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Lecture 12

The document is a lecture on Voltage Shunt Feedback Amplifiers, detailing their configuration and operation, particularly focusing on closed loop voltage gain and feedback mechanisms. It explains the mathematical relationships governing the amplifier's behavior, including input and output relationships, and the impact of feedback resistors. Additionally, it discusses the input resistance with feedback and the Miller effect in the context of inverting amplifiers.

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Muneeb Ahmad
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0 views

Lecture 12

The document is a lecture on Voltage Shunt Feedback Amplifiers, detailing their configuration and operation, particularly focusing on closed loop voltage gain and feedback mechanisms. It explains the mathematical relationships governing the amplifier's behavior, including input and output relationships, and the impact of feedback resistors. Additionally, it discusses the input resistance with feedback and the Miller effect in the context of inverting amplifiers.

Uploaded by

Muneeb Ahmad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electronics II

Course Code: EEE 232

Lecture 12
Course Instructor: Dr. Hammad Omer (Tenured Associate Professor)
(PhD, MS, MCS, PGD (IT) B.Eng.)
Commonwealth Scholar (Imperial College London, United Kingdom)
Group Lead: Medical Image Processing Research Group
(www.miprg.com)
Department of Electrical Engineering
COMSATS University, Islamabad
Dated: 8 & 9/05/2025
Voltage Shunt Feedback Amplifier

2
Voltage Shunt Feedback Amplifier

vin V2

Iin If
IB2

A
V1
IB1

3
Voltage Shunt Feedback Amplifier

• The input voltage drives the inverting terminal, and the


amplified as well as inverted output signal is also applied to the
inverting input via the Feedback Resistor RF
• This arrangement forms a negative feedback because any
increase in the output signal results in a feedback signal into the
inverting input, causing a decrease in the output signal
• The non-inverting input is grounded and the feedback circuit
has only one resistor RF
• However, an extra resistor R1 is connected in series with the
input signal source vin

4
Closed Loop Voltage Gain

• By applying KCL at the input node v2 :


• 𝑖𝑖𝑛 = 𝑖𝐹 + 𝑖𝐵 (Eqn. 1)
• Since Ri is very large, the input bias current iB is negligibly small
e.g. Ri =2MΩ and IB = 0.5μA for 741C
• Therefore: 𝑖𝑖𝑛 = 𝑖𝐹

𝑣𝑖𝑛−𝑣2 𝑣2−𝑣𝑜
• That is: = (Eqn. 2)
𝑅1 𝑅𝐹
• However we know that: 𝑣𝑜 = 𝐴𝑣𝑖𝑑 = 𝐴(𝑣1 − 𝑣2)
𝑣𝑜
• Therefore: 𝑣1 − 𝑣2 =
𝐴
−𝑣𝑜
• Since v1=0v : 𝑣2 =
𝐴

5
Closed Loop Voltage Gain

• Substituting this value of v2 in equation 2 and rearranging we


get:

𝑣𝑖𝑛+𝑣𝑜Τ𝐴 − 𝑣𝑜Τ𝐴 −𝑣𝑜


• =
𝑅1 𝑅𝐹

𝑣𝑜 𝐴𝑅𝐹
• 𝐴𝐹 = = − (Eqn. 3)
𝑣𝑖𝑛 𝑅1+𝑅𝐹 +𝐴𝑅1
• The –ve sign in equation 3 indicates that the input and output
signals are out-of-phase by 180o
• This configuration is commonly called an inverting amplifier
with feedback
• Since the internal gain A of the Op-Amp is very large (ideally
infinity): 𝐴𝑅1 ≫ 𝑅1 + 𝑅𝐹
6
Closed Loop Voltage Gain
• Equation 3 can be written as:
𝑣𝑜 𝑅𝐹
• 𝐴𝐹 = = − (Eqn. 4)
𝑣𝑖𝑛 𝑅1
• Equation 4 shows that the gain of the inverting amplifier is set by
selecting a ratio of feedback resistance RF to the input resistance
R1
𝑅𝐹
• Therefore, the ratio can be set to any value even less than 1
𝑅1

• The inverting amplifier configuration with feedback lends itself to


a majority of applications as against those of the non-inverting
amplifier
• Let us now rewrite equation 3 in the feedback form of non-
𝐴
inverting configuration: (i. e. 𝐴𝐹 = ) (Eqn. A)
1+𝐴𝐵
7
Closed Loop Voltage Gain
• This facilitates the analysis of the inverting amplifier with feedback.
It also helps compare and contrast the inverting and non-inverting
amplifier configurations.
• For this, we must represent the current summing junction at the
input terminals of an amplifier as a voltage summing junction
• Dividing both the numerator and denominator of equation 3 by
𝐴𝑅𝐹
𝑣𝑜 ൗ𝑅 +𝑅𝐹
‘R1+RF’: 𝐴𝐹 = =− 1
𝐴𝑅1
𝑣𝑖𝑛 1+𝑅 +𝑅
1 𝐹

𝐴𝐾
• 𝐴𝐹 = − (Eqn. 5)
1+𝐴𝐵

• where: 𝑘 = 𝑅 𝑅+𝑅𝐹 , a voltage attenuation factor


1 𝐹

• 𝐵=
𝑅1
𝑅1+𝑅𝐹
, Gain of the Feedback Circuit
8
Closed Loop Voltage Gain
• A comparison of equation 5 with equation A indicates that in
addition to the phase inversion (-ve sign), the closed loop gain of
the inverting amplifier is K times the closed-loop gain of the non-
inverting amplifier with K<1
• The one-line block diagram of the inverting amplifier with feedback
is shown in the next slide
• The block diagram for the non-inverting amplifier and the block
diagram for the inverting amplifier are identical, except for the K
block
• To derive the ideal closed-loop gain, we can use equation 5 as
𝐾
follows: 𝐴𝐵 ≫ 1 then (1 + 𝐴𝐵) ≅ 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐴𝐹 = −
𝐵
𝑅𝐹
• 𝐴𝐹 = −
𝑅1
9
Closed Loop Voltage Gain

• A one line Block Diagram of equation 5 can be given as:

Summing
Junction
vid
vin K Σ A vo

vf vo
B

10
Input Resistance with Feedback
+Vcc

RL

Inverting Amplifier with Millerized Feedback Resistor


11
Input Resistance with Feedback

• The easiest way to find the input resistance is to Millerize the


feedback resistance RF, that is split RF into its two Miller
components as shown in the diagram on the previous slide:
• In this circuit, the input resistance with Feedback RiF is then:
𝑅𝐹
• 𝑅𝑖𝐹 = 𝑅1 + ԡ𝑅𝑖 (exact)
1+𝐴

• Since Ri and A are very large:


𝑅𝐹
• ԡ𝑅𝑖 ≅0Ω
1+𝐴

• Hence 𝑅𝑖𝐹 = 𝑅1 (ideal)

12
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