Statement: Exchange the contents of memory locations 2000H and 4000H.

Program 1: LDA 2000H : Get the contents of memory location 2000H into accumulator MOV B, A : Save the contents into B register LDA 4000H : Get the contents of memory location 4000Hinto accumulator STA 2000H : Store the contents of accumulator at address 2000H MOV A, B : Get the saved contents back into A register STA 4000H : Store the contents of accumulator at address 4000H

Program 2: LXI H 2000H : Initialize HL register pair as a pointer to memory location 2000H. LXI D 4000H : Initialize DE register pair as a pointer to memory location 4000H. MOV B, M : Get the contents of memory location 2000H into B register. LDAX D : Get the contents of memory location 4000H into A register. MOV M, A : Store the contents of A register into memory location 2000H. MOV A, B : Copy the contents of B register into accumulator. STAX D : Store the contents of A register into memory location 4000H. HLT : Terminate program execution. Note: In Program 1, direct addressing instructions are used, whereas in Program 2, indirect addressing instructions are used.

Statement: Add the 16-bit number in memory locations 4000H and 4001H to the 16-bit
number in memory locations 4002H and 4003H. The most significant eight bits of the two numbers to be added are in memory locations 4001H and 4003H. Store the result in memory locations 4004H and 4005H with the most significant byte in memory location 4005H. Program - 5.a: Add two 16-bit numbers - Source Program 1 Sample problem: (4000H) = 15H (4001H) = 1CH (4002H) = B7H (4003H) = 5AH Result = 1C15 + 5AB7H = 76CCH (4004H) = CCH (4005H) = 76H

Source Program 1: LHLD 4000H : Get first I6-bit number in HL XCHG : Save first I6-bit number in DE LHLD 4002H : Get second I6-bit number in HL MOV A, E : Get lower byte of the first number ADD L : Add lower byte of the second number MOV L, A : Store result in L register MOV A, D : Get higher byte of the first number ADC H : Add higher byte of the second number with CARRY MOV H, A : Store result in H register SHLD 4004H : Store I6-bit result in memory locations 4004H and 4005H.

HLT : Terminate program execution Flowchart

Program - 5b: Add two 16-bit numbers - Source Program 2 Source program 2: LHLD 4000H : Get first I6-bit number XCHG : Save first I6-bit number in DE LHLD 4002H : Get second I6-bit number in HL DAD D : Add DE and HL SHLD 4004H : Store I6-bit result in memory locations 4004H and 4005H. HLT : Terminate program execution NOTE: In program 1, eight bit addition instructions are used (ADD and ADC) and addition is performed in two steps. First lower byte addition using ADD instruction and

then higher byte addition using ADC instruction.In program 2, 16-bit addition instruction (DAD) is used.

Statement: Subtract the 16-bit number in memory locations 4002H and 4003H from
the 16-bit number in memory locations 4000H and 4001H. The most significant eight bits of the two numbers are in memory locations 4001H and 4003H. Store the result in memory locations 4004H and 4005H with the most significant byte in memory location 4005H. Sample problem: (4000H) = 19H (400IH) = 6AH (4004H) = I5H (4003H) = 5CH Result = 6A19H - 5C15H = OE04H (4004H) = 04H (4005H) = OEH

Source program:
LHLD 4000H : Get first 16-bit number in HL XCHG : Save first 16-bit number in DE LHLD 4002H : Get second 16-bit number in HL MOV A, E : Get lower byte of the first number SUB L : Subtract lower byte of the second number MOV L, A : Store the result in L register MOV A, D : Get higher byte of the first number SBB H : Subtract higher byte of second number with borrow MOV H, A : Store l6-bit result in memory locations 4004H and 4005H. SHLD 4004H : Store l6-bit result in memory locations 4004H and 4005H. HLT : Terminate program execution. Flowchart

Statement: Add the contents of memory locations 40001H and 4001H and place the
result in the memory locations 4002Hand 4003H. Sample problem: (4000H) = 7FH (400lH) = 89H Result = 7FH + 89H = lO8H (4002H) = 08H (4003H) = 0lH

Source program:
LXI H, 4000H :HL Points 4000H

MOV A, M :Get first operand INX H :HL Points 4001H ADD M :Add second operand INX H :HL Points 4002H MOV M, A :Store the lower byte of result at 4002H MVIA, 00 :Initialize higher byte result with 00H ADC A :Add carry in the high byte result INX H :HL Points 4003H MOV M, A :Store the higher byte of result at 4003H HLT :Terminate program execution Flowchart

Statement: Pack the two unpacked BCD numbers stored in memory locations 4200H
and 4201H and store result in memory location 4300H. Assume the least significant digit is stored at 4200H.

Sample problem: (4200H) = 04 (4201H) = 09 Result = (4300H) = 94

Source program:

LDA 4201H : Get the Most significant BCD digit RLC RLC RLC RLC : Adjust the position of the second digit (09 is changed to 90) ANI FOH : Make least significant BCD digit zero MOV C, A : store the partial result LDA 4200H : Get the lower BCD digit ADD C : Add lower BCD digit STA 4300H : Store the result HLT : Terminate program execution Flowchart

Statement: Two digit BCD number is stored in memory location 4200H. Unpack the
BCD number and store the two digits in memory locations 4300H and 4301H such that memory location 4300H will have lower BCD digit. Sample problem: (4200H) = 58 Result = (4300H) = 08 and (4301H) = 05

Source program:
LDA 4200H : Get the packed BCD number ANI FOH : Mask lower nibble RRC RRC RRC RRC : Adjust higher BCD digit as a lower digit STA 4301H : Store the partial result LDA 4200H : .Get the original BCD number ANI OFH : Mask higher nibble STA 4201H : Store the result HLT : Terminate program execution Flowchart

Execution format of instructions

Main program:
4000H 4003H 4006H 4009H 400CH LXI SP, 27FFH LXI H, 2000H LXI B, 1020H CALL SUB HLT

Subroutine program:
4100H 4101H SUB: PUSH B PUSH H

4102H 4105H 4108H 4109H 410CH 410DH 410EH Note:

LXI B, 4080H LXI H, 4090H SHLD 2200H DAD B POP H POP B RET

The table given gives the instruction sequence and the contents of all registers and stack after execution of each instruction. TABLE

Statement: Write a program to shift an eight bit data four bits right. Assume data is in
register C. Sample problem: (4200H) = 58

Result = (4300H) = 08 and (4301H) = 05

Source program 1:

Flowchart for Source program1

MOV A, C RAR RAR RAR RAR MOV C, A HLT

Statement: Write a program to shift a 16 bit data, 1 bit right. Assume that data is in
BC register pair.

Source program 2

Flowchart for Source program1

MOV A, B RAR MOV B, A MOV A, C RAR MOV C, A HLT

Statement: Program to shift a 16-bit data 1 bit left. Assume data is in the HL register Source Program

Statement: Write a set of instructions to alter the contents of flag register in 8085.

PUSH PSW: Save flags on stack POP H: Retrieve flags in 'L' MOV A, L :Flags in accumulator CMA:Complement accumulator MOV L, A:Accumulator in 'L' PUSH H:Save on stack POP PSW:Back to flag register HLT:Terminate program execution