Parul Institute of Engineering and Technology

Electrical Engineering Department

Subject: Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Question Bank
Ch. 1 D.C Circuit
SR. No. Questions
Discuss the following ideal electrical circuit element: a) Resistor b) Inductor c)
1.
Capacitor
2. Differentiate between active and passive circuit elements with examples.
Draw and explain the voltage-current characteristics of ideal and practical voltage and
3.
current sources.
State Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) and Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) with suitable
4.
diagrams.
5. Explain and derive the concept of Star to Delta transformation
6. Explain and derive the concept of Delta to Star transformation
Explain the difference between series and parallel resistor combinations with
7.
diagrams and formulas.
Derive the formula for the equivalent resistance of n resistors connected in parallel
8.
and series.
Explain the voltage and current division rules in series and parallel circuits with
9.
appropriate formulas.
10. Write and explain the superposition theorem with a suitable example.
11. Write and explain the Thevenin's theorem with a suitable example.
12. Write and explain the Norton's theorem with a suitable example.
What is the role of a voltage source and a current source in an electrical circuit?
13.
Provide examples of each.
Explain the process of converting a star network into a delta network with a suitable
14.
example.
15. State and explain the Superposition Theorem. Illustrate with a simple example.
Three resistors 6Ω, 3Ω and 2Ω are connected in parallel. The current flow of this
16.
circuit is 2A. Find out the value of (i) Total Resistance (ii) Voltage
Three resistors 3Ω,6Ω and 18Ω are connected in parallel. The current flow of the
17.
circuit is 3A. Find the value of (i)Total Resistance ii) voltage.
Differentiate between the following with appropriate examples: a) Voltage and
18.
current source b) Active and passive elements
19. Explain the concept of dependent and independent sources with proper examples.
20. What is source transformation? Explain it with an example.
21. Explain the concept of node analysis by applying KCL.
22. Discuss mesh analysis by implementing KVL.
23. Determine the equivalent resistance of series circuit and parallel circuit.
Two coils connected in series have a resistance of 18 Ω and when connected in
24.
parallel have a resistance of 4 Ω. Find the value of resistances.
 Ch. 2 A.C Circuit
SR. No. Questions
1 Explain how to produce an Alternating EMF.
Derive the expression of Average value and R.M.S. value in terms of Maximum
2
value for sinusoidal quantities.
3 Define the following (a) Frequency (b) Cycle (c) Time period (d) Peak value
Discuss the following terms (a) Peak factor (b) Form factor (c) Average value (d)
4
RMS value
5 Discuss lagging, leading, and in phase quantities with phasor diagram.
Discuss about Pure resistive circuit with phasor diagram, Waveform and power
6
equation.
Prove that the current in purely Inductive circuit lags its voltage by 90° and average
7
power consumption in pure inductor is zero.
A resistance of 10 Ω is connected in series with an inductance of 30 mH across a
8 100 V, 50 Hz a.c supply. Determine the current drawn, the power consumed, and
the power factor.
A capacitor of capacitance 79.5 microfarad is connected in series with a non-
9 inductive resistance of 30 ohm across 100 V, 50 HZ supply. Find (i) impedance (ii)
current (iii) phase angle
Prove that the current in purely Capacitive circuit leads its voltage by 90° and
10
average power consumption in pure capacitor is zero.
A 318 micro farad capacitor is connected across a 230 V, 50 HZ system. Determine
11 (i) capacitive reactance (ii) rms value of current (iii) equations for voltage and
current.
A coil is connected to a 230 V, 50 Hz supply. The coil carrries a current of 10 A and
12
consume a power of 500 w. Find its Inductance and Impedance.
13 Determine the resonant frequency for a RLC series circuit with proper diagram.
14 Discuss Parallel R-L circuit in brief.
15 Discuss Parallel R-C circuit in brief.
16 Explain Parallel resonance RLC Circuit.
17 Determine the admittance of a Parallel RLC circuit.
Distinguish between (i) Apparent power (ii) Active power and (iii) Reactive power in
18
ac circuits.
Derive the relation between line-voltage and phase-voltage for a three-phase four
19
wire star connected network.
Derive the relation between line-current and phase-current for a three-phase delta
20
connected network.
21 Discuss the generation of three-phase emf in brief.
Prove that in case of three-phase four wire star connected balanced load, line
22
voltage=sqrt (3)*phase voltage
23 Discuss the two-wattmeter method of power measurement for 3-phase power.
24 Define active power, reactive power, and apparent power in an AC circuit.
25 Explain the concept of power factor and its significance in AC circuits.
A single-phase AC circuit has a voltage of 230 V, a current of 10 A, and a power
26 factor of 0.8 lagging. Calculate the active power, reactive power, and apparent
power.
 A circuit has an active power of 1200 W and a reactive power of 1600 VAR.
27 Calculate the apparent power and power factor. Also, determine whether the
circuit is inductive or capacitive.
Design a circuit with a resistor (R = 10 Ω) and an inductor (L = 0.1 H) connected in
28 series to a 230 V, 50 Hz AC supply. Calculate the active power, reactive power,
apparent power, and power factor.
Compare star and delta connections in terms of voltage, current, power, and
29
applications
A three-phase system has a power factor of 0.85 and consumes 20 kW of active
30
power. Calculate the apparent power (S) and reactive power (Q).
A three-phase, 415V system supplies power to a delta-connected balanced load
31 with a phase current of 20A and a power factor of 0.9 lagging. Determine the
apparent power, and reactive power.
32 Define impedance, admittance, conductance, and susceptance with their SI units.

33 What is the significance of admittance in AC circuit analysis?

34 Explain how impedance varies in a parallel R-L circuit at different frequencies.

35 Explain how impedance varies in a parallel R-C circuit at different frequencies.

36 Why is susceptance used in AC circuits instead of just impedance?

37 Compare the impedance of parallel and series R-L-C circuits.

38 Explain how conductance and susceptance help in analyzing AC circuits.

39 What is the effect of changing resistance in a parallel R-L circuit?

40 What is the effect of changing capacitance in a parallel R-C circuit?

41 Define active power, reactive power, and apparent power with their SI units.

42 What is the significance of the power triangle in AC circuits?

43 How does a low power factor affect transformers and generators?

44 Explain the difference between leading and lagging power factors with examples.

45 Why is unity power factor considered ideal, and how can it be achieved?

46 Describe the role of capacitors in improving power factor in an electrical circuit.

Three similar coils each of resistance 28 ohm are connected in star and delta. If the
47
supply voltage is 230 V , 50 HZ calculate the line current and total power absorbed.
A balanced 3-phase star-connected load of 70 kW takes a leading current of 69 A .
48 The supply voltage is 3 phase 600 V , 50 Hz. Find the resistance, capacitance,
impedance and Power factor of the load.
Explain in brief the following for the 3-phase A.C circuit. 1. Line Voltage 2. Line
49
current 3. Phase Voltage 4. Phase Current
50 What are the advantages of three-phase systems over single-phase systems?

51 Why do industries prefer three-phase power supply over single-phase supply?

52 Explain generation of three phase EMF

Describe a real-world application where three-phase delta connection is preferred

53
over star.

54 What are the effects of an unbalanced load on a three-phase power system?

55 Explain the importance of a balanced load in three-phase systems.

A 10 ohm resistor and a 20 mh inductor are connected on series across a 230 V, 50

56
Hz supply. Find the circuit impedance, current, active power and reactive power
A coil having a resistance of 10 Ω and inductance of 0.05 H is connected in series
57 with a capacitor of 100 µf. The whole circuit is connected to 200 V, 50 Hz supply.
Calculate (1) impedance (2) the current (3) power factor (4) power absorbed.
A Capacitor C is in series with a 75 Ω resistor and a 12 H inductive coil across a 220
58
V, 60 Hz supply. Determine the value of C that resonate the circuit.
A resistor of 120 Ω and a capacitor of 25 µF are connected in series to a 250 V, 50
59 Hz supply. Find impedance, circuit current, power factor, phase angle, voltage
across R and C
Derive the expressions for the impedance of a series R-L circuit. Discuss the voltage-
60
current relationship.

61 Define the peak value, RMS value, and average value of a sinusoidal waveform

Discuss the behavior of a pure Resistor in an AC circuit. Draw the voltage-current

62
phasor diagram and describe the relationship.
Discuss the behavior of a pure Inductor in an AC circuit. Draw the voltage-current
63
phasor diagram and describe the relationship.
Discuss the behavior of a pure capacitor in an AC circuit. Draw the voltage-current
64
phasor diagram and describe the relationship.
Explain resonance in a series R-L-C circuit. What is the significance of the resonance
65
frequency?
In a parallel R-C circuit, how would you calculate the admittance and what is its
66
significance in determining the total current?
A Capacitor of capacitance 79.5μF is connected in series with a non-inductive
67 resistance of 30 across a 100V, 50Hz supply. Find (i) impedance (ii) current (iii)
phase angle (iv) Power factor
A non-inductive resistor of 10 Ω is in series with a capacitor of 100μF across a 250V,
68 50Hz ac supply. Determine the current taken by the capacitor and power factor of
the circuit
A circuit consists of R and C reactance is 30Ω connected in series. Determine the
69
value of R for which power factor of the circuit is 0.8. Draw the phasor Diagram.
A coil of pf 0.6 is in series with a 100μF capacitor. When connected to a 50Hz
70 supply, the potential difference across the coil is equal to the potential difference
across the capacitor. Find the resistance and inductance of the coil.
Find the impedance of series connected circuit contains (a) R=30 ohms and
71
C=0.003F (b) R=45 ohms and L=0.04H , When supplied voltage is 50 V AC.
72 What are the advantages of star connection over Delta connected system?

An alternate current is given by i=141.4sin(314t). find i) maximum value ii)

73
frequency iii)Time period.
Determine the form factor and peak factor by obtaining the expression of rms value
74
and average value.

75 For A.C. sinusoidal current prove that Irms = 0.707 Im.

76 Give the rectangular and polar representation of phasors.

Explain series R-L circuit in brief. Draw phasor diagram and the wave forms of
77
voltage, current and instantaneous power.
Explain series R-C circuit in brief. Draw phasor diagram and the wave forms of
78
voltage, current and instantaneous power.
A coil having a resistance of 7 ohm and an inductance of 31.8 mH is connected to
79 230 V, 50 HZ supply. Calculate the (i) circuit current (ii) phase angle (iii) power
factor and (iv) power consumed.
A coil of negligible resistance draws a current of 4.5 A when connected to 230 V , 50
80
HZ single-phase supply. Find its inductive reactance and the inductance in henry.
In a given R-L circuit, R=3.5 ohm and L=0.1 H. Find (i) the current through the circuit
81
and (ii) power factor if a 50 HZ voltage V=220∠30 deg is applied across the circuit.
Obtain the expression of impedance, current and power factor for a series RLC
82
circuit.
Explain the resonance condition of series RLC circuit and give the graphical
83
representation.
A voltage of 50v with 50HZ frequency is applied to a series RLC circuit with R=100
84 ohm, L=0.5H and C=40 microfarad. Determine i) impedance ii) current iii) power
factor iv) phase angle between voltage and current
85 Explain about Series Resonance and derive an expression for its bandwidth.
A resistance of 20 ohm, inductance of 0.2 H and capacitance of 150 μF are
86 connected in series and are fed by a 230 v, 50 HZ supply. Find inductive and
capacitive reactance, impedance, active and reactive power.
A single-phase AC circuit has a voltage of 230 V, a current of 10 A, and a power
87 factor of 0.8 lagging. Calculate the active power, reactive power, and apparent
power. Draw the power triangle to represent the relationship.
A 10 ohms resistor and a 20 mH inductor are connected in series across a 230 V 50
88 Hz supply. Find the circuit impedance, Current, Active Power, Apparent Power and
Reactive Power.
A 3-phase AC circuit has a line voltage of 400 V and a line current of 20 A with a
89 power factor of 0.9 lagging. Calculate the total active power, reactive power, and
apparent power. Compare the results with a single-phase system.
An A.C supply voltage of 230 V, 50 Hz is given to the circuit containing 10 ohm and
90 20 ohm in series. Find the equivalent resistance ,total current , Active power,
Reactive power and Power Factor
Derive the relationship between line voltage and phase voltage in a balanced three-
91
phase star connection with a phasor diagram.
Derive the relationship between line voltage and phase voltage in a balanced three-
92
phase Delta connection with a phasor diagram.

93 Explain the behavior of a parallel R-L circuit with a phasor diagram.

94 Explain the behavior of a parallel R-C circuit with a phasor diagram.

95 Explain the behavior of a parallel R-L-C circuit with a phasor diagram.

96 Derive the expression for total impedance in a parallel R-L circuit.

97 Derive the expression for total impedance in a parallel R-C circuit.

98 Derive the expression for total impedance in a parallel R-L-C circuit.

Explain the concept of impedance, admittance, conductance, and susceptance in

99
AC circuits.

100 Compare the characteristics of parallel R-L, R-C, and R-L-C circuits based on
impedance and admittance.

101 Draw and explain the voltage and current phasor diagrams for a parallel R-L circuit.

102 Draw and explain the voltage and current phasor diagrams for a parallel R-C circuit.

103 Prove the condition of resonance for R L C series circuit. Also analyze the
phenomena with the help of a graph
In a series R-L circuit, a voltage of 10 V at 50 Hz frequency produces a current of
104 750 mA. In the same circuit with same magnitude of applied voltage with a
frequency of 75 Hz produces a current of 500 mA. Find out the values of R and L in
the circuit.
105 Explain the concept of active power, reactive power, and apparent power with
mathematical expressions.

106 Explain the power triangle and derive the relationship between active, reactive,
and apparent power.
A 10 Ω resistance and a capacitor of 50 µf are connected in series across a 230 V ,
107 50 Hz a.c supply. Find the impedance, current, power factor , Reactive power, and
Active power of the circuit
108 Compare lagging, leading, and unity power factor in electrical loads with suitable
examples.

109 Explain the concept of three-phase balanced star connection with a neat phasor
diagram.

110 Derive the relationship between line voltage and phase voltage in a balanced star
connection.

111 Explain the concept of three-phase balanced delta connection with a neat phasor
diagram.

112 Derive the relationship between line current and phase current in a balanced delta
connection.

113 Compare star and delta connections based on voltage, current, and power
relationships.
Three 100 ohm non-inductive resistance ones are connected in (a) Star (b) Delta
114 across a 400 V, 50 hz 3 phase supply main. calculate power taken from the supply
system in each case
A 15-mH inductor is in series with a parallel combination of an 80 Ω resistor and 20
115 μF capacitor. If the angular frequency of the applied voltage is ω = 1000 rad/s, find
the admittance of the network
 Two impedance Z1 = (8 + j6) and Z2 = (3 − j4) are in parallel. If the total current of
116 the combination is 25 A, find the current taken and power consumed by each
impedance.
In a series circuit containing pure resistance and a pure inductance, the current and
117 the voltage are expressed as i(t)=5sin(314t+2 π/3) and v(t)=15 sin(314 t + 5 π/6).
Calculate the average power drawn and power factor of the circuit.
Three identical coils are connected in star to a 200-V, three-phase supply andeach
118 takes 500 W. The power factor is 0.8 lagging. What will be the current and the total
power if the same coils are connected in delta to the same supply?
A star-connected balanced load is supplied from a 3-phase balanced supplywith a
line voltage of 416 V at a frequency of 50 Hz. Each phase of load consists of a
resistance and a capacitor joined in series and the readings on two wattmeters
119
connected to measure the total power supplied are 782 W and 1980 W, both
positive. Calculate (a) the power factor of the circuit (b) the line current and (c) the
capacitance of each capacitor
A series circuit consists of a resistance of 100 Ω and a capacitance of 50 µf and is
120 energized from a 200 V, 50 Hz mains. Determine (1) the impedance (2) the current
in the circuit (3) power factor (4) the phase angle (5) voltage across R and C.
A resistor of 50 Ω and a capacitor of 100 µF are connected in series to a 220 V, 50
121 Hz supply. Find impedance, current, power factor phase angle and voltage across R
and C
Explain the concept of resonance in an R-L-C series circuit. Derive the expression for
122
resonance frequency and explain the graphical representation of resonance.
What is the difference between instantaneous, peak, average, and RMS values of a
123
sinusoidal waveform? Explain with relevant examples.
What is the power factor in an AC circuit? Explain its significance and how to
124
calculate the power factor in R-L and R-C series circuits.
How do you calculate the impedance and phase angle for a series R-L-C circuit?
125
Draw the voltage-current phasor diagram.

126 In an R-L-C parallel circuit, derive expressions for impedance, admittance, and
power factor. Discuss the voltage-current phasor diagram for the circuit.
A coil having a resistance of 7 and an inductance of 31.8mH is connected to 230V,
127 50Hz supply. Calculate (i) the circuit current (ii) phase angle (iii) power factor (iv)
power consumed v) Reactive power
 Ch 3 Diode and Transistors
SR. No. Questions
1 What is a P-type semiconductor? How is it formed?
2 What is a N-type semiconductor? How is it formed?

3 What is a diode? Explain its basic construction and working principle.

4 Draw and explain the V-I characteristics of a diode.

5 Define Peak Inverse Voltage (PIV) and explain why it is important in rectifier circuits.

6 What is surge current in a diode? How does it impact diode performance?

7 Define ripple factor and explain its significance in rectifiers.

9 How does a shunt clipper circuit work? Explain with a circuit diagram.
10 What is a clamper circuit? Explain its function with an example.
11 What is a voltage multiplier? Explain its applications in electronic circuits.

Explain the working principle of a series clipper circuit using a silicon diode and discuss
12
the effect of the diode's forward voltage drop on the output waveform.

Explain the working of a shunt clipper circuit and describe how it limits the output
13
voltage.
14 Differentiate between series clipper and shunt clipper circuits with examples.
Draw the circuit diagram of a voltage divider bias circuit and explain its operation.
15
What are the advantages of using a voltage divider bias circuit?

Explain the difference between the Common Base (CB), Common Emitter(CE) Common
16
Collector (CC). Which configuration is most commonlly used and why?

Explain the concept of DC load line and Q-point in a BJT amplifier circuit. How are the
17
DC load line and Q-point related to the operating point of the transistor?

Explain the concept of voltage gain in a BJT amplifier. A BJT amplifier circuit has a
18
voltage gain of 100. If the input voltage is 10 mV, what is the output voltage?

Explain the concept of current gain in a BJT amplifier circuit. How is the current gain
19
related to the base current and the collector current?

Draw the circuit diagram of a BJT amplifier circuit with a common emitter
20
configuration. Explain the operation of the circuit and the role of each component.

Explain the concept of current gain in a BJT. A BJT amplifier circuit has a base current of
21
10 μA and a collector current of 1 mA. What is the current gain of the transistor?

22 Explain the construction and working of a PN junction diode with a neat diagram.

23 Draw and explain the V-I characteristics of a diode in both forward and reverse bias.
 A silicon diode has a forward voltage drop of 0.7V. If the applied voltage is 5V, calculate
24
the current flowing through the diode if the series resistance is 1kΩ.

Explain the concept of surge current in diodes and describe how it can affect the
25
performance of a diode.

Describe the working of a half-wave rectifier with a circuit diagram. Derive an

26
expression for its efficiency.

Explain the working of a full-wave rectifier using a center-tap transformer with a circuit
27
diagram.

28 What is ripple factor? Derive its formula for a full-wave rectifier.

Explain the need for filters in rectifier circuits. Describe how a capacitor filter helps in
29
reducing ripple.

Compare the efficiency of half-wave and full-wave rectifiers. Which one is better and
30
why?

31 Explain the difference between a bridge rectifier and a center-tap full-wave rectifier.

32 Define and explain the importance of the DC output voltage in rectifier circuits.

33 Explain the function of a Zener diode and its role in voltage regulation.

Describe the role of a transformer in rectifier circuits. How does it help in voltage
34
conversion?

35 Explain the working of a series positive clipper with a circuit diagram and waveform.

36 Differentiate between series and shunt clipper circuits in terms of design and working.

37 Explain the working of a positive clamper circuit with a circuit diagram and waveform.

38 Explain the working of a negative clamper circuit with a circuit diagram and waveform.

39 Explain the working of a voltage doubler circuit with a circuit diagram.

 Explain the effect of using a resistor in series with the diode in a clipper circuit. How
40
does it impact the output waveform?

How does a clamper circuit differ from a clipper circuit in terms of function and output
41
waveform? Explain with an example.

Explain the role of a Zener diode in a clipper circuit. How does it differ from a normal
42
diode in clipping applications?

A series clipper circuit is used to remove voltages below 4V from an AC input of ±10V.
43
Draw the circuit diagram and expected output waveform.

What happens if the diode is reversed in a shunt clipper circuit? Explain with an
44
example.

Differentiate between series clipper and shunt clipper circuits. How does adding a bias
45
voltage in a clipper circuit affect the clipping levels?

What are the advantages of using a voltage multiplier instead of a transformer? List
46
two practical applications of voltage doublers and triplers.

Why does a clamper circuit require a capacitor, while a clipper circuit does not? What
47
will happen if a diode is reversed in a series clipper circuit?

Draw the circuit diagram of a common emitter BJT amplifier with a voltage divider bias
48
circuit. Explain the operation of the circuit and calculate the voltage gain.

Explain the operation of a BJT in the active region, including the role of the base
49
current, collector current, and emitter current.

Describe the concept of DC load line and Q-point in a BJT amplifier circuit. Explain how
50 the DC load line and Q-point are related to the operating point of the transistor. Draw
the DC load line and Q-point on a graph.

Draw the circuit diagram of a common collector BJT amplifier with an emitter follower
51
configuration. Explain the operation of the circuit and calculate the voltage gain.

Explain the concept of voltage divider bias circuit in a BJT amplifier. Describe the
52
advantages and disadvantages of using a voltage divider bias circuit.

Draw the circuit diagram of a BJT amplifier circuit with a common base configuration.
53 Explain the operation of the circuit and calculate the current gain and voltage gain of
the transistor.
 Ch 4 Voltage Regulator
SR.
Questions
No.
1 What is a voltage regulator? Explain its importance in electronic circuits.
2 Differentiate between a linear voltage regulator and a fixed voltage regulator.
3 Explain the working of a 7805 voltage regulator IC with its input and output voltage range.
4 Draw the block diagram of a DC Regulated Power Supply and explain its function.
5 Define SMPS. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using an SMPS?
6 Explain the role of a transformer, rectifier, and filter in a DC regulated power supply.
7 Describe the working of a 7905 negative voltage regulator IC with a circuit diagram.
8 How does an SMPS convert AC to DC efficiently? Explain the basic working principle.
9 What is a voltage multiplier circuit? Describe its working principle and applications.
What factors should be considered while selecting a voltage regulator for a specific
10
application?
11 What are the main features of the LM317 adjustable voltage regulator IC?
Compare LM317 with the 78xx series voltage regulators in terms of functionality and
12
applications.

Ch 5 Sensors and Transducers

SR.
Questions
No.
1 Define a sensor and a transducer with suitable examples.
2 Explain the working principle of a sensor.
3 List and describe any four types of transducers.
4 What are the key characteristics of an ideal sensor?
5 Differentiate between primary and secondary transducers with examples.
6 How are sensors used in medical applications?
Define a sensor and explain its significance. Give two examples of commonly used
7
sensors.
8 What is a transducer? Explain with an example.
9 Differentiate between analog and digital sensors.
10 How do temperature sensors work?
11 List any four sensors used in mobile phones.
12 Explain the role of proximity sensors in automation.
13 Give the comparison between Sensor and Transducers.
14 List the application of sensors and Transducers.
15 Write a Short note on LVDT.
16 Explain Piezo electric transducers.
17 Explain Strain gauge.
18 Explain in detail the classification of sensors based on their working principle.
19 Discuss the various applications of sensors in industrial automation.
20 Explain how pressure sensors and temperature sensors work with real-life examples.
21 Compare wired and wireless sensor networks and their applications.
22 Discuss the importance of sensors in the aerospace industry with real-life examples.
23 Compare the difference and similarity between sensors and transducers.
Compare piezoelectric and thermoelectric transducers in terms of working principle and
24
applications.
25 How do sensors contribute to industrial automation?
26 Explain the significance of signal conditioning in transducers.
27 How do sensors improve the safety of automobiles?
28 Discuss the applications of pressure and temperature sensors.
29 How do sensors contribute to automation in agriculture? Explain with examples.
Explain the concept of self-generating and externally powered transducers with
30
examples.
31 write a short note on Strain gauge
32 Describe the role of sensors in wearable technology and smart devices.
33 Compare contact and non-contact sensors with suitable examples.
34 Give classification of sensors.
35 Give classification of transducers.
36 Write a short note on Linear Variable Differential Transformer.
37 Describe the working principle and applications of piezoelectric transducers.
38 Discuss the various types of sensors based on their measurement applications.
39 What are active transducers and passive transducers? Explain one from each in detail.
40 List the main types of electronic sensors and their use.
41 Write a short note on RTD.