A

Project Report On

SOLAR AGRICULTURE SPRAYER VEHICLE

For partial fulfilment of Diploma in
Engineering from
Gujarat Technological University

SUBMITTED BY:-

Sachin Chovisa 206330319027

Nikunj Shrimali 206330319040
Tirth Patel 206330319050

UNDER GUIDANCE OF:-

Mr. Ajay Gupta

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

L.J. POLYTECHNIC, AHMEDABAD

YEAR (2022-23)
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the work embodied in Project-I (3351908) entitled “Solar
Agriculture Sprayer Vehicle” was carried out by Sachin Chovisa.
(206330319027) studying at L. J. Polytechnic, Ahmedabad (633) for the partial
fulfillment of Diploma Engineering to be awarded by Gujarat Technological
University.

Date:

Place:

Signature & Name of Guide Signature & Name of H.O.D.

Seal of Institute
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the work embodied in Project-I (3351908) entitled “Solar
Agriculture Sprayer Vehicle” was carried out by Nikunj Shrinali.
(206330319040) studying at L. J. Polytechnic, Ahmedabad (633) for the partial
fulfillment of Diploma Engineering to be awarded by Gujarat Technological
University.

Date:

Place:

Signature & Name of Guide Signature & Name of H.O.D.

Seal of Institute
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the work embodied in Project-I (3351908) entitled “Solar
Agriculture Sprayer Vehicle” was carried out by Tirth Patel. (206330319050)
studying at L. J. Polytechnic, Ahmedabad (633) for the partial fulfillment of Diploma
Engineering to be awarded by Gujarat Technological University.

Date:

Place:

Signature & Name of Guide Signature & Name of H.O.D.

Seal of Institute
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The presentation of this report gives me the feeling of fulfilment. With immense
pleasure I would like to present this report on this Dissertation report of “Solar
Agriculture Sprayer Vehicle”.

I would like to this opportunity to bestow my acknowledgement to the entire person

who have directly or indirectly availed me in making my project feasible and to turn it
up in to successful piece of work.

I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to all those who motivated, encouraged
and helped me in the project work. I am grateful to my guide, Mr. Ajay Gupta, for his
kind support, guidance and encouragement throughout the project work, also for
introducing this topic, which has been very interesting and has given me a great insight
to the future work on this area.

I am also very grateful to all the Faculties & Head of Mechanical Engineering
Department, L.J. Polytechnic, Ahmedabad, for his kind support and guidance.

I’d also like to thank my friend Munir Thaker for his help the design and design outline
part of the project.

I take this opportunity to appeal my profound gratitude to all those who have directly
or indirectly help me in my venture.

I am certainly thankful to all my friends, who have always encouraged me and help me
to make my work better. I would genuinely like to thank Almighty and my parents for
their constant flow of blessings on me.

Sachin Chovisa 206330319027

Nikunj Shrimali 206330319040

Tirth Patel 206330319050

 CHAPTERS INDEX

Sr. No. Chapter Page No.

Introduction 1

1.1 Summary 1
1
1.2 Pesticide Spraying 1

1.3 Solar Energy 2

Problem Identification And Solution 4

2 2.1 Problem Statement 4

2.2 Problem Solution 4

Literature Survey 6

3.1 Literature Overview 6

3.2 Survey – 1 6

3.3 Survey – 2 6
3
3.4 Survey – 3 7

3.5 Survey – 4 7

3.6 Survey – 5 7

3.7 Survey – 6 8
Market Survey Analysis Report 9

4 4.1 Market Overview 9

4.2 Survey Questions And Data Charts 9

The Problem Solution Outline 14

5.1 Product Definition 14

5
5.2 Design Summary 14

5.3 Design 14
 5.4 Multi-view With Dimensions 17
5.5 Working Principle 17

5.6 Advantages 18

5.7 Disadvantages 19

5.8 Application 19

5.9 Feasibility Report 19

Costing And Specification 21

6.1 Material Cost 21

6.2 Labour Cost 21
6.3 Calculations 22

6 6.4 Components Used 22

6.4.1 Solar Panel 23
6.4.2 DC Motor 24
6.4.3 Battery 24
6.4.4 Storage Tank 25
6.4.5 Nozzle 25
6.4.6 Pump 26
7 Work To Be Carries Out In VI Sem 27

SWOT Analysis 28

8.1 SWOT Overview 28

8.2 Strengths 28
8
8.3 Weaknesses 28

8.4 Opportunities 28

8.5 Threats 29

Conclusion 30

References 31

Logbook 32
 FIGURES INDEX

Sr. No. Figure Page No.

Chapter 1

1 1.1 Manual Pesticide Spraying 2

1.2 Solar Energy Incident On Earth 3

Chapter 2
2
2.1 Knapsack Sprayer 4

Chapter 5
5.1 Render View 14
5.2 Top View 15
3 5.3 Side View 15
5.4 Front View 16
5.5 Dimensions 17
5.6 Working Principle 18
Chapter 6

6.1 Solar Panel 23

3 6.2 DC Motor 24
6.3 Battery 25
6.4 Nozzle 26
6.5 Centrifugal Pump 26
Chapter 8
4
8.1 SWOT Elements 28
 TABLES INDEX

Sr. No. Table Page No.

Chapter 6

1 6.1 Material Cost 21

6.2 Labour Cost 21

 SOLAR AGRICULTURE SPRAYER VEHICLE

SUBMITTED BY: GUIDED BY:

Sachin Chovisa (206330319027) Mr. Ajay Gupta
Nikunj Shrimali (206330319040) Head of Department
Tirth Patel (206330319050) Mechanical Engineering Department

L.J. Polytechnic, Ahmedabad

ABSTRACT

Using non-renewable energy resources in abundance will result into rise of their prices
or depletion. Hence, there is a great need for energy conservation. Energy security of a
country is very important and efforts are being made for utilization of renewable energy
sources mainly solar energy, as the fossil fuel based energy is depleting at a very fast
rate. Traditional agriculture sprayer vehicle uses non-renewable resources and is in the
form of a backpack. So, the thought of designing a. agriculture sprayer vehicle in the
trolley form, while eliminating the use of non-renewable resources. It will work purely
on solar energy. Hence, it will be more efficient as compared to the traditional sprayer.
The design of solar sprayer and developments in solar powered agricultural sprayers is
discussed and reviewed in detail under this study.
Solar Agricultural Sprayer Vehicle

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Summary

In the agricultural industry, pesticides play a significant role in the maintenance of

crop health and consequently, the stability of the farmers’ income. Agricultural sprayer
are indispensable agricultural tools which are commonly used by farmers. These
machines are ideal for a variety of farming tasks during crop production cycle.
Agricultural sprayers are a special type of farm equipment used for applying liquid
substances such as fertilizers and pesticides to plants during the crop growth cycle.
These remarkable farming tools come in various sizes and types, from hand-held and
manual sprayers to large trailed or mounted sprayers followed by advanced atomizers.
A sun oriented worked sprayer is easy to deal with and support free, in this way is
sensible to the ranchers. In this manner a sun powered worked sprayer is planned and
created.

In our nation there are for the most part radiant days and this kind of atmosphere is
appropriate to produce control through sun based board. The normal force of sun based
radiation got in India is 200 MW/km square (megawatt per kilometer square). In request
to diminish the contamination and fuel utilization in the field of agribusiness, we are
presenting sun powered sprayer vehicle. The vitality of the vehicle is gotten from solar
panel attached to it.

Our product which is basically a trolley based vehicle that eliminates the use of non-
renewable energy resources. It can be easily movable with very less human effort and
can carry sufficient amount of pesticide. The solar panel mounted on the top can be
tilted to required angle according to the sunlight. This panel consisting of photovoltaic
cells which converts solar energy into electrical energy which is supplied to the battery
via controller. The battery intern runs DC motor with sufficient speed for effective
spraying through nozzle. Various types of nozzles can be used according to the required
work like for spraying the pesticide, spraying of water to the plants, and single point
nozzle for washing of vehicles and machine parts etc. the product is user-friendly and
eco-friendly with high efficiency when compared to the traditional product.

1.2 Pesticide Spraying

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Solar Agricultural Sprayer Vehicle

Food crops must compete with 30,000 species of weeds, 3,000 species of worms and
10,000 species of plant-eating insects. And threats don’t stop once crops leave fields –
bugs, molds and rodents can all cause damage in storage. Pesticides can prolong the life
of crops and prevent post-harvest losses.

Currently, about 925 million people around the world – one in seven of us – are going
hungry. To reduce hunger, we need to increase food productivity. Pesticides help
farmers do that.

Pesticides enable farmers to produce safe, quality foods at affordable prices. They also
help farmers provide an abundance of nutritious, all-year-round foods, which are
necessary for human health. Fruits and vegetables, which provide essential nutrients,
are more abundant and affordable. Grains, milk and proteins, which are vital to
childhood development, are more widely available because of lower costs to produce
food and animal feed.

Crop quantity and quality rely on crop protection. For example, a U.S. study estimated
that without fungicides, yields of most fruit and vegetables would fall by 50-90
percent.3 Moreover, pesticides decrease exposure to food contaminated with harmful
micro-organisms and naturally occurring toxins, preventing food-related illnesses.

(Figure 1.1: Manual Pesticide Spraying)

1.3 Solar Energy

All life on earth is supported by the sun. This amazing resource radiates energy and
provides us both heat and light by fusing hydrogen into helium at its core. We call this
solar radiation. Only about half of this solar radiation makes it to the Earth’s surface.
The rest is either absorbed or reflected by clouds and the atmosphere. Still, we receive

2
Solar Agricultural Sprayer Vehicle

enough power from the sun to meet the power demands of all mankind — millions of
times over. Solar energy—power from the sun—is a vast, inexhaustible, and clean
resource.

Sunlight, or solar energy, can be used directly for heating and lighting homes and
businesses, for generating electricity, and for hot water heating, solar cooling, and a
variety of other commercial and industrial uses. Most critical, given the growing
concern over climate change, is the fact that solar electricity generation represents a
clean alternative to electricity from fossil fuels, with no air and water pollution, no
global warming pollution, no risks of electricity price spikes, and no threats to our
public health.

The solar resource is enormous. According to the US Department of Energy, the

amount of sunlight that strikes the earth’s surface in an hour and a half is enough to
handle the entire world’s energy consumption for a full year. Just 18 days of sunshine
on Earth contains the same amount of energy as is stored in all of the planet’s reserves
of coal, oil, and natural gas.

And, once a system is in place to harness the solar resource and convert it into useful
energy, the fuel is free.

(Figure 1.2: Solar Energy Incident On Earth)

3
Solar Agricultural Sprayer Vehicle

CHAPTER 2: PROBLEM STATEMENT AND SOLUTION

2.1 Problem Statement

 Farmers usually uses hand operated pesticide sprayer (knapsack).

 The conventional sprayer having the difficulties such as it needs lot of effort to
push the lever up and down in order to create the pressure to spray This
conventional method is very hectic and having large human efforts.
 Another commonly used spraying technique is fuel operated pesticide spryer.
 The difficulty of petrol sprayer is to need to purchase the fuel which increases
the running cost of the spray.
 By eliminating the use of fuels or lever, method can becomes more eco-friendly
and reduces fatigue for user.
 This motivate us to develop pesticide sprayer operated by using solar energy.

(Figure 2.1: Knapsack Sprayer)

2.2 Problem Solution

 To overcome this problems, use of non-conventional energy sources one of the

best method.
 Non-conventional energy is considered the energy of the future.

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Solar Agricultural Sprayer Vehicle

 Considering the benefits of non-conventional energy generation, many

countries have started producing this energy in large scale.
 There is continuous research for development of technology in this field to
reduce the cost of production and to make it more cost-effective.
 Thus in order to find closest solution to these drawbacks of existing systems,
this equipment is designed.

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Solar Agricultural Sprayer Vehicle

CHAPTER 3: LITERATURE SURVEY

3.1 Literature Overview

 There are a number of surveys and reports that have been carried out on subjects
like solar vehicles and agriculture sprayer vehicles and both combined as well.
 A few of such reports have been referred to increase our knowledge about the
topic of our project to make a better product for the people.

3.2 Survey – 1: Sprayers for application of bio pesticides

 In 2012, a solar sprayer was developed by Samuel Gan-Mor et al.

 According to them, transition from the optimized conditions of a laboratory
experiment to the harsh conditions experienced in the field has so far proved
more difficult for application of bio pesticides in contrast to chemicals.
 This has undoubtedly been due to lack of investment in the development of
effective formulations and delivery systems, in order to commercialized more
potential bio pesticides.
 The relatively small effort invested in target- specific sprayers, compared with
the investment in laboratory studies, has led to unbalanced development, and
example the need for closer integration between formulation and engineering
research.
 The challenge is to get effective formulations so that biological control agents
can be easily applied by farmers.

3.3 Survey – 2: Multi-nozzle pesticide sprayer pump

 Poratkar et al. designed the working of a manually operated multi nozzle

pesticides sprayer pump, which based on the principles of motion transmission
due to chain and sprocket arrangement and plunger cylinder arrangement.
 The operator first-stand behind the trolley.
 He will grab the handle and lift it and push the trolley forward.
 As trolley move forward, the wheel rotates in counter clockwise direction.
 As sprocket is mounted on same shaft of wheel, it also rotates in counter
clockwise direction.

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Solar Agricultural Sprayer Vehicle

 This motion is transferred to freewheel via chain drive arrangement.

 The free-wheel, thus, also starts rotating in counter clockwise direction.
 As freewheel and big spur gear are mounted on same shaft, it also starts rotating
in anticlockwise direction.

3.4 Survey – 3: Pest sprayer with multi-operations

 An equipment was especially made to work in row crops such as cotton pulses
etc. of an agricultural field by A.S. Wankhede et al.
 The economic condition of farmers and the cost of labour, owing to such
conditions, this equipment can find its application.
 The equipment is to perform three important operations done in fields, namely,
spraying pesticide, spraying herbicide and applying urea.
 All the three operations can be performed simultaneously or individually.
 Application of urea to the crops is not being focused much by various
agriculture equipment producing firm and the equipment large field which are
in hectors.
 Moreover, whatever methods are available for applying urea results in high
wastage of urea, we have focused on the same.

3.5 Survey – 4: Backpack sprayer

 In 2016, R.D.Gorle et al. have fabricated automatic pesticide spraying machine,

there are many types of pesticides sprayers are available.
 But mostly used is backpack sprayer, which is cheaper and less maintenance.
 It requires lot of time and high operating cost.
 By the electric components like motor, pump and spraying nozzles the process
of spraying comes economically.
 The automatic pesticides spraying machine covers more area than conventional
machines.

3.6 Survey – 5: Adjustable automatic pesticide sprays

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Solar Agricultural Sprayer Vehicle

 In 2018, Minakshi Dhole et al. has reviewed on automatic adjustable techniques

in agriculture for pesticides spray, they said that there are many different types
of sprayers available in this paper.
 It is concluded that pesticide spraying machine is main factor in india for
development agriculture sector and improve good food productivity.
 By using of robotics, we can reduce the effort of labours and uniform spraying
operation.
 So, there is need of low-cost robots in agricultural sector especially in Pesticides
spraying machine.

3.7 Survey – 6: Solar PV based sprayer

 In 2016, a solar PV based sprayer was designed and developed by Swami et al.,
which can be moved in the field with the help of manually drawn vehicle.
 The developed solar PV sprayer operates both on direct mode and indirect
mode.
 In the direct mode, the sprayer was operated by using electricity generated by
100 Wp polycrystalline PV module mounted on the sprayer and in the indirect
mode it was operated on battery mode using stored electric energy in a deep
cycle battery (12 V, 32 Ah).
 In both modes, a DC motor pump of 60 W was used to generate the required
operating pressure to spray the liquid pesticide formulations.
 The brass nozzle, which requires an operating pressure of about 1.5-2 kg /cm2
to provide a discharge of 900 ml/ min was used in the study.
 The capacity of the liquid tank 50 liters for an uninterrupted operation for 2
hours with two nozzles.

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Solar Agricultural Sprayer Vehicle

CHAPTER 4: MARKET SURVEY ANALYSIS REPORT

4.1 Market Overview

 We as our approach have conducted the market survey in offline mode, so as to

understand the perspective of the consumers personally.
 We in total made 9 questions that relate the consumers to our product and make
them feel as if the product might be an essential part of their daily life. The total
data we have collected has been shared in the further document.

4.2 Survey Questions And Data Charts

Q.1 Will you use either?

Normal Sprayer Vehicle Solar Sprayer Vehicle

Solar Sprayer
Vehicle
31%

Normal
Sprayer
Vehicle
69%

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Solar Agricultural Sprayer Vehicle

Q.2 What is the capacity of the liquid sprayer vehicle provided?

4 - 6 lit 6 - 8 lit 8 - 10 lit

8 - 10 lit
15%
4 - 6 lit
31%

6 - 8 lit
54%

Q.3 How much capacity of liquid is required in the solar sprayer vehicle?

4 - 6 lit 6 - 8 lit 8 - 10 lit

4-6
lit
13%

6 - 8 lit
8 - 10 lit 33%
54%

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Solar Agricultural Sprayer Vehicle

Q.4 Which size will be fine for our project?

150*250 cm 250*500 cm 500*900cm

150*250
cm
500*900 31%
cm
54%

250*500
cm
15%

Q.5 How much working life do you expect in solar sprayer vehicle?

1 - 2 year 2 - 3 year 3 - 4 year

3-4 1-2
year year
38% 31%

2-3
year
31%

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Solar Agricultural Sprayer Vehicle

Q.6 Would you use solar sprayer vehicle if it is under Rs.27,000?

Yes No

No
23%

Yes
77%

Q.7 How much will you pay for solar sprayer vehicle?

15,000 - 20,000 Rs. 20,000 - 25,000 Rs.

25,000 - 30,000 Rs.

25,000 -
30,000 Rs.
20%

15,000 -
20,000 Rs.
20,000 - 55%
25,000 Rs.
25%

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Solar Agricultural Sprayer Vehicle

Q.8 How much range do you accept to be covered by the solar sprayer
vehicle?

2-4m 4-6m 6-8m

2-4m
8%

4-6m
6-8m
31%
61%

Q.9 Maintenance cost of solar agricultural sprayer vehicle?

4,500 - 5,500 Rs. 5,500 - 6,500 Rs. 6,500 - 7,500 Rs.

6,500 -
7,500 Rs.
23%
4,500 -
5,500 Rs.
5,500 - 46%
6,500 Rs.
31%

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Solar Agricultural Sprayer Vehicle

CHAPTER 5: THE PROBLEM SOLUTION OUTLINE

5.1 Product Definition

 Solar agriculture sprayer vehicle is operated mainly based on solar energy and
hence there is no need of any kind of alternative source. It has many advantages
such as cost of spraying and also saving on Fuel/Petrol.

5.2 Design Summary

 The design is parted into 5 sections.

 First one being the tank placed on a carrier which will be used to fill in
pesticides, paints, etc.
 Second one being 3 wheels - 1 in front (small) and 2 in rear (larger).
 Third one being a rod in rear top to push the vehicle further.
 Fourth one being the pipe attached to the tank, used for spraying.
 And the fifth being a solar plate placed on the top in slanted manner so that the
sun rays fall on it in mass form.

5.3 Design

(Figure 5.1: Render View)

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Solar Agricultural Sprayer Vehicle

(Figure 5.2: Top View)

(Figure 5.3: Side View)

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Solar Agricultural Sprayer Vehicle

(Figure 5.4: Front View)

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Solar Agricultural Sprayer Vehicle

5.4 Multi-View With Dimensions

(Figure 5.5: Dimensions)

5.5 Working Principle

 This project works on solar energy. In this, a solar panel is placed on the top of
the vehicle on which the sun rays fall and as a result, the sprayer gets started for
spraying the pesticide.
 The solar panel is attached with a DC motor which generates the power. The
generated power gets stored in a DC battery. So, when the sunrays do not come,
at that time we can use the charged battery.

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Solar Agricultural Sprayer Vehicle

 This solar agriculture sprayer is more efficient as compared to the one which
runs on petrol, diesel, etc. fuels. By this, the weight of vehicle also reduces.
 The power which is stored in the battery can be used in multiple ways like
charging the mobile phones, and also for lighting LED. This will help the
farmers and other people who are working in agricultural field.
 By this, the cost of maintenance gets less as compared to petrol/diesel pesticides
sprayers.
 It is economical, no extra efforts required by human, he just has to push the
vehicle. The vehicle is light in weight, and so it is much feasible.

(Figure 5.6: Working Principle)

5.6 Advantages

 Solar-powered pesticide Systems are practical in flat terrain where the sun
shines.
 Solar-powered pesticide pumps can be placed in or next to the pond or other
source of pesticide and the pesticide can be pumped where it is needed.
 Solar pesticide pumping is clean and efficient.
 Solar electric water pumping cuts down on waste because it’s based on natural
cycles. Your panels give the most pumping power on the sunniest days---when
you need the most pesticide.
 Solar power is clean. You never have to worry about polluting

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Solar Agricultural Sprayer Vehicle

 Solar-powered pesticide systems take very little maintenance because they only
have a few moving parts. They have long life - usually 20 to 40 years. And solar
pesticide systems never run out of fuel as long as the sun is shining.

5.7 Disadvantages

 Relatively high initial cost.

 Lower output in cloudy weather.
 Initial cost is high.
 Battery requires maintenance.

5.8 Application

 Mainly used in agriculture sectors for spraying chemicals on plants.

 It is also used in automobile industry for spraying paint.
 It can be used for spraying water to plants.
 For the application of plant nutrients as foliar spray.
 Cleaning all sorts of glasses.

5.9 Feasibility Report

 Introduction

o Solar agriculture sprayer vehicle is used for spraying pesticides or

water in field.

o It is eco-friendly and works on renewable energy.

 Objective

o To save electricity

o To save maintenance cost

o To increase use of renewable energy

 Technical Feasibility

o DC Battery and DC Motor is used

o Solar panel is used to generate energy

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Solar Agricultural Sprayer Vehicle

 Marketing Feasibility

o Solar agricultural sprayer vehicle is cost efficient.

o Solar agricultural sprayer vehicle is eco-friendly.

o It doesn’t use electricity or any kind of fuel.

o It gives low maintenance than others.

 Commercial Feasibility

o Solar agricultural sprayer vehicle has higher efficiency as compared to

product available in market.

o Feature of this sprayer vehicle is that it is eco-friendly and works on

renewable energy.

 Financial Feasibility

o The main components of this sprayer vehicle are solar panel, DC

Battery and Motor.

o Other components are tank, connecting pipe, wire, pump, wheels and
switch.

o According to our estimation, the cost of building solar agricultural

sprayer vehicle is 18k to 19k.

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Solar Agricultural Sprayer Vehicle

CHAPTER 6: COSTING AND SPECIFICATION

6.1 Material Cost

Sr. No. Materials Qty. Cost(Rs.)

1 Solar Panel 1 4,000

2 DC Battery 1 2,000

3 DC Motor 1 300

4 Tank 1 2,300

5 Connecting Pipe 1 300

6 Connecting Wire 6m 500

7 Pump 1 1,000

8 Wheel 3 600

9 Solar Bulb and Charging Kit 2 3,000

10 Switch - 400

TOTAL - 14,400

(Table 6.1: Material Cost)

6.2 Labour Cost

Sr. No. Labour Cost(Rs.)

1 Fabrication and Machining 3,000

2 Assembly 1,000

TOTAL 4,000

(Table 6.2: Labour Cost)

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Solar Agricultural Sprayer Vehicle

6.3 Calculations

 Prime Cost = Direct material cost + Direct labour cost

= 14,400 + 4,000

= 18,400 Rs.

 Factory Overhead Cost = 20% of P.C.

= 20/100 * 18,400

= 3,680 Rs.

 Production Cost = P.C. + F.O.H.

= 18,400 + 3,680

= 22,080 Rs.

 Other Direct Expense = 10% of production cost

= 10/100 * 22,080

= 2,208 Rs.

 Total Cost = Production + Other direct expense

= 22,080 + 2,208

= 24,288 Rs.

 Selling Price = 26,000 Rs.

 Profit = Selling price – Total Cost

= 26,000 – 24,288

= 1,712 Rs.

6.4 Components Used

 Components are selected according to get maximum output of the product.

 Following are the hardware components which are used:
o Solar Panel
o DC Motor

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Solar Agricultural Sprayer Vehicle

o Battery
o Manual Switch
o Storage Tank
o Ply Wood
o Clamps
o Nuts & Bolts
o Wires
o Wheels
o Pump
o Pipes
o Nozzles
o Valves
6.4.1 Solar Panel

A solar panel (also solar module, photovoltaic module or photovoltaic panel) is a

packaged, connected assembly of photovoltaic cells. The solar panel can be used as a
component of a larger photovoltaic system to generate and supply electricity in
commercial and residential applications. Each panel is rated by its DC output power
under standard test conditions, and typically ranges from 100 to 320 watts. The
efficiency of a panel determines the area of a panel given the same rated output - an 8%
efficient 230 watt panel will have twice the area of a 16% efficient 230 watt panel.
Because a single solar panel can produce only a limited amount of power, most
installations contain multiple panels. A photovoltaic system typically includes an array
of solar panels, an inverter, and sometimes a battery and or solar tracker and
interconnection wiring.

(Figure 6.1: Solar Panel)

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Solar Agricultural Sprayer Vehicle

6.4.2 DC Motor

A DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical machines that converts direct current
electrical energy into mechanical energy. The most common types rely on the forces
produced by magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal
mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction
of current flow in part of the motor. DC motors were the first type widely used, since
they could be powered from existing direct-current lighting power distribution systems.
A DC motor's speed can be controlled over a wide range, using either a variable supply
voltage or by changing the strength of current in its field windings. Small DC motors
are used in tools, toys, and appliances. The universal motor can operate on direct current
but is a lightweight motor used for portable power tools and appliances. Larger DC
motors are used in propulsion of electric vehicles, elevator and hoists, or in drives for
steel rolling mills.

(Figure 6.2: DC Motor)

6.4.3 DC Battery

An electric battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with

external connections provided to power electrical devices such as flashlights, smart
phones, and electric cars. When a battery is supplying electric power, its positive
terminal is the cathode and its negative terminal is the anode. The terminal marked
negative is the source of electrons that when connected to an external circuit will flow
and deliver energy to an external device. When a battery is connected to an external
circuit, electrolytes are able to move as ions within, allowing the chemical reactions to
be completed at the separate terminals and so deliver energy to the external circuit. It

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Solar Agricultural Sprayer Vehicle

is the movement of those ions within the battery which allows current to flow out of the
battery to perform work.

(Figure 6.3 Battery)

6.4.4 Storage Tank

Storage tanks are containers that hold liquids, compressed gases or mediums used for
the short or long-term storage of fluids or gases. The term can be used for reservoirs.
Storage tanks are available in many shapes: vertical and horizontal cylindrical open top
and closed top flat bottom, cone bottom, slope bottom and dish bottom. Large tanks
tend to be vertical cylindrical, or to have rounded corners transition from vertical side
wall to bottom profile, to easier withstand hydraulic hydrostatically induced pressure
of contained liquid. Most container tanks for handling liquids during transportation are
designed to handle varying degrees of pressure.

6.4.5 Nozzle

A nozzle is a device designed to control the direction or characteristics of a fluid flow

(especially to increase velocity) as it exits (or enters) an enclosed chamber or pipe. A
nozzle is often a pipe or tube of varying cross sectional area and it can be used to direct
or modify the flow of a fluid (liquid or gas). Nozzles are frequently used to control the
rate of flow, speed, direction, mass, shape, and/or the pressure of the stream that
emerges from them. In a nozzle, the velocity of fluid increases at the expense of its
pressure energy.

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Solar Agricultural Sprayer Vehicle

(Figure 6.4: Nozzle)

6.4.6 Pump

A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by

mechanical action, typically converted from electrical energy into hydraulic energy.
Like most pumps, a centrifugal pump converts rotational energy, often from a motor,
to energy in a moving fluid. A portion of the energy goes into kinetic energy of the
fluid. Fluid enters axially through eye of the casing, is caught up in the impeller blades,
and is whirled tangentially and radially outward until it leaves through all
circumferential parts of the impeller into the diffuser part of the casing. The fluid gains
both velocity and pressure while passing through the impeller. The doughnut-shaped
diffuser, or scroll, section of the casing decelerates the flow and further increases the
pressure.

(Figure 6.5: Centrifugal Pump)

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Solar Agricultural Sprayer Vehicle

Chapter 7: Work to be carried out in VI Sem

 We will do calculations
 We will take measurement and then estimate the cost of raw materials
 We will buy the materials
 Assembly of the project
 We will do the fabrication work
 We will do testing of the product

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Solar Agricultural Sprayer Vehicle

CHAPTER 8: SWOT ANALYSIS

8.1 SWOT Overview

 SWOT analysis is the study of strengths, weaknesses, future opportunities and

threats regarding the project to be executed.
 Here, all the SWOT elements of the product “Solar Agriculture Sprayer
Vehicle” are listed for analysing the future possibilities of the product.

(Figure 8.1: SWOT Elements)

8.2 STRENGTHS

 The solar agriculture sprayer vehicle is a sustainable device in the field of

agriculture and less expensive than most of the devices available in the market.
 This criterion of the product makes it a rear innovation in the field and thus there
are many future possibilities for the product to succeed in the market.

8.3 WEAKNESSES

 Our product uses solar energy which will not be available during winter,
monsoon and cloudy days in abundance. Hence, its efficiency will be less on
those days.

8.4 OPPORTUNITIES

 There is high need of such sustainable and efficient product in market for the
intended consumers, i.e. farmers. Hence, it might be the perfect candidate for
that segment.

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Solar Agricultural Sprayer Vehicle

8.5 THREATS

 There are many products in the market for agriculture sprayer.

 The consumers prefer sprayer which is efficient, requires low maintenance cost
and the human effort to be applied is minimum.

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Solar Agricultural Sprayer Vehicle

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, the solar agriculture sprayer vehicle is environment friendly and cost
efficient. This sprayer can be used largely in agriculture field effectively. It is the best
option to farmers who are economically challenged and face electrical problems like
load shedding. It does not require fuel, hence it is a zero fuel operated equipment and
does not create air pollution and noise pollution. This solar operated sprayer will help
the farmers of those remote areas of country where fuel is not available easily or cost
is very high. They can perform their regular work as well as save money up to large
extent. At the same time they can do their pesticide spraying work with very less
environment pollution. It will be simple, compatible and easy to use. These types of
innovations are essential for future due to the depletion and increase in the fuel cost.

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Solar Agricultural Sprayer Vehicle

REFERENCES

 https://www.academia.edu/33763516/Solar_Powered_Sprayer_for_Agricultur
al_and_Domestic_Purpose
 https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/2106/2106.05236.pdf
 https://www.ijcmas.com/9-12-2020/R.%20B.%20Pawar,%20et%20al.pdf
 https://www.globenewswire.com/en/news-
release/2022/10/14/2534504/28124/en/Global-Solar-Agriculture-Sprayer-
Market-Report-2022-2027-Increased-Use-of-Advanced-Agriculture-Tools-
and-Machinery-Growing-Demand-for-Higher-Yielding-Crops-Driving-
Demand.html
 https://ijaast.com/publications/vol8issue1/V8I118.pdf
 https://www.ijser.org/researchpaper/Solar-Powered-Sprayer-A-review.pdf
 https://www.mechanical-farm.com/solar-spray/

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Solar Agricultural Sprayer Vehicle

LOGBOOK

Date Work Discussed Performed By Signature

Sachin
Guide Meet
24/08/2022 Nikunj
Project Discussion
Tirth
26/08/2022 Title Page Sachin
to Acknowledgement Nikunj
29/08/2022 Abstract Tirth
01/09/2022
to Introduction Tirth
04/09/2022
13/09/2022
Nikunj
to Problem Identification
Tirth
16/09/2022
21/09/2022
to Literature Survey Sachin
24/09/2022
26/09/2022 Sachin
to Market Survey Nikunj
04/10/2022 Tirth
06/10/2022
to Feasibility Report Sachin
08/10/2022
17/10/2022 Sachin
Problem Solution
to Nikunj
Outline
26/10/2022 Tirth
28/10/2022
to Designing Tirth
03/11/2022

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Solar Agricultural Sprayer Vehicle

05/11/2022
Nikunj
to Components
Tirth
08/11/2022
10/11/2022
Nikunj
to Costing
Tirth
12/11/2022

15/11/2022 Semester – 6 Work Tirth

17/11/2022
Sachin
to SWOT Analysis
Tirth
18/11/2022
Sachin
19/11/2022 Verification Nikunj
Tirth
22/11/2022 Conclusion
to Reference Tirth
25/11/2022 Index
Sachin
28/11/2022 Final Report Nikunj
Tirth

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