Scribd
Upload
17 views4 pages

Experiment 3 - Ohm's Law and Resistors in SeriesParallel

The document outlines an experiment focusing on Ohm's Law and the calculation of equivalent resistance in series and parallel resistor circuits. It includes theoretical explanations of Ohm's Law, series and parallel resistor configurations, and the relevant mathematical formulas. The experiment procedure details steps for verifying Ohm's Law and measuring resistances, along with data collection for current and potential values.

Uploaded by

ceydakilic106
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
17 views4 pages

Experiment 3 - Ohm's Law and Resistors in SeriesParallel

The document outlines an experiment focusing on Ohm's Law and the calculation of equivalent resistance in series and parallel resistor circuits. It includes theoretical explanations of Ohm's Law, series and parallel resistor configurations, and the relevant mathematical formulas. The experiment procedure details steps for verifying Ohm's Law and measuring resistances, along with data collection for current and potential values.

Uploaded by

ceydakilic106
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Experiment No : EM3

Ohm's Law and Resistors in Series/Parallel


Experiment Name :
Verification of Ohm's Law, Calculation of Equivalent Resistance in
Experiment Goals :
Circuits, and Demonstration of Compliance with Ohm's Law

Theory :

Ohm’s Law
Ohm's law states that the potential difference across a resistor is directly proportional to the
current passing through the resistor. Additionally, according to Ohm's law, the relationship
between potential and current increases at a constant rate. This constant rate is referred to as the
value of resistance.
𝑉 = 𝐼𝑅
Where V is the potential difference (Volts), I is the current (Amperes), and R is the resistance
(Ohms). The relationship between them is as stated above. The potential across the Ohmic
resistance is equal to the ratio of the current.
1𝑉
1𝛺 =
𝐴
Resistors in Series and Parallel
Resistors in Series
A series connected resistor circuit is obtained by connecting resistors end to end. If the current
coming from the power source passes through all resistors without dividing along a straight
line, then the circuit is said to be connected in series. Since series resistors are on the same line,
equal current flows through each resistor. However, according to Ohm's law, there is a
difference in potential across each resistor.

Figure 1. Circuit diagram for series connected resistors.

Mathematically, according to Ohm's law, the following formula is obtained:


𝑉 = 𝑉1 + 𝑉2 + 𝑉3
𝑉 = 𝐼𝑅1 + 𝐼𝑅2 + 𝐼𝑅3
In circuits created with resistors, a single resistor can be written to represent all resistors. This
resistor is called equivalent resistance or total resistance.

1
In series connected resistors, where the current is not divided and the potential applied to the
system is equal to the total potential of the resistors, the equivalent resistance for resistors in
series is calculated as:
𝑉𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣. = 𝑉1 + 𝑉2 + 𝑉3 = 𝐼(𝑅1 + 𝑅2 + 𝑅3 )

𝑅𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣. = 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 + 𝑅3 + ⋯
Resistors in Parallel
A parallel connected resistor circuit is formed by connecting resistors from each end. In such
a case, the current coming from the power source cannot follow a straight line. It is divided in
proportion to the magnitudes of the resistors.

• Kirchoff's Current Law: At the junction points where the current is divided and
collected, the sum of the currents coming to the junction point is equal to the sum of the
currents leaving the junction point.
• Kirchoff's Voltage Law: For all closed loops in the circuit, the sum of the potentials in
one direction is equal to zero.

Figure 2. Circuit diagram for parallel connected resistors.

According to Kirchoff's current law, the sum of the currents (I1, I2, and I3 flowing through the
system) is equal to the total current (I). Similarly, when Kirchoff's voltage law is applied, the
potential across each resistor in parallel connected resistors should be equal. Considering these
two conditions, when Ohm's law is written we will obtain the following the equations:
𝐼 = 𝐼1 + 𝐼2 + 𝐼3
𝐼1 𝑅1 = 𝐼2 𝑅2 = 𝐼3 𝑅3 = 𝐼𝑅𝑒ş = 𝑉
Dividing the potential across each resistor by the resistance of that resistor gives us the current
passing through that resistor. If we represent the currents in the circuit through potential and
resistance:
𝑉 𝑉 𝑉 𝑉
= + +
𝑅𝑒ş 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅3
This expression leads to the equivalent resistance formula for resistors in parallel when we
divide the entire expression by V potential:
1 1 1 1
= + + +⋯
𝑅𝑒ş 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅3

2
Experiment Procedure:

Ohm's Law

1. Ensure that the power source is turned off.


2. Construct the circuit by connecting the power source, resistor, and ammeter in series.
3. Connect the voltmeter across the resistor in parallel.
4. Turn on the power source and adjust the output potential to 1V.
5. Increase the output potential from 1V to 5V in increments of 1V.
6. Record the measured current and potential values for each potential.
7. Plot and interpret the current-potential (I-V) graph.
8. Calculate the resistance value from the slope of the graph.
9. Determine the margin of error between the experimental and actual resistance values.
10. Repeat the experiment for the second resistor.

Note: Ensure that the power source is turned off when changing the resistor.
Connecting Resistors in Series and Parallel
Series Connected Resistors

1. Ensure that the power source is turned off.


2. Connect two resistors in series and construct the circuit.
3. Turn on the power source and set the output potential to 5V.
4. Measure the current passing through the circuit using the ammeter.
5. Measure the potential across each resistor using the voltmeter.
6. Calculate the equivalent resistance and determine the current passing through the
circuit and the potential across the resistors.
7. Calculate the margin of error between the measured and calculated values.

Parallel Connected Resistors

1. Ensure that the power source is turned off.


2. Connect two resistors in parallel and construct the circuit.
3. Turn on the power source and set the output potential to 5V.
4. Measure the overall current of the circuit using the ammeter and calculate the equivalent
resistance.
5. Perform theoretical calculations for resistors with known values.
6. Calculate the margin of error by comparing the results.

3
Ohm’s Law

Power Source Current (Amperes) Potential (Volt)


1V
2V
3V
4V
5V

Req (R1+R2): …………………


Req (VT/I): …………………

Margin of Error: …………………

Resistors in Series

Current (A) R1 (Ω) R2 (Ω) V1 (𝑰𝑹𝟏 ) V2 (𝑰𝑹𝟐 )

Req (R1+R2): …………………


Req (VT/I): …………………

Margin of Error: …………………

Resistors in Parallel

R1 (Ω) R2 (Ω) Current (A) Potential (V)

Req (calculated): …………………


Req (V/I): …………………

Margin of Error: ………………

DON’T FORGET THE UNITS

You might also like