A PROJECT REPORT ON

“IoT Based Smart Plant Watering System”

Submitted to the Savitribai Phule University, Pune in the partial fulfilment

of the requirement for the award of the degree

OF

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Submitted by

1) Anap Bhagyashri Nanasaheb (2101)

2) Bhalerao Gauri Renukadas (2102)
3) Bhujabal Arpita Balasaheb (2103)
4) Dawange Anushka Suresh (2108)

Under the Guidance of

Prof.M.S.Gadakh

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

AMRUTVAHINI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SANGAMNER-422605
2024-25
 AMRUTVAHINI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

SANGAMNER-422608

CERTIFICATE
This Is to Certify that the Project Report Entitled

“IoT Based Smart Plant Watering System”

Has satisfactorily completed by

1) Anap Bhagyashri Nanasaheb (2101)

2) Bhalerao Gauri Renukadas (2102)
3) Bhujabal Arpita Balasaheb (2103)
4) Dawange Anushka Suresh (2108)

In partial fulfillment of term for fourth year of Electrical Engineering in Savitribai Phule Pune
University, Pune.

For academic year 2024-2025

Prof. M.S.Gadakh Dr. S. S. Kadlag

(Project Guide) (H.O.D)
 SAVITRIBAI PHULE PUNE UNIVERSITY,PUNE

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that,

1) Anap Bhagyashri Nanasaheb (2101)

2) Bhalerao Gauri Renukadas (2102)
3) Bhujabal Arpita Balasaheb (2103)
4) Dawange Anushka Suresh (2108)

Student of Third year Engineering were examined in the Seminar report entitled

“IoT Based Smart Plant Watering System”

INTERNAL EXAMINAR EXTERNAL EXAMINAR

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

AMRUTVAHINI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,

SANGAMNER

2024-25
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
With deep appreciation, I acknowledge this as a chance to thank those indispensable
persons, without whom I would not be able to complete my “Auto Control and Monitoring biogas
plant using LabVIEW” final Year Project. First of all, I thank my project guide, Prof.M.S.Gadakh,
Department of Electrical Engineering, who provided invaluable assistance in shaping the direction of
the project. We are greatly thankful to Dr. S.S. Kadlag , Head of Department of Electrical
Engineering, who gave support and encouragement, which has been source of inspiration. I am
especially thankful to Dr. M. A. Venkatesh, Principal of AVCOE, Sangamner. We are also thankful
to college library for providing the required books and access to the Internet for collecting information
related to the work. Last but not the least thanks to all supporting staff.
 ABSTRACT
-The Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming the agriculture industry and enabling farmers
to contend with the enormous challenges they face. Livestock monitoring, conservation monitoring,
and plant & soil monitoring are the challenges with which IoT can be a solution. The innovative IoT
applications address the issues in agriculture and increase the quality, quantity, sustainability, and
cost-effectiveness of agricultural production. Today’s large and local farms can leverage IoT to
remotely monitor sensors that can detect soil moisture and crop growth and detect pests and control
their smart connected harvesters and irrigation equipment. This project aims at monitoring the soil
parameters like soil moisture, temperature and electrical conductivity and automates the irrigation
process. Decision making is done through a microcontroller. User is acknowledged about the field
when there is any deviation from the expected values via text message. Along with soil parameters,
plant pest detection is also included in this project. This ensures complete system health. Whereas,
Greenhouses are controlled area environment to grow plants. The main aim of this project is to design
a simple, low-cost, Arduino-based system to monitor the values of environmental parameters that are
continuously uploaded and controlled in order to achieve optimum plant growth and yield.

Keywords: IOT,Nodemcu,Blynk app.

 INDEX
Chapter Name OF Topic Page No
No
Certificate

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Index

List Of Figures

1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Need of Project 2

1.3 Objective of Project 2

2 LITERATURE SURVEY 3

3 METHODOLOGY 5

4 RESULTS 14

5 CONCLUSION 16

6 REFERENCES 17
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Name Of figure Page

No NO
Fig -3.2.1 Node MCU (ESP8266) 6

Fig -3.2.2 Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor V1.2 6

Fig -3.2.3 5V Relay Module 7

Fig -3.2.4 5V Water Pump 7

Fig -3.3.1 Blynk IoT 8

Fig -3.3.2 Ardino IDE. 8

Fig -3.5 Block Daigram. 9

Fig -3.6 Circuit Daigram 10

Fig -5.1 Interface of Blynk Application 14

Fig -5.2 Working Model. 14

 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction:

Internet of Things represents a general concept for the ability of network devices to sense
and collect data from the world around us, and then share that data across the Internet where it can be
processed and utilized for various interesting purposes. Internet of Things is very quickly becoming
a reality. We can see the proof of it around us. Our devices are getting smarter each day from
smartphones to smart TV to smart car to Smart kitchen. Everything is now getting connected to
Internet. Internet of Things (IoT) describes a network of physical objects that connect to each other
through the internet. Objects, or ‘things can transfer information wirelessly without requiring human
interaction. A ‘thing’ can be any object that can be assigned an IP address and provided with the ability
to transfer data over a network. A Thing, in the Internet of Things, can be a person with a heart monitor
implant, a farm animal with a biochip transponder, an automobile that has built-in sensors to alert the
driver when tire pressure is low or any other natural or man-made object that can be assigned an IP
address and provided with the ability to transfer data over a network. These devices collect useful
data with the help of various existing technologies and then autonomously flow the data between
other devices. Current market examples include smart thermostat systems and washer/dryers that
utilize WiFi for remote monitoring.
In this project, we will learn about the IoT Based Smart Agriculture & Automatic Irrigation
System with Nodemcu ESP8266. Agriculture plays a vital role in the development of agricultural
countries. Some issues concerning agriculture have been always hindering the development of the
country. Consequently, the only solution to this problem is smart agriculture by modernizing the
current traditional methods of agriculture. Detail the various challenges faced in traditional plant care,
such as inconsistent watering, labor costs, and the difficulty of maintaining plants for busy
individuals. Reference statistics and studies about plant health and water usage in agriculture
Hence the method is making agriculture smart using automation and IoT technologies. The
Internet of Things (IoT) enables various applications of crop growth monitoring and selection,
automatic irrigation decision support, etc. We proposed the ESP8266 IoT Automatic irrigation system
to modernize and improve the productivity of the crop.
.

1
1.2 Need of Project:

Environmental Impact of Water Waste:

Explore global issues related to water wastage in agriculture. Cite reports, papers, and statistics on
water usage and conservation. Include case studies from different parts of the world where smart
irrigation systems have had a positive impact.

Sustainability and Plant Health:

Dive deeper into the importance of sustainable water use and its effects on plant health. Explain
how overwatering and underwatering affect plant growth, including scientific references and
diagrams.
You could also talk about the long-term economic and environmental benefits of using such systems
in large-scale farming.

Global Agricultural Challenges:

Include data on how climate change, labor shortages, and population growth put pressure on food
production. Present the need for automation and smart systems in modern agriculture.

1.3 Objective of Project:

• Main Objective:
The primary objective of this project is to design and implement an IoT-based system that
automates plant watering using real-time moisture data and provides remote control via a
mobile application.
• Sub-Objectives:
1. Monitor soil moisture levels using a moisture sensor.
2. Automate the activation of the water pump based on predefined moisture thresholds.
3. Display moisture levels on an LCD screen for easy local monitoring.
4. Provide real-time moisture data and remote pump control via the Blynk mobile app.
5. Enhance plant care by reducing manual intervention and improving water
management.

2
 CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE SURVEY
2. Literature Survey
The newer scenario of decreasing water tables, drying up of the rivers and tanks, and
unpredictable environment present an urgent need for proper utilization of water. In India about
35% of land was under reliably irrigated. And the 2/3rd part of land is depending on \monsoon for
the water. Irrigation reduces dependency on monsoon, improves food security and improves
productivity of agriculture and it offers more opportunities for jobs in rural areas. Farmers are
facing problems related to watering system that how much water has to supply and at what time?
Sometimes overwatering causes the damage to crops and as well as waste of water. Hence for
avoid such damage we need to maintain approximate water level in soil. In this paper, humidity
sensor, moisture sensor, temperature sensors placed in root zone of plant and gateway unit
(ESP8266) handles the sensor information and transmit data to a android application. This
application is developed for measure approximate values of temperature sensor, humidity sensor
and moisture sensor that was programmed into a microcontroller to control water quantity.

2.1 Automated Plant Watering System:

Abhishek Gupta[1] et al. explain that the system consists of a soil moisture sensor, a water
pump, and a microcontroller that controls the watering process. The article also discusses the
advantages of using an automated system over manual watering, such as improved plant growth
and reduced water waste. Overall, the article presents a useful solution for individuals who want
to maintain healthy plants while minimizing their water usage.

2.2 Automated Plant Watering System.:

K.Ajay Reddy[2] et al. This project provides a user friendly, reliable and automated water
pumping system at fields. Now a day’s technology is running with time, it completely occupied
the life style of human beings. Even though there is such an importance for technology in our
routine life there are even people whose life styles are very far to this well-known term technology.
So it is our responsibility to design few reliable systems which can be even efficiently used by
them. This basic idea gave birth to the project Node MCU based water pump controller at fields
using Relay switches. The project mainly aims in designing water management system using soil
moisture

2.3 Smart Garden Monitoring System Using IoT.:

T.Thamaraimanalan[3] et al. They explain that the system collects data on parameters such as
temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and light intensity using sensors and sends the data to a
cloud-based server for storage and analysis. The article also describes how the system can be
accessed remotely through a mobile application. The authors highlight the benefits of such a
system, including improved plant growth and reduced water usage, as well as potential
applications for large-scale farming. Overall, the article provides a useful resource for individuals
interested in implementing an IoT- based garden monitoring system.

3
2.4 Embedded Based Green House Monitoring system using Microcontroller:
Arul Jai Singh [4] et al. presents a system designed to monitor and control the
environmental parameters of a greenhouse using an embedded system based on a PIC
microcontroller. The authors, Arul Jai Singh, Raviram, and Shanthosh Kumar, explain that the
system measures parameters such as temperature, humidity, and light intensity using sensors and
adjusts them to maintain optimal conditions for plant growth. The article also describes the
implementation of a web-based interface for remote monitoring and control of the system. The
authors highlight the benefits of the system, including increased yield and reduced energy
consumption, as well as potential applications in commercial agriculture. Overall, the article
provides a useful resource for individuals interested in implementing an embedded-based
greenhouse monitoring system for optimal plant growth.

4
 CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
3. Methodology:
3.1 Proposed Methodology.
We will use Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor to measure moisture content present in the soil.
Similarly to measure Air Temperature and Humidity, we prefer DHT11 Humidity Temperature
Sensor. Using a 5V Power relay we will control the Water Pump.
Whenever the sensor detects a low quantity of moisture in the soil, the motor turns on automatically.
Hence, will automatically irrigate the field. Once the soil becomes wet, the motor turns off. You can
monitor all this happening remotely via Blynk app online from any part of the world.

3.2 Component List.

1. NodeMCU-ESP8266 12E Board
2. Soil Moisture Sensor-Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor V1.2 3.DHT11
3. Humidity Temperature Sensor
4. Relay Module- 5V Relay Module
5. DC Motor Pump- 5V Water Pump
6. Bread Board and Jumper cables

3.3 Software Requirement.

1. Blynk Application
2. Ardino IDE

3.2.1 Node MCU (ESP8266) Wifi Module:

NodeMCU is an advanced API for hardware input/output device which can be dramatically
reduces the work for configuring manipulative hardware. It uses a code like Arduino but rather is an
interactive script called Lua. It is an open source IoT platform. It runs on a firmware of ESP8266 Wi-
Fi Soc produced by Espressif systems. NodeMCU has 16 input/output pins and hence 16 nodes can
be connected to a single node. The ESP8266 is Wi-Fi Soc which is integrated with a Tensilica Xtensa
LX106 core which is widely used in IoT applications.” NodeMCU” refers in default to the firmware
rather than the development kits. ESP8266 is an inbuilt WiFi module which can also be used as an
individual module as a Wifi module.

5
 Fig -3.2.1: Node MCU (ESP8266)

3.2.2. Soil Moisture Sensor:

Soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content in soil. The direct gravimetric
measurement of free soil moisture requires removing, drying and weighing of a sample, soil moisture
sensors measures the volumetric water content indirectly by usimg some other property of the soil,
such as electrical resistance, dielectric constant, or interaction with neutrons, as a proxy for the
moisture content. The relation between the measured property and soil moisture must be calibrated
and may vary depending on environmental factors such as soil type, temperature, or electric
conductivity. Reflected microwave radiation is affected by the soil moisture and is used for remote
sensing in hydrology and agriculture. Portable probe instruments can be used by farmers or gardeners.
Soil moisture sensors typically refer to sensors that estimate volumetric water content. Another class
of sensors measure another property of moisture in soils called water potential; these sensors are
usually referred to as soil water potential sensors and include tensiometers and gypsum blocks.

Fig -3.2.2: Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor V1.2

6
3.2.4.5V Relay Module:
Relay is one kind of electro-mechanical component that functions as a switch. The relay
coil is energized by DC so that contact switches can be opened or closed. A single channel 5V relay
module generally includes a coil, and two contacts like normally open (NO) and normally closed
(NC). This article discusses an overview of the 5V relay module & its working but before going to
discuss what is relay module is, first we have to know what is relay and its pin configuration.

Fig -3.2.3: 5V Relay Module

3.2.5 .5V Water Pump:

DC 5V Mini Submersible Noiseless Water Pump is a low-cost, small size Submersible
Pump. It can take up to 150 liters per hour with a very low current consumption from 300mA to 1A
max. The water pump works using water suction method which drain the water through its inlet and
released it through the outlet.

Fig -3.3.4: 5V Water Pump

7
3.2.6 .Blynk IoT:
Blynk IoT is main Software Tool of Our Project. It can be Installed by using Following Steps:
First we have to install the Blynk IoT App from play store. After Create Account on Blynk App by
using Mail Id. Then go to Developer mode and Create New Template According to our project. After
creation of Template, we have to go to DataStream’s and create Separate Data stream for each
parameter. In our project we take two Data Streams like Temperature, Humidity and Soil Moisture.
After Create Web Dash Board for Displaying parameter’s purpose. In Web Dash Board we take three
Gauges for measuring Temperature Humidity and Soil Moisture

Fig -3.3.1: Blynk IoT

3.3.1. Ardino IDE:

Arduino IDE is an open-source software, designed by Arduino.cc and mainly used for
writing, compiling & uploading code to almost all Arduino Modules.

Fig -3.3.2: Ardino IDE.

8
3.4 Connection Mechanism :
When we give the power supply the NodeMCU activate. Then also sensors get ON. 2.
When sensors are ON It reads the data from soil and also from Surroundings. 3. Based on the values
which are detected by Sensors motor will be turn to ON/OFF State. 4. The value of Threshold is
less than the Moisture then the Motor turned ON. 5. If it Detects high moisture level the motor is in
OFF position. 6. The Sensor only collects all the values and sends it to ESP8266 Wi-Fi protocol. 7.
The Information Display on the Blynk App. 8. Then the user can easily control the motor by using
Blynk App.

3.5 Block Daigram :

Fig -3.5: Block Daigram.

The Physical Description of project can be represented by the above Fig 5. All Sensors are connected
to the NodeMCU and DC Pump and Relay module is connected to Power Supply. Here we use the
power supply as Battery. The Output can be shown in Blynk App. This app is used to Monitor and

9
Control our Hardware project and Display the parameters in Web Dashboard of Blynk App. The
circuit Diagram can be shown in below Figure:6 The connections of circuit are explain below. In
NodeMCU we use D3, D2,D5 and A0 along with VCC and GND Pins.DTH11 Sensor consist of Three
pins the data pin is connected to D3 of MCU and Supply and Ground pin is connected to VCC and
GND respectively. Soil moisture sensor signal pin is connected to A0 and remaining two pins one is
connected to supply and another is ground. LED positive is connected to D2 whereas negative is
grounded. Relay Module data pin is connected to the D5 and Supply and Ground is connected to VCC
and GND Respectively. DC Pump Relay Module is connected to the Battery. DC pump Operates
based on the Relay and Battery. When we give Power Supply to NodeMCU 5V or 9V then the user
program in flash memory is enables and display the outputs. According to the displayed information
we overcome the Soil Moisture related problems then we improve the Soil Moisture by giving the
proper water supply to plant through motor. Then Automatically the we improve plant growth and
also reduce the wastage of water. When moisture level is high then the motor is in OFF position

3.6 Circuit Daigram

Fig -3.6: Circuit Daigram

10
3.8 Problem Statement:
Farmers cannot precisely detect environmental condition around the plant. Farmers only know
the wetness of soil, the humidity and temperature around the plant by feel it themselves. Nowadays,
there is wireless technologies that being implement in many fields. The user need device that can send
the condition of plant wirelessly. The user will get notification about the environmental condition
around the plant. To always sustain and retain appropriate moisture content in the soil we have
designed an automatic moisture control and irrigation system by monitoring the parameters
temperature, humidity and soil moisture content using the temperature & humidity sensors (DHT11)
and moisture sensors. The prototype we used comprises of moisture sensors, temperature & humidity
sensors, Nodemcu and water pipes to supply water from tank controlled by DC motors. Moisture
sensors are installed near the roots and temperature & humidity (DHT11) sensor is installed further
away to detect the temperature and humidity. These sensors send their data to the Nodemcu to analyze
the results. The Nodemcu will turn the inlet valve on, to water the plants, until the soil moisture value
becomes greater than the threshold value which is 30% (calculated according to the crop - eg:spinach),
Spinach Soil Humidity - 30% Air Humidity - 14% Temperature - 25°

3.9. Source Code:

//Include the library files

#define BLYNK_TEMPLATE_ID "TMPL3rPbjEvPk"
#define BLYNK_TEMPLATE_NAME "IOT Smart Plant Watering Syastem"
#define BLYNK_AUTH_TOKEN "MRqT6czFh4OsUu0F9k6qHWJpf7o8BzQ3"
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
#define BLYNK_PRINT Serial
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <BlynkSimpleEsp8266.h>

//Initialize the LCD display

LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27, 16, 2);

char auth[] = "MRqT6czFh4OsUu0F9k6qHWJpf7o8BzQ3";//Enter your Auth token

char ssid[] = "ESP8266";//Enter your WIFI name
char pass[] = "12345678";//Enter your WIFI password

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BlynkTimer timer;
bool Relay = 0;

//Define component pins

#define sensor A0
#define waterPump D3

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(waterPump, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(waterPump, HIGH);
lcd.init();
lcd.backlight();

Blynk.begin(auth, ssid, pass, "blynk.cloud", 80);

lcd.setCursor(1, 0);
lcd.print("System Loading");
for (int a = 0; a <= 15; a++) {
lcd.setCursor(a, 1);
lcd.print(".");
delay(500);
}
lcd.clear();

//Call the function

timer.setInterval(100L, soilMoistureSensor);
}

//Get the button value

BLYNK_WRITE(V1) {
Relay = param.asInt();

12
 if (Relay == 1) {
digitalWrite(waterPump, LOW);
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Motor is ON ");
} else {
digitalWrite(waterPump, HIGH);
lcd.setCursor(0, 1);
lcd.print("Motor is OFF");
}
}

//Get the soil moisture values

void soilMoistureSensor() {
int value = analogRead(sensor);
value = map(value, 0, 1024, 0, 100);
value = (value - 100) * -1;

Blynk.virtualWrite(V0, value);
lcd.setCursor(0, 0);
lcd.print("Moisture :");
lcd.print(value);
lcd.print(" ");

void loop() {
Blynk.run();//Run the Blynk library
timer.run();//Run the Blynk timer
}

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 CHAPTER 4
RESULTS

4.1 Results :

Fig -5.1: Interface of Blynk Application

Fig -5.2: Working Model.

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4.2. Future Scope and Expansion
The Future Scope of this Project never be ended Because in today fast World every person will
Require a helping hand to take care of plant and Plant health status. This is Further used for large
Scale of Agriculture Purpose to increase the Crop Rate and help farmers to reduce man power.
Machine results and sensing provide accurate results which will help optimize production. With IOT
the Plant Monitoring system can be made portable. Plant Monitoring system can be set up in extreme
climatic conditions as the automated system will continuously make alterations such that suitable
conditions for the plants are sustained.

1. Integration of Additional Sensors:

- Add temperature, humidity, pH, and light sensors to optimize watering based on more
comprehensive data, enhancing plant care.
2. Weather Forecast Integration:
- Use weather APIs to adjust watering schedules based on rain forecasts, reducing water wastage
and improving system efficiency.
3. Multi-Zone Irrigation:
- Expand the system to support multiple zones, allowing it to water different plants or areas with
varying needs simultaneously.
4. Solar-Powered System:
- Integrate solar panels for sustainable, off-grid operation, with battery backup for continuous
functionality in low-light conditions.
5. AI and Machine Learning:
- Implement machine learning to predict optimal watering times and improve efficiency based on
plant growth data and environmental conditions.
6. Scalability for Commercial Use:
- Adapt the system for large-scale agricultural use, automating irrigation across farms and
integrating with farm management systems.
7. Enhanced Mobile App Features:
- Improve the Blynk app with features like data visualization, alerts, and possibly voice control for
easier management of the system.
8. Smart Water Management:
- Incorporate drip irrigation and water recycling to further conserve water, especially in areas with
water scarcity.

15
 CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION
5. Conclusion
In this project, we implemented an automatic irrigation facility which one can easily control
from their home by using a simple online application. Labor work would be eliminated and we would
get accurate results. The proposed system can reduce the efforts of farmers and provides a high yield.
It also conserves water for irrigation by locating the sensor at the right position above the soil level.
This work has shown that plants can still sustain at low moisture level when the temperature is
moderate.Analyzing more than one parameter has made this system an efficient one for managing the
field.
The IoT-based Smart Plant Watering System is a highly efficient and user-friendly solution for
automating plant care. By integrating components such as the ESP8266, moisture sensor, water pump,
relay module, LCD display, and the Blynk app, the system ensures that plants receive the right amount
of water at the right time, minimizing both human effort and water wastage.This project highlights
the importance of IoT in modern agriculture and gardening, offering a practical approach to water
conservation and plant health management. The system’s ability to provide real-time moisture data
and remote control through a mobile application makes it an ideal solution for individuals and farmers
alike.
In conclusion, this project not only demonstrates the practicality of IoT in everyday applications
but also contributes towards a more sustainable future by promoting efficient water usage and
healthier plant growth.

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 REFERENCES
[1] Abhishek Gupta, Shailesh Kumawat, Shubham Garg, "Automated Plant Watering System", Vol-
2, Issue-4, 2016 ISSN: 2454 - 1362.
[2] Taylor Francis Group, "Automated Plant Watering System", LLC, pp.59-69, 16 September
2016.Taylor Francis Group,"Automated Plant Watering System", LLC, pp.59-69, 16 September
2016..
[3] T.Thamaraimanalan , S.P.Vivekk ,G.Satheeshkumar, P.Saravanan," Smart Garden Monitoring
System Using IOT",IEEE,pp.5- 10,2018.
[4] Arul Jai Singh, Raviram, Shanthosh Kumar, "Embedded Based Green House Monitoring system
using pic Microcontroller", IEEE Trans. Syst, Man, Cybern. Systems and Humans, vol. 41, no. 6,
pp.1064-1076, November 2011.

17