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The document is a comprehensive trigonometry sheet that includes basic identities, general solutions of trigonometric equations, and formulas for compound and multiple angles. It also covers transformations of sums and differences, products of sines and cosines, values of trigonometric functions for specific angles, and inverse trigonometric functions. Additionally, it provides important series and the range of trigonometric expressions, aimed at aiding JEE preparation.

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The document is a comprehensive trigonometry sheet that includes basic identities, general solutions of trigonometric equations, and formulas for compound and multiple angles. It also covers transformations of sums and differences, products of sines and cosines, values of trigonometric functions for specific angles, and inverse trigonometric functions. Additionally, it provides important series and the range of trigonometric expressions, aimed at aiding JEE preparation.

Uploaded by

chakraborty.rinku83
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Trigonometry Sheet

Rishov Chakraborty

Basic Identities
• sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1
• sec2 θ − tan2 θ = 1
• csc2 θ − cot2 θ = 1
• tan θ = sin θ
cos θ

• cot θ = cos θ
sin θ

• sec θ = 1
cos θ

• csc θ = 1
sin θ

General Solutions of Trigonometric Equations


• If sin x = 0, then x = nπ, where n ∈ Z
• If cos x = 0, then x = (2n + 1) π2 , where n ∈ Z
• If tan x = 0, then x = nπ, where n ∈ Z
• If sin x = 1, then x = 2nπ + π2 , where n ∈ Z
• If sin x = −1, then x = 2nπ − π2 , where n ∈ Z
• If cos x = 1, then x = 2nπ, where n ∈ Z
• If cos x = −1, then x = (2n + 1)π, where n ∈ Z
• If sin x = sin α, then x = nπ + (−1)n α, where n ∈ Z
√
3
– If sin x = 2 = sin π3 , then x = nπ + (−1)n π3 , where n ∈ Z
• If cos x = cos α, then x = 2nπ ± α, where n ∈ Z
√
3
– If cos x = 2 = cos π6 , then x = 2nπ ± π6 , where n ∈ Z
• If tan x = tan α, then x = nπ + α, where n ∈ Z
√
– If tan x = 3 = tan π3 , then x = nπ + π3 , where n ∈ Z

• If sin2 x = sin2 α or cos2 x = cos2 α or tan2 x = tan2 α, then x = nπ ± α, where n ∈ Z

Compound Angles
• sin(A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B
• sin(A − B) = sin A cos B − cos A sin B
• cos(A + B) = cos A cos B − sin A sin B
• cos(A − B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B
• tan(A + B) = tan A+tan B
1−tan A tan B

• tan(A − B) = tan A−tan B


1+tan A tan B
Multiple Angles
• sin 2θ = 2 sin θ cos θ = 2 tan θ
1+tan2 θ

1−tan2 θ
• cos 2θ = cos2 θ − sin2 θ = 2 cos2 θ − 1 = 1 − 2 sin2 θ = 1+tan2 θ

• tan 2θ = 2 tan θ
1−tan2 θ

• sin 3θ = 3 sin θ − 4 sin3 θ


• cos 3θ = 4 cos3 θ − 3 cos θ
3 tan θ−tan3 θ
• tan 3θ = 1−3 tan2 θ

• sin 4θ = 4 sin θ cos θ(1 − 2 sin2 θ) = 4 sin θ cos3 θ − 4 cos θ sin3 θ


• cos 4θ = 1 − 8 sin2 θ cos2 θ = 8 cos4 θ − 8 cos2 θ + 1 = 1 − 8 sin2 θ + 8 sin4 θ
4 tan θ(1−tan2 θ)
• tan 4θ = 1−6 tan2 θ+tan4 θ

Sub-Multiple Angles
q
• sin θ2 = ± 1−cos
2
θ

q
• cos θ2 = ± 1+cos
2
θ

q
• tan θ2 = ± 1−cos θ
1+cos θ = sin θ
1+cos θ = 1−cos θ
sin θ

Transformations of Sums and Differences into Products


• sin C + sin D = 2 sin C+D C−D
 
2 cos 2

• sin C − sin D = 2 cos C+D


sin C−D
 
2 2

• cos C + cos D = 2 cos C+D cos C−D


 
2 2

• cos C − cos D = −2 sin C+D sin C−D C+D D−C


   
2 2 = 2 sin 2 sin 2

Transformations of Products into Sums and Differences


• 2 sin A cos B = sin(A + B) + sin(A − B)
• 2 cos A sin B = sin(A + B) − sin(A − B)

• 2 cos A cos B = cos(A + B) + cos(A − B)


• 2 sin A sin B = cos(A − B) − cos(A + B)

Products of Sines and Cosines


• sin(A + B) sin(A − B) = sin2 A − sin2 B = cos2 B − cos2 A
• cos(A + B) cos(A − B) = cos2 A − sin2 B = cos2 B − sin2 A
Values of Trigonometric Functions for Specific Angles
• θ = 18◦ = π
10
√
– sin 18◦ = 5−1
√4 √
10+2 5
– cos 18◦ = 4
√
– tan 18◦ = √ 5−1√
10+2 5

• θ = 36◦ = π
5
√ √
10−2 5
– sin 36◦ = 4
√
– cos 36◦ = 5+1
√4 √
10−2 5
– tan 36◦ = √
5+1

• θ = 54◦ = 3π
10
√
– sin 54◦ = cos 36◦ = 5+1
√4 √
10−2 5
– cos 54◦ = sin 36◦ = 4
√
– tan 54◦ = cot 36◦ = √ 5+1√
10−2 5

• θ = 72◦ = 2π
5
√ √
10+2 5
– sin 72◦ = cos 18◦ = 4
√
– cos 72◦ = sin 18◦ = 5−1
√4 √
◦ ◦ 10+2 5
– tan 72 = cot 18 = √ 5−1

• θ = 7.5◦ = π
24
√ √ √ √
2− 3
– sin 7.5◦ = √
2 2
= 6−4
2
√ √ √ √
2+ 3
– cos 7.5◦ = √ = 6+ 2
4
√2 2√ √
2− 3
– tan 7.5◦ = √ √ =2− 3
2+ 3

• θ = 15◦ = π
12
√ √
– sin 15◦ = sin(45◦ − 30◦ ) = 6− 2
4
√ √
– cos 15◦ = cos(45◦ − 30◦ ) = 6+ 2
4
√
– tan 15◦ = tan(45◦ − 30◦ ) = 2 − 3

Product of Cosines in Geometric Progression


sin(2n α)
• cos α cos 2α cos 4α . . . cos(2n−1 α) = 2n sin α , provided sin α ̸= 0.

Conditional Identities (If A + B + C = π)


• sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C = 4 sin A sin B sin C
• cos 2A + cos 2B + cos 2C = −1 − 4 cos A cos B cos C
• tan A + tan B + tan C = tan A tan B tan C
• cot A cot B + cot B cot C + cot C cot A = 1
• sin2 A + sin2 B + sin2 C = 1 − 2 cos A cos B cos C
• cos2 A + cos2 B + cos2 C = 1 + 2 cos A cos B cos C
Important Series
sin( nβ
2 ) (n−1)β
• sin α + sin(α + β) + sin(α + 2β) + · · · + sin(α + (n − 1)β) = sin( β
sin(α + 2 )
2)

sin( nβ
2 ) (n−1)β
• cos α + cos(α + β) + cos(α + 2β) + · · · + cos(α + (n − 1)β) = sin( β
cos(α + 2 )
2)

Range of Trigonometric Expressions


√ √
• a cos θ + b sin θ has a range of [− a2 + b2 , a2 + b2 ]

Inverse Trigonometric Functions (Brief )


• sin−1 x + cos−1 x = π
2

• tan−1 x + cot−1 x = π
2

• sec−1 x + csc−1 x = π
2
 
• tan−1 x + tan−1 y = tan−1 x+y
1−xy
 
• tan−1 x − tan−1 y = tan−1 x−y
1+xy

Best of luck for your JEE preparation!

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