se Cryptography 4 RK | ' 3:1 Tnteduction to Ceyptagraphy Terns 3-2» Substitution Aechnique = Caesar's Cipler [ModiFied — + Transposition Spa Siraple Columnar ar Trans pation B3 Steganogmphy — c = 3:4 Difference — Symmenic k. Baymmesic Cryplogeuety | aos -3:5__DES (Data Eoryption Standard) &¢__Digital See a ISM = Plain text also Known 94 cleartext mean )_anyane _____ Who _ee_Knows the language —con_easily read the mestage. i = The original ee Known as _Plain text _ ae B- ee fiers tgs cane opi Ha, =_Tt_\s_o_scrmmbled_version of plein text. a ~The coded weet mestage {3 knoan as. Ciplecterd Bei. cepa. i. =| Cryptography. icula ilnincl niawantla nr Aelereeme Oe uniting In secret message. os = ~ Tt keeps data sae during transfer. eee i _| Readable Gryplography Unseodable | eee a lemenage System Message eeBE iv. Cryptonalyis (REE geauaal ~The pmcess_of shying to__break aoa Cipher text Imessage to _obtalo~ the original message itself iS known ag epee {Sse : fracas | Readable = oe Message ne = oe ne . es GS ng — yee me apes ak Saag Cryptology f io eel This. “the art _ond science of Aransforming ceadable message 4z jwto Unreadable | sae and unreadable _ ( | | ~ Eneryptio is she pce of changing plin text in & cipher text ~Tt hides the real _ message Bra others. vii Deeryption So eee 4 = Decryption Ls the pmcest of changing cipher text int plain textTE # Cocsar Cipher Technique = Caesar clpher_technique *s_proposed by Julls Caesar T+ _is_one_of the farliert and simplest method of oe a Te 1s gle called ay _shift_ cipher / additi =£och letter in the spill aegh=1s ete alga tla a —_—_——_letlerr corresponding to a no-_of shifts in the Z alphabet ain pap ii = A_key _is_paovi else ejas serine it Oe ake the lettess ore chitled ( placa > forexample. _ =x aethe o shift OF vies io E> convert ComPUTER ENGINEERING” Plain eet -_ ___cipher text. - Aeon a nue GEEEIEFEREGEREE [elelr[s Fru cipher text [OTe [e [oly [a [se [e[m[n[o |p [o [s[t fol v iw [x vf KY |Z Y[z[a[e [cl Ploin Text - COMPUTER ENGINEERING Cipher Text — FRPSYWHU HOTLOHHULGTi Beto ~Read o& again column by _coluron accorelimes to a SEE ee eee _____eg:= Plaindext= "ALL Is WELL For Your Exava" _ Heya (nlo- of colurons). | pa ee ea eee 4 A es ce le 0mS | Rearrange the _ positions | of charucters without “HELLO” —>"LHOFL” Seana a ore = pieeusinn. [Uses a pattern or sequence _ for rearrangement = Stegauncely ic abe ack oud alenc? of hiding messages 2p that only -the sender and intended __= Tt is used +p keep message so and hidden from ____hackers or otinckers. = Th wadern steganography _, data is. usually screed pT icst then erabedded into Giles , special algorithms, ler like JPEGs using —1 Diagravs: Steqo~Koy Cover-Tmage mbedld: a) | Covermedia + Hidden eee stegp- Key > Stego medium Sea “is the Pile +e in einen eee the — doctors, uahich —anexy _Stego-key ~ The resul | earn ws + Hid _+ Putting copystght marks + Sendi len i I). Bdvontages ut Nou can hide secret mestages inside (mages or { othec wy files So no one even Know + Hidden restages * are harck to notice. no one dou it (Cover Media). | + Looks normal , {+4 ee inside a photo ate ) inside phsto and videos: + Hiding sensiive data in plain sight | also be encrypted using —_ tant Cle is _stego-mediun: tio __in_songs of movieo \ts there.u : L + Can hide only small ormount of dota » Expert hackers using Steqanalysis tools nay find hidden — deta + Specta\_soPtoare needed for hiding ond. extracting data Tip = Write Definitoo and diagrawn. with worl or Write Definition and advantages [discad vein tages for _Shoct note (both, will got noarks) Gmaris) 20a per trade) angwer 9 AOR 1G you want weile everything fe secaring — L 2-| Also knodn as Single key Known os Public _and Private 4 Teryprography key encryption: B-| Less Secuwity More Security 4-| Key sehould be agreed by No need +o agree on keys i botlh- sender and receiver. -| Simple to _iroplennent ord toi ot 0) compared - 6 | Gyr Data Eneryption Standard | Eq: Oigta\ Signoture 2) Mea oF fe g aoSRS [EET aaa 7 Qobinition : =e *Data Encryption Standard (pes) is a syrametyic block cipher. __ 4 «Tt a 64-bit plointert 4064 blebit cipher tert Wing oO bua bit ey + Out of Gh-bit key, 5b bis pre used ed for encryption, - stiaell reserved for erme detection. | ahile ZB bits oe res Aas —____ Step 1- Tnitial_Perroutation (re) sie eases te All The th-bit plaintext is rears using a fixed _patiern the split inte hoo S2-bit holes: Left Plain Text @ ooh se A ee Fe meg en Plain ext: 4 _ |Sepo= 16 Rounds af Enoyption + LPT and RPT go theough —\6-punds: with a new” 4oaeey 4Bbit subkey each round. : + Treluder key mixing = eee and _perroutetions: - Stepe3-Final_ Permutation (Fe) * The too halves are combimed back into 64 bits, then permuted again +o get the cipher textPlain Text (64 bits) Tyitial Permutation LeT RPT Fiat Keep REY Final Permutation 5 wounds | | Cipher Text Cc4bits) F $4 Key Trasformation So Span sion Perroutation SS) if $-Boy SubsW4tudion P-Box Permutation XOR and Soap aaunds fallow the same_§ steps7 pebciton: 4 18 digital _signarture is like an_elecharle_fingerpeint shot ____yerifies_the_authentiogity , integrity and origin of a digital _mes Toessage or atca wenn Tt _penves who sent the message and ensures it wasn't ii -ahered in -hronsit- 7 — ae hea be ee a 3 sty _ a Sates ‘repudl diation a { se 7 aig, eC as — it eee 1 Creation — _ zi _+ Create ore message digest ig ox hash aqui. par + Encrypt meSage digest wing the Private Key. 7 + Send ene sreryp ted 0 as ant Ahe_plain tect 40. the receiver: ees vee f Le Calerilate he: mo. OBA m: the pee Alain etre + Decrypt the received "encrypted. digest nae “senders Public Key. — | + Compare. the “tua chigest 0 s- an oe —{--. ——— SET ; [Te both match — Message is authentic |e rmaimateh > Message Noi been tampered ___7 Working “Diagrars s Private Hashing |» Saal / Key Function Not fuoctio Algor thene| Tasce a= Gen Gapeey ER ea ——-Step_2.=_Open the Alle _and enter message -to create geet ee el eee aa —__ Step 3 - Select Menu Digttal_signcrtute — Sign Ovcument.__ — Sep_4 = _Select_any Haul function and choo Private Key. ——Slep_5_= Entec PIN no._and Click on Sign _putton +o generate digital signature. A Péwortages, = + Fast document signinag (creation) and pscesting globally. + Reduces courier _and_papac_handling cost: + Reduces TiSkS_ tke intercephon s tampering during - trem transit + futheneticity Holds valid proot in legal_courts a + Signer connot deny signing a docamend.