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George Geroulakos, MD, FRCS, DIC, PhD
President, Section of Vascular Medicine
Royal Society of Medicine
London, UK
and
Consultant Vascular Surgeon and Senior Lecturer
Department of Surgery
Charing Cross Hospital
London, UK
Hero van Urk, MD, PhD, FRCS
Professor of Vascular Surgery
Erasmus University Medical Center
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Robert W. Hobson II, MD
Professor of Surgery and Physiology
Director, Division of Vascular Surgery
UMDNJ-NJMS (University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey – New Jersey Medical School)
Newark, New Jersey, USA

Artwork or chapters marked with symbol throughout the book are original to the 1st edition
(Geroulakos G, van Urk H, Hobson II RW, Calligaro K. Vascular Surgery: Cases, Questions and
Commentaries, first edition. Springer London Ltd 2003) and are being republished in this second
edition.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Control Number: 2005932895
ISBN-10: 1-85233-963-2 e-ISBN 1-84628-211-x
ISBN-13: 978-1-85233-963-0
ISBN 1-85233-533-5 1st edition
Printed on acid-free paper.
© Springer-Verlag London Limited 2006
First published 2003
Second edition 2006

Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as
permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be repro-
duced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of
the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of
licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside
those terms should be sent to the publishers.
The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the
absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations
and therefore free for general use.
Product liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for information about drug dosage and
application thereof contained in this book. In every individual case the respective user must check
its accuracy by consulting other pharmaceutical literature.

Printed in China (EXPO/EVB)

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Springer Science+Business Media

springer.com
 This book is dedicated to the memory of
Polychronia Geroulakos, Senior Sister in the
Geroulakos Clinic in Sparta, Greece. For
almost 40 years she looked tirelessly after
the patients of this institution in an
exemplary manner leaving a legacy of
high standards.
 Union Européenne des Médecins Spécialistes
VASCULAR
S S

U.E. M.S. SECTION AND BOARD

OF VASCULAR SURGERY SURGERY

President of the Section of Vascular Surgery: F. Benedetti-Valentini President of the Board of Vascular Surgery: K. Balzer
Secretary / Treasurer of the Section and Board of Vascular Surgery: Vice President of the Board of Vascular Surgery:
M. Cairols A. Nevelsteen

Barcelona, March 2006

Vascular Surgery is a discipline that deals with one of the true plagues of the 20th
century. Moreover, atherothrombosis will continue to be the main cause of death in
the near future.
New developments in the investigation, and endoluminal treatment of vascular
disease have recently attracted significant publicity from the mass media and
patient groups, and have significantly changed the management of the vascular
patient.
The provision of a high quality vascular service is closely linked with the need to
give residents an appropriate training and to further introduce Vascular Surgery as
an outstanding specialty.
The book, “Vascular Surgery; Cases, Questions and Commentaries”, by
Mr. Geroulakos, Prof Hero van Urk and Dr. R W Hobson II, will indeed contribute
to a better understanding of Vascular Surgery as a specialty that deals with the
pathology of arteries, veins and lymphatics. The experience and the teaching capa-
bilities of the authors are unquestionable.
This book, being so comprehensive, enhances the idea of considering Vascular
Surgery as an independent entity from other specialties. Before achieving adequate
competence to deal with the variety of cases shown in the book, the need for an
appropriate training is obvious. Besides, the present text will help candidates to
better prepare for the EBSQ-Vasc examination. The book utilises a time proven
concept for teaching by questions and answers based on real problems, an essential
part of CME. The book proposes learning following the Socratic method, by exer-
cising our mind rather than reading told facts. On the other hand, it may improve
our clinical practice and care of our vascular patients, as it incites Continuous
Professional Development as a step forward in CME.
The European Board of Vascular Surgery congratulates the authors for their ini-
tiative and gladly endorses the book.

Marc Cairols
Secretary General
UEMS Section and Board of Vascular Surgery
Foreword to the First Edition

This book is rather unique among textbooks in vascular surgery. Most cover the
surgical management of vascular diseases, in whole or in part, in standard textbook
fashion, with the text organized to cover the topics methodically in a didactic
manner, and supported by tables, illustrations and references. Others have special
purposes, such as atlases on technique or algorithm based books on decision-
making. All have their place, but if the educational goals are training of the young
surgeon, self-assessment and continuing medical education for the practitioner or
preparation for oral examination, this book fills a special need, and fills it very well
by breaking away from the didactic approach.
It has long been recognized by educators that retention of knowledge, i.e. true
learning, are much better achieved using the Socratic method of questions and
answers, as opposed to simply reading or being told facts. In this book this
approach is developed and presented in a very effective manner. In each “chapter”,
one is presented with a case report representing a real life scenario. The case
reports-scenarios in this book together cover most of vascular surgery experience.
Following the case report, one is presented with questions and answers based on
various aspects of the case, forcing the reader to commit to an answer. Whether the
answer is right or wrong is not critical, in fact getting a wrong answer may be more
beneficial in terms of correcting knowledge and retaining information. The com-
mentary and conclusions that follow analyze the choice of answers, correct and
incorrect, and discuss them in concise, authoritative detail, many of which are truly
“pearls of information”. The conclusion then summarizes the current state of
knowledge on the clinical issues under consideration. Numerous references are
included. Together, these components constitute one of the most effective vehicles
for self-education in vascular surgery today. Importantly, all aspects of manage-
ment are covered: diagnostic evaluation and appropriate treatment, whether it is
non-operative or interventional, endovascular or open surgery.
To accomplish their goals the editors have gathered together a large number of
experienced contributors, many well-known for their special areas of interest within
vascular surgery, reflected in the contributions they make to this book. As such, the
book should be useful to future and practicing vascular surgeons all over the world.
It is full of statements covering most of the current state of knowledge in vascular
surgery, and it does so in an entertaining and effective manner.

Robert B. Rutherford MD, FACS, FRCS

Emeritus Professor of Surgery
University of Colorado

ix
Preface to the First Edition

This book is a unique collection of real life case histories written by experts that
highlight the diversity of problems that may be encountered in vascular surgery.
Each case scenario is interrupted by several questions that aim to engage the reader
in the management of the patient and to give him the opportunity to test his knowl-
edge. The comments reflect to as much as possible the principles of evidence based
medicine and provide the answers to the questions.
Several chapters are authored by individuals that contributed to the development
of innovations in the management and prevention of vascular disease and are of
interest for both the vascular trainee and the experienced vascular specialist.
The goal of this book is to help vascular trainees review for Board and other
examinations as well as to provide vascular surgeons who wish to expand or refresh
their knowledge with an update and interactive source of information relevant to
case scenarios that could be encountered in their practice.
The European Boards in Vascular Surgery is a relatively new examination.
Although the American Boards in Vascular Surgery were established many years
earlier, there are no “dedicated” guides to cover the needs of these examinations.
We hope that our book will provide a helpful hand that does not come from the
standard text books, but directly from daily practice and therefore contains a high
content of “how to do it” and “why we do it”. The references show the close relation
between daily practice and “evidence based” practice, and we hope the two are not
too different.

We would like to thank all the authors who have contributed generously their
knowledge and time to this project.

George Geroulakos
Hero van Urk
Keith D Calligaro
Robert Hobson II

xi
Preface to the Second Edition

The authors’ principal objective in the first edition of Vascular Surgery was the pre-
sentation of the principles of vascular and endovascular surgery through interactive
real life clinical scenarios. The success of the first edition has been gratifying. We
have received many suggestions for additions and changes from vascular trainees,
specialists, and teachers at various institutions in Europe, the United States, and
other parts of the world. These comments have been well received and have been
important in improving and expanding the second edition. We wish to acknowledge
our appreciation and gratitude to our authors and publishers.

George Geroulakos
Hero van Urk
Robert W Hobson II
London, Rotterdam, and New Jersey
March 2006

xiii
Contents

Contributors .................................................................................................................... xiii

I. ARTERIAL ANEURYSMS
1. Preoperative Cardiac Risk Assessment and Management of Elderly
Men with an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Don Poldermans and Jeroen J. Bax ........................................................................ 3
2. Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Jean-Pierre Becquemin and Alexandre d’Audiffret................................................ 13
3. Endoluminal Treatment of Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Hence J. M. Verhagen, Geoffrey H. White, Tom Daly and
Theodossios Perdikides ............................................................................................ 23
4. Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Jeffrey S. Weiss and Bauer E. Sumpio .................................................................... 35
5. Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Nicholas J. Morrissey, Larry H. Hollier and Julius H. Jacobson II ........................ 45
6. Aortic Dissection
Barbara T. Weiss-Müller and Wilhelm Sandmann .............................................. 57
7. Popliteal Artery Aneurysm
Jonathan D. Woody and Michel S. Makaroun ...................................................... 67
8. Renal Artery Aneurysm
Lutz Reiher, Tomas Pfeiffer and Wilhelm Sandmann .......................................... 73
9a. Anastomotic Aneurysms
William D. Neary and Jonothan J. Earnshaw ........................................................ 79
9b. False Aneurysm in the Groin Following Coronary Angioplasty
Steven S. Kang .......................................................................................................... 87

II. ACUTE ISCHAEMIA

10. Acute Thrombosis
Vikram S. Kashyap and Kenneth Ouriel ................................................................ 97

xv
xvi Contents

11. Arterial Embolism

Andre Nevelsteen .................................................................................................... 107
12. Blast Injury to the Lower Limb
Paul H. B. Blair, Adrian K. Neill and Christopher T. Andrews ............................ 115
13. Endoluminal Treatment of Traumatic Arteriovenous Fistula of the
Axillary Artery
Jonathan D. Woody and Rodney A. White ............................................................ 125

III. MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC ISCHAEMIA OF THE

LOWER EXTREMITIES

14. Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Peripheral Arterial Disease

Stella S. Daskalopoulou and Dimitri P. Mikhailidis ............................................ 133
15. Angioplasty for Critical Arterial Stenosis
Lars Norgren ............................................................................................................ 141
16. Lower Limb Claudication due to Iliac Artery Occlusive Disease
Fabien Koskas and Marcus J. Brooks...................................................................... 147
17. Erectile Dysfunction due to Aortic Disease
Ralph G. DePalma.................................................................................................... 157
18. Bypass to the Popliteal Artery
Jeannie K. Chang, Keith D. Calligaro and Matthew J. Dougherty........................ 161
19. Chronic Critical Limb Ischemia
Enrico Ascher and Anil P. Hingorani .................................................................... 167
20. Popliteal Artery Entrapment
Luca di Marzo and Norman M. Rich...................................................................... 173
21. Adventitial Cystic Disease of the Popliteal Artery
Bernard H. Nachbur and Jon Largiadèr ................................................................ 181
22. The Obturator Foramen Bypass
Andries J. Kroese and Lars E. Staxrud.................................................................... 191
23. Diabetic Foot
Mauri J. A. Lepäntalo, Milla Kallio and Anders Albäck ........................................ 201

IV. SURGERY OF THE MAJOR BRANCHES OF THE

INFRADIAPHRAGMATIC AORTA
24. Chronic Visceral Ischaemia
George Geroulakos and William L. Smead .............................................................. 215
25. Acute Mesenteric Ischaemia
Jonathan S. Refson and John H. N. Wolfe .............................................................. 221
26. Renovascular Hypertension
David Bergqvist and Martin Björck.......................................................................... 231
Contents xvii

V. MANAGEMENT OF PORTAL HYPERTENSION

27. Management of Portal Hypertension
Yolanda Y. L. Yang and J. Michael Henderson...................................................... 239

VI. MANAGEMENT OF EXTRACRANIAL

CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE
28. Management of Patients with Carotid Bifurcation Disease
Wesley S. Moore ...................................................................................................... 251
29. Carotid Endarterectomy and Cranial Nerve Injuries
Christos D. Liapis and John D. Kakisis .................................................................. 259
30. Paragangliomas of the Head and Neck
Johanna G. H. van Nes, Sylvia C. de Jong, Marc R. H. M. van Sambeek
and Hero van Urk .................................................................................................... 267
31. Vertebrobasilar Ischemia: Embolic and Low-flow Mechanisms
Ramon Berguer ........................................................................................................ 277

VII. NEUROVASCULAR CONDITIONS OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY

32. Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Richard J. Sanders .................................................................................................... 289
33. Thoracoscopic Sympathectomy
Samuel S. Ahn, Huck A. Mandel and Kyung M. Ro .............................................. 297
34. Acute Axillary/Subclavian Vein Thrombosis
Jarlis Wesche, Torbjørn Dahl and Hans O. Myhre ................................................ 305
35. Raynaud’s Phenomenon
Ariane L. Herrick .................................................................................................... 313

VIII. PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF COMPLICATIONS

OF ARTERIAL VASCULAR SURGERY
36. Aortofemoral Graft Infection
Christopher P. Gibbons ............................................................................................ 323
37. Aortoenteric Fistulas
David Bergqvist ........................................................................................................ 337

IX. VASCULAR ACCESS

38. The Optimal Conduit for Hemodialysis Access
Frank T. Padberg Jr, Robert W. Zickler and Joseph M. Caruso ............................ 345
39. Acute Ischaemia of the Upper Extremity Following Graft
Arteriovenous Fistula
Miltos K. Lazarides and Vasilios D. Tzilalis............................................................ 359
xviii Contents

X. AMPUTATIONS
40. Amputation in an Ischaemic Limb
Mohideen M. Jameel and Kingsley P. Robinson .................................................... 367
41. Congenital Vascular Malformation
Byung-Boong Lee .................................................................................................... 377

XI. MANAGEMENT OF VENOUS DISORDERS

42. Deep Venous Thrombosis
Fahad S. Alasfar, Dwayne Badgett and Anthony J. Comerota ............................ 395
43. Primary Varicose Veins
Michael Dialynas and Stephen G. E. Barker .......................................................... 403
44. Venous Ulcers Associated with Deep Venous Insufficiency
Seshadri Raju .......................................................................................................... 413
45. Venous Ulcers Associated with Superficial Venous Insufficiency
Gudmundur Danielsson and Bo Eklöf.................................................................... 423
46a. Iliofemoral Venous Thrombosis
William P. Paaske .................................................................................................... 433
46b. Iliofemoral Deep Venous Thrombosis (During Pregnancy)
Anthony J. Comerota .............................................................................................. 439

XII. LYMPHOEDEMA
47a. Management of Upper Extremity Lymphoedema with Microsurgical
Lymphovenous Anastomosis
Corradino Campisi and Francesco Boccardo ........................................................ 453
47b. Management of Upper Extremity Lymphoedema with Liposuction
Håkan Brorson ........................................................................................................ 465

Index .................................................................................................................................. 477

Contributors

Samuel S. Ahn, MD Jeroen J. Bax, MD, PhD

UCLA Gonda Vascular Center Department of Cardiology
Los Angeles, CA, USA Leiden University Medical Center
Leiden, The Netherlands
Fahad S. Alasfar, MD
Department of Surgery
Temple University Hospital Jean-Pierre Becquemin, MD
Philadelphia, PA, USA Department of Vascular Surgery
Hopital Henri Mondor
Anders Albäck, MD University Paris Val De Marne
Department of Vascular Surgery Paris, France
Helsinki University Central Hospital
Helsinki, Finland David Bergqvist, MD, PhD, FRCS
Department of Surgical Sciences
Christopher T. Andrews, MB ChB, Section of Surgery
FRCS University Hospital
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Uppsala, Sweden
Royal Victoria Hospital
Belfast, UK
Ramon Berguer, MD, PhD
Enrico Ascher, MD, FACS Department of Vascular Surgery
The Vascular Institute of New York® A. Alfred Taubman Health Care Center
Brooklyn, NY, USA University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Dwayne Badgett, MD
Department of Surgery Martin Björck, MD, PhD
Temple University Hospital Department of Surgery
Philadelphia, PA, USA University Hospital
Uppsala, Sweden
Stephen G. E. Barker, MB BS, BSc, MS,
FRCS
Academic Vascular Unit Paul H. B. Blair, MD, FRCS
Royal Free & University College London Vascular Surgery Unit
The Middlesex Hospital Royal Victoria Hospital
London, UK Belfast, UK

xix
xx Contributors

Francesco Boccardo, MD Anthony J. Comerota, MD, FACS

Professorial Unit of Medical Oncology Jobst Vascular Center
University and National Cancer Toledo, OH, USA
Research Institute
Genoa, Italy Torbjørn Dahl, MD
Department of Surgery
Marcus J. Brooks, MA, MD, FRCS University Hospital of Trondheim
Department of Vascular Surgery Trondheim, Norway
Charing Cross Hospital
London, UK Tom Daly, FRACS
Department of Vascular Surgery
Håkan Brorson, MD, PhD Royal Prince Alfred Hospital
The Lymphedema Unit Sydney, Australia
Department of Plastic and
Reconstructive Surgery Gudmundur Danielsson, MD, PhD
Malmö University Hospital Department of Vascular Diseases
Lund University Malmö University Hospital
Malmö, Sweden Malmö, Sweden

Stella S. Daskalopoulou, MSc, DIC, MD,

Keith D. Calligaro, MD
FASA
Section of Vascular Surgery
Department of Clinical Biochemistry
University of Pennsylvania Health
(Vascular Disease Prevention Clinics)
System
and
Pennsylvania Hospital
Department of Surgery
Philadelphia, PA, USA
Royal Free Hospital
Royal Free and University College
Corradino Campisi, MD School of Medicine
Lymphology and Microsurgery Centre London, UK
University School of Medicine and
Surgery Alexandre d’Audiffret, MD
Department of Specialist Surgical Morristown, TN, USA
Sciences
Anaesthesiology and Organ Transplants Ralph G. DePalma, MD, FACS
S. Martino Hospital Surgical Service
Genoa, Italy Department of Veteran Affairs
The Health Sciences
Joseph M. Caruso, MD Washington, DC, USA
Division of Vascular Surgery,
Department of Surgery Michael Dialynas, MS, FRCS
New Jersey Medical School Academic Vascular Unit
University of Medicine and Dentistry of Royal Free & University College London
New Jersey The Middlesex Hospital
Newark, NJ, USA London, UK

Jeannie K. Chang, MD Matthew J. Dougherty, MD

Section of Vascular Surgery Section of Vascular Surgery
University of Pennsylvania Health University of Pennsylvania Health
System System
Pennsylvania Hospital Pennsylvania Hospital
Philadelphia, PA, USA Philadelphia, PA, USA
Contributors xxi

Jonothan J. Earnshaw, MBBS, DM, Larry H. Hollier, MD

FRCS Louisiana State University Health
Department of Surgery Sciences Center
Gloucestershire Royal Hospital School of Medicine
Gloucester, UK New Orleans, LA, USA

Bo Eklöf, MD, PhD Julius H. Jacobson II, MD

John A. Burns School of Medicine Department of Surgery
University of Hawaii The Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Honolulu, HI, USA, and New York, NY, USA
University of Lund
Sweden Mohideen M. Jameel, MBBS, LRCP,
LRCS, FRCS, MSc, DIC
Wrightington, Wigan & Leigh NHS
George Geroulakos, MD, FRCS, DIC, Trust, and
PhD University of Central Lancashire
Department of Surgery Wigan, UK
Charing Cross Hospital
London, UK Sylvia C. de Jong, MD, PhD
Department of Surgery
Christopher P. Gibbons, MA, DPhil, Erasmus University Medical Centre
MCh, FRCS Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Vascular Surgery
Morriston Hospital John D. Kakisis, MD
Swansea, UK Vascular Unit, 3rd Department of
Surgery
J. Michael Henderson, MD Athens University Medical School
Division of Surgery Athens, Greece
Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Cleveland, OH, USA Milla Kallio, MD
Department of Vascular Surgery
Ariane L. Herrick, MD, FRCP Helsinki University Central Hospital
Rheumatic Diseases Centre Helsinki, Finland
University of Manchester
Hope Hospital Steven S. Kang, MD
Salford, UK South Miami Heart Center
South Miami Hospital
Miami, FL, USA
Anil P. Hingorani, MD
The Vascular Institute of New York® Vikram S. Kashyap, MD, FACS
Brooklyn, NY, USA Department of Vascular Surgery
The Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Robert W. Hobson II, MD Cleveland, OH, USA
Division of Vascular Surgery
University of Medicine and Dentistry of Fabien Koskas, MD
New Jersey – New Jersey Medical Division of Vascular Surgery
School CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière
Newark, NJ, USA Paris, France
xxii Contributors

Andries J. Kroese, MD, PhD Dimitri P. Mikhailidis, MD, FASA,

Oslo Centre of Vascular Surgery FFPM, FRCP, FRCPath
Aker University Hospital Department of Clinical Biochemistry
Oslo, Norway (Vascular Disease Prevention Clinics)
and
Jon Largiadèr, MD Department of Surgery
University Hospital of Zürich Royal Free Hospital
Zürich, Switzerland Royal Free and University College
School of Medicine
Miltos K. Lazarides, MD, EBSQvasc London, UK
Department of Vascular Surgery
Demokritos University Hospital Wesley S. Moore, MD
Alexandroupolis, Greece UCLA Division of Vascular Surgery
Los Angeles, CA, USA
Byung-Boong Lee, MD, PhD, FACS
Department of Vascular Surgery Nicholas J. Morrissey, MD
Georgetown University Hospital The Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Reston, VA, USA New York, NY, USA

Hans O. Myhre, MD, PhD

Mauri J. A. Lepäntalo, MD, PhD
Department of Surgery
Department of Vascular Surgery
University Hospital of Trondheim
Helsinki University Central Hospital
Trondheim, Norway
Helsinki, Finland
Bernard H. Nachbur, MD
Christos D. Liapis, MD, FACS, FRCS University of Berne
Department of Vascular Surgery Berne, Switzerland
Athens University Medical School
Laiko Peripheral General Hospital William D. Neary, MB ChB, MRCS
Athens, Greece Vascular Surgical Department
Gloucestershire Royal Hospital
Michel S. Makaroun, MD Gloucester, UK
Division of Vascular Surgery
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Adrian K. Neill, MRCS
Pittsburgh, PA, USA Department of Vascular Surgery
Royal Victoria Hospital
Huck A. Mandel, MS Belfast, UK
Division of Vascular Surgery
University of California Center for the Johanna G. H. van Nes, MD
Health Sciences Department of Surgery
Los Angeles, CA, USA Erasmus University Medical Centre
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Luca di Marzo, MD, FACS
Department of Surgery “Pietro Andre Nevelsteen, MD, PhD, FRCS
Valdoni” Department of Vascular Surgery
University of Rome “La Sapienza” University Hospital Gasthuisberg
Rome, Italy Leuven, Belgium
Contributors xxiii

Lars Norgren, MD, PhD, FRCS Jonathan S. Refson, MBBS, MS, FRCS
Department of Surgery Department of Vascular Surgery
Örebro University Hospital Princess Alexandra Hospital
Örebro, Sweden Harlow, UK

Kenneth Ouriel, MD Lutz Reiher, MD

Department of Vascular Surgery Klinik für Gefäßchirurgie und
The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Nierentransplantation
Cleveland, OH, USA Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf
Heinrich-Heine-Universität
Düsseldorf, Germany
William P. Paaske, MD, FRCS, FRCSEd,
FACS Norman M. Rich, MD, FACS
Department of Cardiothoracic and Department of Surgery
Vascular Surgery Uniformed Services University of the
Aarhus University Hospital Health Sciences (USUHS)
Aarhus, Denmark Bethesda, MD, USA

Frank T. Padberg Jr, MD Kyung M. Ro, MPh

Division of Vascular Surgery Division of Vascular Surgery
Department of Surgery University of California Center for the
New Jersey Medical School Health Sciences
University of Medicine and Dentistry of Los Angeles, CA, USA
New Jersey
Newark, NJ, USA Kingsley P. Robinson, FRCS
Centre for Biomedical Engineering
Theodossios Perdikides, MD University of Surrey
Vascular and Thoracic Surgery Guildford, UK
Department
Hellenic Air Force Hospital Marc R. H. M. van Sambeek, MD, PhD
Athens, Greece Department of Vascular Surgery
Erasmus University Medical Center
Tomas Pfeiffer, MD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Klinik für Gefäßchirurgie und
Nierentransplantation Richard J. Sanders, MD
Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf University of Colorado Health Sciences
Heinrich-Heine-Universität Center
Düsseldorf, Germany Denver, CO, USA

Wilhelm Sandmann, MD
Don Poldermans, MD, PhD Department of Vascular Surgery and
Department of Anaesthesiology Kidney Transplantation
Erasmus Medical Centre University Clinic of Düsseldorf
Rotterdam, The Netherlands Düsseldorf, Germany

Seshadri Raju, MD, FACS William L. Smead, MD

University of Mississippi Medical Division of General Vascular Surgery
Center Ohio State University
Flowood, MS, USA Columbus, OH, USA
xxiv Contributors

Lars E. Staxrud, MD Geoffrey H. White, MD

Oslo Centre of Vascular Surgery Endovascular Research Unit
Aker University Hospital Department of Surgery
Oslo, Norway University of Sydney
Sydney, NSW, Australia
Bauer E. Sumpio, MD, PhD
Department of Vascular Surgery Rodney A. White, MD
Yale University School of Medicine Department of Surgery
New Haven, CT, USA Harbor – UCLA Medical Center
Torrance, CA, USA
Vasilios D. Tzilalis, MD
Department of Vascular Surgery
General Military Hospital John H. N. Wolfe, MS, FRCS
Athens, Greece Regional Vascular Unit
St Mary’s Hospital
Hero van Urk, MD, PhD, FRCS London, UK
Department of Vascular Surgery
Erasmus University Medical Center Jonathan D. Woody, MD, FACS
Rotterdam, The Netherlands Division of Vascular Surgery
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
Hence J. M. Verhagen, MD, PhD Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Endovascular Program
University Medical Center-Utrecht
Utrecht, The Netherlands Yolanda Y. L. Yang, MD, PhD
Department of General Surgery
Jeffrey S. Weiss, MD Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Department of Vascular Surgery Cleveland, OH, USA
Yale University School of Medicine
New Haven, CT, USA Robert W. Zickler, MD
Division of Vascular Surgery
Barbara T. Weiss-Müller, MD Department of Surgery
Department of Vascular Surgery and New Jersey Medical School
Kidney Transplantation University of Medicine and Dentistry of
University Clinic of Düsseldorf New Jersey
Düsseldorf, Germany Newark, NJ, USA

Jarlis Wesche, MD, PhD

Department of Surgery
Akershus University Hospital
Lørenskog, Norway