Introduction to
Biomedical Optics: From
Theory to Applications
Laser Doppler
Dr. Uttam M. Pal,
Assistant Professor of Biomedical Engineering,
Department of Sciences and Humanities,
IIITDM Kancheepuram - Chennai
Laser Doppler
• The laser Doppler velocimeter sends a monochromatic laser
beam toward the target and collects the reflected radiation.
• According to the Doppler effect, the change in wavelength of
the reflected radiation is a function of the targeted object's
relative velocity.
• Thus, the velocity of the object can be obtained by measuring
the change in wavelength of the reflected laser light, which is
done by forming an interference fringe pattern.
Prof. Dr. Moustafa M. Mohamed lecture notes, Alexandria University
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Typical Laser Specifications
• A laser power source is the essential part
• a Helium-Neon (He-Ne) or Argon ion laser with a power of
10 mW to 20 W is used.
• Lasers have many advantages over other radiation/wave
sources, including excellent frequency stability, small beam
diameter (high coherence), and highly-focused energy.
Prof. Dr. Moustafa M. Mohamed lecture notes, Alexandria University
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https://www.animations.physics.unsw.edu.au/jw/doppler.htm
4
Doppler Effect
Prof. Dr. Moustafa M. Mohamed lecture notes, Alexandria University
5
Doppler Effect: Blue and Red Shift
https://jila.colorado.edu/~ajsh/courses/astr1120_03/text/chapter1/L1S5.html
https://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/educators/index.html
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Doppler Shift
• The Doppler shift, fD, depends on the speed, Vx, and direction of the
particle motion, the wavelength of the light, λ, and the orientation of
the observer.
• The orientation of the observer is defined by the angle α between the
incident light wave and the photo detector [PMT].
• The direction of particle motion is defined by β, the angle between
the velocity vector and the bisector of ABC.
cos sin
2Vx
fD
2
P M V Subbarao lecture notes, Creation of A Picture of Complex Turbulent Flows, IIT Delhi
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Laser Doppler Velocimetry (Difference Method)
• Focused Laser beams intersect and form the measurement
volume
• Plane wave fronts: beam waist in the plane of intersection
• Interference in the plane of intersection
• Pattern of bright and dark stripes/planes
Introduction to principles and applications lecture notes, Purdue University
8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nd4DWy9YBPs&ab_channel=Polytec
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Laser Doppler Velocimetry
P M V Subbarao lecture notes, Creation of A Picture of Complex Turbulent Flows, IIT Delhi
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Laser Doppler Velocimetry
u
Ŝ1
r̂
Ŝ 2 df=0/2sinq
Vx
fd
df
P M V Subbarao lecture notes, Creation of A Picture of Complex Turbulent Flows, IIT Delhi
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Laser Doppler Imaging
Allen, John & Howell, Kevin. (2014). Microvascular imaging: Techniques and opportunities for
clinical physiological measurements. Physiological Measurement. 35. R91. 10.1088/0967-
3334/35/7/R91.
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Laser Doppler Imaging
Blood flow pulse wave in the central retinal artery (red)
and vein (blue), measured in the eye fundus by laser
Doppler holography.
Wikipedia
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Laser Doppler Imaging
Laser Doppler Holography of retinal and choroidal blood
flow. The measurement was performed by non invasive
near infrared interferometry. The image was rendered
computationnally through optical wave propagation and
fluctuations measurement.
Wikipedia
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Laser Doppler Vibrometry
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRxYIfZUxW8&ab_channel=Polytec
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