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Quantitative Reasoning exercises involving fundamental statistical concepts, statistical inference, and hypothesis testing

The document contains a series of Quantitative Reasoning exercises focused on statistical concepts, including descriptive statistics, probability, sampling methods, statistical inference, hypothesis testing, and regression analysis. Each section presents specific tasks such as calculating measures of central tendency, determining probabilities, constructing confidence intervals, conducting t-tests, performing Chi-square tests, and analyzing correlation and regression. These exercises aim to enhance understanding and application of fundamental statistical principles.

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Elizabeth Gomez
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122 views12 pages

Quantitative Reasoning exercises involving fundamental statistical concepts, statistical inference, and hypothesis testing

The document contains a series of Quantitative Reasoning exercises focused on statistical concepts, including descriptive statistics, probability, sampling methods, statistical inference, hypothesis testing, and regression analysis. Each section presents specific tasks such as calculating measures of central tendency, determining probabilities, constructing confidence intervals, conducting t-tests, performing Chi-square tests, and analyzing correlation and regression. These exercises aim to enhance understanding and application of fundamental statistical principles.

Uploaded by

Elizabeth Gomez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Here are some Quantitative Reasoning exercises involving fundamental statistical

concepts, statistical inference, and hypothesis testing:

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1. Descriptive Statistics

Exercise 1: Measures of Central Tendency & Dispersion

A teacher records the test scores of 10 students in a math exam as follows:


78, 85, 90, 88, 76, 92, 84, 89, 91, 77

Tasks:
a) Calculate the mean, median, and mode of the scores.
b) Compute the range, variance, and standard deviation.

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2. Probability and Sampling

Exercise 2: Probability of Events

A deck of 52 playing cards is shuffled. What is the probability of drawing:


a) A heart?
b) A queen?
c) A heart or a queen?
d) A queen of hearts?

Exercise 3: Sampling Methods

You are conducting a survey on students' study habits. Identify which type of sampling method
is being used in each scenario:
a) A random generator selects 50 students from a university.
b) The first 30 students entering the library are chosen.
c) The school is divided into departments, and 5 students from each department are selected.
d) The teacher asks for volunteers to complete the survey.

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3. Statistical Inference

Exercise 4: Confidence Interval


A random sample of 40 students finds that their average height is 165 cm, with a standard
deviation of 8 cm.
a) Construct a 95% confidence interval for the population mean height.
b) Interpret the confidence interval.

Exercise 5: Hypothesis Testing - One-Sample t-Test

A soft drink company claims that its soda contains 330 mL per can. A random sample of 15
cans is taken, and the average content is found to be 325 mL with a standard deviation of 5 mL.
At α = 0.05, test whether the mean volume is significantly different from 330 mL.

Tasks:
a) State the null () and alternative () hypotheses.
b) Determine the test statistic (t-value).
c) Find the critical value and compare it with the test statistic.
d) Make a conclusion based on the results.

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4. Hypothesis Testing - Two-Sample Comparisons

Exercise 6: Two-Sample t-Test

A researcher wants to compare the average test scores of two groups:

Group A (10 students): 78, 82, 85, 88, 79, 92, 87, 90, 84, 81

Group B (10 students): 75, 80, 83, 85, 76, 89, 86, 88, 82, 78

Tasks:
a) Perform a two-sample t-test to check if there is a significant difference between the two
groups at α = 0.05.
b) State the null and alternative hypotheses.
c) Compute the test statistic and p-value.
d) Conclude whether the groups have significantly different means.

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5. Chi-Square Test for Independence

Exercise 7: Chi-Square Test


A study investigates whether gender (male/female) is associated with preference for online or
in-person classes. The data is collected as follows:

Using a Chi-square test at α = 0.05, determine if gender and class preference are independent.

Tasks:
a) State the null and alternative hypotheses.
b) Compute the expected frequencies and Chi-square statistic.
c) Compare with the critical value or use the p-value.
d) Conclude whether there is an association between gender and preference.
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6. Regression and Correlation

Exercise 8: Correlation & Linear Regression

A researcher collects data on the number of study hours and test scores of 8 students:
Tasks:
a) Compute the correlation coefficient (r) to determine the strength of the relationship.
b) Perform a linear regression analysis and find the equation of the best-fit line.
c) Predict the test score for a student who studies 7 hours.

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