1.

Demonstration of hardware peripherals: CPU, RAM, SMPS,

Motherboard, NIC card, Processor, Cooling fan, PCI card, HDD.
Demonstration of Hardware Peripherals

1. CPU (Central Processing Unit)

• Known as the "brain" of the computer.

• It processes instructions and controls tasks.
• All major calculations happen here.

2. RAM (Random Access Memory)

• Temporary memory used while the computer is on.

• Stores data and programs that are currently in use.
• Helps the computer work faster.

3. SMPS (Switched Mode Power Supply)

• Converts electricity from the wall into a form the computer can use.
• Supplies power to all internal components.
• Found inside the CPU case.

4. Motherboard

• Main circuit board of the computer.

• Connects all components like CPU, RAM, and storage.
• Transfers data between parts.

5. NIC Card (Network Interface Card)

• Allows the computer to connect to the internet or a network.

• Can be wired (Ethernet) or wireless (Wi-Fi).
• Sometimes built into the motherboard.

6. Processor

• Another name for the CPU.

• Performs tasks and runs programs.
• Speed is measured in GHz.
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7. Cooling Fan

• Keeps the CPU and other parts cool.

• Prevents the computer from overheating.
• Spins faster when the system gets hot.

8. PCI Card (Peripheral Component Interconnect Card)

• Extra cards added to the motherboard.

• Used for sound, graphics, network, or other functions.
• Fits into PCI slots on the motherboard.

9. HDD (Hard Disk Drive)

• Stores data permanently, even when the computer is off.

• Used to save files, programs, and the operating system.
• Slower than SSD but larger in size.

2. Demonstration of various ports: CPU, VGA PORT, PS/2

(keyboard, mouse), USB, LAN, SPEAKER, AUDIO.

Demonstration of Various Ports

1. CPU Ports

• The CPU (computer box) has different ports to connect devices.

• These ports are found at the back or front of the CPU case.

2. VGA Port (Video Graphics Array)

• Used to connect the monitor to the computer.

• Has 15 small holes in three rows.
• Sends video signals to display the screen.

3. PS/2 Port

• Used for old-style keyboard and mouse.

• Usually two round ports – purple (keyboard) and green (mouse).
• Not commonly used in new computers.

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4. USB Port (Universal Serial Bus)

• Most common port in all computers.

• Used to connect pen drives, mouse, keyboard, printers, etc.
• Easy to plug in and supports fast data transfer.

5. LAN Port (Local Area Network)

• Connects the computer to the internet using a cable.

• Looks like a big phone socket (RJ-45).
• Used for wired internet connection.

6. Speaker Port

• Used to connect external speakers.

• Usually green in color.
• Sends audio output from computer to speakers.

7. Audio Port

• For connecting headphones, microphones, or audio devices.

• Found in different colors (green for headphones, pink for mic).
• Let users hear and record sound.

3. Identify the computer name and hardware specification (RAM

capacity, processor type, HDD, 32bit/64 bit).

How to Find Computer Name and Hardware Specification

1. Find Computer Name

• Press Windows key + I to open Settings.

• Click System on the left side.
• Scroll down and click About.
• Under "Device name" – this is your computer name.

2. Check RAM Capacity

• In the About section, look for Installed RAM.

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 • It shows how much RAM (memory) your system has (e.g., 8 GB, 16 GB).

3. Check Processor Type

• Still in the About section.

• Under Processor, you'll see the processor name and speed (e.g., Intel Core
i5, AMD Ryzen).

4. Check HDD or Storage

• Press Windows key + E to open File Explorer.

• Click on This PC on the left.
• You'll see the drives and how much space is available (C: drive shows total
HDD or SSD size).

5. Check if Your System is 32-bit or 64-bit

• Go back to Settings > System > About.

• Under System type, it will say either:
o 64-bit operating system or

o 32-bit operating system

4. Identify and Troubleshoot the problems of RAM (beep sound

with blue screen), SMPS and motherboard (CPU is not switched
ON).

Identify and Troubleshoot Hardware Problems

1. RAM (Beep Sound + Blue Screen)

Problem:

• Computer makes beeping sounds when turned on.

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 • Shows blue screen errors while using.

Cause:

• RAM is not fixed properly or is faulty.

Troubleshooting Steps:

• Turn off the computer and unplug it.

• Open the CPU case.
• Remove the RAM and clean it gently.
• Reinsert the RAM properly into the slot.
• If the problem continues, try using another RAM stick.

2. SMPS (CPU Not Switching ON)

Problem:

• CPU doesn’t start or no power at all.

Cause:

• SMPS (power supply) might be damaged or not working.

Troubleshooting Steps:

• Check if the power cable is connected properly.

• Test SMPS with another power cable.
• Try replacing the SMPS with a working one.
• If it works with another SMPS, then the original one is faulty.

3. Motherboard (CPU Not Switching ON)

Problem:

• CPU still doesn't switch on even after checking SMPS.

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Cause:

• The motherboard may be damaged or have a loose connection.

Troubleshooting Steps:

• Check if all cables (power, CPU fan, etc.) are connected to the
motherboard.
• Look for burnt marks or smell.
• Reset the CMOS battery or try a new one.
• If nothing works, consult a technician or replace the motherboard.

5. Configure Bios setting disable and enable USB and LAN

How to Configure BIOS to Enable/Disable USB and LAN Ports

Before You Start

• BIOS is the system that starts before Windows loads.

• Be careful while changing settings – wrong changes may affect your
system.

Steps to Open BIOS

1. Turn off your computer completely.

2. Turn it back on and keep pressing the BIOS key (usually F2, DEL, or
ESC) quickly.
3. BIOS screen will open (it looks like a blue or black screen, no mouse
support).

To Enable/Disable USB Ports

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 1. Use arrow keys to go to Advanced or Integrated Peripherals (depends on
motherboard).
2. Find USB Configuration or Legacy USB Support.
3. Select the USB port option.
4. Choose Enable to turn ON or Disable to turn OFF USB ports.
5. Press F10 to save changes and exit BIOS.

To Enable/Disable LAN Port

1. In BIOS, go to Advanced, Onboard Devices, or Integrated Peripherals.

2. Look for Onboard LAN Controller or Ethernet Controller.
3. Select the option and choose Enable or Disable.
4. Press F10 to save and exit.

After BIOS Configuration

• Your computer will restart.

• If USB or LAN is disabled, it won’t work in Windows until re-enabled in
BIOS.

6. Identify, How To Recover The Hidden Files From Corrupted

Pendrive Using Command.
Insert the pen drive into your computer.

Press Windows + S, type cmd, right-click Command Prompt, and select

Run as administrator.

Open File Explorer and note the drive letter of your pen drive (e.g., E:).

In CMD, type this command (replace E: with your pen drive’s letter):

attrib -h -r -s /s /d E:\*.*

Press Enter.

Open the pen drive in File Explorer — hidden files should now be visible.
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 Optionally, scan the drive with antivirus software to remove any remaining
malware.

7. Recover the contents from crashed hard disk using disk drill
software.
Download and install Disk Drill from the official website:
https://www.cleverfiles.com

Open Disk Drill after installation.

Connect the crashed hard disk to your PC (internally or via USB/SATA

cable).

In Disk Drill, select the crashed drive from the list of available drives.

Click on "Search for lost data" to start the scanning process.

Wait while the software scans for recoverable files (this may take time
depending on drive size).

Once the scan is complete, preview the found files.

Select the files or folders you want to recover.

Click on "Recover" and choose a different drive (not the crashed one) to
save the recovered files.

Wait for the process to finish — your data should now be safely recovered!

8. Install Operating System – Windows 7/ Windows 10 ) and also

make partitions.
Insert the Windows 7 DVD or bootable USB drive into your computer.

Restart your PC and enter Boot Menu (usually by pressing F12, F2, Esc, or
Del — depends on your PC).

Select the DVD/USB drive to boot from.

When Windows 7 setup starts, choose your language, time, and keyboard
layout, then click Next.

Click Install Now.

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 Accept the license terms and click Next.

Choose "Custom (advanced)" installation.

You’ll see your hard drive listed — now you can create partitions:

• Click on Drive options (advanced).

• Select the unallocated space.
• Click New, enter the size for your first partition (e.g., C: for Windows).
• Click Apply (Windows will also create a small system partition
automatically).
• Repeat to create other partitions (like D: for data).

Select the C: partition (where you want to install Windows) and click Next.

Wait while Windows 7 installs (this takes some time).

After installation, the system will restart — follow the setup prompts
(username, password, time zone, etc.).

9. Install operating system linux.

Choose a Linux version (like Ubuntu or Mint).

Download the ISO file from the official website.

Put the ISO on a USB using Rufus or Etcher.

Plug the USB into your computer.

Restart the computer.

Open the boot menu (press F12, ESC, or F2 when turning on).

Select the USB to start Linux.

Click "Install" when the screen loads.

Follow the steps (language, name, password, etc.).

Choose if you want to delete everything or keep old files.

Wait for install to finish.

Remove USB and restart.

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 Linux is ready to use!

10. Install Application Software – Python3.8, My SQL.

Install Python 3.8:

1. Go to the official Python website:

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-380/
2. Scroll down and download the Windows installer (64-bit).
3. Run the installer.
4. Important: Check the box that says “Add Python 3.8 to PATH”.
5. Click Install Now.
6. Wait for the installation to complete and click Close.
7. To confirm it’s installed, open Command Prompt, type:

python --version

Install MySQL (Community Edition):

1. Go to the official MySQL website:

https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/installer/
2. Download the MySQL Installer for Windows (64-bit).
3. Run the installer.
4. Choose "Developer Default" setup (includes MySQL Server, Workbench,
and Shell).
5. Click Next, let the installer download and install required components.
6. During configuration:
o Set root password (remember this!).

o Optionally create a user.

o Choose to run MySQL as a Windows service.

7. Complete the configuration and click Finish.

8. Open MySQL Workbench to start working with databases.

11. Install Avast antivirus software and observe the variations

before and after installation.
Steps to Install Avast Antivirus:

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 1. Go to the official Avast website: https://www.avast.com
2. Click on Free Download for Avast Free Antivirus.
3. Once the file downloads, run the setup file.
4. Click Install and wait for the process to complete.
5. After installation, restart your computer (if prompted).
6. Open Avast and run a smart scan to check for viruses and issues

12. Add new hardware device ( keyboard, mouse, speaker,

Microphone).
Add Keyboard or Mouse

• Plug it into a USB port (for wired).

• For wireless, turn it on and press the pairing button.
• Go to Settings > Bluetooth & devices.
• Click Add device, choose Bluetooth, and select your device.
• Done! It will connect automatically.

Add Speaker or Microphone

• Plug it in (USB or audio jack) for wired.

• For Bluetooth, turn it on and make it discoverable.
• Go to Settings > Bluetooth & devices.
• Click Add device, choose Bluetooth, and select your device.
• Device will connect and be ready to use.

13. Connect the LCD projector with laptop / CPU.

To Connect Projector with Laptop/CPU:

1. Turn off both the projector and the laptop/CPU (optional but safe).
2. Connect the cable:
o Use a VGA, HDMI, or DisplayPort cable (depends on the ports).

3. Turn on the projector and the laptop/CPU.

4. Press Windows + P on your keyboard.
5. Choose one of these options:
o Duplicate – Same screen on laptop and projector.

o Extend – Use projector as second screen.

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 o Second screen only – Only projector will show the screen.
6. Wait a few seconds – the display should appear.
7. Use projector’s focus/zoom to adjust the screen if needed.

14. Adding additional RAM to the system (expanding RAM size).

How to Add Additional RAM (Increase RAM Size):

1. Turn off the computer and unplug it from power.

2. Open the case (CPU cabinet or laptop back panel).
3. Find the RAM slots on the motherboard.
4. Check empty slots or remove the old RAM if you're replacing it.
5. Insert the new RAM stick carefully into the slot.
o Press down until it clicks into place.

6. Close the case and plug the power back in.

7. Turn on the computer.
8. Go to Settings > System > About (or check Task Manager) to see if the
new RAM is detected.

15. Graphic card insertion

How to Insert a Graphics Card (GPU):

1. Turn off the computer and unplug it from power.

2. Open the CPU case (side panel).
3. Locate the PCIe x16 slot on the motherboard (usually the longest one).
4. Remove the metal cover on the back of the case (where the GPU ports will
go).
5. Insert the graphics card into the PCIe slot gently but firmly until it clicks.
6. Screw the card in place using the case screws.
7. Connect power cables from the power supply (if required by the card).
8. Close the case and plug the computer back in.
9. Turn on the computer.
10. Install graphics drivers (Windows may install them automatically,
or you can download from NVIDIA/AMD website).
11. Restart the system if needed.

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16. Assemble and Disassemble desktop system.

Disassembling the Desktop:

1. Turn off the PC and unplug all cables.

2. Press the power button for a few seconds to discharge any power.
3. Open the side panel by pressing the latch or removing screws.
4. Disconnect cables (power, SATA, etc.) from the motherboard and drives.
5. Remove components one by one:
o RAM: Push side clips and pull it out.

o Hard drive/SSD: Slide or unscrew it from the bay.

o Graphics card (if any): Unscrew and gently pull it out.

o CPU cooler: Unscrew and remove it carefully.

o CPU: Lift the metal lever and take out the processor.

6. Remove the motherboard (optional): Unscrew and lift it out gently.

7. Done! Now the system is disassembled.

Assembling the Desktop:

1. Place the motherboard in the case and screw it in place.

2. Insert the CPU into the socket (match triangle corner) and lock it.
3. Apply thermal paste (if needed), then install the CPU cooler.
4. Insert RAM sticks into the RAM slots.
5. Install hard drive or SSD into the drive bay and connect SATA + power
cables.
6. Insert graphics card into PCIe slot and secure it with a screw.
7. Connect all power cables (motherboard, CPU, drives, GPU).
8. Close the side panel.
9. Plug in monitor, keyboard, mouse, and power cable.
10. Turn on the PC and check if it boots.

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