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exp4j

The document contains Python code for image processing using OpenCV and Matplotlib, focusing on histogram analysis and contrast enhancement. It includes two main parts: one that computes image brightness, contrast, and classifications for multiple images, and another that applies histogram equalization to improve the contrast of a low contrast image. The code demonstrates both built-in and manual methods for histogram calculation and visualization.

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Harsh Kalkar
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3 views

exp4j

The document contains Python code for image processing using OpenCV and Matplotlib, focusing on histogram analysis and contrast enhancement. It includes two main parts: one that computes image brightness, contrast, and classifications for multiple images, and another that applies histogram equalization to improve the contrast of a low contrast image. The code demonstrates both built-in and manual methods for histogram calculation and visualization.

Uploaded by

Harsh Kalkar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Exp No.

4:

a.)
import cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# List the 4 image paths here


image_paths = [
'hist4.bmp',
'hist5.bmp',
'hist6.bmp',
'hist7.bmp'
]

for image_path in image_paths:


# Read the image in grayscale
image = cv2.imread(image_path, cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)

if image is None:
print(f"❌ Could not read image: {image_path}")
continue

# Compute histogram
hist = cv2.calcHist([image], [0], None, [256], [0, 256])

# Compute brightness and contrast


brightness = np.mean(image)
contrast = image.std()

# Classification
if brightness < 85:
category = "Dark Image"
elif brightness > 170:
category = "Light Image"
elif contrast < 40:
category = "Low Contrast Image"
else:
category = "High Contrast Image"

# Display image and histogram


plt.figure(figsize=(12, 5))

plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
plt.imshow(image, cmap='gray')
plt.title(f"Grayscale Image: {image_path.split('/')[-1]}")
plt.axis("off")

plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.plot(hist, color='black')
plt.title("Histogram")
plt.xlabel("Pixel Value")
plt.ylabel("Frequency")

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

# Display classification info


print(f" Image: {image_path.split('/')[-1]}")
print(f"🔆 Brightness: {brightness:.2f}")
print(f" Contrast: {contrast:.2f}")
print(f"🧠 Image Classification: {category}\n")

// w/o inbuilt function

import cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# List the 4 image paths here


image_paths = [
'hist4.bmp',
'hist5.bmp',
'hist6.bmp',
'hist7.bmp'
]

for image_path in image_paths:


# Read the image in grayscale
image = cv2.imread(image_path, cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)

if image is None:
print(f"❌ Could not read image: {image_path}")
continue

# Create an array to hold the histogram values (256 bins for pixel values 0 to
255)
hist = np.zeros(256, dtype=int)

# Calculate histogram manually by counting occurrences of each pixel value


height, width = image.shape
for i in range(height):
for j in range(width):
pixel_value = image[i, j]
hist[pixel_value] += 1

# Compute brightness and contrast


brightness = np.mean(image)
contrast = image.std()

# Classification based on brightness and contrast


if brightness < 85:
category = "Dark Image"
elif brightness > 170:
category = "Light Image"
elif contrast < 40:
category = "Low Contrast Image"
else:
category = "High Contrast Image"

# Display image and histogram


plt.figure(figsize=(12, 5))

plt.subplot(1, 2, 1)
plt.imshow(image, cmap='gray')
plt.title(f"Grayscale Image: {image_path.split('/')[-1]}")
plt.axis("off")
plt.subplot(1, 2, 2)
plt.plot(hist, color='black')
plt.title("Histogram")
plt.xlabel("Pixel Value")
plt.ylabel("Frequency")

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

# Display classification info


print(f" Image: {image_path.split('/')[-1]}")
print(f"🔆 Brightness: {brightness:.2f}")
print(f" Contrast: {contrast:.2f}")
print(f"🧠 Image Classification: {category}\n")

b.)
import cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Provide the path to your low contrast image here


image_path = 'hist7.bmp'

# Read the image in grayscale


image = cv2.imread(image_path, cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)

# Check if image is read correctly


if image is None:
print(f"❌ Failed to read the image at: {image_path}")
else:
# Compute histogram before equalization
hist_before = cv2.calcHist([image], [0], None, [256], [0, 256])

# Apply Histogram Equalization


equalized_image = cv2.equalizeHist(image)

# Compute histogram after equalization


hist_after = cv2.calcHist([equalized_image], [0], None, [256], [0, 256])

# Plot the results


plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8))

# Original Image and Histogram


plt.subplot(2, 2, 1)
plt.imshow(image, cmap='gray')
plt.title("Original Low Contrast Image")
plt.axis("off")

plt.subplot(2, 2, 2)
plt.plot(hist_before, color='black')
plt.title("Histogram Before Equalization")
plt.xlabel("Pixel Value")
plt.ylabel("Frequency")

# Equalized Image and Histogram


plt.subplot(2, 2, 3)
plt.imshow(equalized_image, cmap='gray')
plt.title("Equalized Image (Enhanced Contrast)")
plt.axis("off")
plt.subplot(2, 2, 4)
plt.plot(hist_after, color='black')
plt.title("Histogram After Equalization")
plt.xlabel("Pixel Value")
plt.ylabel("Frequency")

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

// w/o inbuilt function

import cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Provide the path to your low contrast image here


image_path = 'hist7.bmp'

# Read the image in grayscale


image = cv2.imread(image_path, cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)

# Check if image is read correctly


if image is None:
print(f"❌ Failed to read the image at: {image_path}")
else:
# Manually compute the histogram before equalization
hist_before = np.zeros(256, dtype=int)
for pixel_value in image.ravel():
hist_before[pixel_value] += 1

# Apply Histogram Equalization manually (using cv2's built-in function as a


reference)
# Get the cumulative distribution function (CDF)
cdf = hist_before.cumsum()
cdf_normalized = cdf * float(hist_before.max()) / cdf.max() # Normalize CDF

# Apply the equalization to the image using the CDF


equalized_image = np.interp(image.ravel(), np.arange(256),
cdf_normalized).reshape(image.shape).astype(np.uint8)

# Manually compute the histogram after equalization


hist_after = np.zeros(256, dtype=int)
for pixel_value in equalized_image.ravel():
hist_after[pixel_value] += 1

# Plot the results


plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8))

# Original Image and Histogram


plt.subplot(2, 2, 1)
plt.imshow(image, cmap='gray')
plt.title("Original Low Contrast Image")
plt.axis("off")

plt.subplot(2, 2, 2)
plt.plot(hist_before, color='black')
plt.title("Histogram Before Equalization")
plt.xlabel("Pixel Value")
plt.ylabel("Frequency")

# Equalized Image and Histogram


plt.subplot(2, 2, 3)
plt.imshow(equalized_image, cmap='gray')
plt.title("Equalized Image (Enhanced Contrast)")
plt.axis("off")

plt.subplot(2, 2, 4)
plt.plot(hist_after, color='black')
plt.title("Histogram After Equalization")
plt.xlabel("Pixel Value")
plt.ylabel("Frequency")

plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

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