ENGED 211 – Language Learning Materials Development

BSE-E 2 – TE21

Lesson Plan:
Definition,
Types, Format
and Examples

Prepared by:

Ethyl Grace Mejos Banal, LPT

NOTE: This is just a guide for you. If you want to widen your knowledge regarding
the format/s, do in-depth research of each.
➢ LESSON PLAN

▪ A lesson plan is a roadmap for teachers, outlining what students will

learn in a specific class session. It essentially functions as a guide
that breaks down the learning objectives, activities, and assessment
methods for a particular topic.

• Lesson plans can be categorized in a few ways, depending on their level

of detail or instructional approach. Here are some common types:

✓ By Detail:

o Detailed Lesson Plan: This is a comprehensive plan that outlines

everything a teacher will do during the lesson. It includes step-by-
step instructions for activities, specific questions to ask students,
and anticipated student responses.
o Semi-Detailed Lesson Plan: This provides a more flexible
structure, outlining the learning objectives, key activities, and
assessment methods. It allows for some improvisation on the
teacher's part.

✓ By Instructional Framework:

o Understanding by Design (UbD): This is a framework that

emphasizes backward planning. Teachers first identify what students
should understand by the end of the unit, then design assessments to
measure that understanding, and finally plan learning activities that
will help students achieve it.

✓ By Scope:

o Daily Lesson Plan: This focuses on the learning objectives and

activities for a single class session.
o Weekly Lesson Plan: This provides a broader overview of what
students will learn throughout a week, typically outlining daily
objectives and activities.
o Whole Unit Lesson Plan: This maps out the learning objectives,
activities, and assessments for an entire teaching unit, which could
span several weeks or months.

✓ By Subject or Grade Level:

o Subject-Specific Lesson Plan: This tailors the lesson to a particular

subject area, like math, science, or history.
o Grade-Specific Lesson Plan: This considers the developmental level
and learning needs of students in a specific grade.
 ➢ The Department of Education (DepEd) doesn't prescribe a single
mandatory format for lesson plans. However, there's a widely followed
structure that emphasizes clear learning objectives and engaging
activities. Here's a breakdown of the common elements:

I. Learning Objectives

• This section outlines what students are expected to achieve by the end of
the lesson.
• It often breaks down into three domains:
o Content Standards: These define the broader knowledge or skills
students will gain throughout the learning strand or subject.
o Performance Standards: These specify the specific skills students
will demonstrate after the lesson.
o Learning Competencies: These are the most granular objectives,
outlining the exact knowledge or skills students will acquire in the
particular lesson.

II. Content

• This section briefly describes the subject matter or key concepts covered
in the lesson.

III. Learning Resources

• This lists the materials and tools needed for the lesson, including
textbooks, handouts, worksheets, visual aids, or technology.

IV. Procedures

• This is the heart of the lesson plan, detailing the instructional activities
step-by-step.
o It's often divided into phases:
▪ Preparation/Motivation: This includes activities to capture
students' attention and introduce the lesson's topic.
▪ Presentation: This is where the teacher directly delivers the
content, like lectures, demonstrations, or discussions.
▪ Activity/Application: This involves engaging activities for
students to practice or apply what they learned.
▪ Assessment/Evaluation: This explains how the teacher will
measure student understanding. This may involve quizzes,
short answer questions, or tasks that demonstrate their
acquired skills.
▪ Enrichment/Assignment: This provides opportunities for
students to extend their learning beyond the lesson or
prepare for the next topic.
V. Remarks

• This section allows teachers to reflect on the lesson's effectiveness, note

any challenges or adjustments they might make for future deliveries, and
any other relevant observations.

VI. Reflection

• This is optional but allows for deeper reflection on the lesson's overall
impact on student learning.

Remember, this is a general format. Some teachers may include

additional sections or adapt it based on their teaching style or
subject requirements. You can find resources online that provide
DepEd-style lesson plan templates for your reference.
 ➢ TYPES OF LESSON PLAN FORMAT

▪ 5Es (Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, Evaluate)

The 5E instructional model is a popular framework for designing lessons that
promotes active learning and student engagement. It structures the lesson plan
around five phases, each with a specific purpose:

1. Engage (E):

• Goal: Capture student interest and activate prior knowledge related to

the topic.
• Activities: Brainstorming, demonstrations, thought-provoking
questions, puzzles, or multimedia presentations.

2. Explore (E):

• Goal: Students actively investigate the concept through hands-on

activities or experiments.
• Activities: Lab activities, simulations, experiments, research tasks, or
problem-solving exercises.

3. Explain (E):

• Goal: The teacher clarifies the key concepts explored in the investigation
and addresses any misconceptions.
• Activities: Teacher-led discussions, presentations, vocabulary
explanations, concept mapping, or short mini-lectures.

4. Elaborate (E):

• Goal: Students apply their understanding of the concepts in new

contexts or extend their learning.
• Activities: Open-ended activities, projects, case studies, debates,
creating models, or designing solutions to problems.

5. Evaluate (E):

• Goal: Assess student comprehension of the learned concepts and identify

areas that might need reinforcement.
• Activities: Quizzes, concept maps, presentations, exit tickets,
performance tasks, or self-reflection exercises.

Here are some benefits of using the 5E lesson plan:

 • Promotes Inquiry-Based Learning: Students are actively involved in the
learning process, fostering curiosity and critical thinking.
• Improves Knowledge Retention: Engaging activities and hands-on
experiences help students retain information more effectively.
• Develops Science Process Skills: The 5E model helps students hone
essential scientific skills like observation, data collection, analysis, and
communication.

While the 5Es provide a structure, it's flexible. You can adjust the time spent
on each phase depending on the lesson's complexity and student needs.

For the Example, refer to this link:

https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/eastern-visayas-state-
university/engineering-economy/5-es-detailed-lesson-plan/8813057

▪ 4As (Activity, Analysis, Abstraction, Application)

The 4As (Activity, Analysis, Abstraction, Application) is another framework for
designing lesson plans. It focuses on a logical progression of learning stages,
ensuring students not only grasp information but can actively use it. Here's a
breakdown of each stage:

1. Activity (A):

• Goal: Engage students in an activity related to the lesson topic.

• Activities: This could involve brainstorming sessions, games,
simulations, problem-solving tasks, experiments, or group discussions.
The activity should be thought-provoking and encourage interaction.

2. Analysis (A):

• Goal: Guide students to analyze their experiences from the activity and
identify key concepts or patterns.
• Activities: The teacher facilitates discussions, asks guiding questions, or
has students record their observations and share them with the class.
This stage helps students turn their experiences into concrete
understandings.
3. Abstraction (A):

• Goal: Help students extract the general principles or key ideas from the
analyzed information.
• Activities: The teacher plays a more prominent role in this stage,
presenting the core concepts, definitions, or rules that emerged from the
analysis. This might involve lectures, presentations, or summarizing key
points on the board.

4. Application (A):

• Goal: Provide opportunities for students to apply the learned concepts or

skills in new contexts.
• Activities: This could involve solving problems, creating projects, role-
playing scenarios, writing assignments, or designing solutions. The
application stage helps solidify understanding and allows students to see
the practical value of what they learned.

The 4As framework is versatile and can be adapted to various subjects and
grade levels. Here are some advantages of using the 4As:

• Promotes Active Learning: Students are actively involved throughout

the lesson, making connections and constructing knowledge.
• Develops Critical Thinking Skills: The analysis and application stages
encourage students to think critically, analyze information, and solve
problems.
• Enhances Knowledge Retention: By engaging in various learning
activities, students retain information more effectively.

It's important to remember that the 4As don't have to follow a strictly linear
order. Some lessons might integrate or revisit stages as needed to ensure
student understanding

For the Example, refer to this link:

https://www.coursehero.com/file/66731331/4As-Lesson-Plan-in-
Englishdocx/
 ▪ 3Is (Introduction, Interaction, Integration)
The 3Is (Introduction, Interaction, and Integration) lesson plan format is a
simple and straightforward approach, often considered ideal for new teachers
or for introducing new concepts. Here's a breakdown of the 3 stages:

1. Introduction (I):

• Goal: Capture student attention, activate prior knowledge, and introduce

the lesson's topic and learning objectives.
• Activities: This stage might involve brainstorming sessions, thought-
provoking questions, short presentations, demonstrations, visuals, or
activating prior knowledge through games or quizzes.

2. Interaction (I):

• Goal: This is the heart of the lesson where students actively engage with
the material.
• Activities: This can involve a variety of activities that promote
engagement and exploration, such as teacher-led discussions, group
work, problem-solving tasks, simulations, role-playing, hands-on
activities, or student presentations.

3. Integration (I):

• Goal: Solidify understanding, assess student learning, and connect the

learned concepts to real-world applications or future lessons.
• Activities: This stage might include summarizing key points, quizzes,
short assignments, projects, self-reflection exercises, or discussions that
encourage students to connect the learned concepts to broader contexts.

The 3Is format is beneficial for its simplicity and flexibility. Here are some
reasons why teachers might choose the 3Is:

• Easy to Use: The structure is clear and straightforward, making it

manageable for new teachers or for planning lessons quickly.
• Focus on Engagement: The emphasis on interaction ensures students
are actively involved in the learning process.
• Promotes Clear Objectives: The focus on introduction and integration
helps keep the lesson focused and ensures students understand the
learning goals.

While the 3Is offer a strong foundation, it's important to consider incorporating
assessment throughout the lesson, not just in the integration stage.
Additionally, depending on the subject and topic complexity, some lessons
might benefit from a more elaborate structure like the 5Es or 4As to ensure
deeper understanding.

For the Example, refer to this link:

https://www.coursehero.com/file/136668353/EED10-3Is-LESSON-
PLAN-CAINONGLJdocx/

▪ KWL (Know-What to Know-Learned)

The KWL chart, which stands for Know-Want to Know-Learned, is a graphic
organizer strategy used in lesson plans, not necessarily a complete lesson plan
format itself. It's a tool that helps students activate prior knowledge, set
learning goals, and reflect on what they've learned. Here's how it works in the
context of lesson plans:

1. K (Know):

• Before the Lesson: At the beginning of the lesson, students brainstorm

what they already know about the topic.
• Activity: The teacher can prompt students with questions or provide
activities to elicit their prior knowledge. This could involve discussions,
quizzes, or short writing prompts about the topic.

2. W (Want to Know):

• Before or During the Lesson: Based on the activated knowledge,

students identify what they want to learn about the topic.
• Activity: The teacher can guide students by asking questions like "What
are you curious about?" or "What questions do you have?". This helps
students develop clear learning goals.

3. L (Learned):

• After the Lesson: Once the lesson is complete, students reflect on what
they learned.
• Activity: This might involve summarizing key points, completing a
worksheet based on the learned information, creating a concept map, or
writing a short reflection about their learning experience.

Here's how the KWL chart benefits lesson planning:

 • Activates Prior Knowledge: By prompting students to think about what
they already know, the KWL chart helps connect new information to
existing knowledge.
• Sets Learning Goals: Identifying what they want to learn makes
students more invested in the lesson and helps them focus their
attention.
• Improves Retention: Reflecting on what they learned after the lesson
helps solidify understanding and knowledge retention.

The KWL chart can be integrated into various lesson plan formats, like the 3Is,
5Es, or 4As. Here are some ways to incorporate it:

• Before the Lesson: Use the KWL chart during the introduction stage
(3Is) to activate prior knowledge and set learning goals.
• During the Lesson: Refer back to the "Want to Know" section
throughout the lesson to address student questions and ensure the
content aligns with their learning interests.
• After the Lesson: Dedicate part of the integration stage (3Is) for
students to complete the "Learned" section of the KWL chart.

For the example, refer to this link:

https://www.eduref.org/lessons/language-arts/rdg0042

▪ KPUP (Knowledge, Process, Understanding,

Product/Performance)
KPUP stands for Knowledge, Process, Understanding, Product. It's a lesson
plan format commonly used in the Philippines' Department of Education
(DepEd) curriculum. Here's a breakdown of its elements:

I. Knowledge (K):

• This section outlines the specific content students are expected to learn
by the end of the lesson.
• It focuses on acquiring new information or refreshing prior knowledge
relevant to the topic.
• This could involve key concepts, facts, principles, or vocabulary terms.
II. Process (P):

• This section emphasizes the skills students will develop through the
lesson activities.
• It details the specific procedures, methods, or strategies students will use
to explore the content and deepen their understanding.
• This might involve activities like conducting experiments, analyzing data,
solving problems, participating in discussions, or creating presentations.

III. Understanding (U):

• This section focuses on analysis and application of the acquired

knowledge and skills.
• It prompts students to go beyond memorization and develop a deeper
comprehension of the concepts.
• This might involve activities like interpreting information, drawing
connections between ideas, formulating explanations, or making
predictions based on their learning.

IV. Product (P):

• This section outlines the tangible outcome or demonstration of student

learning.
• It's the evidence that shows what students can do with the acquired
knowledge and skills.
• Products can take various forms, such as written assignments, projects,
presentations, models, drawings, diagrams, or solutions to problems.

Here are some benefits of using the KPUP lesson plan format:

• Clear Learning Objectives: The structure promotes well-defined and

measurable learning goals across different domains (knowledge, skills,
application).
• Engaging Activities: The focus on process encourages student
participation and exploration through various activities.
• Deeper Understanding: The emphasis on understanding ensures
students go beyond memorization and develop critical thinking skills.
• Assessment-Oriented: The product component provides a clear way to
assess student learning and achievement of the lesson objectives.

It's important to note that KPUP is a flexible framework. Teachers can

adapt it based on the specific learning objectives, subject matter, and student
needs. Some lesson plans might include additional sections or slightly adjust
the terminology depending on the context.
 ▪ Direct Instruction
Direct instruction is a teacher-centered instructional approach where the
teacher explicitly presents information and guides students through the
learning process. It's a structured and well-organized method often used to
introduce new concepts or skills.

Here's a breakdown of the key elements of a direct instruction lesson plan

format:

I. Learning Objectives:

• This section clearly outlines what students are expected to achieve by the
end of the lesson.
• The objectives should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and
time-bound (SMART).

II. Materials:

• This lists all the resources needed for the lesson, including textbooks,
handouts, worksheets, visuals (charts, diagrams, pictures),
manipulatives, or technology tools.

III. Introduction (5-10 minutes):

• Engage: The teacher grabs students' attention and activates prior

knowledge related to the topic. This might involve thought-provoking
questions, a short video clip, a demonstration, or a brainstorming
activity.
• Present the Learning Objectives: Briefly explain what students will
learn in the lesson.

IV. Direct Instruction (20-30 minutes):

• Presentation: The teacher delivers the core content of the lesson in a

clear and concise manner. This might involve lectures, explanations,
demonstrations, or guided practice problems.
• Checking for Understanding: Throughout the presentation, the teacher
checks for student understanding by asking questions, using quizzes or
exit tickets, or having students summarize key points.

V. Guided Practice (15-20 minutes):

 • Modeling: The teacher models how to complete a task or apply the
learned concepts. This might involve working through a problem step-by-
step or demonstrating a skill.
• Gradual Release: The teacher gradually releases responsibility to
students as they practice. This could start with teacher-led practice
problems, then move to paired or small group work, and finally,
independent practice.

VI. Independent Practice (10-15 minutes):

• Application: Students apply the learned concepts and skills

independently. This could involve completing worksheets, solving
problems, writing assignments, or creating projects.

VII. Closure (5-10 minutes):

• Review: Briefly revisit the key points of the lesson and summarize the
learned material.
• Assessment: Assess student understanding through exit tickets, short
quizzes, or a quick discussion.
• Preview: Briefly introduce the topic for the next lesson to connect
learning experiences.

Here are some advantages of using the direct instruction lesson plan
format:

• Clear Structure: The step-by-step approach ensures clear delivery of

information and promotes student understanding.
• Effective for Core Concepts: It's well-suited for introducing
foundational knowledge and essential skills.
• Manageable for Teachers: The structure provides a clear roadmap for
teachers, especially those new to lesson planning.

However, it's important to consider these potential limitations:

• Teacher-Centered: Students might have fewer opportunities for active

participation and exploration.
• Limited Creativity: The structured approach might limit opportunities
for student creativity and critical thinking.
• Differentiation: Tailoring instruction to diverse learning styles might
require additional planning within the framework.

Overall, the direct instruction lesson plan format is a valuable tool for
educators, especially when introducing new concepts or building a strong
foundation of knowledge and skills.
 For the sample, refer to this link:
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/catanduanes-state-
university/college-of-education/direct-instruction-lesson-
plan/34851642

▪ Indirect Instruction
Indirect instruction, in contrast to direct instruction, is a student-centered
approach that emphasizes discovery and exploration of knowledge. The teacher
acts more as a facilitator, guiding students towards understanding through
engaging activities and thought-provoking questions. Here's a breakdown of the
key elements of an indirect instruction lesson plan format:

I. Learning Objectives:

• This section outlines the specific knowledge or skills students will gain
by the end of the lesson, similar to direct instruction.

II. Materials:

• This lists all the resources needed for the lesson, including materials for
activities, such as manipulatives, data sets, case studies, or technology
tools that support student exploration.

III. Introduction (5-10 minutes):

• Engage: The teacher grabs students' attention and activates prior

knowledge related to the topic. This might involve brainstorming
activities, thought-provoking questions, or presenting a puzzling scenario
related to the lesson content.
• Introduce the Learning Objectives (Optional): Unlike direct
instruction, the learning objectives might not be explicitly stated at the
beginning. The focus is on sparking curiosity and exploration, and the
objectives may become clearer as students delve into the activities.

IV. Activity/Exploration (20-30 minutes):

• Student-Centered Activities: This is the heart of the lesson where

students actively engage with the material through hands-on activities,
investigations, problem-solving tasks, simulations, group discussions, or
research projects. The teacher facilitates the process by providing guiding
questions, prompts, or resources.
V. Analysis/Discussion (15-20 minutes):

• Processing the Experience: The teacher guides students to analyze

their experiences from the activities. This might involve group
discussions, presentations of findings, or individual reflection prompts
that encourage students to identify key concepts, patterns, or
connections.

VI. Abstraction/Concept Development (10-15 minutes):

• Teacher Facilitation: The teacher plays a more prominent role in this

stage, helping students synthesize the information and develop a deeper
understanding of the underlying concepts or principles. This might
involve lectures, explanations, or summarizing key points based on
student discoveries during the exploration phase.

VII. Application/Extension (Optional):

• Connecting the Learning: Students can apply their newly acquired

knowledge and skills in new contexts. This could involve solving
problems, creating projects, role-playing scenarios, writing assignments,
or designing solutions.

VIII. Closure (5-10 minutes):

• Summary: Briefly revisit the key points of the lesson and summarize the
learned material.
• Assessment: Assess student understanding through discussions,
projects, short quizzes, or reflections on their learning experience.
• Preview (Optional): Briefly introduce the topic for the next lesson to
connect learning experiences.

Here are some advantages of using the indirect instruction lesson plan
format:

• Promotes Active Learning: Students are actively involved in the

learning process, fostering critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and
knowledge construction.
• Develops Higher-Order Thinking Skills: The emphasis on analysis,
discussion, and application encourages students to go beyond
memorization and develop a deeper understanding.
• Enhances Engagement and Motivation: The student-centered
approach fosters curiosity, exploration, and a sense of ownership over
learning.

However, there are also some potential challenges to consider:

 • Teacher Planning: Indirect instruction requires careful planning of
engaging activities and guiding questions to ensure students stay
focused and on track towards the learning objectives.
• Differentiation: Providing support and scaffolding for diverse learning
styles might require additional planning within the lesson framework.
• Time Management: Balancing the exploration phase with concept
development and assessment might require adjustments depending on
the complexity of the topic.

Overall, the indirect instruction lesson plan format is a valuable tool for
promoting active learning, critical thinking, and deeper understanding. It's
particularly effective for subjects that lend themselves well to exploration and
discovery.

▪ Semi-Detailed Lesson Plan

A semi-detailed lesson plan format acts as a roadmap for your teaching
session, outlining the key stages and activities but without going into minute-
by-minute detail. It provides a balance between the structured approach of a
detailed lesson plan and the flexibility needed for effective classroom
instruction. Here's a breakdown of the typical components of a semi-detailed
lesson plan:

1. Learning Objectives:

• This section clearly states what students are expected to achieve by the
end of the lesson.
• The objectives should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and
time-bound (SMART).

2. Materials:

• This lists all the resources needed for the lesson, including textbooks,
handouts, worksheets, visuals (charts, diagrams, pictures),
manipulatives, or technology tools.

3. Introduction (Estimated Time):

• This section outlines how you'll grab students' attention and activate
prior knowledge related to the topic.
• It might involve thought-provoking questions, a short video clip, a
demonstration, or a brainstorming activity.
 • The estimated time is a guide and may vary depending on your
execution.

4. Activities (Estimated Time):

• This is the heart of the lesson where students actively engage with the
material.
• It might involve a variety of activities like:
o Group discussions
o Problem-solving tasks
o Simulations
o Experiments
o Independent practice
o Guest speaker presentations (depending on the lesson)
• The estimated time allocation helps manage the flow of the lesson.

5. Explanation/Demonstration (Estimated Time):

• In this stage, you might take a more prominent role by:

o Explaining key concepts
o Providing clear instructions for activities
o Demonstrating skills or procedures
o Presenting information using visuals or technology
• The estimated time helps ensure you dedicate sufficient time for clear
explanations without overshadowing student engagement.

6. Assessment (Estimated Time):

• This section outlines how you'll gauge student understanding of the

learning objectives.
• It might involve:
o Exit tickets with short questions
o Quick quizzes
o Observations during activities
o Short reflections or writing prompts
• The estimated time ensures assessment doesn't eat into valuable activity
or explanation time.

7. Closure (Estimated Time):

• Briefly revisit the key points of the lesson and summarize the learned
material.
• This helps solidify understanding and connect learning experiences.
• The estimated time ensures a smooth transition to the end of the lesson.

8. Differentiation (Optional):
 • This section suggests strategies to cater to diverse learning styles and
student needs.
• This might involve:
o Providing graphic organizers for note-taking
o Offering tiered activities with different difficulty levels
o Scaffolding instruction for students who need additional support
o Providing enrichment activities for advanced learners

9. Extension Activities (Optional):

• These are optional activities that students can pursue to deepen their
understanding or explore the topic further.
• This might involve:
o Research projects
o Creative writing assignments
o Creating models or presentations

Benefits of a Semi-Detailed Lesson Plan Format:

• Clear Structure: Provides a roadmap for the lesson while allowing

flexibility.
• Focus on Learning Objectives: Ensures the lesson targets specific
learning goals.
• Engaging Activities: Encourages student participation and exploration.
• Assessment Integration: Allows for ongoing assessment of student
understanding.
• Teacher Adaptability: Provides a framework that can be adjusted based
on the classroom situation.

In essence, a semi-detailed lesson plan format offers a balance between

structure and flexibility, making it a valuable tool for planning effective and
engaging lessons.

For the sample, refer to this link:

https://www.coursehero.com/file/63282686/Semi-Detailed-Lesson-
Plandocx/

“Tell me and I forget, teach me and I may remember, involve me and I learn.”

— Benjamin Franklin