UNIT V

APPLICATIONS DEVELOPMENT 5.1- 5.29

5.1. Complete Design Process of Embedded Systems 5.1

5.2. Development of Io'T Applications. 5.7

C.6 Embedded Systems and loT

5.3. Home Automation ....5.8

5.4. Smart Agriculture ... 5.11
5.5. Smart Cities ...5.12
5.6. Smart Healthcare ...5.14
Case Study 1..... .. 5.15
Case Study 2.... ... 5.18
Case Study 3.... ... 5.21
Case Study 4... 5.25
Two Marks Questions with Answers. 5.26

Review Questions..... 5.28

Model Question Papers... MQ.1 -MQ.6
 UNIT V
APPLICATIONSDEVELOPMENT
Embedded System
An embedded system is a combination of computer hardware and software
designed for a specific function.
Eg:
1. Washing machine
2. Microwave ovens
3. Wrist watches
4. Digital cameras etc.,

5.1. COMPLETE DESIGN PROCESS OFEMBEDDED SYSTEMS

The embedded system design process gives us an introduction to the various steps
in embedded system design and to consider the design methodology.
Types of Embedded System Design Process
There are two approaches to design an embedded system.
1. Top-down design process
2. Bottom-up design process
Top-down Design Process:
In top-down design process, the design process start with the system
requirements.
The next step, specification create a more detailed description of what ve want.
Specification states only how the system behaves, not how it is built
The systems internals begin with selection of components, once we know the
components we need, we can design those components to build a complete system.
5.2 Enbedded Systems and loT
Applications Development
Bottom-up Design Process 5.3

Ihe Alternative method is a bottom-up view in which the design process stat
Consumers of embedded systems are usually not
with components to builda system. designers or even product designers. themselves embedded system
Bottom-up design is needed because the design do not h¡ve perfect insight into Their understanding of the system is based on how they
how later stages of the design process will turn out. interactions with the system. envision users
In general, the less experience we have with the design of similar systems, the Requirements may be functional or non functional. Typical non functional
more designer will have to rely on bottom-up deign information to help us refine the requirements include,
system. 1. Performance - The speed of the system is
often a major consideration
Bottom-up design steps are shown in the figure as dashed-line arrows. both for the usability of the system and for its
ultimate cost.
2. Cost - The target cost or purchase price for
Requirements the system is almost always a
consideration.
3. Physical size and weight The physical aspects of the final system can
Sepcification vary greatly depending upon the application.
Top- down 4 Power Consumption - Power, of course, is important in battery powered
design Bottom - up
design systems and is often important in other applications as well.
Architecture
Requirements analysis for big systems can be complex and time consuming. A
sample requirements form that can be filled out at the start of the project.
Components
Designers generally can use the form as a checklist in considering the basic
characteristics of the system.
System
Integration
Fig. 5.1. Embedded System Name:
Design Process
We also need to consider the Purpose:
major goals of the design,
1. Manufacturing cost Inputs:
2. Performance (Both Outputs:
overall speed and deadlines)
3. Povwer consumption. Functions:
1. Requirements: Performance:

Clearly, before designing a system, we must Manufacturing cost:

The designer know what the design of the
generally gather an informal description system. Power:
requirements, and refine the requirements into from thethatcustomers known as Physical size and weight:
specification contains enough
information to begin designing the system architecture. Fig. 5.2. sample requirement form
 Embedded Systems and loT
5.4 Applications Development
A specification of the GPS
Example: GPS moving map Requirement Form system would inchude several
Data received from the GPS components,
Name : GPS moving map satellite constellation
2. Map data
Purpose: Consumer grade moving map for
3. User interface
driving use
4. Operations that must be performed to satisfy customer requests
Inputs: Power button, two control buttons
S. Background actions required to keep the system running.
Outputs: Bact-lit LCD display 400 x 600 3. Architecture Design:
Functions: Uses five-receiver GPS systems, three The specitication does not say how the system does things, only what the system
user selectable resolutions, always does.

displays current latitude and longitude Describing how the system implements those functions is the purpose of the
Architecture.
Performance: Updates screen within 0.25 s upon
movement The Architecture is a plan for the overall structure of the system that will be used
later to design the components that make up the architecture.
Manufacturing cost: S40
Example: Architecture for the moving map
Power: 100 mw

Physical size and weight: No more than 2 x6,12 ounces

2. Specification: GPS Search
Receiver Engine Renderer Display
The specification is more precise-it serves as the contract between the customer
and the architects.
As such, the specification must be Data User
carefully written so that it accurately reflects base Interface
the customer's requirements and does so in a
way that can be clearly followed during
design. Fig. $.3. Architecture Design of moving map
The specification should be
that it meets system understandable enough so that someone can verify This block diagranm shows major operations and data flows among them, It is still
requirements and overall expectations of the customer. abstract, we have not yet specified which operations will be performed by softvare,
Designs can run into several different types of problems caused by
specifications. unclear what will be done by special purpose hardware, and so on.
If the behaviour of some feature in a The system block diagram has two block diagranms.
specification, the designer may implement theparticular
wrong
situation is unclear from the 1. Hardware Block diagram
functionality. 2. Software Block diagram.
5.6 Embedded Systems and loT Applications Development
5.7
Hardware: Thecomponents will be in
onand general include hoth hardware-
software modules. FPGAs, boards, and so
Some of the components will be
Frame
Buffer
CPU ready-made. The CPU, for example, will be a
standard component in almost all cases. We can also make use of
modules. standard software
Display GPS Receiver Using standard software for these access
functions not only saves us design time,
but it may also give us a faster
Memory implementatíon for specialized functions such as the
data decompression phase.
Panel I/O
5. System Integration:
The hardware and software components are built together to form a
working
Bus system.

Fig. 5.4. Hardware Architectures for the moving map Bugs are typically found during system integration, and good planning can help us
Software: find the bugs quickly.
System integration is difficult because it usually uncovers problems.
Database Only by fixing the simple bugs early will we able to uncover the more complex or
Search Renderer Pixels
obscure bugs that can be identified only by giving the system a hard workout.
Careful attention to inserting appropriate debugging facilities during design can
help ease system integration problems, but the nature of embedded computing means
that this phase will always be a challenge.
Position User
Interface Timer
5.2. DEVELOPMENT OF loT APPLICATIONS
Fig. 5.5. Software Architectures for the moving map
IoT devices operate at lower energy levels, provide more computing and storage,
Architecture descriptions must be designed to satisfy both functional and non and they are cheaper.
functional requirements. devices to
Advancement in wireless communications have also allowed these
Not only must all the required functions be other and with traditional
present, but also we must meet cost, communicate much more effectively with each
speed, power and other non-functional constraints. advancement is an explosion of
communication systems. The result of these recent
4, Components- Designing Hardware and
Software Components: devices, systems and applications.
may also
The architectural description tells
us what components are needed. The input devices: tags, sensors, etc. It
An IoT system always includes controllers, displavs. ete
component design effort builds those components in conformance to the controllers, electronic
architecture include output devices: motor
and specification.
13
 5.8|
Embedded Systemns and loT Applications Development
5.9
This system can provide three types of
The devices can be a combination of data processing devices (displays, buttons) outputs:
and cyber-physical devices (temperature, sensors, cameras. 1. Reports of the activities
loT systems can be used for several different purposes, 2 Alert for out of the ordinary activity
3.
1. Home Automation Recommendations to the residents.
2. Smart Agriculture Above diagram shows the layout of a smart home with several cameras and other
3. Smart cities types of sensors.
4. Smart Healthcare. Cameras used to monitor common areas, other sensors used to track the activities.
I. Door sensors: It tells when someone has passed through a door, but does
5.3. HOME AUTOMATION
not give the persons identity.
A smart home is a house equipped with sensors and other devices that monitor 2. Sensors on water faucets: It tells someone is using a bathroom or kitchen
sink.
activity and help run the house.
3. Electrical outlet sensors: It tells when someone is suing electrical
Asmart home provides several types of services, includes,
appliances.
1. Monitoring activities of residents Appliances like lights can be turned on and off, heaters and air conditioners can be
2 Water and energy management for efficient use of resource managed, sprinklers can be turned on and off etc.
3. Automatic or remote operations of lights and appliances. Resident
Door Hall Bathroom TV
Monitor Camera Tap

bedroom
Camera
Dining/
living rOom
Door A Camera
sensor

Faucet Bath
sensor
Kitchen
Faucet
sensor
Fig. 5.7. Tracking residents activity
Shown
Fig. 5.6.
IoTNetwork in a smart home to monitor a residents' activity.
Above figure shows how sensors used through the hallway to the
Smart homes are particularly helpful to bedroom, walks
senior citizens or people with special scenario is. Resident leaves his / her turns on the TV
needs. The smart home can analyze daily tasks and provide moves to the living room, and
summaries of the bathroom. uses the sink, then identify person using
residents activity to loved ones or Health-care professionals. Using sensor data, we these actions. Camera can
Sensors can be used to monitor
can extract events and patterns. Also one can feel luxury at home. algorithms.
suitable computer vision
5.10 Embedded Systems and loT Applications Development
5.11|
These kind of loT
Resident Console
Door
Monitor
Light systems leverage low-cost, network enabled devices to build
sophisticated networks.

5.4. SMART AGRICULTURE

Applications of loT for Agriculture,

1. Smart Irigation
2. Green House Control

Fig. 5.8. Light ON/OFF activation Smart Irrigation:

uses loT
Above diagram explains about the resident uses the console to set up two specific Smart Irrigation Systems used to improve crop yields by saving wate.
conditions in which the light should be ON/ OFF. devices with soil moisture sensors.
Soil moisture sensor, determine the amount of moisture in the soil. loT devices
1 Whenever anyone goes through thee residents doorway
2. At specified tíme uses the value and release the flow of water through the irrigation pipes only when
When the resident later goes through the doorway, causing the light to turn ON nd the moisture levels go below a predefined threshold.
OFF after a specified time automatically. Also collect moisture level measurements on a cloud or on a server, where
the

We can draw a object diagram to represent a smart home where sensors and hubs collected data can be analyzed to plan watering schedules.
form a network.
Green House Control:
and help in improving
loT systems play an important role in green house control
Sensor Console

productivity.
roofs that provide best
Hub Timewheel Database Green houses are structures with glass or plastic
environment for growth of plants.
green house can be monitored and
Actuator Event queue The climatological conditions inside a
of plants.
controlled to provide the best conditions for growth
levels are
moisture, light and carbon dioxide
The temperatures, humidity, soil cloud.
centralized servers or in the
Event monitored using sensors and stored on
automatically using
Fig. 5.9. UML Ohject diagram It analyse the values and
control the climatological conditions
controlling fans.
releasing water and _witches for
The console is the main user interface. Sensor readings and events actuation devices such as valves for
are initially control the agricultural
sensor network to monitor and
processed by a timewheel and long term analysis are passedto a database. The system uses wireless better maintenance of
temperature and humidity in real time for
The database can reside in the cloud and allow access to a parameters like
variety of analysis
algorithms. agricultural production.
 Embedded Systems and Ior Applications Development
5.12 5.13
Smart roads quipped with sensors can
5.5. SMART CITIES providing information on dnving
conditions, travel timeestimates and alerts in case of p0or driving
The following are few applications of loT for smart cities. congestions and accidents. conditions, trairne
1 Smart Parking Information sensed by the sensors from the roads can be communicated via
2. Smart Lighting internet to cloud base application. Drivers those who subscribe such applications get
3 Smart Roads
the infomation.
4. Structural Health Monitoring Structural Health Monitoring:
Surveillance Sensors are used to monitor the vibration levels in the structures such as bridges
6. Emergency Response and buildings. The data collected from these sensors is analyzed to assess the health
of structures.
Smart Parking:
It is possible to detect cracks and mechanical breakdowns, locate the damages to a
In crowded cities, finding a parking space during rush hours can be time
consuming and frustrating. structure and also calculate the remaining life of the structure.
When the drivers searching for spaces create additional traffic congestion. Using Structural Health Monitoring, advancing warnings can be given in the case
of imminent failure of the structure.
Smart parking powered by loT systems that detect the number of empty parking
slot using sensors connected in each parking slot. Surveillance:
This information send over the internet to smart parking application back ends. Surveillance of infrastructure, public transport and events in cities is required to
It makes the search for parking space easier and convenient for drivers. ensure safety and security.
Advancement in this system provides parking reservation, dynamic pricing City wide surveillance infrastructure comprising of large number of distributed
schemes and parking availability monitoring. and internet connected video surveillance cameras can be created.
cloud-based
Smart Lighting The video feeds from surveillance cameras can be aggregated in
"scalable storage solutions.
Smart Lighting allows lighting to be dynamically controlled and also
the ambient conditions. adaptive to Emergency Response:
intrastructure in cities such as
Smart Lighting systems for roads, parks and buildings can IoT systems can be used for monitoring the critical
help in saving energy. substations.
Lights connected to the Internet can be controlled buildings, gas and water pipelines, public transport and power
remotely to configure lighting leakage detection can help in
schedules and lighting intensity. IoT systems for fire detection, gas and water infrastructure.
their etfects on the critical
Custom lighting configurations can be set for different generating alerts and minimizing
situations such as a foggy infomation collected from large number of
day, a festival, etc., It enables aggregation and sharing of
Smart Roads Sensors.
re-routing of
generated und sent to the public
Smart roads can provide drivers and passengers with a By analyzing data, alerts can be etc.
affected areas
situation afew hundred meters ahead of them or a few consistent view of the road traffic, evacuations of the
miles away.
5.14) Embedded Systems and Ior
Applications Development
5.6. SMART HEALTHCARE 5.15
CASE STUDY 1
Applications of loT in Healthcare are, Home Automation using loT- Smart
1. Health and Fitness Monitoring 2. Wearable Electronics The loT is a system that allows
Lighting in Home
Health and Fitness Monitoring: devices to be connected and remotely
across the Internet. monitored
IoT devices plays an important role in Healthcare. A wireless home automation network composed of
Wearable IoT devices that allow non-invasive and continuous monitoring of share sensors and actuators that
resources and are interconnected to each other.
physiological parameters can help in continuous health and fitness monitoring. The purpose of the home automation system is to control the
Wearable devices can be in various forms such as belts, wrist band and watches. It home appliance like
forms a type of wireless sensor networks called body area network in which the
light, fan etc remotely using web application.
measurements from a number of wearable device are sent to master node (may be Dashboard
smart phone).
Data sent to server or cloud based back end for Auto ON OFF
analyzing.
Commonly used body sensors are, Light ON OFF

1. Body temperature
2 Heart rate Fig. 5.10. Home automation web application screen
3. Pulse oximeter oxygen saturation (SPO,) Local Cloud
4 Blood pressure APP
5. Electrocardiogram (ECG) Rest
6. Electroencephalogram (EEG) Communication
Controller Rest
Wristbands are wearable device that tracks steps, distance and calories. Service Service

during the day and sleep quality at night. burned

Wearable Electronics Resources

Wearable electronics such as wearable gadgets (smart

wireless bands), fashion electronics (Google glass) providewatches, smart glasses, Devices
features to assist us in our daily activities and making us various functions and
lead healthy life styles. Database
With smart watches, the users can search the
internet, play audio/video files, make
calls, play games and use various kinds of mobile
applications.
Smart glasses allows users to take photos and record Monitory Node Cloud Storage
check flight status, and search the internet by using videos, get map directions, lighting using loT
voice commands. Fie. 5.11. Deployment Design at Home automation smart
Smart shoes monitor the walking or running mode. In auto mode the system
measures
speeds and jumps with the help of The system includes auto and manual when it gets dark
embedded sensors and be paired with smart phones to LDR and switch on the light
visualize the data. the light intensity in a room using
 Embedded Systems and loT Applications Development
5.16 5.17

In manual mode, the system provides the option

of manually and remotely GPIO.setup (PIN, GPIO.OUT)
switching ON/OFF the light.
GPIO-output (PIN, TRUE)
def switchofflight (PIN)
Python Program GPIO-setup (PIN,GPIO-0UT)
# Main program
GPIO-output (PIN, FALSE)
while True:
runcontroller ()
Similarly other devices can also be controlled remotely through web application
in Home automation using IoT.
time sleep (5) Flowchart
#Controller main function
def runcontroller(): Start

currentmode = getcurrentmode ()
if currentmode = = 'auto
Intemet NO Check internet
runautomode () connectivity Connection
ok?
elseif currentmode ==manual?
runmanualmode (O YES

Connection to be established
# Automode through smart phonel
web app
def runautomode ():
# Read LDR
Mannual? Auto? Get Input from LDR
lightlevel=read LDR () Mode? sensor
if light level < ldr threshold:
Get current status
switchonlight (LIGHT_ PIN) of light from Read the luminous of light
else Database & convert it to digital data
using ADC
switchoff light (LIGHT_PIN)
#Manual mode Current ON
state? YES Light threshold
def runmanualmode (): Turn intensity value
ON
# get current state from database OFF light NO
currentstate = getcurrentstate () Turn
Turn OFF
if currentstate == 'ON' OFF
light
light
switchonlight (LIGHT PIN)
Display status of
else currentstate ==OFF' light
switchoflight (LIGHT_PIN)
def switchonlight (PIN)
 Enbedded Sstemms and loT Applications Development 5.19
5.18

CASE STUDY 2 Smart parking

Dashboard
Empty:3 Occupied:3
Smart Cities - Smart Parking System
the number of empty parking
Ihe purpose of asmart parking system is to detect
1

application
slots and send the intormation over the internet to smart parking tablets
backends. These applications can be accessed by drivers from smart phones,
or from in car navigation systems.
whether the slot 3
In smart parking, sensors are used for cach parking slot, to detect
IS empty or occupied. This information is aggregated by a local controller and then
sent over the internet to a server.
Fig. 5.14. Smart parking system web app screenshot
Exit gate control
Server
Read sensor IR Sensor
Motor

Slot empty Slot occupied

State
Power Uitra sonic
supply sensor1
Store empty Store occupied
Utra sonc
sensor 2
LCD
Display
Uitra sonic
Database Micro sensor 3
KH
controller
Fig. 5.12. Process specification for smart parking system Wi Fi
Module Utra soric
sensor 4

Utra sonic
sensor5
3 2
Utra sonic
6 sensor 6

Server
IR sensor motor
Uitra sonic sensor Controller Cloud Entry gate control
storage
device
End user
mobile app
1,3, 5 -occupied slots; 2, 4,6 - empty parking system
Fie. 5.13. Deployment of sensors for slots Fis. 5.15. Block diagramfor smart
smart parking system
S.20 Embedded Systems and loT Applications Development
5.21|
Each parking slot has an ultrasonic sensor fixed above, which detects the presence
GPIO-output
time-sleep (0.0(TRIGGER
of a vehicle in the slot, Each sensor is read at regular intervals and the state of the True) PIN,
parking slot (empty or occupied) is updated in a database. 0001)
Python Code for Controller GPIO(output (TRIGEER PIN, False)
while GPIO-input *SENSOR
signaloff =time-time( ) PIN)==0:
import RPi GPIO as GPIO
import time
while GPIO-input (SENSOR PIN) ==1
import sys
signalon =time-time( )
GPIO-setnode(GPIO.BCM)
SENSOR PIN =27 timepassed =signalon =signaloff
distance =timepassed = 17000
TRIGGER PIN = 17
threshold = 10000 if distance < threshold
return l

else
while True :
return 0
runcontroller( )
time-sleep(l1) def setcurrentstate(value)
def runcontroller( ) values = ("name", value}
T=requests-put(http:/127.0.0.1:8000 /state/·1',
pinstate = readultrasonic sensor( )
data = value, auth = {'username', 'password'}
if pinstate ==1:
set_currentstate (*occupied') CASE STUDY 3
else
set currentstate ('empty') Smart Agriculture using loT
)Smart Irrigation need of
or weather data to determine the
def readultrasonicsensor( ): Smart Irrigation uses soil moisture data system uses
landscape. loT based smart irrigation
GPIO-setup (TRIGGER PIN, GPIO-OUT) irigation or water amount for the of moisture in the eoil
moisture sensors to determine the amount
IoT devices and soil irigation pipes only when the
levels of
GPIO-setup (SENSOR PIN,GPIO-IN) water through the
and release the flow of moisture level is also
GPIO-output (TRIGGEr PIN, GPIO-LOWw) below the threshold. The collected data on
moisture goes schedules.
time-sleep(0.3) analyze the waterplan
uploaded to cloud to
 5.22|
Embedded Systems and loT Applications Development
In smart irigation, multiple nodes are placed at different locations for monitoring # 5.23
SOil moisture in afield. The end nodes send the data to the cloud
and the cloud
Initialize xively feed
database is used to store the data obtained from the end nodes. The cloud based FEED ID="enter feed id'"
application is used for visualizing the data. The deployment design for the system is API KEY =:"enter key"
given below.
api =xively · Xively
Local Cloud
APlclient (API KEY)
Observer Observer # function to read
APP
node
node SPI data from
RESIT
Communcation MCP3008 chip
def ReadChannel(channel):
Controller Controller Centralized REST adc = SPiXfer2 ([1, (8 + channel)
service Service controller services Analytics <<4, 0])
component data =([adc [1] and 3) <<8) +adc (2]
IOT
Resource Resource Intelligence return data
# Function to read sensor
Device
connected to
Device
Database MCP3008

Multiple
defreadMoisture( ),
monitoring
nodes
level = Readchannel (moisture channel)
Centralized Cloud storage
controller analysis return level
Fig. 5.16. Deployment Design ofsmart The end node includes a Raspberry Pi processor and soil moisture sensor. A
irrigation system using loT
llglobal moisture-datastream stepper motor is connected to control the flow of water through iigation pipe. When
#LDR channel on MCP3008 the moisture level goes below a threshold, the stepper motor is moved anticlockwise
to open the valve to release water.
moisture channel =0
GPIO-set mode (GPIO-BCM) Wi-Fi IOT cloud computing
TRIGGER PIN = 18
Threshold = 10 Soil Raspberry Water
moisture Relay pump
pi
#Open SPi bus detector

SPi = Spidev-SpiDEv()
Power
SPi-open (0, 0) supply

Fie. 5.17. Block Diagram for smart irrigation

14.
 Embedded Systems and lor Applications Development 5.25
5.24
CASE STUDY 4
Python Code:
import time Smart Healthcare System using loT Healthcare System
import datetime The system's goal is to build a health monitoring system that can quickly measure
a variety of health factors. The system block diagram is given as
import sys IOT
Wi-Fi application
import json
Pulse / Spoz
import suboprocess sensor

import spidev Arduiro Application

Temperature Uno
# controller main function sensor

DISPLAY
def runcontroller( ): Power
supply
globalmoisture_datastream
Fig. $.18. Smart Health care system using Arduino
level =readMoisture () measure their pulse rate and SPO0,
In the health monitoring system patients will
# check moisture level
Patients can see the measurements data in
using sensor and body temperature.
through application which
if (level < threshold): application and LCD display. Doctors can view the data
GPIO-output (TRIGGER_PIN, True) will be updated through IoT.
else; This health monitoring system has Arduino uno as the microcontroller and sensors
measurements, LM35 for body temperature
GPIO-output (TRIGGER PIN, False) MAX 30100 for pulse rate and SPO2
measurement.
moisture datastream-current value = level application is designed to read the
A mobile based application or web based acts as a gateway to load the
moisture_datastreamat = datetime-datatime the IoT platform. Here, the arduino
sensor values from from
view and analyze the condition of patient
print "moisture:% S" utcnow() data to the IoT platform. Doctors can also monitor in case
the respective persons and
try: anywhere and update the condition to
of emergecy.
moisture_datastream.update( )
except requests-HTTP Error as e:
print "HTTPError ( {O}): {1)"-format
(eerrno, e:strerror)
5.26 Embedded Systems and loT
Applications Development 5.27|
TWO MARKS QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 4. Radio devices

1. Define Embedded Systen. Output Devices:

An embedded system is a combination of computer hardware and software 1. Motor controllers
designed for a specific function. 2. Electronic controllers
Eg: 1. Washing machine 3. Displays
2 Microwave ovens 7. Mention some comnon uses of sensors.
2. Whatare the types of embeddedsystem designprocess?
The sensor converts its findings into a human readable format data. It
There are two approaches to design an embedded system. transmits data to the central server for reading and other storage purposes.
1. Top-down design process - Starts with the system requirements 1. Agriculture
2. Bottom-up design process - Starts with components to build a system
3. What are the major goals of an embedded system?
2. Home Automation - Tank monitoring Light/ fan monitoring)
3 Smart cities
The major goals of any embedded systems are,
1. Manufacturing cost 4. Healthcare.
2. 8. What are the three common uses of hone autonation?
Performance
1. Monitoring activities of residents
3. Power consumption.
2. Water and energy management for efficient use of resources
4. How the embedded system built from customer needs?
Before we design a system, we must know what we are designing. We 3. Automatic or remote operations of lights and appliances.
generally gather an informal description from the customers known as 9. What is the principle of home automation?
to integrate
requirements, and we refine the requirements into specification that contains Home automation is a network of sensors and other devices work
enough information to begin designing the system architecture. every day devices with one another through the internet.
5. Write ashort note on System Integration. 10. Describe the uses of IoT devices in Irrigation process?
moisture in the soil. IoT
System Integration is the process of combining software and hardware Soil moisture sensor, determine the amount of
through the irrigation pipes
modules designed putting them together to see a working system. Bugs are devices uses the value and release the flow of water
predefined threshold.
typically found during system integration, and good planning can help us find only when the moisture levels go below a
road?
the bugs quickly. 11. What are thefeatures of smart
6. Name some IoT input and output devices. Some features of smart roads are,
Input Devices: 1. Speed sensors
1. Tags 2. CCTV cameras
2. Sensors 3. Weather monitoring system
3. Gateways 4. Acoustic sensors
5.28| Embedded Systems and loT Applications Development 5.29

12. How can loT benefit security and surveillance? (b) Smart City Security
Surveillance of infrastructure, public transport and events in cities is required
Architecture.
2. Explain in detail smart city
IoT architecture.
to ensure safety and security. 3. Explain various steps involved in Design of Embedded
Systems
City wide surveillance infrastructure comprising of large number of 4. Explain the implementation of loT technology in following areas:
distributed and internet connected video surveillance cameras can be created.
) Smart Agriculture, (i) Smart Healthcare, (ii) Emergency response, (iv) Smart
The video feeds from surveillance cameras can be aggregated in cloud-based roads in smart cities.
scalable storage solutions.
5. Design a microcontroller based system for taking sensor data from an
13. How loT is used in healthcare? agricultural field and displaying the data, generating alarms, causing actuations
IoT devices plays an important role in Healthcare. and also for sending the data to a PC. A complete description of this system
IoT devices that allow non-invasive and continuous monitoring of should be given.
physiological parameters can help in continuous health and fitness monitoring. The following points are to be taken care of,
Eg: 1. Remote Patient Monitoring () Draw a block diagram of the system and suggest a suitable microcontroller.
2 Glucose monitoring (ii) Humidity and temperature are the sensor data.
3.
Heart rate monitoring (iii) Show the device that displays these parameters.
and display
4. Depression monitoring (iv) If these sensor values goes above a threshold, sound alarm
14. What are the challenges of IoT in health care? should 0ccur.
motorized pump should be
1. Data Security (v) If temperature goes above a threshold, a
2. Integration of Protocols activated to water the field.
microcontroller to be connected to the P.C.
3. Data Overload (vi) Enumerate the steps for the
security with the following sensors.
15. Name some wearable Electronics. 6. Design a system for home automation and
1 Smart watches () Temperature
2 Wireless bands (i) Gas
3. Smart glasses (iii)Humidity
4. Google glass (iv) Intruder
and necessary
threshold, alarmns should be sounded
5. Smart shoes If sensor values are above a necessary explanations, connection
actuations should be performed. The
be given.
REVIEW QUESTIONS diagrams and program should

1 Write a note on following:

(a) Connected Street Light with respect to Smart City