D 02000EcT206052LOL

Reg No.:

APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERS

B.Tech Degree 54 (S, FE) / 52 (PT) (S) Examination January 2024 (Z0l

Course Code: ECT 206

course Name: COMPUTER ARCHITECTTJRE AND MIcRocoNTRoLLERs
Max. Marks: 100 Duration:3 Hours

PART A
, (Answer all questionsl eoch question carries 3 marks) Marks

Represent -7 & +6 in sign magnitude, I's complement and 2's complement 3

method.

what is the significance of stack pointer in processor architecture? 3

Speciff the default register bank in 8051 microcontroller and how it is changed 3
when needed?
4 what is the difference between Mov and Movc instructions and ADD and 3
ADDC instructions?
5 List any 6 datatypes for declaring variables in 8051 C programming. J
6 List the features of 0804 ADC interfacing chip. 3
7 List the timers and features of its associated registers in 8051 microcontrollers. 3
8 with xrAl-=l1.0592 MHZ, find the THI value needed for the following baud 5
I
rates a) 9600 b)2400 c)I200

9 Differentiate programmed I/O and intemrpt driven I/O 3

'10 Briefly explain Least recently used (LRU) replacement algorithm used in cache 3
memory.
I
PARTB -;
(Answer onefall questionfrom each modale, each question carries 14 marks)

Module -1
ll a) Illustrate Booth's algorithm for multiplication of two numbers -5x6 in binary. l0
Write the algorithm or draw the flowchart to explain the steps.
b) processor.
Explain the basic register set of a general 4
l2 a) Explain Instruction fetch Cycle with a sample timing diagram 7

Page 1 of 3
 02000EcT2060s2LOt

b) Explain LEEE754 format of binary single precision representation. What is biased

exponent? Explain the method of construction and reconstruction of biased
exponent using an example.

Module -2
l3 a) Explain using a block diagram, the architecture of 8051 microcontroller chip. 8
b) Illustrate with examples the use of instructions CJNE, DJNZ and JNC for 6
program control in 8051 microcontrollers.
t4 a) Explain PSW register in SFR and explain the function of each bit. 6
b) Explain the addressing modes used in the instruction architecture of 8051 8
microcontroller with two examples each. (Use MOV instructions for illustration).

Module -3
l5 a) Write an 8051 C program to toggle the bits of Pl ports continuously with a
250ms time delay.( Comment each line of the program.)
b) write an assembly language program in 8051 to add an array of ten g-bit
numbers stored in the external memory. Draw the flowchart or write the
I

algorithm also.
l6 a) Using a block diagram explain the interfacing of 8051 with LCD module.
Explain the functional pins of LCD module.
b) Write an assembly language program to interface a DAC to 8051 microcontroller
and display a squane waveform. (Choose l0v maximum and 0v minimum. Take
data values accordingly).

Module -4
t7 a) Explain the function of each bit of TMOD and TCoN registers of g05l
microcontroller.
b) write an 8051 assembly language proggn to generate a square wave of 50ol
duty cycle with 3ms pulse width on all pins of Port 0 using Timer 0. Assume an
XTAL frequency of 22MIlz.
t8 a) Explain the significance of SBUF and scoN registers in g05l serial
communication. Explain how the baud rate can be doubled using PCON register.
b) Eiplain ARMT programming model.
Module -5
t9 a) What is DMA. Explain the role of DMA controller in data transfer using a block
diagram.

Page 2 of 3
 02fftoEcT206052101

I b) Explain how program contnrlled IIO is performed using polling.

20 a) Explain direct mapping of cache memory for a 4K cache with block size IJE and
word size 16. Draw necessary figures. Specify the main memory address.
b) Explain the virtual inemory address translation procedure with a diagram.
6
8

rtrt*
lt
I

I
l.

l
il

Page 3 of3
 D 02000EcT206052103

Reg No.: Name:

APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIV
B.Tech Degree s4 (R,s) / s2 (pr) (R,s) Examination June 2023 (2

Course Code: ECT 206

Course Name: COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE AND MICROCONTROLLERS
Max. Marks: 100 Duration:3 Hours
PART A
(Answer all questions; each question carries 3 marks) Marks
I Show the binary representation of (-54.035)ro in Single precision floating point 3
format.
2 What are the functional units of aComputer? 3
3 Explain the memory organization of 8051 microcontroller.
3
4 Write down the function of following instructions
3
(a) XRL A,@Rl (b) CLR A (c) XCH A,@RO
5 write an assembly language program to copy a block of g bytes of data to 3
RAM locations starting at 80H from RAM locations 20H.
6 What are the types of constants in embedded C? 3
7 Explain how the baud rate is configured in g05l serial port. 3
8 Explain assembler, interpreter andcompiler. 3
9 Write a short note on memory hierarchy. 3
l0 Explain the replacement algorithm used in cache memory. 3

PART B
(Answer onefull qaestion from each module, each question carries 14 ntarks)
Module -l
.l I a) Explain "shift and add" algorithm for_:nultiplying fwo numbers with an ' (g)
example.

b) Differentiate RISC and CISC Computer Architecture. (6)

l2 a) Draw and explain the general internal architecture of a processor. (8)
b) Explain processor operations Instruction fetch, decode and execute. (6)
Module -2
l3 a) Explain different Addressing Modes of 8051 Microcontroller with examples. (g)
b) Explain Read/Write operation of any one port of 805l microcontroller using (6)
port diagram.

Page 1 of 2
 02000EcT206052103

l4 a) Explain the intem"rpts of 8051microcontroller. (5)

b) Draw and explain the archltecture of g05l microcontroller. (9)
Module -3
l5 a) Explain interfacing of stepper motor with microcontroller. Write an assembly (9)
language program to rotate stepper motor in clockwise direction continuously
in full step mode.
b) Write an 8051 assembly language program to find the sum of 25 data bytes (5)
stored in array of external RAM starting with address 3200H. Store the l6 bit
sum at the end ofarray.

16 a) Explain interfacing of DAC with 8051 using a diagram and also write an (7)
embedded C program to generate staircase waveform.

b) Write an assembly language program to interface a 7 Segment LED display (7)

with 805 | microcontroller.
Module -4
l7 a) Explain 8051 timer mode I and mode 2 characteristics and operations using (8)
diagrams.
b) Write an 8051 C program to transfer the message "FOLLOW THIS" serially at (6)
baud rate of 9600, Sbit data with I stop bit continuously.
| 8 a) Write an 8051 assembly language program to generate a square wave of lKHz (g)
frequency at pin P 0.1 using Timer 0. Explain how timer modes are selected

, using TMOD register.

b) Draw and explain ARMT register architecture. (6)
Module -5
19 a) Explain programmed I/O and intemrpt driven I/O. (g)
. b) What is the role of TLB (Translation Loo$ aside Buffer) in virtual address to . (6)
physical address translation ?

20 a) Explain about DMA data transfer methods. @)

b) Explain set associative mapping technique used in cache memory. How it is (10)
different from direct mapping.
***

Page2 of 2
D 02000EcT2050s2104

RegNo.: Name:
APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERS
Fourth Semester B.Tech Degree Supplementary Examination June 2023

Course Code: ECT206

course Name: COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE AND MICROC0NTROLLERS
Max. Marks: 100 Duration:3 Hours
PART A
(Answer all questions; each question corries 3 marks) Marks

I Write short note about accumulator and program counter. 3

2 Write short note on instruction sequencing and execution. 3

J Explain briefly about 8051 timers. 3

4 Explain the stack pointer (SP) using PUSH and POP instructions. 3
5 Write 8051 assembly language program to perform multiplication of two Sbit 3
numbers using repeated addition method.
6 Write a 8051 C program code to toggle the bits of P0 continuously using a delay 3
function.
7 write a short note about serial transmission and reception baud rate in 8051 . J
8 Write a short note on ARM registers. 5

9 Briefly explain a static RAM cell. J

l0 Explain the basic structure of a Cache a
J

PART B
(Answer one full question from each module, each question carries 14 marks)
Module -1
ll a) Explain Von. Neumann and Harvard computer architecture with necessary 9
diagrams. List the advantages and disadvantages.
b) With an example explain the multiplQation operation of two 8-bit binary 5

numbers using shift and add method.

12 a) diagram.
Explain the steps of opcode fetch cycle using a timing l0
b) Write a short note about program counter and stack pointer. 4
Module -2
t3 a) Write a short note about program status word (PSW) in 8051 . 4
b) Explain in detail about various addressing modes of 8051 microcontroller. l0
t4 a) With examples briefly explain the instructions used in 8051 microcontrollers for 5

Boolean operatlon and Rotate operation.

Page 1 of 2
 02000EcT206052104

b) Explain in detail about 8051 interrupts using interrupt vector table. Explain the g

significance of InterruptnEnable (lE) register and Intemrpt priority (IP) register.

Module -3
15 a) Writb 8051 assembly language program to toggle all the bits of Port 0 every lms 4
using a subroutine. The crystal frequency used is I lMHz. Assume the machine
cycle values as I or 2.
b) Draw a neat diagram to represent the interfacing of 805 I with LCD device. Write l0
embedded c code to display 'H', 'E', 'L', 'l-' ,'o' continuously using derays.
16 a) Write 8051 C program to convert ASCII digits of '5' and '8' to packed BCD and 4
sent the value to por|2.
b) Explain the 8051 interfacing with ADC using a block diagram. Write embedded l0
C code to convert the analog input to the digital value and store the result in R5.

Module -4
17 a) Write a short note on Mode 2 programming of 8051 timer. 4
b) Explain the SBUF and SCON register of 8051. Write an embedded C program to l0
check the status of pin Pl.O and if the pin is HIGH transfer the message ..

WELCOME" serially at 9600 baud, 8-bit,l stop bit. If the pin is low exit the
program.
18 a) Explain the steps to create an executable file from an assembly language 4
program.
b) Write the programming steps to transfer character bytes serially. Write 8051 l0
assembly language program to read data through ports 0,1,2 one after the other
and transfer the data serially, continuously. Assume 9600 baud, 8-bit,l stop bit.
Module -5
o 19 a) Explain the Set-Associative mapping of Cache memory with an example. . 8
b) Write the importance on Translation ilokaside Buffer (TLB). How physical 6
address is generated using associative-mapped TLB.
20 a) Write a short note on virtual memory organisation. 5
b) Illustrate programmed I/O using a block diagram. Explain the steps to input a 9
. sequence of data bytes to be stored in memory.
***

Page 2 of 2
 D 02000EcT205052102
r,,#'F;:^ .

";'i ",
Reg No.: Name: i 1

APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIV

E\ :i;;...ij,
tUt-*?..,r.#,/'
Fourlh Semester B.Tech Degree Examination July 2021(201
YW:I)
kffiry
Course Code: ECT206
Course Name: COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE AND MICROCONTROLLERS

Yu*. Marks: 100 Duration: 3 Hours

PART A
(Answer all questions; each question corries 3 marks) Marks

q,
I Explain the significance of accumulator, program counter and stack pointer in J

processor operation.

2 List the difference between RISC and CISC processors. 3

a
J Describe the function of Program status word (PSW) in 8051 microcontroller. 3

4 List the interrupts of 805 I and its ROM locations. J

5 Write an 8051 C program to send values 00-FF to port Pl. 3

6 Write an S05lassembly language program to add two Sbit numbers stored in J

external RAM memory.

7 Explain the procedure of doubling the baud rate of data transfer in 8051 serial J

communication.
8 Assurne XTAL:Il.OSqZ. Compute the value to be loaded into THO and TLO J

(mode l) to incorporate a time delay of 5ms.

9 Explain 'Locality of reference' in Cache memory system.
l0 Differentiate SRAM and DRAM memory cells.
PART B
(Answer one full question from each ntodule, each question carries 14 marks)
Module -I
I I a) Illustrate the algorithm for division of tr.vo 4 bit signed binary numbers. -614.
Write the algorithm or draw the flowchart also.
s

b) Explain the basic operations of a general processor in executing an instruction.

12 a) Write down the range of numbers that can be represented using IEEE 754
single precision floating point representation. How do we represent zero,
infinity and 49 in IEEE 754 format.

b) Draw the internal architecture of a general processor and explain the various
components.

Page 1 of 2
 02000Ecr205052102

13 a) Explain the RAM memory organization of S05lmicrocontroller using a 9

schematic diagram. Also list the 8051 Special function registers and its

functions.
b) What is stack? Explain the role of stack in prograrn execution during a CALL 5

instruction.

- 14 a) Explain about the ports of 8051 and also illustrate the Port 0 circuit read and 8

r .\1r write operation.

b) Explain the 'Rotate' instructions used in 8051 microcontroller. 6
'
( Module -3
D a) Write an 8051 assembly language program to sort the ten numbers stored in 8

,'t memory locaticns 30H to 39H in ascending order. Comment all lines of the
program.

b) Write an 8051 C code to conveft the analog input provided to ADC chip to the 6

digital value and store the result in mernory location.

16 a) Write an 8051 C program to send letters 'M'- 'D' to LCD using detal's. 7

b) Using a schematic diagram explain the procedure of interfacing KEYBOARD 7

to 805 I microcontroller.
tr{odule -.{
17 a) Explain the charactgristics and operations ol-nrodc I programming of Timers in 6

8051 microcontroller.

.t
b) Explain the steps to transfer data serially in 8051. 8

Writean 8051 assernbly language program to transfer'Y'serially at baud rate

., 9600 continuously through Port 0.
: 18 a) Explain ARM 7 register architecture. I
'! 0 Explain the operation of a) Assembler b) compiler c) Debugger 6

Module -5
19 a) Explain programmed I/O and interrupt driven l/O for data transfer in 8

computers. I
b) Explain RAM and ROM rnemory chips. 6

20 a) Explain associative mapping of cache memorv for a 4K cache with block size I
128 and word size 16. Draw necessary figures. Specifo the main memory
address.

b) Explain the meriory hierarchy model using a layout diagram. 6

t*

Page 2 of 2
 D 0200EcT206052401

Reg No.: Name:

APJ ABDUL KAI,AM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

B.Tech Degree 54 (S, FE) / 52 (PT) (S, FE) / 54 (WP) (S) Examination December 2024 (2019

Course Code: ECT206

Course Name: COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE AND MICROCONTROLLERS
Max. Marks: 100 Duration: 3 Hours

PART A
(Answer all questions; eoch question carries 3 marks) Marks

I Explain the functional units of a computer. J

2 List the difference between Harvard and Von Neumann architecture. J

3 Explain TMOD register in 8051. 3

4 Explain PUSH and POP operations with a suitable example. 3

5 List any three datatypes of variables in 8051 C programming. 3

6 Write an embedded C program to toggle bits of port Pl with a delay. 3

7 Explain how to double the baud rate for data transfer in 8051serial communication. 3

8 Explain the Mode 2 of Timer in 8051. J

9 What is virtual memory? 3

l0 List the difference between SRAM and DRAM. 3

PART B
(Answer onefull questionfrom each madule, each question corries 11 marks)

Module -1
ll a) Explain IEEE754 single precision format with the help of an example. 6

b) Illustrate division of numbers 23/17 using any restoring algorithm. 8

,12 a) Explain instruction Cycle with the help ofa timing diagram. ,10
b) Explain the Stack Pointer and Program 6nter. 4

Module -2
t3 a) Explain any four addressing modes of 8051 with an example. 8

b) Explain the difference between rotate instructions RL and RLC with suitable 6

example.
t4 a) Sketch and explain the architecture of805l. 8

b) Name the different intemrpts in 8051 and their vector locations. 6

Page 1 of 2
?
 0200EcT206052401

, Module -3
15 a) Explain the interfacing of Seven Segment Display with 8051. Write an assembly E

language program to display 2.

b) Write an assembly language program to find the sum of l0 numbers stored from
location 2000H and store the results in the consecutive locations.
16 a) With relevant diagram, explain the program for interfacing LCD with 8051. 7
b) Explain how to interface ADC to 8051 with suitable diagram and program. 7
Module -4
t7 a) Explain the steps and program to receive data serially in 805 r. g

b) Write an assembly language program to generate lms frequency on port Pl using 6

Timero. Assume crystal frequency is 11.0592 MHz.
t8 a) With relevant diagram, explain the architecture of ARM7. g

b) Explain Compiler, Interpreter and Linker. 6

Module -5
l9 a) Explain address translation in virtual memory. 5
b) Explain different cache mapping techniques. g
20 a) Explain the difference between Programmed I/o and Intemrpt driven I/o. 5
b) What is DMA? Explain the role of DMA controller in data transfer of block of g
data.
rf*rt

Page2of 2
e
t
 D 0200Ecr2060s2402 Pages: 2

Reg No.: Name:

APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

'{A.
B.Tech Degree 54 (R,S) / 54 (WP) tnil SZ (PT) (S, FE) Examination May 2024 (fd,ttt t j.:,

\N
,i:1$
Course Code: ECT206
Course Name: COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE AND MICROCONTROLLERS
-
Max. Marks: 100 Duration: 3 Hours

PART A
(Answer all questionq each question carries 3 morks) Marks
.
I Differentiate Von Neumann and Harvard Architecture J

2 What is Stack Pointer, Program Counter and Accumulator J

a
J State how register bank selection is carried out in 805 l. J

4 Explain the following instructions J

a) ADDC A,20H b) DIV AB c) DJNZ R0, Label

5 Write an assembly language program to copy l0 bytes starting from 20H to 3

location starting from 50H.

6 Write an 8051 C program to send values 00H to FFH to port Pl. 3

7 Draw the TMOD register and mention the function of each bit in theregister. 3

8 Name the SFRs (any three) used for serial communication in 8051. What is their 3

function?
I
9 What is meant by paging? J

.10 Draw the circuit diagram and explain the working of DRAM. 3

PART B
(Answer onefull questionfrom each module, each question carries 11 marks)

Module -i"
ll a) Represent the number -15.625 in IEEE754 single precision format 5

b) Draw the intemal architecture of a general processor and explain the various 9

components
12 a) Perform the division 9/5 using any restoring division algorithm. 8

b) Explain the three major types of busses in a processor 6

Module -2
13 a) Write the functions of the pins in 8051 - EA, RST, XTAL and ALE 8

b) Explain any three addressing modes used in 8051 with an example each. 6

Page 1 of 2
 0200EcT2060s2402

14 a) Describe the steps in executing an intemrpt.

b) What are the altemative functions supported by Port 3 of 8051?
t
Modul" -3
15 a) Write any five data types used in Embedded C
b) With necessary diagram explain interfacing of 8051 with DAC module and write
assembly language program to generate a staircase waveform.

16 a) write an assembly language progftrm to add three, 8-bit numbers stored in

external RAM memorv.
b) With a neat diagram explain how a Seven Segment Display can be interfaced
with 8051 and write an assembly language program to display the character P.
Module -4
t7 a) Elplain the different modes of operation of Timers in 8051. 8

b) E plain the operation of following System Software. a) Assembler b) Compiler 6

c) Dehryger
It a) E Plain rhe seps to transfer data serially in 8051 . Write an assembly language l0
progrm to transfer "YES" serially at baud rate 9600 continuously through Port
0.
b) Describe CPSR of ARM processor.
Module -5
l9 a) Explain direct mapping of cache memory with an example 6

I
b) Explain the virnral memory address translation procedure with necessary diagram 8

20 a) Differentiate between programmed I/O and intemrpt driven IlO data transfer. 9
Mention the advantages of Intemrpt driven I/O.
b) Write a short note on memory hierarchy with block diagram
. ***

age2 of 2

:sr" I
F
 "ffi
D 02000EcT206052106

RegNo.:
t'/ 3Y -€.lrrrr*a\E
APJ ABDUL K,{LAM TECHNOLOGICAL UN
Fourth Semester B.Tech Desree Examination June 2022 l9*
s##,,''
Course Code: ECT206
Course Name: COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE AI\D MICROCONTROLLERS
Max. Marks: 100 Duration: 3 Hours

PART A
(Answer all qaestions; eoch question carries 3 morks) Marks

I Di fferentiate between Von -Neumann and Harvard Arch itecture. (3)

2 Define Address bus, Data bus and Controlbus. (3)
a
J Draw and explain PSW of 8051 microcontroller. (3)
4 Write down the function of following instructions (3)
(a) ANL A,@Rr (b) RLC A (c) MOVX A,@Ro

5 What is constant in embedded C? (3)

6 Write an ALP to copy a block of 8 bytes of data to RAM locations starting at (3)
80H from RAM locations 20H.
7 What is the difference between a Timer and Counter? (3)
8 Explain the format of SCON Special Function Register. (3)
9 Define Virtualmemory. (3)
l0 Why does dynamic RAM need constant refreshing? How is this done? (3)

. PART B
(Aiswer one"full question from each module, each question conies 14 marks)

Module -1
II a) Explain Non-restoring division algoriinmWith an example. (8)
b) Explain Instruction Cycle with a sample timing diagram. (6)
12 a) Differentiate RISC and CISC Computer Architecture. (7)
b) How does a computer go from a set of stored instructions to running them? (7)
Module -2
13 a) Draw and explain the architecture of 8051 microcontroller. (9)
b) List the intemrpts available in the 8051 microcontroller. Explain IE and IP (5)
Specipl Function register.

Page 1 of 2
 020(rcEcT206052106

14, a) Explain. different Addressing Modes of 8051 Microcontroller with examples. (8)
b) Explain TCON and TMODtspecial function relister in 8051 Microcontroller. (6)
Module -3
15 a) Write an ALP to find the largest number in an array of l0 bytes, stored in the (6)
internal memory block starting with 2lH. Store the result at 50H.
b) Explain interfacing of stepper motor with microcontroller. Write an embedded C (8)
language program to rotate stepper motor in clockwise direction continuously in
full step mode.
16 a) Draw the block diagram to show how 8051 is connected to DAC 0808 at porr Pl. (S)
Write a program to generate Ramp signal.

,.
b) Write an 8051 C program to get a byte of data from Port Pr. If it is less than 100, (6)
send it to po; otherwise, send it to pz.

Module -4
l7 a) Draw and explain ARMT register architecture (7)
b) Write an ALP to generate a square wave of frequency l00KHz on pin PI.0, using (7)
Timer l-operating in mode 0. Assume Crystal frequency ll.0592MHz
18 a) Explain various System software. (8)
b) Write an embedded C program for the 8051 to transfer letter "A" serially at 9600 (6)
baud. continuouslv.

Module -5
19 a) Explain different mapping techniques in cache memory. (g)
b) Explain the Asynchronous input/output transfer with proper timing diagram. (6)
, 20 a) Explain the add4gss translation mechanism in Virtual Memory. (8)
b) Explain the working of DRAM and SRAM with neat diagram. .(6)
* rt*

Page2of 2