsions of oil in water are unstable and sometimes they
separate into two layers on standing.
Statement II : For stabilisation of an emulsion, excess of electrolyte is
added.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate
answer from the options given below :
[24-Jun-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. Both Statement I and Statement II are correct.

B. Both Statement I and Statement II are incorrect.

C. Statement I is correct but Statement II is incorrect.

D. Statement I is incorrect but Statement II is correct.

Answer: A

Solution:
Oil in water emulsions can sometimes separate into two layers on standing.
The most relevant example for the above case is milk, which can separate into two layers on standing for a longer time.
Therefore, statement (I) is correct.
On adding excess of electrolyte, coagulation occurs and emulsion is further destabilised.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question23
When 200 mL of 0.2M acetic acid is shaken with 0.6g of wood charcoal,
the final concentration of acetic acid after adsorption is 0.1M. The mass
of acetic acid adsorbed per gram of carbon is____g.
[24-Jun-2022-Shift-2]

Answer: 2

Solution:
Mass of wood charcoal = 0.6g
Initial moles of acetic acid = 0.2 × 0.2 = 0.04
Final moles of acetic acid = 0.1 × 0.2 = 0.02
Moles of acetic acid adsorbed = 0.04 − 0.02 = 0.02
Mass of acetic acid adsorbed per gm of charcoal
0.02 × 60
= = 2.0g
0.6

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question24
Incorrect statement for Tyndall effect is :
[25-Jun-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. The refractive indices of the dispersed phase and the dispersion medium differ greatly in
magnitude.

B. The diameter of the dispersed particles is much smaller than the wavelength of the light
used.

C. During projection of movies in the cinemas hall, Tyndall effect is noticed.

D. It is used to distinguish a true solution from a colloidal solution.

Answer: B

Solution:

For Tyndall effect, the diameter of the dispersed particles is not much smaller than the wavelength of the light used.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question25
2.0g of H2 gas is adsorbed on 2.5g of platinum powder at 300K and 1 bar
pressure. The volume of the gas adsorbed per gram of the adsorbent is
___mL.
[26-Jun-2022-Shift-1]

Answer: 9960

Solution:

PV = nRT
2 × 0.083 × 300
V= = 24.9 litre
2×1
∴ Volume of the gas adsorbed per gram of the adsorbent
24.9
= = 9.96L
2.5
= 9960 ml

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question26
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

[27-Jun-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. (A) - (II), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (III)

B. (A) - (III), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (II)

C. (A) - (II), (B) - (I), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV)

D. (A) − (III), (B) − (II), (C) − (I), (D) − (IV)

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
(A) Protective colloids are lyophilic colloids
(B) Emulsions are liquid in liquid colloidal solutions
(C) FeCl3 + hot water forms positively charged colloidal solution of hydrated ferric oxide.
−
(D) FeCl3 + NaOH forms negatively charged colloidal solution due to preferential adsorption of OH ions

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question27

If the initial pressure of a gas is 0.03 atm, the mass of the gas adsorbed
−2
per gram of the adsorbent is ____×10 g
[27-Jun-2022-Shift-2]

Answer: 12

Solution:
Given that log K = intercept = 0.602 = log 4
∴K = 4
1
Slope = =1
n
and initial pressure = 0.03 atm
x 1∕n −2
= K (p) = 4 × 0.03 = 0.12 = 12 × 10
m
mass of gas absorbed per gm of adsorbent
−2
= 12 × 10 g

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question28
The Zeta potential is related to which property of colloids?
[28-Jun-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. Colour

B. Tyndall effect

C. Charge on the surface of colloidal particles

D. Brownian movement

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
The potential difference between the fixed layer and the diffused layer of opposite charges is called zeta potential.
It is related to the charge on the surface of colloidal particles.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question29
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

[28-Jun-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. (A) - (II), (B) - (III), (C) - (IV), (D) - (I)

B. (A) - (II), (B) - (I), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV)

C. (A) - (II), (B) - (III), (C) - (I), (D) - (IV)

D. (A) − (I ), (B) − (I I I ), (C) − (I I ), (D) − (I V )

Answer: C

Solution:
Negative charged sol = CdS sol (II)
Macromolecular colloid = starch (III)
Positively charged sol = Fe2O3 ⋅ xH2O (I)
Cheese = gel (IV)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question30
Which of the following is a correct statement?
[29-Jun-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. Any amount of dispersed liquid can be added to emulsion without destabilising it.

B. Presence of equal and similar charges on colloidal particles provides stability to the colloids.

C. Mixing two oppositely charged sols neutralises their charges and stabilises the colloid.

D. Brownian movement stabilises sols.

Answer: 0

Solution:

Solution:
If there are similar charges on colloidal particles, neutralization does not take place and the colloid becomes stable. So,
option (B) is correct.
Brownian movement helps to counter the force of gravity acting on colloidal particles and thus doesn't allow them to
settle down.
Therefore, option (D) is also correct.
When two oppositely charged sols are mixed, coagulation takes place due to neutralization. So, option (A) is wrong.
When dispersed phase is added in excess, it forms a separate layer and thus the emulsion gets destabilized. So, option
(C) is also wrong.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question31
A 42.12%(w ∕ v) solution of NaCl causes precipitation of a certain sol in
10 hours. The coagulating value of NaCl for the sol in 2 hours is :
−1 −1
[Given : Molar mass : Na = 23.0gmol ; Cl = 35.5gmol ]
[29-Jun-2022-Shift-2]
Options:
−1
A. 36m mol L
−1
B. 36 mol L
−1
C. 1440 mol L
−1
D. 1440m mol L

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Data insufficient.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question32
For micelle formation, which of the following statements are correct?
A. Micelle formation is an exothermic process.
B. Micelle formation is an endothermic process.
C. The entropy change is positive.
D. The entropy change is negative.
[25-Jul-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. A and D only

B. A and C only

C. B and C only

D. B and D only

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Micelle formation is an endothermic process with positive entropy change.
For micelle formation, DS >0 (hydrophobic effect) This is possible because, the decrease in entropy due to clustering is
offset by increase in entropy due to desolvation of the surfactant, Also DH > 06.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question33
Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion A and the
other is labelled as Reason R.
Assertion A: Finest gold is red in colour, as the size of the particles
increases, it appears purple then blue and finally gold.
Reason R: The colour of the colloidal solution depends on the
wavelength of light scattered by the dispersed particles.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate
answer from the options given below.
[26-Jul-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.

B. Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.

C. A is true but R is false.

D. A is false but R is true.

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Finest gold sol is red in colour; as the size of particles increases, it appears purple, then blue and finally golden.
The colour of colloidal solution depends on the wavelength of light scattered by the dispersed particles. The wavelength
of light further depends on size and nature of the particles.
Hence, Both A and $R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question34
Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion (A) and
the other is labelled as Reason (R)
Assertion (A) : Dissolved substances can be removed from a colloidal
solution by diffusion through a parchment paper.
Reason (R) : Particles in a true solution cannot pass through parchment
paper but the colloidal particles can pass through the parchment paper.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the
options given below :
[27-Jul-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

B. Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

C. (A) is correct but (R) is not correct

D. (A) is not correct but (R) is correct

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Parchment paper is a semi-permeable membrane which allows particles of true solution to pass through as their size are
too small.
Assertion is correct but reason is incorrect.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question35
Statements about Enzyme Inhibitor Drugs are given below:
(A) There are Competitive and Non-competitive inhibitor drugs.
(B) These can bind at the active sites and allosteric sites.
(C) Competitive Drugs are allosteric site blocking drugs.
(D) Non-competitive Drugs are active site blocking drugs.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
[28-Jul-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. (A), (D) only

B. (A), (C) only

C. (A), (B) only

D. (A), (B), (C) only

Answer: C

Solution:
Drugs can inhibit the attachment of substrate on active site of Enzyme in two ways.
(1) Competitive, (2) Non-competitive
Competitive inhibitors bind on the active site of Enzymes. Non-Competitive inhibitors bind on allosteric site.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question36
Among the following the number of curves not in accordance with
Freundlich adsorption isotherm is ________.

[28-Jul-2022-Shift-2]

Answer: 3

Solution:
 1
X
= KP n
m
x 1
log = log p + log k
m n

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question37
100 mL of 5% (w\/v) solution of NaCl in water was prepared in 250 mL
beaker. Albumin from the egg was poured into NaCl solution and stirred
well. This resulted in a\/an :
[29-Jul-2022-Shift-1]
Options:

A. Lyophilic sol

B. Lyophobic sol

C. Emulsion

D. Precipitate

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Albumin from the egg was poured into 100 mL of 5%(w ∕ v) NaCl solution in water. This would result in the formation of
Iyophilic sol. Albumin molecules get dispersed in water the colloidal particles of albumin are stabilised by hydrogen bond
with water molecules.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question38
Given below are the critical temperatures of some of the gases:

The gas showing least adsorption on a definite amount of charcoal is

[29-Jul-2022-Shift-2]
Options:

A. He

B. CH4

C. CO2

D. NH3

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
The greater the value of critical temperature greater is adsorption as He has the least critical temperature so it adsorb
least.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question39
In Freundlich adsorption isotherm at moderate pressure, the extent of
adsorption ( ) is directly proportional to p . The value of x is
x
m
x

[25 Feb 2021 Shift 1]

Options:

A. 1

B. zero

C. ∞

D. 1 ∕ n

Answer: D

Solution:
1
According to Freundlich isotherm, at moderate pressure, extent of adsorption ( )
x
m
∝ (p) n

At moderate pressure,
x 1∕n
= k(p)
m
x 1∕n
∝ (p) . . . (i)
m
 x x
∝ p (Given in question) . . . (ii)
m
Compare Eqs. (i) and (ii),

1∕n x
(p) ∝p
1
x=
n
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question40
The nature of charge on resulting colloidal particles when F eCl 3 is
added to excess of hot water is
[26 Feb 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

A. Positive

B. Sometimes positive and sometimes negative

C. Neutral

D. Negative

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
When F eCl 3 is added to excess of hot water,
a positively charged hydrated ferric oxide [F e2O3 ⋅ xH 2O ∕ F e3+] is formed due to adsorption F e3+ ion (adsorbate) on the
surface of hydrated ferric oxide (adsorbent).
H 2O (Excess)
F eCl 3 ───────▶ [F e2O3 ⋅ xH 2O] ⋅ F e3+ + 3Cl −(aq)
(Positively charged sol or positive colloid)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question41
Which one of the following statements is false for hydrophilic sols ?
[25 Feb 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

A. They do not require electrolytes for stability.

B. These sols are reversible in nature.

C. Their viscosity is of the order of that of H 2O.

D. The sols cannot be easily coagulated.

Answer: C

Solution:
Statement (c) is false whereas other statements are true.
Corrected statement is as follows:
Viscosity of hydrophilic sols is higher than that of the dispersion medium, i.e. H 2O, because there is a high concentration
of dispersed phase in water.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question42
Most suitable salt which can be used for efficient clotting of blood will
be
[24 Feb 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

A. N aH CO3

B. F eSO4

C. M g(H CO3)2

D. F eCl 3

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
According to Hardy-Schulze rule, for negatively charged sol, most (+ve) charged ion is needed for efficient coagulation.
Blood is a negatively charged sol. Hence F eCl 3 can be used for blood clotting and it from F e3+ ion.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question43
In Freundlich adsorption isotherm, slope of mathrm AB line is:

[24 Feb 2021 Shift 1]

Options:

A. log n with (n > 1)

B. n with ( n, 0.1 to 0.5 )

1
C. log n
with (n < 1)
D. 1 with
n ( 1
n
= 0 to 1)

Answer: D

Solution:
Freundlich adsorption isotherm
x 1∕n
= kp
m
Taking logarithm
log ( )
x
m
1
= log k + log p ⇒ y = c + mx
n
m = 1 ∕ n so slope will be equal to 1 ∕ n.

1
can have value between 0 and 1.
n

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question44
Match List-I with List-II.

[18 Mar 2021 Shift 1]

Options:

A. A - 2, B - 4, C - 1, D - 3

B. A - 1, B - 3, C - 2, D - 4

C. A - 3, B - 1, C - 4, D - 2

D. A - 4, B - 2, C - 1, D - 3

Answer: C

Solution:
4-methoxy toluene in the presence of alkaline K M nO4 to give 4-methoxy benzoic acid.
Chemical reaction is as follows:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question45
The charges on the colloidal CdS sol and TiO2 sol are, respectively
[18 Mar 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

A. positive and positive

B. positive and negative

C. negative and negative

D. negative and positive

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Oxides and hydroxide sol are positively charged.
So, T iO2 is positive sol. Sulphide sol are negatively charge hence, Cd S is negatively charge sol.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question46
For the coagulation of a negative sol, the species below, that has the
highest flocculating power is
[17 Mar 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

A. SO42−

B. Ba2+

C. N a+

D. PO43−

Answer: B

Solution:
To coagulate negative sol, Ba2+ cation has highest coagulation value.
For a negative sol, a positive ion is required for flocculation. According to Hardy-Schulze law, greater the valence of the
flocculating ion added, the greater is its power to cause precipitation.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question47
A colloidal system consisting of a gas dispersed in a solid is called a/an
[17 Mar 2021 Shift 1]
Options:

A. solid sol

B. gel

C. aerosol

D. foam

Answer: A

Solution:

A colloidal system consisting of a gas (dispersed phase) dispersed in a solid (dispersed medium) is called a solid sol.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question48
Given below are two statement : one is labelled as Assertion A and the
other is labelled as Reason R.
Assertion A : SO2(g) is adsorbed to a large extent than H 2(g) on
activated charcoal.
Reason R : SO2(g) has a higher critical temperature than H2(g).
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate
answer from the options given below.
[27 Jul 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

A. Both A and R are correct but R is not thecorrect explanation fo A

B. Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

C. A is not correct but R is correct.

D. A is correct but R is not correct.

Answer: B

Solution:

Gases having higher critical temperature absorb to a greater extent.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question49
CO2 gas adsorbs on charcoal following Freundlich adsorption isotherm.
For a given amount of charcoal, the mass of CO2 adsorbed becomes 64
times when the pressure of CO2 is doubled.
The value of n in the Freundlich isotherm equation is _________ ×10−2.
(Round off to the Nearest Integer)
[27 Jul 2021 Shift 1]

Answer: 17

Solution:
Freundlich isotherm.
1
x n
=k.p
m
1
Substituting values ; ( )
64
1
n 1
= (2) ⇒n = = 0.166
6
−2
≅17 × 10

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question50
Which one of the following statements is not true about enzymes ?
[20 Jul 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

A. Enzymes are non-specific for a reaction and substrate.

B. Almost all enzymes are proteins.

C. Enzymes work as catalysts by lowering the activation energy of a biochemical reaction.

D. The action of enzymes is temperature and pH specific

Answer: A

Solution:

Fact
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question51
Match List I with List II :

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below
[25 Jul 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

A. (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)

B. (a)-(iv), (b)-(i), (c)-(iii), (d)-(ii)

C. (a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)

D. (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)

Answer: D

Solution:

Cheese → liquid in solid

Pumice stone → gas in solid
Hair cream → liquid in liquid
Cloud → liquid in gas

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question52
100ml of 0.0018%(w ∕ v) solution of Cl −ion was the minimum
concentration of Cl −required to precipitate a negative sol in one h. The
coagulating value of Cl −ion is _______. (Nearest integer)
[20 Jul 2021 Shift 2]
Answer: 1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question53
The conditions given below are in the context of observing Tyndall
effect in colloidal solutions:
(A) The diameter of the colloidal particles is comparable to the
wavelength of light used.
(B) The diameter of the colloidal particles is much smaller than the
wavelength of light used.
(C) The diameter of the colloidal particles is much larger than the
wavelength of light used.
(D) The refractive indices of the dispersed phase and the dispersion
medium are comparable.
(E) The dispersed phase has a very different refractive index from the
dispersion medium.
Choose the most appropriate conditions from the options given below:
[20 Jul 2021 Shift 1]

Options:

A. (A) and (E) only

B. (C) and (D) only

C. (A) and (D) only

D. (B) and (E) only

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
The phenomenon of scattering of light by colloidal particles as a result of which the path of the beam becomes visible is
called a tyndall effect.
smaller the diameter and similar the magnitude of refractive indices, lesser is the scattering and hence the tyndall effect
and viced-versa.
The diameter of the dispersed phase particle should not be smaller than the wavelength of light used because they won't
be able to scatter the light so, therefore, the diameter of the dispersed particles should be equal or not much smaller
than the wavelength of the light used.
2. The refractive indies (i.e. the ratio of the velocity of light in vacuum to the velocity of light in any medium) of the
dispersed phase and the dispersion medium should differ greatly in magnitude than only the particles will be able to
scatter the light and tyndall effect will be obersved.
On the other hand, if the refractive indices of the dispersed phase and dispersion medium are almost similar in
magnitude, then there will be no scattering of light and hence, therefore, no tyndall effect effect is observed.
Hence answer A and E are correct.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question54
CH4 is adsorbed on 1g charcoal at 0°C following the Freundlich
adsorption isotherm. 10.0 mL of CH4 is adsorbed at 100 mm of Hg,
whereas 15.0 mL is adsorbed at 200 mm of Hg. The volume of
CH4adsorbed at 300 mm of Hg is 10x mL. The value of x is ........ × 10−2.
(Nearest integer)
[Use log10 2 = 0.3010, log103 = 0.4771]
[31 Aug 2021 Shift 2]
Answer: 128

Solution:

According to Freundlich isotherm,

1
x n
= kp
m
(Using, amount of adsorbate ∝ Volume of absorbate)
1
10
= k × (100) n ...(i)
1
1
15 n
= k × (200) ...(ii)
1
1
v
= k × (300) n ...(iii)
1
Divide Eq. (ii) by (i)
1
15
= 2x
10
⇒log ( )
3
2
1
= log 2
n
1 log 3 − log 2 0.4771 − 0.3010
= =
n log 2 0.3010
1
= 0.585
n
Divide Eq. (iii) by (i)
1
v
= 3n
10
log ( )
v
10
1
= log 3
n
log ( )
v
10
= 0.585 × 0.4771 = 0.2791
v 0.2791
= 10
10
⇒v = 10 × 100.2791
= 101.279 = 10x
x = 1.279
x = 128 × 10−2

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Question55
Select the graph that correctly describes the adsorption isotherms at
two temperatures T1 and T2 (T1 > T2) for a gas.
(x = mass of the gas adsorbed; m = mass of adsorbent; p = pressure)
[31 Aug 2021 Shift 1]
Options:

A.

B.

C.

D.

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
The graph that correctly describes the absorption isotherms at
two temperature T1 and T2 is given by option (d).
According to Freundlich’s adsorption isotherm, the amount of the gas adsorbed is directly proportional to pressure
1
applied raised to the power .
n
1

m
x
[ 1
∝ pn 0 < < 1
n ]
x
So, on increasing temperature, decreases.
m
∴ Adsorption is basically exothermic in nature. Hence, correct option is (d).

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question56
Which one of the following is correct for the adsorption of a gas at a
given temperature on a solid surface?
[26 Aug 2021 Shift 1]
Options:

A. ΔH > 0, ΔS > 0

B. ΔH > 0, ΔS < 0

C. ΔH < 0, ΔS < 0

D. ΔH < 0, ΔS > 0

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
The ΔH (enthalpy change) and ΔS (entropy change) will be less than zero for adsorption of gas on solid surface, i.e.
ΔH < 0, ΔS < 0.
Entropy change ( ΔS ) The randomness of the gas molecules decreases as they are adsorb on solid surface due to
restriction in their motion.
∴ ∆S is negative.
Enthalpy change (ΔH) Adsorption of gas on solid surface is an exothermic process, as there is force of attraction
between adsorbate and adsorbent.
∴ ∆H is negative.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question57
Lyophilic sols are more stable than lyophobic sols because
[27 Aug 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

A. there is a strong electrostatic repulsion between the negatively charged colloidal particles.

B. the colloidal particles have positive charge.

C. the colloidal particles have no charge.

D. the colloidal particles are solvated.

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Lyophilic sols are more stable than Iyophobic sols. Lyophilic sols are solvent loving, whereas lyophobic sols are solvent
hating. The dispersed phase in lyophobic sols has no attraction for the solvent. The dispersed phase in lyophilic sols has
attraction for the solvent. The colloidal particles are solvated in the dispersed medium and therefore stabilised through
solvation process.
Therefore, the option (d) is correct.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question58
Tyndall effect is more effectively shown by
[27 Aug 2021 Shift 1]
Options:

A. true solution

B. Iyophilic colloid

C. lyophobic colloid

D. suspension

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Tyndall effect is more effectively shown by lyophobic colloid because in lyophobic colloids, the particles are not as highly
solvated as in lyophilic sols. So, the difference in refractive index between the particles and the medium is quite large in
lyophobic colloids. Therefore, the tyndall effect is more pronounced in lyophobic sols or colloids.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question59
The sol given below with negatively charged colloidal particles is
[26 Aug 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

A. FeCl3 added to hot water

B. KI added to AgNO3 solution

C. AgNO3 added to KI solution

D. Al2O3 . XH2O in water

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
● When AgNO3 is added to KI,
AgNO3 Kl
Kl ───▶ Agl ↓ ──▶ Agl ┋ I−
Negatively charged
Iodide ion gets adsorbed on the surface of AgI. This will result in formation of negatively charged colloids.
● When KI is added to AgNO3 following reaction takes place.
Kl AgNO3
AgNO3───▶ Agl ↓ ───▶ Agl ┋ Ag+
Positively charged
Silver cation gets adsorbed on surface of AgI, resulting in formation of positively charged colloids.
● Option (a) and (d) will form positively charged colloids.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question60
Match List-I with List - II.

Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
ABCD
[1 Sep 2021 Shift 2]
Options:

A. A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4

B. A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2

C. A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1

D. A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3

Answer: B

Solution:

According to type of reaction for colloid preparation, colloidshave been classified.

A. Hydrolysis - FeCl + 3H2O → Fe(OH)3(sol) + 3 HCl
B. Reduction - 2AuCl3 + 3 HCHO + 3H2 → 2 Au(sol) + 3 HCOOH + 6 HCl
C. Oxidation - SO2 + 2H2S → 3S(sol) + 2H2O
D. Double decomposition - As O3 + 3H2S → As2S3(sol) + 3H2O
Hence, the correct match is
A → 4, B → 1, C → 3, D → 2.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question61
A mixture of gases O2, H 2and CO are taken in a closed vessel containing
charcoal. The graph that represents the correct behaviour of pressure
with time is:
[Jan. 09,2020 (II) ]
Options:

A.
B.

C.

D.

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
Initially, adsorption of gases at the surface of charcoal occurs rapidly which results in a sudden decrease in pressure. As
the number of vacant sites at the surface of adsorbent decreases with the passage of time, rate of adsorption decreases.
Therefore, pressure tends to be constant.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question62
As per Hardy-Schulze formulation, the flocculation values of the
following for ferric hydroxide sol are in the order:
[Jan. 08,2020 (T)]
Options:

A. K 3[F e(CN )6] < K 2CrO4 < K Br = K N O3 = Al Cl 3

B. K 3[F e(CN )6] < K 2CrO4 < Al Cl 3 < K Br < K N O3

C. Al Cl 3 > K 3[F e(CN )6] > K 2CrO4 > K Br = K N O3

D. K 3[F e(CN )6] > Al Cl 3 > K 2CrO4 > K Br > K N O3

Answer: A

Solution:

1
According to Hardy-Schulze, Coagulation value or fluocculation value ∝
Coagulation power
order of coagulation power: K 3[F e(CN )6] > K 2CrO4 > K Br = K N O3 = Al Cl 3
∴ order of flocculation value :
K 3[F e(CN )6] < K 2CrO4 < K Br = K N O3 = Al Cl 3

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question63
−1
The flocculation value of H Cl for arsenic sulphide sol. is 30m mol L .
If H 2SO4 is used for the flocculation of arsenic sulphide, the amount, in
grams, of H 2SO4 in 250 mL required for the above purpose is______
g
(molecular mass of H 2SO4 = 98 mol )
[NV, Jan. 07,2020(II)]

Answer: 0.37

Solution:
0 . 37
For 1L sol 30m mol of H Cl is required
∴ For 1L sol 15mmol H 2SO4 is required
For 250mL of sol , H 2SO4 required
15
= × 250mmol H 2SO4
1000
= 3.75mmol of H 2SO4
1mol H 2SO4 = 98g
3.75mmol of H 2SO4
−3
= 3.75 × 98 × 10
= 0.3675gH 2SO4

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question64
For Freundlich adsorption isotherm, a plot of log(x ∕ m)( y− axis) and
log p( x− axis ) gives a straight line. The intercept and slope for the line
is 0.4771 and 2 , respectively. The mass of gas, adsorbed per gram of
adsorbent if the initial pressure is 0.04atm, is ____×10−4g
(log 3 = 0.4771)
[NV, Sep. 06, 2020 (II)]

Answer: 48

Solution:

Freundlich adsorption isotherm:

x 1∕n
= kp
m
x 1
⇒log = log k + log p
m n
Slope
1
n ( )
=2

Intercept =log k=0.4771, so k= Antilog (0.4771)=3 So, ( mx ) = k(p)

1∕n

x 2
= 3 ⋅ p (p = 0.04atm)
m
2 −4
= 3 × (0.04) = 48 × 10

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question65
Adsorption of a gas follows Freundlich adsorption isotherm. If x is the
mass of the gas adsorbed on mass m of the adsorbent, the correct plot
x
of m versus p is:
[Sep. 05, 2020 (II)]
Options:

A.

B.

C.

D.
Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
x
As adsorption is exothermic process, hence decrcases with increase of temperature.
m

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question66
The mass of gas adsorbed, x, per unit mass of adsorbate, m, was
measured at various pressures, p. A graph between log x ∕ m and log p
gives a straight line with slope equal to 2 and the intercept equal to
0.4771. The value of x ∕ m at a pressure of 4 atm is: (Given
log 3 = 0.4771 )
[NV, Sep.02,2020(I)]

Answer: 48

Solution:

Solution:
1
Sol. ( )
m
x
= k(P) n

log ( )
x
m
1
= log k + log P
n
1
Slop = =2
n
1
So n =
2
Intercept ⟹log k = 0.477 so k = Antilog (0.477) = 3

1
So
m( )
x
= k(P) n
2
= 3[4] = 48

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question67
Amongst the following statements regarding adsorption, those that are
valid are :
(1) ∆H becomes less negative as adsorption proceeds.
(2) On a given adsorbent, ammonia is adsorbed more than nitrogen gas.
(3) On adsorption, the residual force acting along the surface of the
adsorbent increases.
(4) With increase in temperature, the equilibrium concentration of
adsorbate increases.
[Sep. 02,2020(II)]

Options:

A. (4) and (1)

B. (2) and (3)

C. (1) and (2)

D. (3) and (4)

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
(i) When gas is adsorbed on metal surface, ∆H becomes less negative with progress of adsorption.
(ii) The gas having greater value of critical temperature (T c) is adsorbed more compared to lower T c containing gases.
AsT c(N H 3) > T c(N 2), so N H 3 is adsorbed more than N 2 gas.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question68
Kraft temperature is the temperature:
[Sep. 06, 2020(I)]
Options:

A. below which the aqueous solution of detergents starts freezing.

B. below which the formation of micelles takes place.

C. above which the aqueous solution of detergents starts boiling.

D. above which the formation of micelles takes place.

Answer: D

Solution:
Above Kraft temperature the formation of micelles takes place and the conc. above which micelle formation become
appreciable is called critical micelles conc.
Question69
Identify the correct molecular picture showing what happens at the
critical micellar concentration (CMC) of an aqueous solution of a
surfactant (o polar head, m non-polar tail, ⋅ water )

[Sep.06,2020(I)]
Options:

A. (D)

B. (B)

C. (A)

D. (C)

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
In micelle formation, above "CMC" hydrocarbon
chains are pointing towards the centre of sphere with COO part remaining outward on the surface.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question70
A sample of red ink (a colloidal suspension) is prepared by mixing eosin
dye, egg white, HCHO and water. The component which ensures
stabilitiy of the ink sample is:
[Sep.04, 2020 (II)]

Options:

A. Egg white

B. Water

C. HCHO

D. Eosin dye

Answer: A

Solution:
Egg white is used to stabilise the prepared colloidal solution of red ink.
Question71
Tyndall effect is observed when:
[Sep. 03, 2020 (I) ]
Options:

A. The diameter of dispersed particles is much larger than the wavelength of light used.

B. The diameter of dispersed particles is much smaller than the wavelength of light used.

C. The refractive index of dispersed phase is greater than that of the dispersion medium.

D. The diameter of dispersed particles is similar to the wavelength of light used.

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Tyndall effect is observed only when the following two conditions are satisfied.
(i) The diameter of the dispersed particles is not much smaller than the wavelength of the light used.
(ii) The refractive indices of the dispersed phase and the dispersion medium differ greatly in magnitude.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question72
An ionic micelle is formed on the addition of :
[Sep. 03,2020 (II)]

Options:

A. liquid diethyl ether to aqueous mathrm N aCl solution

B.

C.

D. Sodium stearate to pure toluene

Answer: C

Solution:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question73
Which of the following is used for the preparation of colloids?
[Sep.02,2020(I)]
Options:

A. Ostwald Process

B. Van Arkel Method

C. Bredig's Arc Method

D. Mond Process

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Bredig's Arc method is used for preparation of colloidal sol's of less reactive metal like Au, Ag, Pt.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question74
The size of a raw mango shrinks to a much smaller size when kept in a
concentrated salt solution. Which one of the following processes can
explain this?
[Sep. 02,2020(II)]
Options:

A. Osmosis

B. Dialysis

C. Diffusion

D. Reverse osmosis

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
It is an example of osmosis. Osmosis is the movement
of solvent across a semipermeable membrane towards a higher concentration of solute (concentrated solution).
Question75
Given gas critical temperature ∕K for
H 2 CH 4 CO2 SO2 is
33 190 304 630
On the basis of data given above, predict which of the following gases
shows least adsorption on a definite amount of charcoal?
[Jan. 12, 2019 (I)]
Options:

A. SO2

B. CH 4

C. CO2

D. H 2

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Smaller the value of critical temperature of gas, lesser is the extent of adsorption.
∴ Least adsorption is shown by H 2 (least critical temperature).

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question76
Adsorption of a gas follows Freundlich adsorption isotherm. In the given
plot, x is the mass of the gas adsorbed on mass m of the adsorbent at
x
pressure p. m is proportional to:

[Jan. 9,2019(I)]
Options:

A. p2

B. p1 ∕ 4

C. p1 ∕ 2

D. p

Answer: C
Solution:

In Freundlich adsorption isotherm the extent of adsorption ( mx ) of a gas on the surface of a solid is related to the
pressure of the gas (p) which can be formulated as:
x
= k(p)1 ∕ n
m
x 1
⇒log = log k + log p
m n
x 2 1
In the given plol, the slope between log versus log p = =
m 4 2
x 1∕2
∴ ∝p
m

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question77
Which of the following is not an example of heterogeneous catalytic
reaction?
[Jan.10, 2019 (I)]
Options:

A. Ostwald's process

B. Combustion of coal

C. Hydrogenatoin of vegetable oils

D. Haber's process

Answer: B

Solution:

C + O2 → CO2 (No catalyst is required)

Pt
In Ostwald process, Haber's process and hydrogenation of vegetable oils, catalyst (solid) such as , F e and Ni are used.
Rh

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question78
Among the following, the false statement is:
[Jan,12, 2019(II)]
Options:

A. It is possible to cause artificial rain by throwing electrified sand carrying charge opposite to
the one on clouds from an aeroplane.

B. Tyndall effect can be used to distinguish between a colloidal solution and a true solution.

C. Lyophilic sol can be coagulated by adding an electrolyte.

D. Latex is a colloidal solution of rubber particles which are positively charged.

Answer: D

Solution:

Latex is a colloidal solution of negatively charged rubber particles.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question79
An example of solid sol is:
[Jan. 11,2019(T)]
Options:

A. Paint

B. Gem stones

C. Butter

D. Hair cream

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
Gem stones are solid sol

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question80
Among the colloids cheese (C), milk (M) and smoke (S), the correct
combination of the dispersed phase and dispersion medium,
respectively is:
[Jan. 11, 2019 (II)]
Options:

A. C: liquid in solid; M : liquid in solid; S : solid in gas

B. C: liquid in solid; M : liquid in liquid; S : solid in gas

C. C : solid in liquid; M : liquid in liquid; S : gas in solid

D. C: solid in liquid; M : solid in liquid; S : solid in gas

Answer: B

Solution:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question81
Hemoglobin and gold sol are examples of:
[Jan. 10,2019 (II)]
Options:

A. positively and negatively charged sols, respectively

B. positively charged sols

C. negatively charged sols

D. negatively and positively charged sols, respectively

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Hacmoglobin and gold sol (metal) are examples of
positive and negative sols, respectively.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question82
For coagulation of arsenious sulphide sol, which one of the following
salt solution will be most effective?
[Jan.9,2019(II)]
Options:

A. BaCl 2

B. A1Cl 3

C. N aCl

D. N a3PO4

Answer: B

Solution:
For coagulation of a negatively charged arsenious
sulphide sol, the cation which is in higher oxidation state will be most effective.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question83
A gas undergoes physical adsorption on a surface and follows the given
Freundlich adsorption isotherm equation m x
= kp0.5 Adsorption of the
gas increases with :
[April 10, 2019 (I)]

Options:

A. Decrease in p and increase in T

B. Decrease in p and decrease in T

C. Increase in pand decrease in T

D. Increase in p and increase in T

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Freundlich adsorption is applicable for physical adsorption. The variation of extent of adsorption with (i) Pressure and (ii)
Temperature is given by the following curves.

Hence, extent of adsorption increases with increase in pressure and decrease in temperature.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question84
10mL of 1 mM surfactant solution forms a monolayer covering 0.24cm2
on a polar substrate. If the polar head is approximated as a cube, what
is its edge length?
[April 9, 2019 (II)]
Options:

A. 1.0pm

B. 2.0pm

C. 0.1nm

D. 2.0nm
Answer: B

Solution:

10
No. of surfactant molecule =6 × 1023 × × 10−3
1000
= 6 × 1018 molecule
Let edge length = a cm
Total surface area of surfactant = 6 × 1018a2
= 0.24cm2
a2 = 0.24 = 0.04 × 10−18 = 4 × 10−20
6 × 1018
a = 2 × 10−10cm = 2 pm
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question85
Adsorption of a gas follows Freundlich adsorption isotherm. x is the
x
mass of the gas adsorbed on mass m of the adsorbent. The plot of m
x
versus log p is shown in the given graph. m
is proportional to:

[April 8,2019 (I)]

Options:

2
A. p3
3
B. p2

C. p3

D. p2

Answer: A

Solution:
According to Freundlich adsorption isotherm
1 1
x n x n
∝p ; = kp
m m
2
Slope =
3
x 1
log = log k + log p
m n
1 2
Slope = =
n 3
2
x
∝p3
m
Question86
Peptization is a :
[April 12, 2019 (I)]
Options:

A. process of bringing colloidal molecule into solution

B. process of converting precipitate into colloidal solution

C. process of converting a colloidal solution into precipitate

D. process of converting soluble particles to form colloidal solution

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
Peptisation is the process of converting a precipitate
into a colloidal sol by shaking it with dispersion medium in the presence of small amount of electrolyte. It is also known
as deflocculation.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question87
Among the following, the INCORRECT statement about colloids is:
[April 12, 2019 (II)]
Options:

A. They can scatter light.

B. They are larger than small molecules and have high molar mass.

C. The osmotic pressure of a colloidal solution is of higher order than the true solution at the
same concentration.

D. The range of diameters of colloidal particles is between 1 and 1000nm.

Answer: C

Solution:

Due to the association of solute molecule till they

acquire colloidal dimensions, the osmotic pressure of a colloidal solution is of lower order than that of true solution at the
same concentation.
π=iCRT
i (vant hoff factor) is less in colloidal solution than true solution. So, π (osmotic pressures) will also be less in colloidal
solution.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Question88
The correct option among the following is:
[April 10,2019 (II)]

Options:

A. Colloidal medicines are more effective because they have small surface area.

B. Addition of alum to water makes it unfit for drinking

C. Colloidal particles in Iyophobic sols can be precipitated by electrophoresis.

D. Brownian motion in colloidal solution is faster if the viscosity of the solution is very high.

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
The process of electrophoresis is used to precipitate colloidal particles in lyophobic sols.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question89
The aerosol is a kind of colloid in which:
[April 9, 2019 (I)]
Options:

A. solid is dispersed in gas

B. gas is dispersed in solid

C. gas is dispersed in liquid

D. liquid is dispersed in water

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
In aerosol, the dispersion medium is gas while the dispersed phase can be both solid or liquid.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question90
Which one of the following is not a property of physical adsorption?
[Online April 16,2018]
Options:

A. Higher the pressure, more the adsorption

B. Greater the surface area, more the adsorption

C. Lower the temperature, more the adsorption

D. Unilayer adsorption occurs

Answer: D

Solution:

The physical adsorption is temperature and pressure dependent. It increases with increase in pressure and decreases
with increase in temperature. Also, when there is more surface area then physical adsorption will be more. Physical
adsorption formsmultiple layer of adsorption. Thus, statement given in option (d) is incorrect.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question91
If x gram of gas is adsorbed by m gram of adsorbent at pressure P, the
x
plot of log m versus log P is linear. The slope of the plot is: (n and k are
constants and n > 1 )
[Online April 15, 2018 (II)]
Options:

A. log k

1
B. n

C. 2k

D. n

Answer: B

Solution:

According to Freundlich adsorption isotherm.

1
x
= kp n
m
x 1
log10 = log10P + log10k
m n
This is the equation of straight line of type
1
y = mx + c. Hence slope is (m) and intercept is log10k.
n

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question92
Which of the following statements about colloids is false?
[Online April 15, 2018 (I)]
Options:
A. When silver nitrate solution is added to potassium iodide solution, a negatively charged
colloidal solution is formed

B. Freezing point of colloidal solution is lower than true solution at same concentration of a
solute

C. Colloidal particles can pass through ordinary filter paper

D. When excess of electrolyte is added to colloidal solution, colloidal particle will be

precipitated

Answer: B

Solution:
(a) When silver nitrate solution is added to potassium iodide solution, a negatively charged colloidal solution is formed
−
due to selective adsorption of I ion from the dispersion medium. However, if the order of addition is reversed, i.e,
+
potassiumiodide solution is added to silver nitrate solution, due to selective adsorption of Ag ion from the dispersion
medium, a positively charged colloidal solution is obtained.
(b) Freezing point of colloidal solution is same as that of true solutionat same concentration of a solute. The depression in
freezing point is a colloidal property and depends on the number of solute particles and independent of size or shape of
solute particles.
(c) Colloidal particles are so small that they can pass throughordinary filter paper. Also, they cannot be seen with
ordinary microscope.
(d) When excess of electrolyte is added to colloidal solution, colloidal particle will be precipitated. Although electrolytes in
minute quantities are necessary for the stabilityof colloids, they cause coagulation of disperse phase if present in large
quantities.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question93
Adsorption of a gas on a surface follows Freundlich adsorption
x
isotherm. Plot of log m versus log p gives a straight line with slope cqual
x
to 0.5, then : ( m is the mass of the gas adsorbed per gram of adsorbent)
[Online April 9, 2017]
Options:

A. Adsorption is independent of pressure.

B. Adsorption is proportional to the pressure.

C. Adsorption is proportional to the squareroot of pressure.

D. Adsorption is proportional to the square of pressure.

Answer: C

Solution:
 x 1
According to Freundlich adsorption isotherm log = log k + log p
m n
x
log = log(k ⋅ p1 ∕ n)
m
x 1∕n
=k⋅p
m
x
m
∝ p1 ∕ 2 ( given
1
n
=
1
2 )
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question94
The Tyndall effect is observed only when following conditions are
satisfied:

(i) The diameter of the dispersed particles is much smaller than the
wavelength of the light used.
(ii) The diameter of the dispersed particle is not much smaller than the
wavelength of the light used.
(iii) The refractive indices of the dispersed phase and dispersion
medium are almost similar in magnitude.(iv) The refractive indices of
the dispersed phase and dispersion medium differ greatly in magnitude.
[2017]
Options:

A. (i) and (iv)

B. (ii) and (iv)

C. (i) and (iii)

D. (ii) and (iii)

Answer: B

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question95
Among the following, correct statement is:
[Online April 8, 2017]
Options:
A. Brownian movement is more pronounced for smaller particles than for bigger-particles.

B. Sols of metal sulphides are lyophilic.

C. Hardy Schulze law states that bigger the size of the ons, the greater is its coagulating power.

D. One would expect charcoal to adsorb chlorine more than hydrogen sulphide.

Answer: A

Solution:
Brownian movement is the random motion of particles
suspended in a fluid (a liquid or gas) resulting from their
collision with the fast moving atom or molecules in the
liquid or gaseous state of the matter. That means smaller
particles are responsible for the Brownian movement
than for bigger particles.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question96

For a linear plot of log ( ) versus log p in a Freundlich adsorption

x
m
isotherm, which of the following statements is correct? (k and n are
constants).
[2016]
Options:

A. Only 1 appears as the

n
slope.

B. log n ( ) appears as the intercept.

1

1
C. Both k and n appear in the slope term.

1
D. n appears as the intercept.

Answer: A

Solution:

x 1
According to Freundlich adsorption isotherm log = log k + log p
m n
Thus if a graph is plotted between log(x ∕ m) and log p, a straight line will be obtained
 1 x
The slope of the line is equal to and the intercept on log axis will correspond to operator name sl og k.
n m

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question97
A particular adsorption process has the following characteristics : (i) It
arises due to van der Waals forces and (ii) it is reversile. Identify the
correct statement that describes the above adsorption process:
[Online April 9, 2016]
Options:

A. Adsorption is monolayer.

B. Adsorption increases with increase in temperature.

C. Enthalpy of adsorption is greater than 100kJ mol −1

D. Energy of activation is low.

Answer: D

Solution:

The characteristics given suggests that this should be physical adsorption.

Physical adsorption usually takes place at low temperature and decreases with increase in temperature.
The force of attraction holding the adsorbate are van der Waal's forces. Heat of adsorption is low. It is reversible and
forms multimolecular layer. It does not acquire any activation energy.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Question98
The most appropriate method of making egg-albumin sol is:
[Online April 9, 2016]
Options:

w
A. Break an egg carefully and transfer the transparent part of the content to 100mL of 5% V
saline solution and stir well.

B. Keep the egg in boiling water for 10 minutes. After removing the shell, transfer the yellow
part of the content to 100mL of 5% w saline solution and homogenize with a mechanical shaker.
V

C. Keep the egg in boiling water for 10 minutes. After removing the shell, transfer the white
 w
part of the content to 100mL of 5% V saline solution and homogenize with a mechanical shaker

w
D. Break an egg carefully and transfer only the yellow part of the content to 100mL of 5% V
saline solution and stir well.

Answer: A

Solution:
Preparation of egg albumin sol. is done in following
two steps.
(I) Prepare 100mL of 5%
w
V ( )
solution of N aCl in water
in a 250mLbeaker
(ii) Break one egg in a porcelain dish and pipette out the
albumin and pour it in sodium chloride solution. Stir well
to ensure the preparation of sol.
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Question99
Gold numbers of some colloids are : Gelatin : 0.005 − 0.01, Gum arabic:
0.15 − 0.25; Oleate :0.04 − 1.0; Starch :15 − 25. Which among these is a
better protective colloid?
[Online April 10, 2016]
Options:

A. Gelatin

B. Starch

C. Oleate

D. Gum arabic

Answer: A

Solution:

1
Gold number ∝
Protective power
i.e., The smaller the value of gold number of lyophilic
sol, the greater is the protective action. Hence, gelatin will be better protective colloid.

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Question100
The following statements relate to the adsorption of gases on a solid
surface. Identify the incorrect statement among them:
[Online April 10,2015]
Options:
A. Enthalpy of adsorption is negative

B. Energy appears as heat

C. On adsorption, the residual forces on the surface are increased

D. Entropy of adsorption is negative

Answer: C

Solution:

Adsorption is a phenomena of attracting and retaining the molecules of a substance on the surface of a liquid or a solid
resulting into a higher concentration of the molecules on the surface.
After adsorption there is a decrease in the residual forces due to bond formation ∆G, ∆H& ∆S all are negative in the case
of adsorption.

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Question101
Match the catalysts to the correct processes:

[2015]
Options:

A. (A) - (ii), (B) - (iii), (C) - (iv), (D) - (i)

B. (A) − (iii), (B) − (i), (C) − (ii), (D) − (iv)

C. (A) - (iii), (B) - (ii), (C) - (iv), (D) - (i)

D. (A) − (ii), (B) − (i), (C) − (iv), (D) − (iii)

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
(A) − (ii), (B) − (i), (C) − (iv), (D) − (iii)

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Question102
Under ambient conditions, which among the following surfactants will
form micelles in aqueous solution at lowest molar concentration?
[Online April 11, 2015]
Options:

A. CH3 − (CH2)8 − COO − Na+

⊕
B. CH3(CH2)11N(CH3)3 Br

− +
C. CH3 − (CH2)13 − OSO3 Na

⊕
D. CH3(CH2)15N(CH3)3 Br

Answer: D

Solution:

Solution:
Greater the surface area, greater the van der waal forces of attraction and therefore at lesser concentration micelle
−
formation will take place. In case of CH3(CH2)15N(CH3)3Br due to greater chain length, greater will be van der waal
forces.

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Question103
The coagulating power of electrolytes having ions N a+, Al 3+ and Ba2+
for arsenic sulphide sol increases in the order :
[2013]
Options:

A. Al 3+ < Ba2+ < N a+

B. N a+ < Ba2+ < Al 3+

C. Ba2+ < N a+ < Al 3+

D. Al 3+ < N a+ < Ba2+

Answer: B

Solution:
According to Hardy Schulze rule, greater the charge
on cation, greater is its coagulating power for negatively charged sol (As2S3), hence the correct order of coagulating
power :
+ 2+ 3+
N a < Ba < Al

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Question104
The migration of dispersion medium under the influence of an electric
potential is called:
[Online April 9,2013]
Options:

A. Cataphoresis

B. Electroosmosis

C. Electrophoresis

D. Sedimentation

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
The motion of a liquid through a membrane under the influence of an applied electric field is known as electroosmosis.

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Question105
Flocculation value of BaCl 2 is much less than that of K Cl for sol A and
flocculation value of N a2SO4 is much less than that of N aBr for sol B.
The correct statement among the following is:
[Online April 22, 2013]
Options:

A. Both the sols A and B are negatively charged.

B. Sol A is positively charged and Sol B is negatively charged.

C. Both the sols A and B are positively charged.

D. Sol A is negatively charged and sol B is positively charged.

Answer: B

Solution:

Solution:
In first case the given compounds have same anion
but different cations having different charge hence they
will precipitate negatively charged sol i.e. ' A+.
In second case the given compounds have similar cation but different anion with different charge. Hence they will
precipitate positively charged sol. i.c. 'B'.

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Question106
Smoke is an example of:
[Online April 23, 2013]
Options:

A. Solid dispersed in solid

B. Gas dispersed in liquid

C. Solid dispersed in gas

D. Gas dispersed in solid

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Smoke is an example of solid particles dispersed in gas.

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Question107
According to Freundlich adsorption isotherm which of the following is
correct?
[2012]
Options:

x
A. m ∝ p0

x
B. m ∝ p1

1
x n
C. m
∝ p

D. All the above are correct for different ranges of pressure

Answer: D

Solution:

The Freundlich adsorption isotherm is mathematically represented as

x 1∕n
= kp
m
At high pressure, 1 ∕ n = 0
∘
Hence, x ∕ m ∝ p
At low pressure, 1 ∕ n = 1
1
Hence, x ∕ m ∝ p

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Question108
If x is the mass of the gas adsorbed on mass m of the adsorbent at
pressure p, Freundlich adsorption isotherm gives a straight line on
plotting
[Online May 7, 2012]
Options:

x
A. m vs p

x 1
B. m vs p

C. log x vs log p
m

x
D. log m vs p

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Freundlich adsorption isotherm gives straight line on plotting log x ∕ m vs log p as show below

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Question109
The correct statement for both the processes of physisorption and
chemisorption is
[Online May 12, 2012]
Options:

A. both are endothermic

B. chemisorption is endothermic but physisorption is exothermic

C. both are exothermic

D. physisorption is endothermic but chemisorption is cxothermic.

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Both are exothermic.

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Question110
On addition of 1mL of 10% N aCl solution to 10mL gold sol in the
presence of 0.025g of starch, the coagulation is just prevented. Starch
has gold number
[Online May 19, 2012]
Options:

A. 2.5

B. 25

C. 0.25

D. 0.025

Answer: A

Solution:
We have to know that, the Gold Number is the base weight (in milligrams) of a defensive colloid needed to forestall the
coagulation of 10 mL of a standard hydro gold sol when 1 ml of a 10% sodium chloride arrangement is added to it. It was
first utilized by Richard Adolf Zsigmondy. An electrical twofold layer is ordinarily present on the gold sol particles,
bringing about electrostatic repugnance between the particles. The sodium chloride particles upset this electrical twofold
layer, making coagulation happen.
The coagulation of gold sol brings about an increment in molecule size, demonstrated by a shading change from red to
blue or purple. The higher the gold number, the lower the defensive force of the colloid, in light of the fact that a more
noteworthy measure of colloid is needed to forestall coagulation.
In the given details, the measure of starch is added to 10mL of gold sol, which is needed to forestall coagulation of 1 mL
of 10%NaCl = 0.0250g = 25 mg. At the point when the starch is needed to be added to 10mL to gold sol totally. Forestall
coagulation by 1 mL of 10%NaCl arrangement.
Therefore,
25
= × 10 = 2.5mg
100
The gold number of starch is 2.5.

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Question111
Fog is a colloidal solution of
[Online May 19,2012]
Options:

A. solid particles dispersed in gas

B. solid particles dispersed in a liquid

C. liquid particles dispersed in gas

D. gaseous particles dispersed in a liquid

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Fog has liquid as dispersed phase and gas as dispersion medium.
Question112
Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding
physisorptions?
[2009]
Options:

A. More easily liquefiable gases are adsorbed readily.

B. Under high pressure, it results into multi-molecular layer on adsorbent surface.

C. Enthalpy of adsorption ( ∆H adsorption

) is low and positive.

D. It occurs because of van der Waal's forces.

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
Physiosorption is an exothermic process, so ∆H will always be negative.

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Question113
Gold numbers of protective colloids A, B, Cand D are 0.50, 0.01, 0.10
amd 0.005, respectively. the correct order of their protective powers is
[2008]
Options:

A. D < A < C < B

B. C < B < D < A

C. A < C < B < D

D. B < D < A < C

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
For a protective colloid.
1
Protective power ∝
Gold number
Thus the correct order of protective power of A, B, C and D is

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Question114
In Langmuir's model of adsorption of a gas on a solid surface
[2006]
Options:

A. the mass of gas striking a given area of surface is proportional to the pressure of the gas

B. the mass of gas striking a given area of surface is independent of the pressure of the gas

C. the rate of dissociation of adsorbed molecules from the surface does not depend on the
surface covered

D. the adsorption at a single site on the surface may involve multiple molecules at the same
time

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
According to Langmuir's model of adsorption of a
gas on a soild surface, the mass of gas adsorbed (x) per gram of the adsorbent (m) is directly proportional to the
pressure of the gas (p) at constant temperature, i.e.
x
∝p
m

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Question115
The volume of a colloidal particle, V C as compared to the volume of a
solute particle in a true solution V S, could be
[2005]
Options:

V 3
A. V C ≈ 10
S

VC
B. ≈ 10−3
VS

V
C. V C ≈ 1023
S

V
D. V C ≈ 1
S

Answer: A

Solution:

Solution:
Particle size of colloidal particle 10A to 1000A. Let it
be 10mu
For a true solution diameter range is 1A − 10Å, taking lower limits.
4
V c = πr3
3
 4
Vc= π(10)3
3
4
V 5 = π(1)3
3
Vc
∴ = 103
Vs

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Question116
The disperse phase in colloidal iron (III) hydroxide and colloidal gold is
positively and negatively charged, respectively. Which of the following
statements is NOT correct?
[2005]
Options:

A. Magnesium Chloride solution coagulates gold sol readily than iron (III) hydroxide sol.

B. Sodium sulphate solution causes coagulation in both sols.

C. Mixing of two sols has no effect.

D. Coagulation in both sols can be brought about by electrophoresis.

Answer: C

Solution:

Solution:
We know a negatively charged gold solution is coagulated by a Magnesium Chloride solution readily than positively
charged iron (III) hydroxide solution. Also, in Magnesium chloride, the charge on cation is twice the charge on the anion.
Higher is the charge on ion, higher will be its coagulating power.
Also we have studied that Sodium sulphate solution causes coagulation in both solutions. Negatively charged gold sol is
coagulated by sodium ions and positively charged iron (III) hydroxide sol is coagulated by sulphate ions.
The dispersed phase in colloidal gold and colloidal iron (III) hydroxide is negatively and positively charged respectively.
Mutual Coagulation is affected when two solutions are mixed.. This is due to neutralization of the charge on one sol by
opposite charge on another sol.
By electrophoresis, coagulation in both the solutions can be brought. We know that, during electrophoresis, through the
colloidal solution an electric current is passed and the experiment is arranged in such a manner that only particles can
move.
After studying above points, we can conclude that option A, B and D are correct and C is incorrect.

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Question117
Identify the correct statement regarding enzymes
[2004]
Options:

A. Enzymes are specific biological catalysts that cannot be poisoned

B. Enzymes are normally heterogeneous catalysts that are very specific in their action

C. Enzymes are specific biological catalysts that can normally function at very high
temperatures(T 1000K )

D. Enzymes are specific biological catalysts that possess well-defined active sites
Answer: D

Solution:

Enzymes are very specific biological catalysts

possessing well - defined active sites

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Question118
Which one of the following characteristics is not correct for physical
adsorption?
[2003]
Options:

A. Adsorption increases with increase in temperature

B. Adsorption is spontaneous

C. Both enthalpy and entropy of adsorption are negative

D. Adsorption on solids is reversible

Answer: A

Solution:
Physical adsorption is inversely proportional to the temperature, as the temperature increases adsorption decreases.

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Question119
The formation of gas at the surface of tungsten due to adsorption is the
reaction of order
[2002]
Options:

A. 0

B. 1

C. 2

D. insufficient data.

Answer: A

Solution:

Adsorption on metal surface do not depends on concentration of gas i.e. zero order reaction.
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