DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

LABORATORY MANUAL

ADVANCED CADD LABORATORY

( SUBJECT CODE : 3029 )
( SCHEME : 2021 )

Name……………………………………………………………………….

Branch……………………………………………………………………...

Class……………………Roll No……………Reg No…………………….

MALABAR POLYTECHNIC CAMPUS

( Run by: Malabar Education & Charitable Trust )
(Approved by AICTE & State Board of Technical Education, Kerala) EMS/Market Road,
Cherpulassery, Palakkad Dt, Kerala Pin-679503
 COURSE OUTCOMES

CO Description Duration Cognitive

No. level
CO1 Draw various fastening devices by choosing proper 12 Applying
tools in the software

CO2 Prepare detailed drawing of a complex component in 21 Applying

a fast and effective manner

CO3 Implement GD&T symbols and surface finish 12 Applying

symbols in a CAD drawing

CO4 Identify the basic concepts of 3D modeling in a 9 Applying

software environment

CO PO MAPPING

Course PO 1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PSO 1 PSO2

Outcomes

CO 1 3 3 3

CO 2 3 3 3

CO 3 3 3 3

CO 4 3 3 3

3-Strongly mapped, 2-Moderately mapped, 1-Weakly mapped

 GUIDELINES

1. You may use the computers in the lab only when a teacher is present
2. Please place your bags and footwear outside the lab
3. Keep the lab clean and neat at all times
4. Use only the computer you are assigned to
5. Report any hardware fault immediately to your teacher. Never attempt to dismantle the
different parts of the computer
6. The computers are for your academic use. Playing computer games for entertainment is
strictly not allowed
7. Shut down the computer properly after use
8. Be cognizant about the emergency exits, fire exits, and assembly areas when you are working
in a laboratory.
9. In an emergency, seek professional help. Consult the laboratory staff who have been trained to
provide professional help. Do not attend any safety operation if you are not trained.
10. If you come across any defective equipment with potential risks, inform the laboratory staff
immediately.
11. In case of any type of accident and/or if someone is hurt, seek help immediately. Behave as a
responsible citizen in case of serious accidents and report to the concerned authorities.
Breaching of safety rules during an experiment will not be tolerated.
 PERFORMANCE RECORD

DATE EXERCISE DETAILS MARK / SIGN

CO 1 : Draw various fastening devices by choosing proper tools in the software

1.1 Introduction to CADD

( Simple & Basic CADD drawings )

1.2 Fastening Devices I

1) Bolt, nut and a plain washer
(Hexagonal and Square headed)
2) Rivet heads (general purpose)

1.3 Fastening Devices II

1) Single riveted and double riveted lap joint
( Chain )
2) Single riveted and double riveted lap joint
( zigzag )

3) Single riveted single strap butt joint

4) Single riveted double strap butt joint

CO 2 : Prepare detailed drawing of a complex component in a fast and effective manner

2.1 Machine Elements I

1) Sleeve & Cotter Joint

2) Socket & Spigot Joint

3) Knuckle Joint

2.2 Machine Elements II

4) Stuffing Box

5) Foot Step bearing or Plummer Block

6) Flanged Coupling Unprotected type

 CO 3 : Prepare detailed drawing of a complex component in a fast and effective manner

3.1 GD & T

3.2 Surface Finish Symbols

3.3 Shoop Floor Drawing

1) Slip Bush

2) Over Hung Crank

3) C- Clamp

4) Connecting Rod

CO 4 : Prepare detailed drawing of a complex component in a fast and effective manner

4.1 Introduction To 3D

4.2 Simple Solid Object I

4.3 Simple Solid Object II

4.4 Isometric to orthographic view

 PROGRAM OUTCOMES ( POs )

PO1: Basic and Discipline specific knowledge:

Apply knowledge of basic mathematics, science and engineering fundamentals and
engineering specialization to solve the engineering problems.

PO2: Problem analysis:

Identify and analyse well-defined engineering problems using codified standard methods.

PO3: Design/ development of solutions:

Design solutions for well-defined technical problems and assist with the design of systems
components or processes to meet specified needs.

PO4: Engineering Tools, Experimentation and Testing:

Apply modern engineering tools and appropriate techniques to conduct standard tests and
measurements.

PO5: Engineering practices for society, sustainability and environment:

Apply appropriate technology in the context of society, sustainability, environment and
ethical practices.

PO6: Project Management:

Use engineering management principles individually, as a team member or a leader to
manage projects and effectively communicate about well-defined engineering activities.

PO7: Life-long learning:

Ability to analyse individual needs and engage in updating in the context of technological
changes.

PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES ( PSOs )

PSO1: Apply modern hardware and software tools for design, stimulation and modelling of electrical
systems to engage life-long learning and to successfully adapt in multidisciplinary environments

PSO2: Contribute for the development of electrical vehicles and green energy to meet the increasing
sustainable demand of the society
 INSTITUTION VISION
To be a centre of excellence by moulding young talented, globally
competent professionals to meet the challenges of Industry and Society

INSTITUTION MISSION

Equip Students to adapt changing global scenario.

Enhance the skills to meet Scientific and Engineering needs of the Society
To create hands-on experience through Industry-Institute Interactions.
Explore ample opportunities in Entrepreneurship and Employability.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

VISION

To be a hub of excellence for globally competent mechanical engineers with social

Commitment to meet the needs of industry

MISSION
Providing quality education in a creative environment

Upgrading skills of the students to make them globally competitive

Equip the students to overcome the challenges of the society

To develop professionals through Industry-Institution interaction

 3029 - Advanced CADD Lab

INTRODUCTION

The method of preparing engineering drawings by using computer software is known as

Computer Aided Drafting (CAD) or Computer Aided Design and Drafting (CADD).
This system provides a clean and comfortable approach to drafting where by the
drawings can be revised at a faster rate even by adding features of easy duplication and
editing with high level of accuracy and quality. Thus CAD is a valuable tool. Now,
CAD is becoming more and more popular in the various engineering fields such as civil,
electrical, mechanical, electronics and Communication, architecture etc. It is very
extensively used in mapping contouring, structural design, panel design, Modeling etc.
In earlier days, mini computers or mainframe computers were used for working with
CAD software. Now PC based CAD software’s are extensively used for the preparation
of drawings. However, mainframe CAD software’s are even now used for processing
jobs that require very high amount of CPU power.lt is easier to learn and no previous
computer experience is need and hence it is very user- friendly and easy to follow the
commands prompted.
The use of CAD process provides enhanced graphics capabilities which allow any
designer to;

 Visualize his ideas.

 Modify the design very easily.
 Perform animation.
 Make design calculations
 Use colors and fonts

REASONS FOR IMPLIMENTING CAD SYSTEM

 Increase the productivity of the designer

 Improve the quality of the design

 Improve communication

 Improve the efficiency of design

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DRAWING COMMANDS

1. LINE
Command : LINE or L

The line command is used to draw simple lines either single line or series of lines.
There are four co-ordinate systems used in AutoCAD to relocate a point on the
screen. On AUTOCAD 2D drawing is done by considering the screen on X, Y
plane. AutoCAD uses the following ordinates systems.

a) ABSOLUTE CO-ORDINATE METHOD

In this method the points are create to draw a line with respect to the origin
(0, 0). To mark a point value is given in pairs as X co- ordinate value
followed by Y co-ordinate value.

Command : LINE (L) ↩

Specify first point : 20,20 ↩
Specify next point : 80,20 ↩
Specify next point : 80,50 ↩
Specify next point : 40,5 0 ↩
Specify next point : 40,70 ↩
Specify next point : 20,70 ↩
Specify next point : 20,20 ↩
Specify next point : Press enter to complete the
drawing
+

b) RELATIVE CO-ORDINATE METHOD

In this method, the points are located to draw a line with reference to the
previous point.

Command : LINE (L) ↩

Specify first point : 20. 20 ↩
Specify next point : @60,0 ↩
Specify next point : @0, 30 ↩
Specify next point : @-40, 0 ↩
Specify next point : @0, 20 ↩
Specify next point : @-20, 0 ↩
Specify next point : @0, -50 ↩
Specify next point : Press enter to complete the
drawing

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c) POLAR CO-ORDINATE METHOD

In this method the points are created to draw a line by defining of

thepoint from the current position and the angle made to that line

Command : LINE (L) ↩

Specify first point : Click any point on the
screen
Specify next point : @60<0 ↩
Specify next point : @30<90 ↩
Specify next paint : @40<180 ↩
Specify next point : @20<90 ↩
Specify next point : @20<180 ↩
Specify next point : @50<270 ↩
Specify next point : Press enter to complete the drawing

d) DIRECT DISTANCE METHOD

In these methods, the points are located to draw a line using the
distanceentry in the direction of the cursor

Command : LINE (L) ↩

Specify first point : Click any point on the screen ↩
Specify next point : 60, move mouse horizontally right ↩
Specify next point : 30, move mouse vertically up ↩
Specify next point ; 40, move mouse horizontally left ↩
Specify next point ; 20, move mouse vertically up ↩
Specify next point ; 30, move mouse horizontally left ↩
Specify next point : 50, move mouse vertically down ↩
Specify next point : Press enter to complete the ↩
drawing

[ Note: The ORTHO command is used to keep the mouse directions vertically /
horizontally. Command: ORTHTO ↩ [ON/OFF] Function Key F8 is used to toggle
ORTHO mode ]

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Command : ARC or A

This Command is used to create an arc in AutoCAD drawings. From the

2. ARC
command line type ARC or A, and press center key or from Draw menu
select Arc and select anyone method of arc formation

 Start, centre, end

 Start, centre, angle
 Start, centre, length
 Start, end, angle
 Start, end, direction
 Start, end, radius
 Centre, start, end
 Centre, start, angle
 Centre, start, length
 3 Point method

3. CIRCLE
Command: CIRCLE or C

This command is used to create a circle in the drawings. From the command line
type CIRCLE or C and press enter key or from Draw menu select Circle and
select anyone method of circle formation.

• Centre, radius
• Centre, diameter
• 2 Point
• 3 Point
• Tan, Tan, Radius
• Tan, Tan, Tan

4. RECTANGLE
Command: RECTANGLE or REC

This command is used to create a rectangle polygon in the drawings. From the
command line type RECTANGLE or REC and press enter key or from Draw
menu select Rectangle

Specify first corner or enter an Enter an option or specify first corner point
option by mouse click or co-ordinatemethod
[Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness [absolute/relative/polar/direct]
/Width] :
Specify other corner point Enter an option or Specify other corner pointby
[Area/Dimension/Rotation] : mouse click or co-ordinate method
[absolute/relative/polar/direct]

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5. ELLIPSE

Command: ELLIPSE or EL

This command is used to draw ellipse or elliptical arc in the drawings. Fromthe
command line type ELLIPSE or EL and press enter key or from Draw menu select
Ellipse.

• Centre
• Axis, End
• Arc

Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or : C

[Arc/Center]
Specify center of ellipse : Centre of ellipse is specified by mouse
Click or co-ordinatemethod
Specify endpoint of axis : End point of ellipse is specified by
mouse click or co-ordinate method
Specify distance to other axis or : Distance is specified or option Rotation
[Rotation] is selected

6. DONUT

Command: DONUT or DO

This command is used to draw filled circles and rings n the drawings. From
the command line type DONUT or DO and press enter key or from Draw
menu select Donut

Specify inside diameter of donut <0.5 : Inside diameter is specified or Pressenter

000> key
Specify outside diameter of donut : Outside diameter is specified or Press
<1.0000> enter key
Specify center of donut or <exit> : Center point is specified by
mouse or
Co-ordinates

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7. POLYLINE or PLINE
Command: PL or PLINE
A poly line is a connected sequence of line segments created as a single object.
You can create straight line segments, arc segments, or a combination of the two
Follow this prompt

Specify start point : Pick the start point of the poly line
Specify next point or [Arc/Half : Pick the next point of pline or enter the desired
width/Length/Undo/Width] option
Specify next point or : Note: The Explode command reduces a poly line to
[Arc/Close/Half its line and arc components. Poly lines with a
width/Length/Undo/Width] width value lose their width once exploded

8. HATCH
Command: BHATCH or Hatch or H

This command is used to fill the specified area in the drawing with predefined
patterns. From the command line type BHATCH or Hatch or H and pres center
key or from Draw menu select Hatch.

There are three types of hatching styles (Normal, Outer and Ignore). We can
specify the boundary, pattern type, scale factor of hatching elements, angle for
hatching pattern and hatching style from the Hatch dialog box.

9. POINT
Command : POINT or P0

This command is used to draw point on the specified area in the drawing. From
the command line type POINT or P0 and press enter key or from Draw menu
select Point.

To set the point style size and type choose the point style manager from
format menu or type DDPTYPE from command line.

10. TEXT or MTEXT

Command: TEXT or MTEXT or T

This command to place text objects in the drawing. From the command line type
TEXT or MTEXT or T and press enter key or from Draw menu select Text.

We can place a single line text by the TEXT command. The MTEXT command
allows to place formatted multi line text in the drawing while the text formatting
tool bar helps to format the text in different styles

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MODIFICATION COMMANDS

1. ERASE

Removes selected objects from a drawing.

Command :E
Menu : Modify> Erase

Options

Single: This lets you pick a single object only. From the keyboard
enter Si at theSelect objects: prompt.

Last: From the keyboard, enter L at the Select objects: prompt to erase
the last entitydrawn.

Previous: Enter P from the keyboard to erase the previous selection set.

Oops: This restores objects erased by the last Erase command.

2. COPY

Copies objects in a specified distance and direction.

Command : Co ↩ or Cp ↩
Menu : Modify > Copy

Shortcut menu: Select objects, right-click in the drawing area, and choose
Copy.

Follow these prompts ;

Select objects : Select objects to be copied and press ↩

Specify base point or [Displacement] : Spec a base point orpress ↩ to ↩
<Displacement> specify displacement
Specify second point or [Exit/Undo] : Specify a point or press ↩
<Exit>

The two points you specify define a vector that indicates how far the
copied objectsare to be moved and in what direction.

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3. MIRROR

Makes a mirror-image copy of an object or a group of objects.

Command : Mi ↩
Menu : Modify > Mirror

Follow these prompts:

Select objects : Pick the objects to be mirrored ↩

Specify first point of mirror line : Pick one end of the mirror axis
Specify second point of mirror line : Pick the other end of the mirror axis
Delete source objects? [Yes/No] <N> ; Y.4 to delete the originally selected
objects, or press to keep them

4. OFFSET

Creates a new object at a specified distance from an existing object or through

a specified point. Offset can create parallel lines, plines, arcs, splines, and
concentric circles.

Command : O ↩
Menu : Modify > Offset

Follow these prompts:

 Specify offset distance or through] <Through>: Enter a distance value to

specify a constant distance to offset, press T to specify an offset through- point
after each object selection is made, or press ↩

 Enter a distance value, and press ↩ ; you are then prompted to Select an object
to offset. Pick the object to offset. At the next prompt, specify point on side to
offset: pick the side on which you want the offset to appear. You can continue
to offset objects at that distance or press .J to exit the command

 Selecting Through by entering T prompts you to Specify through point: Pick

a point to locate the offset line.

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5. ARRAY

6.
Creates multiple copies of objects in a pattern. Use the Rectangular Array option
tocreate an array of rows and columns of copies of the selected object. Use the Polar
Array option to create an array by copying the selected objects around a center
point.
Command : Ar ↩
Menu : Modify > Array

The Array command can be started before or after objects are selected. If objects
are selected before the command is started, you will see a message just under the
select objects button that lists the number of objects selected. If no objects were
selected prior to issuing the Array command, you must select them using the Select
Objects button.

Selecting Objects in the Array Dialog Box

When you click the Select Objects button, the Array dialog box temporarily
closes. After you select objects, press .J and the dialog box will reappear. You
will see a message just under the Select Objects button listing the number of
objects selected.

7. MOVE

Move displaces a single object or a set of objects.

Command :M↩
Menu : Modify > Move

Shortcut menu: Select the objects to move, right-click in the drawing area, and
choose Move. Follow these prompts:
• Select objects: Select the objects to be moved and press ↩ when you
finish.
• Specify base point or displacement: Specify a base point.
• Specify second point of displacement: Spec) a point or press ↩

8. ROTATE

Rotate rotates an object or group of objects to a specified angle

Command : Ro ↩
Menu : Modify> Rotate

Follow these prompts:

 Select objects: Select the objects to be rotated and press ↩ when you finish
 Specify base point: Pick the point about which objects are to be rotated.
 Specify rotation angle or [Reference]: Enter the angle of rotation, or R.

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9. SCALE
Scale changes the size of objects in a drawing. You can also scale an object
by reference
Command : Sc ↩
Menu : Modify> Scale

Shortcut menu: Select the objects to scale, right-click in the drawing area, and
choose Scale.
Follow these prompts:
• Select objects: Select the objects to be scaled and press J when you
finish.
• Specify base point: Pick a point of reference for scaling.
• Specify scale factor or [Reference]: Enter the scale factor, move
the cursor tovisually select new scale, or enter R to select the
Reference option.

10. STRETCH

Stretch moves vertices of objects while maintaining the continuity of

connected lines.

Command :S↩
Menu : Modify> Stretch

Follow these prompts:

 Select objects to stretch by crossing window or crossing polygon...

 Select objects: Use the cpolygon option or the crossing object selection method
and press ↩ individually. Selected objects and objects that are completely
enclosed by the crossing selection are moved rather than stretched.
 Specify base point or displacement: Pick the base reference point for the stretch.
 Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as displacement>:
Pick the second point in relation to the base point, indicating the distance and
direction you want to stretch.

11. TRIM

Trim shortens an object to meet another object or objects. The objects may be
trimmed to the current UCS plane or along the current view.

Command : Tr ↩
Menu : Modify > Trim

Follow these prompts: Select cutting edges

 Select objects: Select one or more objects as cutting edge and press ↩
 Select the object’s edge to be trimmed with reference to the cutting edge.

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12. EXTEND
Extend lengthens an object to meet another object. Objects that can be
extended include area, elliptical arcs, lines, open poly lines, and rays. We
can extend objects to an impelled as well as to an actual boundary.

Command : Ex ↩
Menu : Modify > Extend

13. BREAK

Lines, arcs, circles, polylines, ellipses, splines, donuts, and several other object
types can be split into two objects or have one end removed.

Command : Br ↩
Menu : Modify> Break

To use Break, follow these steps at the prompts:

 Select object: (The point at which you select the object will be treated
as the first point of break)
 Specify second break point or [First point]: Pick second point of break,
or. F ↩ to specify first and second break points.

14. CHAMFER

A chamfer connects two objects with an angled line. It is usually used to

represent a beveled edge on a corner. We can chamfer lines, polylines, rays,
lines and 3D solids.

Command : Chamfer, Cha ↩

Menu : Modify> Chamfer

To use Chamfer, follow these prompts:

 (TRIM mode) Current chamfer Dist l current, Dist 2 current

Select first line or [Undo/Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trirm/ Method/multiple]:
Pick first line or enter an option.
 Select second line: Pick second line.

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15. FILLET

A fillet connects two objects with an arc that is tangent to the objects and
has a specified radius. We can fillet lines, polylines, rays, splines, xlines,
arcs, circles, ellipses andelliptical arcs and 3D solids

Command : Fillet, F ↩
Menu : Modify > Fillet

To use Fillet, follow these prompts:

 Current settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = current

 Select first object or [Undo/Polyline/Radius/Trim/Multiple]: Use an
objectselection method or enter an option.
 Select second object or shift-select to apply corner: Use an object
selectionmethod or hold down SHIFT and select an object to create
a sharp corner.

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PROCEDURES FOR STARTING A NEW DRAWING

1. NEW DRAWING

Start the AutoCAD program from the start and then AutoCAD shows a startup
window. We can start from a scratch file or a template file of specific settings.
It is very easy to start a drawing with reference of a template file (use acad.dwt
as default template file). We can start a new drawing from File menu> New also.

2. SETTING AutoCAD INITIAL SCREEN

The initial screen contains menu bar at the top, status bar at bottom, drawing
window, the command window and several tool bars. To display any tool bar that
missing in the window we can turn it ON by choosing Tool bars from the View
menu. From the Tools menu we can choose ‘Options’ to configure AutoCAD
utilities. We can customize the mouse, user interface and so many features fromthe
option window.

3. SETTING LIMITS

The command LIMITS helps to fix the drawing area we need. We can turn it
ON/OFF, and when it is in ON we cannot draw object outside the limit. The
Drawing Limits can access from Format menu.

Command : Limits
Menu : Format> Drawing Limits

4. SETTING UNITS AND PRECISION

The units and its precision can fix with option. The command UNITS or the
Format menu > Units will display a unit window. We can change the settings
that affect the whole drawing from any time.

Command: Units
Menu Format > Units

5. SETTING LINE TYPE

We can setup the line types that to be used in drawing. The command LTYPE
or the Format menu> Line Type will display a window with currently
available line types. We can load or remove the line types from this window.
The scale factors of line type affects globallyin the drawing. We cannot delete
the default three line types and those line types already usedin the drawing.

Command : Ltype

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Menu : Format > Line Type

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6. SETTING DIMENSION STYLE

We can setup the dimension styles that to be used in drawing. The command DIMSTYLE
or the Format menu > Dimension Style will display a window with currently available
Dimension style. We can load or modify the dimension style from this window. The basic
elements of a dimension object like dimension line, arrow head, extension lines, dimension
text, primary and secondary units can set through this procedure.

Command : Dimstyle
Menu : Format> Dimension Style

7. ZOOMING THE DRAWING WINDOW

The command Zoom or Z will helps us to view the drawing area in enlarged mode or
reduced mode. Generally the scroll wheel of the mouse is directly connected to the zooming
operation. We can view all the drawing area at a glance we can choose Zoom/All option.

Command : Zoom or Z Menu

: View > Zoom

The Zoom command will prompt:

Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or

[All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window/Object] <real time>: A

Start a drawing after setting all these factor

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NOMENCLATURE OF BOLT

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THREADED FASTENERS

● Fasteners are those devices which are used to hold two or more parts of a machine or a
structure
● The process of joining such parts by a fastener is called fastening
● Fasteners are classified into two
a. Temporary fastener
b. Permanent fastener

Temporary fasteners:
● Temporary fasteners are used to fasten two or more members. Here, it is possible to
separate the fastened parts without destructing the fastening elements
● Nuts and bolts, screws, keys, cotters, pins etc. are the examples of temporary fasteners.
Threaded fastener is a temporary fastener
● Temporary fasteners are very commonly used in joining machine parts and other engineering
elements
● Temporary fasteners are further classified as follows
1. Threaded fasteners and
2. Non-threaded fasteners
● A threaded fastener is a cylinder having a screw thread on one end and generally a head
on the other

Permanent fasteners:
● Permanent fasteners are used to fasten two or more members which need not be dismantled
● Here, it is not possible to separate the fastened parts without breaking the fastening element.
Riveting, welding, soldering etc., are the examples of permanent fastening.

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Nuts

● A hexagonal nut is shown in Figure. As the name indicates, this nut has six sides and
forms the shape of a regular hexagon
● To ensure safety to the users, the corners of the nuts are chamfered. For tightening or
loosening of a hexagonal nut, the spanner need only be turned through one-sixth of a turn
to bring it into the same position for inserting the spanner again
● A square nut is shown in Figure. As the name indicates, this nut has four sides and forms
the shape of a square. To ensure safety to the users, the corners of the nuts are chamfered.
For tightening or loosening of a square nut, the spanner is to be turned through one-fourth
of a turn to bring it into the same position for inserting the spanner again.

Bolts
● In the case of a hexagonal headed bolt, the head of the bolt will have the shape of a
hexagonal nut while for a square headed bolt, the head of the bolt will have the shape of a
square nut. The important terms associated with a hexagonal headed bolt is shown in figure.

Washers

● A washer is a circular piece of metal placed below the nut to provide a smooth bearing
surface when the seating of the nut is rough

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TYPES OF RIVET HEADS

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RIVETED JOINTS
❖ Rivets are short cylindrical pieces of ductile metal having a head at one end and slightly tapered
tail on the other end
❖ The portion of a rivet between the head and the tail, is called shank.
❖ Rivets are used to join permanently two or more pieces of sheet metal, plates to rolled sections,
rolled section to each other etc.
❖ The joint thus formed is called riveted joint. Riveting is a process of forming the rivet head
from the tail of the rivet placed in the rivet holes drilled in the plates to be fastened and is shown
in Figure
❖ The forming of this rivet head may be either by hand tools or machine
❖ In machine riveting, force is applied by means of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure
❖ To obtain a leak proof joint, the edges of the plates to be joined and the rivet heads are forced
together by caulking and fullering process
❖ Caulking tool has the shape of a chisel while the fullering tool has the same thickness as that
of the plates.

Proportions of Riveted Joints

The dimensions of a riveted joint depends upon the properties of the materials of the plate to be joined
and the rivet, load to which the joint is subjected to etc.. However, if the thickness of the plates to be
joined is known, the diameter of the rivet can be found by using Unwin's formula,

= 6 √◻
where,
d = Diameter of the rivet in mm t =
Thickness of the plate in mm.

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CLASSIFICATION OF RIVETED JOINTS

1. Depending upon the manner of placing the plates, riveted joints are divided into two types:
a) Lap joint

b) Butt joint.

2. Depending upon the number of rows of rivets in a Pa joint, riveted joints are divided into two
types:

a) Single riveted joint

b) Multiple riveted joint

i) Double riveted

ii) Triple or treble riveted

iii) Quadruple riveted etc.

3. Depending upon the arrangements of rivets in the adjacent rows, riveted joints are divided
into two types:

a) Chain riveted

b) Zig-zag riveted.

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SHOP FLOOR DRAWING

● Shop floor Drawing is a drawing of a part of a machine to be manufactured in a shop

● This drawing will furnish complete information necessary for manufacturing that part in a
particular shop
● The type of shop floor drawing depends upon the type of the shop in which the part is to be
manufactured

SURFACE TEXTURE

➢ Surface finish, also known as surface texture or surface topography, is the nature of a
surface as defined by the three characteristics of lay, surface roughness, and waviness
➢ It comprises the small, local deviations of a surface from the perfectly flat ideal (a true plane)

TERMINOLOGY OF SURFACE TEXTURE

❖ Roughness: Roughness consists of surface irregularities which result from the various
machining processes. These irregularities combine to form surface texture
❖ Roughness Height: It is the height of the irregularities with respect to a reference line. It is
measured in millimeters or microns or micro inches. It is also known as the height of
unevenness
❖ Roughness Width: The roughness width is the distance parallel to the nominal surface
between successive peaks or ridges which constitute the predominate pattern of the roughness. It
is measured in millimeters
❖ Roughness Width Cut Off: Roughness width cut off is the greatest spacing of respective
surface irregularities to be included in the measurement of the average roughness height. It should
always be greater than the roughness width in order to obtain the total roughness height rating
❖ Lay : Lay represents the direction of predominant surface pattern produced and it reflects the
machining operation used to produce it
❖ Waviness Height: Waviness height is the peak to valley distance of the surface profile,
measured in millimeters.

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Indication of Surface Texture

● The quality of surface texture is indicated by certain symbols on technical drawings
● The basic symbol consists of two legs of unequal length inclined at approximately 60 degrees
to the line representing the considered surface. The symbol must be represented by thin line
● If the removal of material by machining is required, a bar is added to the basic symbol,
● If the removal of material is not permitted, a circle is added to the basic symbol
● When special surface characteristics have to be indicated, a line is added to the longer arm
of any of the above symbols, Surface roughness can be indicated on a drawing by the following
methods.
1. By numerical values - Surface roughness values can be added to the symbols
2. By grade numbers
3. By Symbols

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GD & T

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GD & T SYMBOLS

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GD&T AND SURFACE FINISH

Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerance (GD&T or GD and T) is a language of symbols and standards designed
and used by engineers and manufacturers to describe a product and facilitate communication between entities
working together to manufacture the product

Using GD&T Tools in AutoCAD

AutoCAD allows you to add GD&T symbols to drawings using the TOLERANCE command. Accessing the
TOLERANCE command displays the Geometric Tolerance dialog box. This is the primary method for adding
feature control frames, geometric tolerance symbols, and datum feature symbols.

Access the TOLERANCE command to open the Geometric Tolerance dialog box, which provides options for
creating feature control frames. Areas divide the Geometric Tolerance dialog box into groups of compartments
that relate to the compartments found in a feature control frame. Each area contains two levels to define a
feature control frame

Geometric Tolerance dialog box to draw geometric dimensioning and

tolerance (GD&T) symbols and feature control frames

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The first, or upper, level allows you to create a single feature control frame. The lower level allows you to
create a double feature control frame. The dialog box also provides options for displaying a diameter symbol
and a modifying symbol. In addition, the Geometric Tolerance dialog box allows you to display a projected
tolerance zone symbol and value and create a datum identifier for a datum feature symbol.

Selecting a Geometric Characteristic Symbol

You can access geometric characteristic symbols from the Symbol area located at the far left of the Geometric
Tolerance dialog box. This area has two boxes that allow you to display one or two geometric characteristic
symbols. Pick one of the boxes in the Symbol area to display the Symbol dialog box. Pick a symbol to add the
symbol to the selected Symbol box. After selecting, the Geometric Tolerance dialog box returns. Pick the same
box again to select a different symbol if necessary. To remove a symbol, access the Symbol dialog box and
pick the blank image in the lower-right corner.

Use the Symbol dialog box to select a geometric characteristic symbol for use in a feature control
frame.

The Material Condition dialog box. Notice that the symbol for regardless of feature size (RFS)
is available. ASME Y14.5-2009 does not use this symbol, but you may need it when editing older
drawings

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The order of elements in a feature control frame

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The Geometric Tolerance dialog box with a diameter symbol, geometric tolerance value, and
maximum material condition (MMC) symbol added to the Tolerance 1 area

Using the QLEADER Command

Access the QLEADER command to place a leader and attach a feature control frame in one operation.
Dimension style settings control some of the leader line characteristics, such as the arrowhead size. The Settings
option of the QLEADER command controls other elements, such as the leader format and annotation style

When you enter the QLEADER command, use the Settings option to display the Leader Settings dialog box.
In the Annotation tab, pick the Tolerance radio button to display the Geometric Tolerance dialog box for
creation of a feature control frame with the leader line. Next, select the Leader Line & Arrow tab of the Leader
Settings dialog box. Pick the Straight radio button to create a leader with straight-line segments. When adding
a feature control frame to a leader line, you should set the maximum number of vertices in the Maximum text
box of the Number of Points area to 2. When you set the maximum number of leader points to 2, you select the
start and endpoints of the leader line. Then the QLEADER command stops drawing the leader, automatically
places the leader shoulder, and displays the Geometric Tolerance dialog box.

The Arrowhead area of the Leader Line & Arrow tab uses the default value assigned to leaders within the
current dimension style. To change the appearance of the arrowhead, pick the drop-down list and select a
terminator from the full range of choices. You can restrict the fi rst two segments of the leader line to certain
angles using options in the Angle Constraints area of the Leader Line & Arrow tab. The options for each
segment are Any angle, Horizontal, 90°, 45°, 30°, and 15°. The current Ortho mode setting in AutoCAD
overrides the angle constraints, so it is advisable to turn Ortho mode off while using this command. Pick the
OK button to exit the Leader Settings dialog box. When asked to specify the fi rst leader point, pick the location
where the arrowhead points. Then pick the end of the leader line. If the maximum number of leader points is
set to 2, the Geometric Tolerance dialog box displays. Otherwise, press [Enter] to end the leader line and display
the Geometric Tolerance dialog box. Specify the settings and values for the feature control frame, and pick the
OK button. The feature control frame connects to the leader line

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3D MODELING

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3D MODELING

Most of the popular and large CAD system has the ability to the model in 3dimension. The spatial image of
the object is drawn in a pictorial projection using X-Y-Z coordinate geometry of it’s stored in memory. It can
be recalled or redrawn in 3D pictorial projection or in any orthographic project ion .Representing the image
of the object in number of a 2D views. A wire frame representation is a 3D line drawing of an object showing
only the edges without any side ,surface in between the image of the object wire frame , as the name indicates
, as the appearance of the frame constructed by thin wire representing the edges, projected line and curves.

3D AUTO CAD COMMANDS

In Auto CAD , various solid modeling commands provide an easy method to generate three dimensional
models. Apart from crating basic solid such as box, con, cylinder, torus, wedge, and sphere etc . You can
additionally create solid from 2D object by extruding and revolving them more complex solids can be created
by adding and subtracting volumes.

BOX
The box commands enable you to create a 3D cube or cuboids.

Command: Specify first corner of cube or center and Specify other corner or [Cube/Length]: Specify height or
[2Point].

CYLINDER

Command: cylinder

Specify center point for base of cylinder or(elliptical): <0,0, and0> Specify center point for base of cylinder
or(diameter):

Specify height of cylinder or (center of other end)

SPHERE
This command enables you to create a 3D solid sphere with its central axis parallel to the Z axis of the
current UCS

Command: Specify center of shape and Specify radius or [Diameter] of sphere

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TORUS
This command enable to create a 3D donut shaped solid. Command: Torus Specify
centre of to torus and Specify radius of tours or [diameter]

UCS

While working in auto cad by default you are placed in world co-ordinate system UCS or user coordinate
system is used as a tool for creating and editing 3D drawing. It can also be described as customized or user
defined co-ordinate system to crate 3D object. using command you can change the orientation in which 2D
section are drawing and the direction they in which the objects are extruded.

SOLID MODELING

A surface model is made up to surfaces and it is more realistic model than a wire frame model for presentations.
But since it is lucking the information about the mass, it is not a true presentation of the actual object in the real
world . A solid model on the other hand is fully fledged presentation. Which consist of on opaque clothing of
an you can also perform mass property analysis on it. It is mathematically equalant representation of its physical
counterpart

The following method may be used to create solid model in AutoCAD

EXTRUDE

This command enables you to draw solid by extruding 2D object along a specified path. You can extrude
closed object such as circle, ellipse, polygon and closed poly line etc..

Not that intersection or unclosed cross section poly line that that self cross does not extrude. Command:
Extrude

Specify object :( select the object to extrude)

Specify height or extrusion or (path): enter value of height enter pat the prompt area if the path option
chosen select an object that describes the path)

Specify angle of taper for extrusion <0>: (enter value for tapering the extrude object if required)

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REVOLVE

Close object such as circle, ellipse, polygon and splines can be revolved about an axis to generate a solid.

Command: Revolve

Select object: (pick the object of revolve)

Specify start point for the axis of revolution or define axis by [object, x-axis/y-axis]
Enter a value to specify start point and end point of the axis: (type X or Y axis to specify x- axis or y-axis or
type to select an object as the axis of revolution)

SLICE

This command enable you to a new solid or a set of solid by slicing an existing solid with a plane and
removing a selected side. You may keep one or both side of the sliced solid. Command: slice

Specify first point of slicing plane [object/ z-axis/view/xy/yz/zx/3 point] < 3 point >: Specify a point or enter
an option if 3 options is used specify other two points to define the slicing plane.

Specify a point on the desired side of the plane (Enter or select an option)

LOFT
Creates a 3D solid or surface in the space between several cross sections.. Command:
LOFT
Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4, Closed profiles creation mode = Surface
Select cross sections in lofting order or [POint/Join multiple edges/MOde]: select object Select
cross sections in lofting order or [POint/Join multiple edges/MOde]: select object Select cross
sections in lofting order or [POint/Join multiple edges/MOde]: select o bject

Select cross sections in lofting order or [POint/Join multiple edges/MOde]: 3 cross sections selected Enter an

option [Guides/Path/Cross sections only/Settings] <Cross sections only>: press enter

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SWEEP
Creates a 3D surface by sweeping a 2D or 3D curve along a path.

Command: SWEEP
Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4, Closed profiles creation mode = Surface
Select objects to sweep or [MOde]: select object
Select objects to sweep or [MOde]: select path (line)
Select sweep path or [Alignment/Base
point/Scale/Twist]:

Solid Composites

UNION

1. Open a drawing with 3D objects and display in a 3D view

2. Choose Modify, Solids Editing, Union. Or
3. Type UNION at the command prompt

Command: UNION

Select objects: pick objects to union Select

objects: ENTER

SUBTRACT

1. Open a drawing with 3D objects and display in a 3D view

2. Choose Modify, Solids Editing, Subtract. Or
3. Type SUBTRACT at the command prompt

Command: SUBTRACT

SUBTRACT Select solids and regions to subtract from... Select objects: pick the main box Select

objects: (press enter)

Select solids and regions to subtract... Select objects: pick the other solids Select objects: enter

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INTERSECT
1. Choose Modify, Solids Editing, Intersect or
2. Type INTERSECT at the command prompt

Command: INTERSECT

Select objects: pick objects Select

objects: enter

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EXERCISES IN CADD
DRAWING

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HEXAGONAL HEADED BOLT

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DATE :
EXERCISE NO : 01
HEXAGONAL HEADED BOLT

AIM
Draw the three views of a hexagonal headed bolt of size M24. The length of the bolt is 80 mm and the thread
length is 54 mm. Indicate all dimensions on the drawing in terms of the diameter of the bolt

COMMANDS USED

Line, rectangle, circle, offset, fillet, copy, rotate, move, text, trim, hatch.etc

PROCEEDURE

1. Open Auto cad

2. Set the drawing limits by clicking FORMAT →DRAWING LIMITS from menu bar.
3. Then click on VIEW MENU → ZOOM → ZOOM → ALL to get enlarged view.
4. To get units & precision from the format menu by clicking FORMAT →UNITS.
5. Click on LINE (L) from the draw tool bar and drawn the horizontal & vertical lines
6. Click the TRIM (TR) command from the modify tool bar to remove the drawn line at required
point
7. Click on OFFSET (O) command from modify tool bar, enter the offset distance, press enter key
& select object
8. Click on FILLET (F) command from modify tool bar enter the value of radius & select object to
be joined
9. Select the RECTANGLE (REC) command from draw tool bar then pick first corner and enter
X&Y coordinates
10. Select CIRCLE (C) command from draw tool bar, then pick the centre point & enter the radius
11. Then by clicking COPY (CO), MOVE (M) & ROTATE (RO) commands from modify tool
bar at required places
12. Calculate the values of each phase by analyzing the data table required as per the question
13. Select dimension menu in suitable format & style to create dimension in the figure
14. The drawing have saved by clicking FILE → SAVE

RESULT

Hence the required 2D diagram of hexagonal headed bolt created using Auto CAD

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ASSEMBLY OF HEXAGONAL HEADED BOLT , NUT & WASHER

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DATE :
EXERCISE NO : 02

ASSEMBLY OF HEXAGONAL HEADED BOLT, NUT & WASHER

AIM

Two vertical metal plates, each 30 mm thick are bolted by means of a 20 mm diameter boll, a nut and a washer.
Show the sectional view of the assembly showing the plates in section and an end view looking from the nut side.
Assume that the bolt has a spherical end. Take, Length of the bolt = 90 mm ,
Length of the thread of the bolt = 40 mm. Also designate the bolt with nut as per standard.

COMMANDS USED

Line, rectangle, circle, offset, fillet, copy, rotate, move, text, trim, hatch.etc.

PROCEDURE

1. Open Auto cad

2. Set the drawing limits by clicking FORMAT →DRAWING LIMITS from menu bar.
3. Then click on VIEW MENU → ZOOM → ZOOM → ALL to get enlarged view
4. To get units & precision from the format menu by clicking FORMAT →UNITS.
5. Click on LINE (L) from the draw tool bar and drawn the horizontal & vertical lines.
6. Click the TRIM (TR) command from the modify tool bar to remove the drawn line at required
point
7. Click on OFFSET (O) command from modify tool bar, enter the offset distance, press enter key
& select object
8. Click on FILLET (F) command from modify tool bar enter the value of radius & select object to
be joined
9. Select the RECTANGLE (REC) command from draw tool bar then pick first corner and enter
X&Y coordinates
10. Select CIRCLE (C) command from draw tool bar, then pick the centre point & enter the radius
11. Then by clicking COPY (CO), MOVE (M) & ROTATE (RO) commands from modify tool
bar at required places
12. Calculate the values of each phase by analyzing the data table required as per the question
13. Select dimension menu in suitable format & style to create dimension in the figure
14. The drawing have saved by clicking FILE → SAVE

RESULT

Hence the required 2D diagram of Assembly of Hexagonal Headed Bolt, a Nut and a Washer created using Auto
CAD.

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RIVET HEADS

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DATE :
EXERCISE NO : 03

RIVET HEADS
AIM

Draw the general purpose rivet heads , take shank diameter of rivet is 24mm

COMMANDS USED

Line, rectangle, circle, offset, fillet, copy, rotate, move, text, trim, hatch.etc

PROCEDURE

1. Open Auto cad

2. Set the drawing limits by clicking FORMAT →DRAWING LIMITS from menu bar.
3. Then click on VIEW MENU → ZOOM → ZOOM → ALL to get enlarged view
4. To get units & precision from the format menu by clicking FORMAT →UNITS.
5. Click on LINE (L) from the draw tool bar and drawn the horizontal & vertical lines.
6. Click the TRIM (TR) command from the modify tool bar to remove the drawn line at required
point
7. Click on OFFSET (O) command from modify tool bar, enter the offset distance, press enter key
& select object
8. Click on FILLET (F) command from modify tool bar enter the value of radius & select object to
be joined
9. Select the RECTANGLE (REC) command from draw tool bar then pick first corner and enter
X&Y coordinates
10. Select CIRCLE (C) command from draw tool bar, then pick the centre point & enter the radius
11. Then by clicking COPY (CO), MOVE (M) & ROTATE (RO) commands from modify tool
bar at required places
12. Calculate the values of each phase by analyzing the data table required as per the question
13. Select dimension menu in suitable format & style to create dimension in the figure
14. The drawing have saved by clicking FILE → SAVE

RESULT

Hence the required 2D diagram of Rivet heads used for general purposes are created using Auto CAD

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SINGLE RIVETED SINGLE STRAP BUTT JOINT

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DATE :
EXERCISE NO : 04

SINGLE RIVETED SINGLE STRAP BUTT JOINT

AIM

Draw two views of a single riveted single strap butt joint. Take thickness of the plates as 10mm.
Mark the proportions in the drawing

COMMANDS USED

Line, rectangle, circle, offset, fillet, copy, rotate, move, text, trim, hatch.etc.

PROCEDURE

1. Open Auto cad

2. Set the drawing limits by clicking FORMAT →DRAWING LIMITS from menu bar
3. Then click on VIEW MENU → ZOOM → ZOOM → ALL to get enlarged view
4. To get units & precision from the format menu by clicking FORMAT →UNITS
5. Click on LINE (L) from the draw tool bar and drawn the horizontal & vertical lines
6. Click the TRIM (TR) command from the modify tool bar to remove the drawn line at required
point
7. Click on OFFSET (O) command from modify tool bar, enter the offset distance, press enter key
& select object
8. Click on FILLET (F) command from modify tool bar enter the value of radius & select object to
be joined
9. Select the RECTANGLE (REC) command from draw tool bar then pick first corner and enter
X&Y coordinates
10. Select CIRCLE (C) command from draw tool bar, then pick the centre point & enter the radius
11. Then by clicking COPY (CO), MOVE (M) & ROTATE (RO) commands from modify tool
bar at required places
12. Calculate the values of each phase by analyzing the data table required as per the question
13. Select dimension menu in suitable format & style to create dimension in the figure
14. The drawing have saved by clicking FILE → SAVE

RESULT

Hence the required 2D diagram of single riveted single strap butt joint created using Auto CAD

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SINGLE RIVETED DOUBLE STRAP BUTT JOINT

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DATE :
EXERCISE NO : 05

SINGLE RIVETED DOUBLE STRAP BUTT JOINT

AIM

Draw two views of a single riveted double strap butt joint. Take thickness of the plates as 10mm. Mark
the proportions in the drawing

COMMANDS USED

Line, rectangle, circle, offset, fillet, copy, rotate, move, text, trim, hatch.etc.

PROCEDURE

1. Open Auto cad

2. Set the drawing limits by clicking FORMAT →DRAWING LIMITS from menu bar
3. Then click on VIEW MENU → ZOOM → ZOOM → ALL to get enlarged view
4. To get units & precision from the format menu by clicking FORMAT →UNITS
5. Click on LINE (L) from the draw tool bar and drawn the horizontal & vertical lines
6. Click the TRIM (TR) command from the modify tool bar to remove the drawn line at required
point
7. Click on OFFSET (O) command from modify tool bar, enter the offset distance, press enter key
& select object
8. Click on FILLET (F) command from modify tool bar enter the value of radius & select object to
be joined
9. Select the RECTANGLE (REC) command from draw tool bar then pick first corner and enter
X&Y coordinates
10. Select CIRCLE (C) command from draw tool bar, then pick the centre point & enter the radius
11. Then by clicking COPY (CO), MOVE (M) & ROTATE (RO) commands from modify tool
bar at required places
12. Calculate the values of each phase by analyzing the data table required as per the question
13. Select dimension menu in suitable format & style to create dimension in the figure
14. The drawing have saved by clicking FILE → SAVE

RESULT
Hence the required 2D diagram of single riveted double strap butt joint created using Auto CAD

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DATE :
EXERCISE NO : 06

SHAFT SUPPORT

AIM

To create 3D isometric view of Shaft support using Auto CAD

COMMANDS USED

Line, rectangle, circle, offset, fillet, copy, rotate, move, text, trim, poly line, extrude etc.

PROCEDURE

1. Open Auto cad

2. Set the drawing limits by clicking FORMAT →DRAWING LIMITS from menu bar
3. Then click on VIEW MENU → ZOOM → ZOOM → ALL to get enlarged view
4. Prepared the line diagram of drawing as per dimension by using various drawing commands
such as Line, Rectangle, and Circle etc
5. Extrude the sketch to desired dimension as per drawing
6. Modify the 3D object by using appropriate modifying commands such as union, subtract,
revolve etc
7. Move the solids as required position & get the 3D model of the object
8. Check the various representation of the 3D object
9. Select dimension menu in suitable format & style to create dimension in the figure
10. The drawing have saved by clicking FILE → SAVE

RESULT

Hence the required 3D isometric view of Shaft support created using Auto CAD

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DATE :
EXERCISE NO : 07

BRACKET
AIM

To create 3D isometric view of End Bracket using Auto CAD

COMMANDS USED

Line, rectangle, circle, offset, fillet, copy, rotate, move, text, trim, poly line, extrude etc.

PROCEEDURE

1. Open Auto cad

2. Set the drawing limits by clicking FORMAT →DRAWING LIMITS from menu bar

3. Then click on VIEW MENU → ZOOM → ZOOM → ALL to get enlarged view

4. Prepared the line diagram of drawing as per dimension by using various drawing commands
such as Line, Rectangle, and Circle etc

5. Extrude the sketch to desired dimension as per drawing

6. Modify the 3D object by using appropriate modifying commands such as union, subtract,
revolve etc

7. Move the solids as required position & get the 3D model of the object

8. Check the various representation of the 3D object

9. Select dimension menu in suitable format & style to create dimension in the figure

10. The drawing have saved by clicking FILE → SAVE

RESULT

Hence the required 3D isometric view of End Bracket created using Auto CAD

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SOCKET AND SPIGOT JOINT

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DATE :
EXERCISE NO : 08

SOCKET AND SPIGOT JOINT

AIM

An isometric view of a Socket and spigot joint is shown in Figure. Draw a top half sectional elevation and an end
view from left on the right hand side of the elevation. End view need not be dimensioned

COMMANDS USED

Line, rectangle, circle, offset, fillet, copy, rotate, move, text, trim, hatch.etc.

PROCEDURE

1. Open Auto cad

2. Set the drawing limits by clicking FORMAT →DRAWING LIMITS from menu bar
3. Then click on VIEW MENU → ZOOM → ZOOM → ALL to get enlarged view
4. To get units & precision from the format menu by clicking FORMAT →UNITS
5. Click on LINE (L) from the draw tool bar and drawn the horizontal & vertical lines
6. Click the TRIM (TR) command from the modify tool bar to remove the drawn line at required
point
7. Click on OFFSET (O) command from modify tool bar, enter the offset distance, press enter key
& select object
8. Click on FILLET (F) command from modify tool bar enter the value of radius & select object to
be joined
9. Select the RECTANGLE (REC) command from draw tool bar then pick first corner and enter
X&Y coordinates
10. Select CIRCLE (C) command from draw tool bar, then pick the centre point & enter the radius
11. Then by clicking COPY (CO), MOVE (M) & ROTATE (RO) commands from modify tool
bar at required places
12. Calculate the values of each phase by analyzing the data table required as per the question
13. Select dimension menu in suitable format & style to create dimension in the figure
14. The drawing have saved by clicking FILE → SAVE

RESULT
Hence the required 2D diagram of Socket and spigot joint created using Auto CAD

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KNUCKLE JOINT

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DATE :
EXERCISE NO : 09

KNUCKLE JOINT
AIM

An isometric view of a Knuckle joint is shown in Figure. Draw the following views.
1. Elevation, top half in section
2. Plan, bottom half in section and
3. End view, looking from left side.
Indicate all dimensions as per standards in the elevation only

COMMANDS USED

Line, rectangle, circle, offset, fillet, copy, rotate, move, text, trim, hatch.etc.

PROCEDURE

1. Open Auto cad

2. Set the drawing limits by clicking FORMAT →DRAWING LIMITS from menu bar
3. Then click on VIEW MENU → ZOOM → ZOOM → ALL to get enlarged view
4. To get units & precision from the format menu by clicking FORMAT →UNITS
5. Click on LINE (L) from the draw tool bar and drawn the horizontal & vertical lines
6. Click the TRIM (TR) command from the modify tool bar to remove the drawn line at required
point
7. Click on OFFSET (O) command from modify tool bar, enter the offset distance, press enter key
& select object
8. Click on FILLET (F) command from modify tool bar enter the value of radius & select object to
be joined
9. Select the RECTANGLE (REC) command from draw tool bar then pick first corner and enter
X&Y coordinates
10. Select CIRCLE (C) command from draw tool bar, then pick the centre point & enter the radius
11. Then by clicking COPY (CO), MOVE (M) & ROTATE (RO) commands from modify tool
bar at required places
12. Calculate the values of each phase by analyzing the data table required as per the question
13. Select dimension menu in suitable format & style to create dimension in the figure
14. The drawing have saved by clicking FILE → SAVE

RESULT
Hence the required 2D diagram of Knuckle joint created using Auto CAD

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Department Of Mechanical Engineering Page 53

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DATE :
EXERCISE NO : 10

FLANGED COUPLING
AIM

An isometric view of a FLANGED COUPLING is shown in Figure. Draw the following views.
4. Elevation, top half in section
5. Plan, bottom half in section and
6. End view, looking from left side.
Indicate all dimensions as per standards in the elevation only

COMMANDS USED

Line, rectangle, circle, offset, fillet, copy, rotate, move, text, trim, hatch.etc.

PROCEDURE

15. Open Auto cad

16. Set the drawing limits by clicking FORMAT →DRAWING LIMITS from menu bar
17. Then click on VIEW MENU → ZOOM → ZOOM → ALL to get enlarged view
18. To get units & precision from the format menu by clicking FORMAT →UNITS
19. Click on LINE (L) from the draw tool bar and drawn the horizontal & vertical lines
20. Click the TRIM (TR) command from the modify tool bar to remove the drawn line at required
point
21. Click on OFFSET (O) command from modify tool bar, enter the offset distance, press enter key
& select object
22. Click on FILLET (F) command from modify tool bar enter the value of radius & select object to
be joined
23. Select the RECTANGLE (REC) command from draw tool bar then pick first corner and enter
X&Y coordinates
24. Select CIRCLE (C) command from draw tool bar, then pick the centre point & enter the radius
25. Then by clicking COPY (CO), MOVE (M) & ROTATE (RO) commands from modify tool
bar at required places
26. Calculate the values of each phase by analyzing the data table required as per the question
27. Select dimension menu in suitable format & style to create dimension in the figure
28. The drawing have saved by clicking FILE → SAVE

RESULT
Hence the required 2D diagram of Knuckle joint created using Auto CAD

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 Advanced CADD lab ( 3029 )

C - CLAMP

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C - CLAMP

DATE :
EXERCISE NO : 11

AIM Prepare a production drawing of given C-Clamp

COMMANDS USED

Line, rectangle, circle, offset, fillet, copy, rotate, move, text, trim, hatch.etc.

PROCEDURE

15. Open Auto cad

16. Set the drawing limits by clicking FORMAT →DRAWING LIMITS from menu bar
17. Then click on VIEW MENU → ZOOM → ZOOM → ALL to get enlarged view
18. To get units & precision from the format menu by clicking FORMAT →UNITS
19. Click on LINE (L) from the draw tool bar and drawn the horizontal & vertical lines
20. Click the TRIM (TR) command from the modify tool bar to remove the drawn line at required
point
21. Click on OFFSET (O) command from modify tool bar, enter the offset distance, press enter key
& select object
22. Click on FILLET (F) command from modify tool bar enter the value of radius & select object to
be joined
23. Select the RECTANGLE (REC) command from draw tool bar then pick first corner and enter
X&Y coordinates
24. Select CIRCLE (C) command from draw tool bar, then pick the centre point & enter the radius
25. Then by clicking COPY (CO), MOVE (M) & ROTATE (RO) commands from modify tool
bar at required places
26. Calculate the values of each phase by analyzing the data table required as per the question
27. Select dimension menu in suitable format & style to create dimension in the figure
28. The drawing have saved by clicking FILE → SAVE

RESULT
Hence the required 2D diagram of Knuckle joint created using Auto CAD

Department Of Mechanical Engineering Page 56

 Advanced CADD lab ( 3029 )

Department Of Mechanical Engineering Page 57

 Advanced CADD lab ( 3029 )

Department Of Mechanical Engineering Page 58

 Advanced CADD lab ( 3029 )

SLIP BUSH

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DATE :
EXERCISE NO : 12 SLIP BUSH

AIM- A Slip bush shown in Figure is to be manufactured. Prepare a production

drawing incorporating the following requirements

● Finish the inside (Φ30) and outside (Φ42) cylindrical surfaces to a roughness value of 0.8 μm.
All the remaining surfaces are supposed to have a roughness value of 6.3μm
● The inside diameter of the bush should have an upper and lower deviations of +0.028 mm and
+0.015 mm respectively while the outside diameter has a tolerance of h 6
● Outside diameter of the bush should have a concentricity tolerance of 0.02mm with the axis of
the cylindrical hole of Φ30 ( Redraw the given figure and indicate all the above information on
the drawing symbolically as per B. I. S )

COMMANDS USED

Line, rectangle, circle, offset, fillet, copy, rotate, move, text, trim, hatch, Tolerance etc.

PROCEDURE

1. Open Auto cad

2. Set the drawing limits by clicking FORMAT →DRAWING LIMITS from menu bar
3. Then click on VIEW MENU → ZOOM → ZOOM → ALL to get enlarged view
4. To get units & precision from the format menu by clicking FORMAT →UNITS
5. Prepared the line diagram of drawing as per dimension by using various drawing commands
such as Line, Rectangle, and Circle etc
6. Select OFFSET (O) and FILLET (F) commands from modify tool bar, enter the offset
distance, press enter key & select object and enter the value of radius & select object to be joined
of fillet
7. Calculate the values of each phase by analyzing the data table required as per the question
8. Access the TOLERANCE command to open the Geometric Tolerance dialog box, which
provides options for creating feature control frames
9. You can access geometric characteristic symbols from the Symbol area located at the far left of
the Geometric Tolerance dialog box
10. Use the Symbol dialog box to select a geometric characteristic symbol for use
11. Select dimension menu in suitable format & style to create dimension in the figure
12. The drawing have saved by clicking FILE → SAVE.

RESULT

Hence the required 2D diagram of Slip bush created using Auto CAD

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SLEEVE

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DATE :
EXERCISE NO : 13

SLEEVE
AIM
Sectional elevation of a Sleeve is shown in Figure. The surfaces to be tolerance symbolically are represented
by 1, 2, 3 and 4. Prepare a shop floor drawing incorporating the following requirements:
1. Surface 1 should not have a radial run out greater than 0.008 mm with respect to the axis of the
sleeve. Also, the surface should be contained between two parallel planes 0.008 mm apart
2. Surfaces 1 and 2 should be parallel to each other with a parallelism tolerance of 0.004 mm
3. Surface 3 should have a geometrical circularity and cylindricity tolerances within 0.003 mm each
4. Surface 4 has radial run out limited to 0.008 mm with respect to the axis, circularity tolerance
limited to 0.003mm and a cylindricity tolerance of 0.003mm

COMMANDS USED

Line, rectangle, circle, offset, fillet, copy, rotate, move, text, trim, hatch, Tolerance etc.

PROCEDURE

1. Open Auto cad

2. Set the drawing limits by clicking FORMAT →DRAWING LIMITS from menu bar
3. Then click on VIEW MENU → ZOOM → ZOOM → ALL to get enlarged view
4. Prepared the line diagram of drawing as per dimension by using various drawing commands
such as Line, Rectangle, and Circle etc
5. Select OFFSET (O) and FILLET (F) commands from modify tool bar, enter the offset distance,
press enter key & select object and enter the value of radius & select object to be joined of fillet
6. Calculate the values of each phase by analyzing the data table required as per the question
7. Access the TOLERANCE command to open the Geometric Tolerance dialog box, which
provides options for creating feature control frames
8. You can access geometric characteristic symbols from the Symbol area located at the far left of
the Geometric Tolerance dialog box
9. Use the Symbol dialog box to select a geometric characteristic symbol for use
10. Select dimension menu in suitable format & style to create dimension in the figure
11. The drawing have saved by clicking FILE → SAVE

RESULT

Hence the required 2D diagram of Sleeve created using Auto CAD

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MICELLANOUS DRAWINGS

M.D 09

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M.D 10

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.
M D 14

M.D 15

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M.D 16

M.D 17

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M.D 18

M.D 19

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M.D 20

M.D 21

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M.D 22

M.D 23

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M.D 24

M.D 25

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M.D 26 & M.D 27

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M.D 28 & M.D 29

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MISCELLANOUS DRAWINGS

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M.D 05

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M.D 06
MISCELLANOUS DRAWINGS

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M.D 01

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M.D 02

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M.D 03

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