1.

Show that the following signals are periodic or non-periodic

a) 𝑥(𝑛) = 𝑒 𝑗7𝜋𝑛
7
Sol: 𝑤 = 7𝜋, 2𝜋𝑓 = 7𝜋, 𝑓𝑑 = 2 , 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑐 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 𝑁 =
2𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑠/𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒
3 1
b) 𝑥(𝑛) = 3𝑒 𝑗5(𝑛+2)
3
Sol: 𝑓𝑑 = 10𝜋 , 𝑖𝑟𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑐

c) Compute the period of the signal 𝑍(𝑛) = 𝑍1 (𝑛) + 𝑍2 (𝑛) where 𝑍1 (𝑛) and 𝑍2 (𝑛) are
periodic signals with period 𝑁1 = 90 and 𝑁2 =54 respectively.

N1/N2=90/54=5/3=rational number.

Period=LCM(90, 54)=270

2. Determine which of the signals are periodic or non-periodic and compute their fundamental
period.
a) 𝑥(𝑛) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠(0.01𝜋𝑛)
b) 𝑥(𝑛) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛(3𝑛)
c) 𝑥(𝑛) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠(3𝜋𝑛)

3. Find and sketch even and odd parts of the given signals
a) 𝑢(𝑛)
[4, −2, 4, −6]
b) 𝑥(𝑛) =
↑
4. Write a note on sampling theorem, oversampling, under sampling.
5. Find Fourier transform of given signals and find magnitude and phase
a) 𝑥(𝑛) = 𝛿(𝑛)
b) 𝑥(𝑛) = 𝑎 𝑛 𝑢(𝑛)
c) 𝑥(𝑛) = 𝑎 𝑛 𝑢(−𝑛 − 1)
6. Write any 8 properties of Discrete Time Fourier Transform
7. Determine the Fourier transform of sequence
𝑥(𝑛) = 𝑛𝑎 𝑛 𝑢(𝑛) … … . |𝑎| < 1
8. Compute the 4-point DFT 𝑋(𝑘) using matrix method of 𝑥(𝑛) = {0,1,2,3} … … . .0 ≤
𝑘≤3
[ 1, 0, 1, 0]
9. Let 𝑋(𝑘) = compute 4-point IDFT.
↑
10. Compute the 4-point DFT of 𝑥(𝑛) = −1𝑛 0≤𝑛≤3
𝜋𝑛
11. Compute the 4-point DFT of 𝑥(𝑛) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 0≤𝑛≤3
12. a) Perform the circular convolution using matrix method
a) 𝑥(𝑛) = {1, 2, 2}, ℎ(𝑛) = {1, 2, 3, 4}
b) 𝑥(𝑛) = {1, 0, 2,4}, ℎ(𝑛) = {0, 2, 3, 4}
c) 𝑥(𝑛) = {1, 2, 2, 0}, ℎ(𝑛) = {3, 4, 1, 2, }
13. Perform linear convolution using circular convolution
a) 𝑥(𝑛) = {2, 5, 0, 4}, ℎ(𝑛) = {4, 1, 3}
 b) 𝑥(𝑛) = {1, 1, 0, 4}, ℎ(𝑛) = {1, 1, 2, 4}
14. Given 𝑥(𝑛) = {0, 1, 2, 3}. Find X(k) using DIT FFT algorithm.
15. Given 𝑥(𝑛) = {8, 4, 2, 3}. Find X(k) using DIT FFT algorithm.
16. Given 𝑥(𝑛) = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 4, 1}. Find X(k) using DIT FFT algorithm.
17. Compute the DFT of 𝑥(𝑛) = 𝑛 2 + 1 for N=4 using DIT-FFT algorithm.
18. Write the formula of Z-Transform along with the region of convergence properties.
19. Determine the Z-transform of anticausal signal 𝑥(𝑛) = −𝑎 𝑛 𝑢(−𝑛 − 1) and plot the pole-
zero plot.
1
20. Determine the Z-transform of signal 𝑥(𝑛) = (2)𝑛 𝑢(𝑛) + 2𝑛 𝑢(𝑛) . depict ROC and locations
of poles and zeros in Z plane.
21. Write any 8 properties of Z transform.
22. Find the inverse z-transform using power series method.
1+𝑍 −1
𝑋(𝑍) = 1
1− 𝑍 −1
3
1
When, a) 𝑅𝑂𝐶 |𝑍| > 3
1
c) 𝑅𝑂𝐶 |𝑍| < 3
23. Find the inverse z-transform using partial fraction method.
3𝑍 2−5𝑍
a) 𝑋(𝑍) = 𝑍 2−3𝑍+2 ROC: |𝑧| < 1
𝑍(−𝑍 2+5𝑍−5)
b) 𝑋(𝑍) = ROC: 2 < |𝑧| < 3
(𝑍−2)(𝑍−3)2
1−𝑍 −1 +𝑍 −2
c) 𝑋(𝑍) = 1 ROC: 1 < |𝑧| < 1
(1−2𝑍 −1 )(1−2𝑍 −1)(1−𝑍 −1 )
24. Find initial value using theorem
2+𝑍 −1
a) 𝑋(𝑍) = (1−𝑍 −1)(1+0.5 𝑍−1 )
1−3 𝑍 −1
b) 𝑋(𝑍) = (1−0.1 𝑍 −1)(1+0.6 𝑍−1)
0.5+0.25 𝑍 −1
c) 𝑋(𝑍) = 1−1.3 𝑍−1+0.2 𝑍 −2++0.1 𝑍−3
25. Find final value of the signals corresponding to the following z-transform.
1+𝑍 −1
a) 𝑋(𝑍) = 1−0.25 𝑍−2
2 𝑍 −1
b) 𝑋(𝑍) =
1−1.8 𝑍 −1+0.8 𝑍 −2
1
c) 𝑋(𝑍) =
1+2 𝑍 −1−3 𝑍 −2
26. Determine the Nyquist rate corresponding to following signals
a) 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛(200𝜋𝑡)
b) 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐(200𝑡)
c) 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠(150𝜋𝑡)𝑠𝑖𝑛(100𝜋𝑡)
d) 𝑥(𝑡) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 (200𝜋𝑡)
27. Write a note on Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter and Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filter.
28. Consider the following LTI system with system function and draw the direct form I and direct
form II structure
1 1
a) 𝐻(𝑍) = 1 − 3 𝑍 −1 + 6 𝑍 −2 + 𝑍 −3
1+2𝑍 −1−𝑍 −2
b) 𝐻 (𝑍) =
1+𝑍 −1−𝑍 −2
(1−2𝑍 −1 )−(1−4𝑍 −1)
c) 𝐻(𝑍) = 𝑍(1−0.5𝑍 −1)
29. Transform the analog filter transfer function into digital filter 𝐻(𝑍) using Impulse Invariant
Method
0.5(𝑆 + 4)
𝐻𝑎 (𝑆) =
(𝑆 + 1)(𝑆 + 2)
30. Transform the analog filter transfer function into digital filter 𝐻(𝑍) using Impulse Invariant
Method at 𝐹𝑠 =2 𝐻𝑧
0.5(𝑆 + 4)
𝐻𝑎 (𝑆) =
(𝑆 + 1)(𝑆 + 2)
31. Transform the analog filter transfer function into digital filter 𝐻(𝑍) using Impulse Invariant
Method
1
𝐻𝑎 (𝑆) =
(𝑆 + 𝑎)2

32. Transform the analog filter transfer function into digital filter 𝐻(𝑍) using Impulse Invariant
Method at 𝑇=1 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑
1
𝐻𝑎 (𝑆) = 2
(𝑆 + 2𝑆 + 1)

33. For transfer function 𝐻(𝑆) find 𝐻(𝑍) using Bilinear transformation method
1
𝐻(𝑆) =
(𝑆 2 + √2𝑆 + 1
34. A digital Butterworth filter has to be designed using Bilinear transformation. The filter
specifications are as follows:

0.9 ≤ |𝐻(𝑒 𝑗𝜔 )| ≤ 1 0 ≤ 𝜔 ≤ 0.5𝜋

𝑗𝜔
|𝐻(𝑒 )| ≤ 0.2 0.75𝜋 ≤ 𝜔 ≤ 𝜋
Find the filter order N and cut-off frequency Ω𝑐
35. A digital Butterworth filter has to be designed using Bilinear transformation. The filter
specifications are as follows:

0.9 ≤ |𝐻(𝑒 𝑗𝜔 )| ≤ 1 0 ≤ 𝜔 ≤ 0.5𝜋

𝑗𝜔
|𝐻(𝑒 )| ≤ 0.2 0.75𝜋 ≤ 𝜔 ≤ 𝜋
Find the filter order N and cut-off frequency Ω𝑐
36. Find the filter order N and cut-off frequency Ω𝑐 of an analog Butterworth filter transfer function
that satisfies the following constraints.
0.707 ≤ |𝐻(𝑗Ω)| ≤ 1 0≤Ω≤2
|𝐻(𝑗Ω)| ≤ 0.1 Ω≥4

Assume 𝑇=1 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑

37. Find the filter order N and cut-off frequency Ω𝑐 for an IIR low pass Butterworth filter using
Bilinear transformation. The filter specifications are as follows:

Passband: 0.8 ≤ |𝐻(𝑒 𝑗𝜔 )| ≤ 1 |𝜔| ≤ 0.2𝜋

Stopband: |𝐻(𝑒 𝑗𝜔 )| ≤ 0.2 0.6𝜋 ≤ |𝜔| ≤ 𝜋

Assume 𝑇=1 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑.