Cambridge IGCSE™

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PHYSICS 0625/42
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) October/November 2025
1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.
● Take the weight of 1.0 kg to be 9.8 N (acceleration of free fall = 9.8 m / s2).

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 80.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 15 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (CJ/CB) 326750/2
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1 Fig. 1.1 shows the speed–time graph for a cyclist beginning a race. The motion of the cyclist
changes at points A, B and C.

20
speed
m/s C
15

10

B
5

A
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
time / s

Fig. 1.1

(a) Using information from Fig. 1.1, determine:

(i) the speed of the cyclist at time = 6.0 s

speed =.................................................... m / s [2]

(ii) the maximum speed of the cyclist.

maximum speed =.................................................... m / s [1]

(b) (i) Describe the motion of the cyclist between point A and point B.

. .................................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) Describe how the motion of the cyclist between points B and C differs from the motion
between points A and B.

Give a reason for your answer.

difference ...........................................................................................................................

reason ...............................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) Determine the distance travelled by the cyclist between point A and point B.

distance = ..................................................... m [3]

[Total: 9]
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(b) Fig. 1.2 shows the cyclist riding along a long straight road.

S N

Fig. 1.2

The speed of the cyclist is 15 m / s. Determine the velocity of the cyclist.

velocity = ........................................................ m / s

direction ...............................................................
[1]

[Total: 7]

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2 Fig. 2.1 shows the distance–time graph for an engineer’s journey.

She drives from her home directly to her office and parks the car.
She then drives from her office to her friend’s house and parks the car.

70

60

50

distance from 40
home / km
30

20

10

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
time / h

Fig. 2.1
(a) Determine the distance between:

(i) the engineer’s home and her office .................................................... km [1]

(ii) the engineer’s office and her friend’s house. .................................................... km [1]

(b) Determine the time taken to travel between:

(i) the engineer’s home and her office ...................................................... h [1]

(ii) the engineer’s office and her friend’s house. ...................................................... h [1]

(c) Calculate the speed of the car between time = 7 h and time = 10 h.

speed = ............................................... km / h [3]

[Total: 7]

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3 Fig. 3.1 is the distance-time graph for a moving car.

500

distance / m

400

300

200

100

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
time t / s

Fig. 3.1

(a) On Fig. 3.1, mark a point P where the acceleration of the car is zero. [1]

(b) Determine:

(i) the speed of the car at time t = 15 s

speed =........................................................... [2]

(ii) the average speed of the car between time t = 30 s and time t = 45 s.

average speed =........................................................... [2]

(c) At time t = 45 s, the car starts to decelerate. At time t = 55 s and at a distance of 400 m from
the starting point, the car stops. It then remains stationary for 5.0 s.

On Fig. 3.1, draw a possible continuation of the distance-time graph. [3]

[Total: 8]

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4 (a) Complete Fig. 4.1 by writing in the right-hand column the name of the quantity given by the
product in the left-hand column.

product quantity

mass × acceleration

force × time

[2]
Fig. 4.1

(b) Fig. 4.2 shows a man hitting a ball with a golf club.

golf club ball

Fig. 4.2

The ball has a mass of 0.046 kg. The golf club is in contact with the ball for 5.0 × 10–4 s and
the ball leaves the golf club at a speed of 65 m / s.

(i) Calculate:

1. the momentum of the ball as it leaves the golf club

momentum = .......................................................... [2]

2. the average resultant force acting on the ball while it is in contact with the golf club.

average force =........................................................... [2]

(ii) While the golf club is in contact with the ball, the ball becomes compressed and changes
shape.

State the type of energy stored in the ball during its contact with the golf club.

. .................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 7]

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5 A lorry is travelling along a straight, horizontal road.

Fig. 5.1 is the distance-time graph for the lorry.

3000

distance / m

2000

1000

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
time t / s

Fig. 5.1

(a) Using Fig. 5.1, determine:

(i) the speed of the lorry at time t = 30 s

speed =........................................................... [2]

(ii) the average speed of the lorry between time t = 60 s and time t = 120 s.

average speed =........................................................... [2]

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(b) At time t = 30 s, the total resistive force acting on the lorry is 1.4 × 104 N.

(i) Using Fig. 5.1, determine the magnitude of the acceleration of the lorry at time t = 30 s.

acceleration =........................................................... [1]

(ii) Determine the forward force on the lorry due to its engine at time t = 30 s.

forward force =........................................................... [1]

(c) Describe the motion of the lorry between time t = 60 s and time t = 130 s.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

. .......................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 8]

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6 A train of mass 5.6 × 105 kg is at rest in a station.

At time t = 0 s, a resultant force acts on the train and it starts to accelerate forwards.

Fig. 6.1 is the distance-time graph for the train for the first 120 s.

5000

distance / m

4000

3000

2000

1000

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
time t / s

Fig. 6.1

(a) (i) Use Fig. 6.1 to determine:

1. the average speed of the train during the 120 s

average speed =........................................................... [1]

2. the speed of the train at time t = 100 s.

speed =........................................................... [2]

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(ii) Describe how the acceleration of the train at time t = 100 s differs from the acceleration
at time t = 20 s.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

. .................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) (i) The initial acceleration of the train is 0.75 m / s2.

Calculate the resultant force that acts on the train at this time.

resultant force =........................................................... [2]

(ii) At time t = 120 s, the train begins to decelerate.

State what is meant by deceleration.

...........................................................................................................................................

. .................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 8]

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7 There is no atmosphere on the Moon.

A space probe is launched from the surface of the Moon. Fig. 7.1 shows the speed-time graph of
the space probe.

5000

speed
m/s
4000

3000

2000

1000

0
0 100 200 300
time / s

Fig. 7.1

(a) Determine the acceleration of the space probe at time = 0.

acceleration =........................................................... [3]

(b) Between time = 0 and time = 150 s, the acceleration of the space probe changes.

(i) Without calculation, state how the graph shows this.

...........................................................................................................................................

. .................................................................................................................................. [1]

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(ii) During this time, the thrust exerted on the space probe by the motor remains constant.

State one possible reason why the acceleration changes in the way shown by Fig. 7.1.

...........................................................................................................................................

. .................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) Calculate the distance travelled by the space probe from time = 200 s to time = 300 s.

distance =........................................................... [3]

[Total: 8]

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8 (a) Fig. 8.1 shows the axes of a distance-time graph for an object moving in a straight line.

80
distance / m
60

40

20

0
0 2 4 6 8 10
time / s

Fig. 8.1

(i) 1. On Fig. 8.1, draw between time = 0 and time = 10 s, the graph for an object moving
with a constant speed of 5.0 m / s. Start your graph at distance = 0 m.

2. State the property of the graph that represents speed.

....................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Between time = 10 s and time = 20 s the object accelerates. The speed at time = 20 s is
9.0 m / s.

Calculate the average acceleration between time = 10 s and time = 20 s.

acceleration =........................................................... [2]

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(b) Fig. 8.2 shows the axes of a speed-time graph for a different object.

50
speed
m/s
40

30

20

10

0
0 20 40 60 80 100
time / s

Fig. 8.2

(i) The object has an initial speed of 50 m / s and decelerates uniformly at 0.35 m / s2 for
100 s.

On Fig. 8.2, draw the graph to represent the motion of the object. [2]

(ii) Calculate the distance travelled by the object from time = 0 to time = 100 s.

distance = .......................................................... [3]

[Total: 9]

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9 Fig. 9.1 shows the speed-time graph for a vehicle accelerating from rest.

30

speed 25
m/s
20

15

10

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
time / s

Fig. 9.1

(a) Calculate the acceleration of the vehicle at time = 30 s.

acceleration =........................................................... [3]

(b) Without further calculation, state how the acceleration at time = 100 s compares to the
acceleration at time = 10 s. Suggest, in terms of force, a reason why any change has taken
place.

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

. .......................................................................................................................................... [3]

(c) Determine the distance travelled by the vehicle between time = 120 s and time = 160 s.

distance =........................................................... [3]

[Total: 9]

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