KIRINYAGA UNIVERSITY

GROUP 2

PRESENTATION ASSIGNMENT

SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND EDUCATION

DEPARTMENT: EDUCATION

PROGRAM: BACHELOR OF EDUCATION SCIENCE

LECTURER: PROF JANE KERUBO-PHD

UNIT CODE: EDU 2203

YEAR OF STUDY: 2

SEMESTER: 2

UNIT NAME: GENERAL TEACHING METHODS

GROUP CHAIRMAN: MUTIMO HILLARY OKELLO

GROUP SECRETARY: NAOMI MORAA JOHN

GROUP MEMBERS

Hillary Okello Mutimo ED101/G/16668/22

David Nderitu ED101/G/16479/22
Kelvin Kipkorir ED101/G/16628/22
Hellen Njeri ED101/G/15668/22
Margeret Wanjiru Karanja ED101/G/16439/22
Shijeti Griffins ED101/G/16674/22
Joshua Wanjala ED101/G/16582/22
Kioko Emmaculate ED101/G/16405/22
Nyawira Sharon Stephen ED101/G/16079/22
Naomi Moraa John ED101/G/16432/22
Aisha Yusuf Mwangolo ED101/G/16973/22
Wanyoike Kelvin ngugi ED101/G/16521/22
Ongus Kennedy Otieno ED101/G/16517/22
Michael Waweru ED101/G/16485/22
Omweri Loise Kerubo ED101/G/16413/22
Paul Ndeti ED101/G/16527/22
QUESTION

FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN SELECTING TEACHING METHOD

DEFINE TEACHING METHOD

Teaching Method is a set of principles and methods used by teachers to enable
student learning. These strategies are determined partly on subject matter to
be taught and partly by the nature of the learner. For a particular teaching
method to be appropriate and efficient it has taken into account the learner,
the nature of the subject matter, and the type of learning it is supposed to
bring about.

EXAMPLES OF TEACHING METHODS

1) Teacher-centered or Lecture Approach Method
is an instructional approach where the teacher takes a central role in the
learning process, providing information, directing activities, and making
decisions, setting the pace of instruction, and controls the flow of
information.it is an efficient way of delivering information to a large group of
students. Whereby the students, listen, take notes and ask questions. It also
allows for a structured and organized approach to teaching, with the teacher
providing clear guidance and direction for students.

Example: A history teacher delivers a lecture on World War II, covering key
events, strategies, and outcomes. The students listen attentively, take notes,
and the teacher may use visual aids like slides or maps to enhance
understanding. The teacher guides the pace and content of the lecture and
students are expected to absorb the information.

2) Student-Centered/Constructivist Approach Method

It is an instructional approach that shifts the focus from the teacher to the
students, which emphasizes active learning and puts the student at the center
of the learning process. In this approach, the teacher serves as a facilitator,
guiding students as they explore and discover the material independently. It
promotes active learning and critical thinking skills. By encouraging students to
take an active role in their own learning, they are able to develop a deeper
understanding of the material and build their problem-solving skills.
Additionally, this approach can be particularly effective for accommodating
different learning styles and needs, as it provides opportunities for students to
explore the material in a way that works best for them.

Example: In a biology class, students are given a scenario about an unknown

illness affecting a community. They work in groups to research symptoms,
potential causes, and propose solutions. Throughout the process, students
may consult various resources, conduct experiments, and engage in
discussions. The teacher acts as a facilitator, guiding the learning process and
providing support as needed. The focus is on the application of knowledge to
solve a meaningful problem, encouraging active inquiry and exploration.

3) Experiment Method
The experiment method is a type of active learning strategy where students
are directly involved in the learning process by conducting experiments. This
method allows students to learn by doing, which can help them to better
understand and retain information.

Examples on how to use Experiment method

i. Science: Students can conduct experiments to learn about the properties

of matter, the laws of motion, or the chemical reactions.
ii. Math: Students can conduct experiments to learn about probability,
statistics, or geometry.
iii. Language arts: Students can conduct experiments to learn about
different writing styles, grammar rules, or the impact of language on
others.
iv. History: Students can conduct experiments to learn about different
cultures, historical events, or the scientific method itself.
Benefits of using experiment problems

i. Promotes active learning:

Students are actively involved in the learning process rather than passively
receiving information.

ii. Improves understanding: Students are more likely to understand

concepts when they have experienced them firsthand.
iii. Enhances problem-solving skills:
Students need to solve problems in order to conduct successful experiments.

4) Field Trip
Field trips take learning beyond the classroom, providing students with real-
world experience. These excursions allow students to connect theoretical
knowledge to practical applications. Whether visiting a museum, historical site,
or natural environment, field trips engage students in a more immersive and
memorable learning experience. They can enhance understanding, stimulate
curiosity, and foster a deeper appreciation for the subject matter.

5) Discover Method

The discovery method, also known as inquiry-based learning, involves students

actively exploring and investigating concepts on their own. Instead of
traditional lecturing, teachers facilitate learning by posing questions, guiding
discussions, and encouraging students to discover information through
research or hands-on activities. This method promotes critical thinking,
problem-solving, and a deeper understanding of the subject matter.

6) Problem solving method

The problem-solving method is a student-centered teaching approach where
students actively engage in finding solutions to real-world or simulated
problems.

Examples of the Problem-Solving Method:

In Math: Students could be presented with a word problem involving

budgeting or calculating probabilities, requiring them to apply mathematical
concepts to find the solution.

In Science: Students could design an experiment to test the effectiveness of

different materials for insulation, analyzing data and drawing conclusions.

In Language Arts: Students could be tasked with writing a persuasive essay on

a controversial topic, requiring them to research, analyze arguments, and
construct a well-supported opinion.
Benefits of the Problem-Solving Method:

Develops critical thinking:

Students analyze problems, identify key information, and evaluate potential

solutions.

Enhances creativity:

Students explore different solution paths and generate unique approaches to

solving problems.

Improves problem-solving skills:

Students learn a systematic approach to tackling problems, applicable to

future academic and personal situations.

7) QUESTION AND ANSWER APPROACH

The question and answers (Q&A) approach is a teaching method that involves
actively engaging students in the learning process through the use of questions.
Instead of just presenting information in a lecture-style format, teachers pose
questions to students, prompting them to think critically and actively
participate in the learning experience. It’s an important approach that can be
used in various settings, from classrooms to online learning platforms, and
adapted to different age groups and learning objectives.

Benefits

Promotes active learning:

Students move beyond passive absorption of information and actively engage

with the material by constructing their own responses.

Assesses understanding:

Question and answer allows teachers to gauge students' grasp of concepts,

identify areas needing clarification, and tailor their instruction accordingly.

Develops critical thinking:

Students learn to analyze information, formulate reasoned arguments, and

support their answers with evidence.
Encourages communication skills and boosts engagement: Q&A provides a safe
space for students to practice expressing themselves clearly and concisely.

8) DEBATE
A debate is an organized argument or contest of ideas in which the participants
discuss a topic from two opposing sides.

The debate approach is a stimulating teaching method that goes beyond

passive learning whereby it actively engages students in the process of
defending and challenging arguments. Debates create a dynamic and engaging
learning environment that empowers students to become critical thinkers,
effective communicators, and confident presenters.

Benefits

Develops critical thinking:

It requires analyzing information, forming logical arguments, and evaluating

opposing viewpoints.

Improves teamwork:

Collaboration in team debates strengthens communication, coordination, and

conflict resolution skills.

Increases confidence and self-expression: Students gain confidence in

presenting their ideas and defending their positions.

Explores diverse perspectives:

Exposes students to different viewpoints and encourages them to consider

alternative perspectives.

9) Discussion Method
Definition:

The discussion method is a teaching method where students actively

participate in exploring a topic through dialogue and exchange of ideas. This
method shifts the focus from passive knowledge reception to active
engagement and deeper understanding.

10) Drama
Definition:

The drama method uses elements of performance and storytelling to engage

students in learning. This can involve role-playing, creating and performing
scenes, or analyzing existing dramatic works.

Benefits of Both Methods

Active Learning: Both methods move away from passive lectures and promote
active participation, increasing engagement and knowledge retention.

Critical Thinking: Students explore multiple perspectives, analyze information,

and form their own conclusions.

Communication Skills: Both methods require students to express themselves

clearly and listen attentively to others.

Collaboration: Group discussions and drama often involve teamwork, fostering

collaboration and social skills.

11) Story telling

It allows teachers to enter the lives of students as they are forming a sense of
self identity. It promotes a sense of community and belonging, enables
relationship networking, allows participants to engage in sense making, helps
develop empathy and self-confidence and facilitates learning. It creates a
comfortable environment in the classroom. This comfort allows students to
understand difficult subject matter and know it’s okay to make mistakes,
create an opportunity for deeper learning.

12) Role play

Role play exercises give students the opportunity to assume the role of a
person or act a given situation. Role plays engage students in real life situations
or scenarios that can be stressful, unfamiliar complex or controversial which
requires them to examine personal feelings.
Benefits of role playing

Role playing can be effectively used in the classroom to:

Motivate and engage students

Enhance current teaching strategies

Provide real world scenarios to help students learn

Learn skills used in real world situations (negotiation, debate, teamwork,

cooperation, persuasion)

Also provide opportunities for critical observation for peers

13) TEAM TEACHING

It is a collaborative teaching method in which two or more teachers work
together to plan, instruct and assess a group of students.

This method allows teachers to combine their expertise and skills to create a
more dynamic and engaging learning experience for students.

It helps to improve students outcomes and promote a more inclusive and

supportive learning environment.

14) PEER TEACHING

In this method students takes on the role of teachers by explaining concepts
or leading discussions with their peers.

The method encourages collaboration, reinforces learning and helps students

develop communication skills.

15) Project-Based learning

This is a student-centered instructional approach where learners actively
explore real-world problems and challenges to acquire deeper knowledge and
skills. It involves investigation, collaboration, and problem-solving.

16) Parenting involvement Approach

This approach emphasizes the role of parents or caregivers in the educational
process. It recognizes that learning is not confined to the classroom and
involves collaboration between educators, parents, and the community

FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN SELECTING A

TEACHING METHOD
1. Learning Objectives
Alignment: Ensure the teaching method aligns with the specified learning
objectives. It should facilitate the achievement of the intended outcomes.

Complexity: Match the method’s complexity with the cognitive demands of the
objectives. Some objectives may require hands-on activities, while others may
be better addressed through lectures or discussions.

Application: Choose a method that allows students to apply what they’ve

learned, reinforcing the attainment of objectives.

2. Student Characteristics:
Learning Styles: Consider the diverse learning styles within the class, such as
visual, auditory, or kinesthetic. Opt for methods that cater to these various
styles to enhance understanding.

Prior Knowledge: Acknowledge the students’ existing knowledge levels. Adjust

the method to either build upon their current understanding or introduce new
concepts accordingly.

Interests: Take into account the interests and preferences of the students. A
method that resonates with their interests can foster greater engagement and
motivation.

Cultural Background: Be mindful of cultural differences and ensure that the

teaching method is inclusive and respectful of diverse backgrounds

3. CLASS SIZE
Our courses or classes will vary in size and the numbers in a particular teaching
session will change from very small to very large. Quite clearly class size plays
an important part in selecting a method because some are unsuitable when
the group is excessively large or small. For example, discussion method may be
effective for a small group but not for too large a group.

4. SUBJECT MATTER
This factor deals with the content learned which may be difficult or
uninteresting. The teacher must be able to choose or use a method that makes
learning effective and meaningful.

5. Availability of Resources
Teachers need to consider the resources that are available to them when
selecting a teaching method. These resources may include textbooks,
technology, teaching aids, and time. For example, if a teacher has access to a
lot of technology, they may choose to use a blended learning approach, which
combines traditional face-to-face instruction with online learning. However, if
the technology is not available, they may need to choose a different method.
Similarly, if a teacher has limited time, they may choose a method that is more
efficient, such as direct instruction, rather than one that is more time-
consuming, like project-based learning.

6. Teacher Comfort/Expertise
Teachers also need to consider their own comfort and expertise when
selecting a teaching method. Teachers who are comfortable with technology
may be more likely to choose a method that incorporates technology, while
teachers who are less comfortable may choose a more traditional method.
Similarly, teachers who have expertise in a particular area may choose a
method that allows them to use that expertise, such as problem-based
learning or inquiry-based learning.

7. Time Constraints
Teachers’ Self-Efficacy: Teachers’ belief in their ability to implement
instructional practices significantly influences their teaching choices. Highly
self-efficacious teachers tend to use cognitive-activation strategies (CASs)
more frequently. These strategies engage students in meaningful and higher-
order thinking, fostering deeper understanding of content1.
Perceived Time Constraints: Teachers who perceive strong time constraints
may opt for less time-intensive methods. For instance, they might use general
CASs more often than inquiry-based CASs. The latter involves complex tasks
that stimulate cognitive functioning but require more time1.

8. Assessment Strategies
Effective assessment is essential for gauging student learning. Here are some
strategies:

Probing Questions: Ask critical thinking questions that require higher-order

skills (analysis, evaluation, and synthesis).

Random Student Selection: Randomly choose students to answer questions,

promoting engagement.

Consistent Academic Language: Use clear and consistent language to convey

tasks and expectations.

Constructive Feedback: Provide feedback that guides improvement.

Differentiation Opportunities: Create tasks that cater to diverse student needs.

9. Student engagement
Student engagement is a critical factor in the effectiveness of teaching
methods, engaged students are more likely to be motivated , participate
actively in learning activities and achieve better academic outcomes for
example, active learning opportunities, choose a teaching method that will
involve students in learning process such as group discussions, feedback and
interaction, provide timely and constructive feedback to students.

10.Cultural sensitivity
Be mindful of the cultural background of your students. Teaching methods
should be culturally sensitive to inclusivity and respect for diversity.

11.Content type and complexity

When selecting teaching methods, complexity, content type, and flexibility are
crucial factors to consider. The complexity of the subject may influence
whether a hands-on approach or more traditional methods are suitable. The
type of content, whether theoretical or practical, may require different
instructional strategies.

12.Flexibility
Flexibility is essential to adapt to diverse learning styles and cater to individual
needs within a classroom, promoting a more effective and inclusive learning
environment.

Conclusion

When selecting a teaching method, it's essential to consider the age and
developmental stage of the students. For younger learners, hands-on and
interactive approaches, like experimental learning, can be effective. Tailoring
methods to accommodate diverse learning styles, such as visual, auditory and
kinesthetic promotes inclusivity. Assessing the complexity of the subject
matter helps determine whether a lecture, group work or project-based
approach is most suitable. Regular feedback and reflection on teaching
methods contribute to continuous improvement in fostering a dynamic and
effective classroom environment.