ĐỀ CHUẨN MINH HỌA SỐ 27 KỲ THI TỐT NGHIỆP TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG

Bài thi: NGOẠI NGỮ; Môn thi: TIẾNG ANH

Thời gian làm bài: 60 phút không kể thời gian phát đề
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Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation.
1. A. weather B. theme C. anthem D. thief
2. A. service B. device C. practice D. justice
Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress.
3. A. evolve B. protect C. argue D. resist
4. A. general B. popular C. interrupt D. dedicate
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
5. The man __________ to the policeman has just returned home from Paris.
A. talk B. talked C. talking D. talks
6. He finished the test__________ of all.
A. rapidly B. the most rapidly C. the most rapid D. more rapidly
7. They __________ our winter house by the time we __________from our summer house.
A. painted - had returned B. will have painted - return
C. will be painting - have returned D. have been painting - have returned
8. On their way to the station they were caught __________the rain and before long were wet through.
A. under B. with C. in D. out
9. He'd hardly finished doing his homework when you arrived, _______?
A. didn't he B. had he C. would he D. hadn’t he
10. Louis Pasteur is considered __________honour to the development of vaccines.
A. a B. an C. the D. Ø
11. Could you give me a rough __________of what the decoration job might cost?
A. estimate B. correlation C. account D. value
12. I can hear the sound of water dripping. Did you __________the bathroom tap?
A. put out B. turn off C. keep up D. hang on
13. It is unpleasant to wake up and hear the rain _________ on the windows.
A. beating B. is beating C. to beat D. beaten
14. I haven’t made up my mind about that issue; I’ll have to sit on the _________.
A. fence B. edge C. mountain D. eggshell
15. They didn’t see anyone while they __________home because it was raining.
A. were walking B. hadn’t walked C. didn’t walk D. weren’t walked
16. She __________her hands in horror at his suggestion that she should marry him.
A. broke up B. threw up C. brought up D. woke up
17. One of the men was lying on the ground after __________down by a piece of rock.
A. being knocked B. knocking C. having been knock D. having knocked
18. An individual has not started living until he can rise above the narrow confines of his __________ concerns to the
broader concerns of all humanity.
A. individual B. individualistic C. individualism D. individualize
19. Jimmy always takes the __________by the horns at every chance in order to become a famous pop star, which is
why he is so successful now.
A. bull B. horse C. cow D. buffalo
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s).
20. The chairman’s thought-provoking question ignited a lively debate among the participants in the workshop.
A. defined B. hosted C. triggered D. arose
21. I think Michael hit the nail on the head when he said that what is lacking in this company is the feeling of
confidence.
A. interpreted something indirectly B. described something unconsciously
C. said something correctly D. misunderstood something seriously
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s).
22. We should husband our resources to make sure we can make it through these hard times.
A. spend B. manage C. use up D. marry
23. He is very stubborn but flattery usually works like a charm on him.
A. is completely successful in B. takes effect C. turned out to be a disaster D. has no effect on
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best completes each of the following exchanges.
24. Claudia is being interviewed by the manager of the company she's applied for.
- Manager: “_______.”
- Claudia: "I work hard and I enjoy working with other people."
A. Can you do jobs on your own? B. Would you describe yourself as ambitious?
C. What are some of your main strengths? D. Why have you applied for this position?
25. Hana and Jenifer are talking about a book they have just read.
- Hana: “The book is really interesting and educational.”
- Jenifer: “_______.”
A. Don’t mention it B. That’s nice of you to say so. C. I’d love it. D. I couldn’t agree more.
Mark A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
26. By the turn of the century, most of the inventions that were to bring in all the comforts of modern living have
already been thought of.
A. By the turn of B. that C. were to D. have already been
27. Nero Claudius Caesar, to please themselves, killed his mother, his brother, and all his advisers, and finally killed
himself out of self-love.
A. themselves B. his mother C. his advisers D. himself
28. Drawing on her own experience in psychology, the writer successfully portrayed a volatile
character with dramtic alternatives of mood.
A. in psychology B. portrayed C. character D. dramatic alternatives
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
29. It’s almost nine months since I stopped subscribing to that magazine.
A. I have subscribed to that magazine for almost nine months.
B. I have subscribed to that magazine almost nine months ago.
C. I cancelled my subscription to that magazine almost nine months ago.
D. I have subscribed to that magazine for almost nine months, but now I stopped.
30. "Good luck in your new job. It will work out well for you," said his mother.
A. His mother wished him good luck and said his new job would work out well for him.
B. His mother wanted him to get good luck in his new job as it would work out well for him.
C. His mother wondered whether he got luck in his job or it would work out well for him.
D. His mother ascertained that his new job would work out well for him and bring him luck.
31. It was wrong of you not to ask your parents’ permission before deciding to quit your job.
A. You must have asked your parents’ permission before deciding to quit your job.
B. You might have asked your parents’ permission before deciding to quit your job.
C. You had to have asked your parents’ permission before deciding to quit your job.
D. You should have asked your parents’ permission before deciding to quit your job.
Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
32. She didn’t stop her car because she didn’t see the signal.
A. If she saw the signal, she would stop her car.
B. If she had seen the signal, she would stop her car.
C. If she had seen the signal, she would have stopped her car.
D. If she saw the signal, she would have stopped her car.
33. Olga was about to say something about the end of the movie. He was stopped by his friends right then.
A. Hardly had Olga intended to say something about the end of the movie when he was stopped by his friends.
B. Only after Olgahad said something about the end of the movie was he stopped by his friends.
C. Were it not for Olga’s intension of saying something about the end of the movie, he would not be stopped by his
friends.
D. It was not until Olga was stopped by his friends that he started to say something about the end of the movie.
Read the passage and mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits eachblanks.
Sir Isaac Newton, the English scientist and mathematician, was one of the most important figures of the 17th century
scientific revolution. One of his greatest achievement was the (34) _______ of the three laws of motion, which are still
used today. But he also had a very unusual personality. Some people would say he was actually insane.
His father died before he was born, and his mother soon remarried. The young Isaac hated his stepfather so much that
he once (35) _______ to burn his house down - when his stepfather and mother were still inside! Fortunately he did not,
and he went on to graduate from Cambridge without being thrown into prison.
Isaac's first published work was a theory of light and color. When another scientist wrote a paper criticizing this theory,
Isaac flew into an uncontrollable rage. The scientist responsible for the criticism was a man called Robert Hooke. He
was head of the Royal Society, and one of the most respected scientists in the country. (36) _______, this made no
difference to Isaac, (37) _______ refused to speak to him for over a year.
The simple fact was that Isaac found it impossible to have a calm discussion with anyone. As soon as someone said
something that he disagreed with, he would lose his temper. For this reason he lived a large part of his life isolated from
(38) _______ scientists. It is unlikely that many of them complained.
(Source: https://www.biography.com/scientist/isaac-newton)
34. A. discovery B. research C. findings D. inventions
35. A. shouted B. frightened C. threatened D. warned
36. A. Although B. However C. Despite D. What is more
37. A. who B. that C. which D. whom
38. A. others B. the others C. another D. other
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the question.
Called the ‘Red Planet,’ Mars is roughly half the size of Earth, and one of our closest neighboring planets. Though Mars
is the most Earth-like of any other planet, the two are still worlds apart. Living on Mars has been the stuff of science
fiction for decades. However, can humans really live on Mars? Will it ever be possible or safe? NASA (the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration) hopes to find out. NASA researchers on Earth are conducting several
experiments together with the International Space Station (ISS) to study the health and safety issues that may tell us if
life on Mars is possible.
Food and oxygen would be the main necessities for travelers living extended periods on Mars. The need to grow plants,
which provide both food and oxygen, would be a key. But the decreased gravity and low atmospheric pressure
environment of the planet will stress the plants and make them hard to grow. However, space station crews are growing
plants in controlled environments in two of the station’s greenhouses. They take care of the plants, photograph them,
and collect samples to be sent back to Earth. Researchers then use the data to develop new techniques that will make it
possible to grow plants successfully in space.
Another concern for space travelers is the health hazards posed by the effect of space radiation on humans. A spacecraft
traveling to Mars would be exposed to large amounts of radiation. Since human exposure to such intense radiation would
mean certain death, the spacecraft used for such travel would have to protect the humans on the inside of the craft from
exposure. Researchers are using special machines inside the crew areas of the International Space Station to carefully
watch radiation levels. NASA scientists, who have maintained radiation data since the beginning of human space flight,
continue to learn about the dangers it poses. Researchers use the station to test materials that could be used in making a
spacecraft that could successfully travel to Mars.
Will it ever be safe for humans to live on Mars? It is still too early to say. But thanks to the dedicated researchers of
NASA and the results of ISS experiments, we are getting closer to knowing every day.
(Adapted from “Select Readings –Intermediate Tests” by Linda Lee and Erik Gundersen)
39. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The potential of Mars. B. Life on Mars. C. The experiments on Mars. D. The pressure on Mars.
40. What does the word “they” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. space station crews B. plants C. environments D. station’s greenhouses
41. As mentioned in paragraph 2, why can’t people grow plants successfully in space?
A. Because there is a lack of food and oxygen on Mars.
B. Because there aren’t enough station’s greenhouses to control the environments.
C. Because of the reduced gravity and low atmospheric pressure environment.
D. Because of the shortage of new techniques.
42. The word “hazards” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _______.
A. dangers B. problems C. diseases D. symptoms
43. According to paragraph 3, which of the following is the demand for manufacturing spacecrafts travelling to Mars?
A. They must contain special machines inside to watch radiation levels.
B. They have to be made from special materials which are light and safe for travelling.
C. They have to maintain radiation data from the beginning of human space flight inside.
D. They have to protect travelers from radiation exposure effectively.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the question.
The Trump campaign ran on bringing jobs back to American shores, although mechanization has been the biggest reason
for manufacturing jobs’ disappearance. Similar losses have led to populist movements in several other countries. But
instead of a pro-job growth future, economists across the board predict further losses as AI, robotics, and other
technologies continue to be ushered in. What is up for debate is how quickly this is likely to occur.
Now, an expert at the Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania is ringing the alarm bells.
According to Art Bilger, venture capitalist and board member at the business school, all the developed nations on earth
will see job loss rates of up to 47% within the next 25 years, according to a recent Oxford study. “No government is
prepared,” The Economist reports. These include blue and white collar jobs. So far, the loss has been restricted to the
blue collar variety, particularly in manufacturing.
To combat “structural unemployment” and the terrible blow, it is bound to deal the American people, Bilger has formed
a nonprofit called Working Nation, whose mission it is to warn the public and to help make plans to safeguard them
from this worrisome trend. Not only is the entire concept of employment about to change in a dramatic fashion, the
trend is irreversible. The venture capitalist called on corporations, academia, government, and nonprofits to cooperate
in modernizing our workforce.
To be clear, mechanization has always cost us jobs. The mechanical loom, for instance, put weavers out of business.
But it also created jobs. Mechanics had to keep the machines going, machinists had to make parts for them, and workers
had to attend to them, and so on. A lot of times those in one profession could pivot to another. At the beginning of the
20th century, for instance, automobiles were putting blacksmiths out of business. Who needed horseshoes anymore?
But they soon became mechanics. And who was better suited?
Not so with this new trend. Unemployment today is significant in most developed nations and it’s only going to get
worse. By 2034, just a few decades, mid-level jobs will be by and large obsolete. So far the benefits have only gone to
the ultra-wealthy, the top 1%. This coming technological revolution is set to wipe out what looks to be the entire middle
class. Not only will computers be able to perform tasks more cheaply than people, they’ll be more efficient too.
Accountants, doctors, lawyers, teachers, bureaucrats, and financial analysts beware: your jobs are not safe. According
to The Economist, computers will be able to analyze and compare reams of data to make financial decisions or medical
ones. There will be less of a chance of fraud or misdiagnosis, and the process will be more efficient. Not only are these
folks in trouble, such a trend is likely to freeze salaries for those who remain employed, while income gaps only increase
in size. You can imagine what this will do to politics and social stability.
(Source: https://bigthink.com/)
44. Which of the following could be the main idea of the passage?
A. Many jobs will disappear in the future.
B. AI will replace the workers’ positions in almost jobs.
C. Manufacturing jobs are predicted to be the first ones to disappear.
D. Changing jobs is not a new trend in the future.
45. The word “irreversible” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _______.
A. impermanent B. remediable C. reparable D. unalterable
46. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about jobs in the future?
A. AI, robots and technologies continuously used will put more laborers out of their jobs.
B. Every country has applied many policies to prepare for the massive loss of jobs in the next 25 years.
C. Many different organizations are called to cooperate in renovating the workforce.
D. Working Nation is an organization founded to warn the public and make plans to save people from job loss.
47. According to paragraph 4, what is the advantage of mechanization?
A. Although mechanization drives people out of work, it also creates more jobs.
B. People can change their jobs to be more suitable with the society.
C. People will no longer need the useless like horseshoes.
D. Workers will spend less time on manufacturing with the help of machines.
48. The word “obsolete” in paragraph 5 could be best replaced by _______.
A. outdated B. modern C. fashionable D. adventurous
49. What does the word “they” in paragraph 5 refer to?
A. people B. tasks C. computers D. the entire middle class
50. Why does the author mention in the last paragraph that accountants, doctors, lawyers, teachers, bureaucrats, and
financial analysts are not safe jobs?
A. Because they are easy to make mistakes or misdiagnosis in doing their jobs.
B. Because the salaries paid for these jobs may be frozen in the future.
C. Because computers are likely to analyze and process a great amount of data with high accuracy.
D. Because these jobs directly influence politics and social stability.

ĐỀ CHUẨN MINH HỌA SỐ 28 KỲ THI TỐT NGHIỆP TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG
Bài thi: NGOẠI NGỮ; Môn thi: TIẾNG ANH
Thời gian làm bài: 60 phút không kể thời gian phát đề
-------------------------
Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation.
1. A. thorough B. through C. rhythm D. threaten
2. A. academic B. climate C. technique D. achieve
Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress.
3. A. deploy B. maintain C. argue D. attain
4. A. benefit B. pesticide C. cinema D. aquatic
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
5. The fifth man ____________ was entirely unsuitable.
A. interviewed B. interviewing C. to be interviewed D. was interviewed
6. They are _________ my other neighbors.
A. more friendlier than B. friendly than C. friendlier than D. more friendly than
7. He will go home ____________.
A. before he has finished his work B. after he has finished his work
C. as soon as he had finished his work D. until he finished his work
8. Doctors advise people who are deficient __________Vitamin C to eat more fruit and vegetables.
A. in B. of C. from D. for
9. It seems that you are responsible for that mistake, __________?
A. aren’t you B. are you C. isn’t it D. is it
10. Did you read __________ book I lent you __________ last week.
A. the/the B. a/ Ø C. a/a D. the/ Ø
11. The company's advertising campaign was a __________failure - it didn't attract a single new customer.
A. miraculous B. spectacular C. wonderful D. unprecedented
12. Beaches were __________ as police searched for canisters of toxic waste from the damaged ship.
A. cut off B. sealed off C. washed up D. kept out
13. He keeps __________ me that it was an accident.
A. to tell B. tell C. telling D. told
14. Having three sons under the age of five keeps Jana on her __________.
A. knees B. feet C. toes D. Legs
15. He __________ a terrible accident while he __________along Ben Luc Bridge.
A. see - am walking B. saw - was walking C. was seeing - walked D. have seen - were walking
16. I want to study hard so that I can __________ pace with my classmates.
A. keep B. take C. get D. crab
17. The old woman still recalls clearly __________ by her teacher when she was late on her first day at school.
A. to be criticized B. to have criticized C. being criticized D. criticizing
18. Urbanization has resulted in __________ problems besides the benefits.
A. vary B. various C. variety D. variability
19. Mr John is held in high __________ for his dedication to the school.
A. respect B. esteem C. homage D. honor
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s).
20. I am now reconciled with two of my estranged siblings - not just my older brother, but my sister, whom I hadn't
spoken to for 17 years.
A. contactable B. harmonized C. opposed D. truthful
21. He sank into deep despair when he lost his job.
A. became very enjoyable B. became very unhappy C. was delighted D. burst into tears
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s).
22. It is undeniable that instrument innovations hit the right note in 2013 with the 3D-printed guitar, the AT-200
guitar, the seaboard grand and the wheel harp.
A. growth B. modernization C. revolution D. stagnation
23. I heard it through the grapevine that they were enemies and had never been on good terms.
A. gave it the low-down B. put it in the picture C. heard it straight from the horse’s mouth D. kept it in the loop
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best completes each of the following exchanges.
24. Ella is asking Eric about self-study.
- Ella: “Do you think people with self-education can succeed nowadays?”
- Eric: “_______ because they tend to be very independent and self-disciplined.”
A. I’m not so sure about that B. That’s what I was thinking
C. It’s out of the question D. I don’t think it’s right
25. Mai and Huong are at the café. They are chatting about a healthy diet.
- Mai: “Do you know an apple a day can help you keep fit, build healthy bones and prevent disease like cancer?”
- Huong: “Wow! _______.”
A. I would love to B. It's a good idea C. That's incredible D. You must like apple
Mark A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.
26. I have lived in this city for 15 years. My family had moved here when I was 10 years old.
A. have lived B. had moved C. here D. was
27. Food prices have risen so rapidly in the past few months that some families have been forced to alter his eating
habits.
A. risen so rapidly B. that C. forced D. his eating habits
28. From time memorial, cities have been the central gathering places of human life, from where the great ideas and
movements of the world have sprouted.
A. memorial B. have been C. gathering D. from where
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.
29. It is over twenty years since I last got in touch with them.
A. I can’t help keeping getting in touch with them for over 20 years.
B. I haven’t gotten in touch with them for over 20 years.
C. I used to get in touch with them for over 20 years.
D. I have been getting in touch with them for over 20 years.
30. “Do homework now or I'll cut your pocket money!” shouted the mum to her son.
A. The mum threatened to cut his pocket money if her son didn't do homework.
B. The mum said that she would cut his pocket money if her son didn't do homework.
C. The mum told her son that she would cut his pocket money if he didn't do homework.
D. The mum informed her son that she would cut his pocket money if he didn't do homework.
31. It was wrong of you not to show any concern for her mom's health.
A. You should show concern for her mom's health.
B. You should have shown concern for her mom's health.
C. It was wrong that you showed concern for her mom's health.
D. You shouldn't have shown any concern for her mom's health.
Mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
32. His flight was delayed so he couldn’t be here on time.
A. He would be here in time if his flight were not delayed.
B. He would have been here in time if his flight hadn’t been delayed.
C. He would be here in time if his flight hadn’t been delayed.
D. He would have been here in time if his flight weren’t delayed.
33. As soon as James started working, he realized that his decision had not been a good one.
A. Just before James took up his new post, he realized that he was not suited for it.
B. No sooner had James begun his new job than he knew his decision was wrong.
C. Had James not begun his new job, he would have gone looking for a better one.
D. Since James did not like his new job, he began looking for a better one.
Read the passage and mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each the blanks.
The tradition of gift giving is a worldwide (34) __________that is said to have been around since the beginning of
human beings. Over time, different cultures have developed their own gift giving customs and traditions.
In France, the gift of wine for the hostess of a dinner party is not an appropriate gift as the hostess would prefer to
choose the vintage for the night. In Sweden, a bottle of wine or flowers are an appropriate gift for the hostess. In Viet
Nam, a gift of whisky is appropriate for the host, and some fruit or small gifts for the hostess, children or elders of the
home. Besides, gifts should never be wrapped in black paper because this color is unlucky and associated with funerals
in this country. Gifts (35) __________symbolize cutting such as scissors, knives and other sharp objects should be
avoided because they mean the cutting of the relationship. Also, in some countries you should not open the gift in front
of the giver and in (36) __________it would be an insult if you did not open the gift.
Beyond the gift itself, give careful consideration to the manner in which it is presented. Different cultures have
different customs regarding how a gift should be offered - using only your right hand or using both hands, (37)
__________. Others have strong traditions related to the appropriate way to accept a gift. In Singapore, for instance, it
is the standard to graciously refuse a gift several times before finally accepting it. The recipient would never unwrap a
gift in front of the giver for fear of appearing greedy.
Understanding these traditions and customs, as well as taking time to choose an appropriate gift, will help you to
avoid any awkwardness or (38) __________as you seek to build a better cross-cultural relationship.
(Source: http://www.giftypedia.com/International_Gift_Customs)
34. A. exercise B. practice C. work D. task
35. A. what B. that C. where D. who
36. A. others B. other C. the others D. the other
37. A. yet B. instead C. though D. for example
38. A. embarrassment B. enjoyment C. appearance D. confidence
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the answer to each of the question.
One way of training for your future occupation in Germany is by pursuing a dual vocational training program. Such
programmes offer plenty of opportunity for on-the-job training and work experience. Programmes usually last between
two and three and a half years and comprise theoretical as well as practical elements. You will spend one or two days a
week, or several weeks at once, at a vocational school where you will acquire the theoretical knowledge that you will
need in your future occupation. The rest of the time will be spent at a company. There you get to apply your newly
acquired knowledge in practice, for example by learning to operate machinery. You will get to know what your company
does, learn how it operates and find out if you can see yourself working there after completing your training.
This combination of theory and practice gives you a real head start into your job: by the time you have completed
your training, you will not only have the required technical knowledge, but you will also have hands-on experience in
your job. There are around 350 officially recognized training programmes in Germany, so chances are good that one of
them will suit your interests and talents. You can find out which one that might be by visiting one of the jobs and
vocational training fairs which are organized in many German cities at different times in the year.
 Employment prospects for students who have completed a dual vocational training program are very good. This is
one of the reasons why this kind of training is very popular with young Germans: around two thirds of all students
leaving school go on to start a vocational training program.
(Source: http ://www. make-it-in-Germany. com)
39. How many German school leavers choose this vocational training program?
A. around one out of five B. about 70% C. less than a third D. well over 75%
40. The word “it” in the first paragraph refers to _______.
A. organization B. machinery C. knowledge D. company
41. Which of the following statements best describes the dual vocational training programmes?
A. These programmes provide you with both theoretical knowledge and practical working experience.
B. These programmes consist of an intensive theoretical course of two and a half years at a vocational school.
C. These programmes require you to have only practical working time at a certain company.
D. These programmes offer you some necessary technical skills to do your future job.
42. The word “hands-on” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to _______.
A. practical B. technical C. theoretical D. integral
43. Which of the following is probably the best title of the passage?
A. Employment Opportunities and Prospects in Germany
B. Dual Vocational Training System in Germany
C. Combination of Theory and Practice in Studying in Germany
D. Higher Education System in Germany
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the answer to each of the question.
The Trump campaign ran on bringing jobs back to American shores, although mechanization has been the biggest
reason for manufacturing jobs’ disappearance. Similar losses have led to populist movements in several other countries.
But instead of a pro-job growth future, economists across the board predict further losses as AI, robotics, and other
technologies continue to be ushered in. What is up for debate is how quickly this is likely to occur.
Now, an expert at the Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania is ringing the alarm bells.
According to Art Bilger, venture capitalist and board member at the business school, all the developed nations on earth
will see job loss rates of up to 47% within the next 25 years, according to a recent Oxford study. “No government is
prepared,” The Economist reports. These include blue and white collar jobs. So far, the loss has been restricted to the
blue collar variety, particularly in manufacturing.
To combat “structural unemployment” and the terrible blow, it is bound to deal the American people, Bilger has
formed a nonprofit called Working Nation, whose mission it is to warn the public and to help make plans to safeguard
them from this worrisome trend. Not only is the entire concept of employment about to change in a dramatic fashion,
the trend is irreversible. The venture capitalist called on corporations, academia, government, and nonprofits to
cooperate in modernizing our workforce.
To be clear, mechanization has always cost us jobs. The mechanical loom, for instance, put weavers out of business.
But it also created jobs. Mechanics had to keep the machines going, machinists had to make parts for them, and workers
had to attend to them, and so on. A lot of times those in one profession could pivot to another. At the beginning of the
20th century, for instance, automobiles were putting blacksmiths out of business. Who needed horseshoes anymore?
But they soon became mechanics. And who was better suited?
Not so with this new trend. Unemployment today is significant in most developed nations and it’s only going to
get worse. By 2034, just a few decades, mid-level jobs will be by and large obsolete. So far the benefits have only gone
to the ultra-wealthy, the top 1%. This coming technological revolution is set to wipe out what looks to be the entire
middle class. Not only will computers be able to perform tasks more cheaply than people, they’ll be more efficient too.
Accountants, doctors, lawyers, teachers, bureaucrats, and financial analysts beware: your jobs are not safe.
According to The Economist, computers will be able to analyze and compare reams of data to make financial decisions
or medical ones. There will be less of a chance of fraud or misdiagnosis, and the process will be more efficient. Not
only are these folks in trouble, such a trend is likely to freeze salaries for those who remain employed, while income
gaps only increase in size. You can imagine what this will do to politics and social stability.
(Source: https://bigthink.com/)
44. Which of the following could be the main idea of the passage?
A. Many jobs will disappear in the future.
B. AI will replace the workers’ positions in almost jobs.
C. Manufacturing jobs are predicted to be the first ones to disappear.
D. Changing jobs is not a new trend in the future.
45. It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that “blue and white collar jobs” are related to ____________.
A. people whose uniforms’ colors are blue and white.
B. people who are distinguished by the colors of their collars.
C. people who do physical work in industry and who work in an office.
D. people (mainly women) who do low-paid jobs, for example in offices and restaurants.
46. The word “irreversible” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ___________.
A. impermanent B. remediable C. reparable D. unalterable
47. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about jobs in the future?
A. AI, robots and technologies continuously used will put more laborers out of their jobs.
B. Every country has applied many policies to prepare for the massive loss of jobs in the next 25 years.
C. Many different organizations are called to cooperate in renovating the workforce.
D. Working Nation is an organization founded to warn the public and make plans to save people from job loss.
48. The word “obsolete” in paragraph 5 could be best replaced by __________.
A. outdated B. modern C. fashionable D. adventurous
49. What does the word “they” in paragraph 5 refer to?
A. people B. tasks C. computers D. the entire middle class
50. Why does the author mention in the last paragraph that accountants, doctors, lawyers, teachers, bureaucrats, and
financial analysts are not safe jobs?
A. Because they are easy to make mistakes or misdiagnosis in doing their jobs.
B. Because the salaries paid for these jobs may be frozen in the future.
C. Because computers are likely to analyze and process a great amount of data with high accuracy.
D. Because these jobs directly influence politics and social stability.