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Ch3_2 DC Meter

Chapter 3, part 2 discusses the components and functions of PMMC meters, including their use as ammeters and ohmmeters. It covers the construction of series and parallel ohmmeters, the operation of multimeters, and the effects of voltmeter loading and ammeter insertion on circuit measurements. Exercises are provided to illustrate the concepts and calculations related to these instruments.

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12 views15 pages

Ch3_2 DC Meter

Chapter 3, part 2 discusses the components and functions of PMMC meters, including their use as ammeters and ohmmeters. It covers the construction of series and parallel ohmmeters, the operation of multimeters, and the effects of voltmeter loading and ammeter insertion on circuit measurements. Exercises are provided to illustrate the concepts and calculations related to these instruments.

Uploaded by

mugilarasan182
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHAPTER 3, part 2

DC Meter

BEEY 1303
Dr. Suraya Zainuddin
+6019-2209191
Objectives
At the end of chapter, student should be able to:

• Know what is basic component inside a PMMC meter


• Function, operation and usage of PMMC in measurement
• Introduction to galvanometer
• Construction and basic concept in DC Ampere Meter (Ammeter) and
multi range Ammeter
• To know basic circuit and construction for voltmeter and multi range
volt/ohm meter
• Solve a problem in a design of direct current (DC) meter
Outline

Multimeter,
DC Ammeter
Ohmmeter Insertion
DC Ammeter Effect &
Voltmeter
Loading
DC Effect
Voltmeter

The construction
& Function of
PMMC
3.4 DC Ohmmeter

• PMMC can change to be ohmmeter with connected voltage


source and limited current resistor in series.
• Two type :
❖Series Ohmmeter
❖Parallel Ohmmeter
• Purpose : to measure the resistance between its leads.
Resistor Colour Code & Symbols
Series Ohmmeter

• When Rx = 0 ( AB terminal short), the current in circuit is maximum and


the pointer shown then full reading. Adjust the R2 until the full scale, IM.
The pointer at full scale is mark as 0 ohm.
• When Rx= infinity (AB terminal open), the current in circuit is 0. The
unknown resistance must connect series with basic meter movement.
This circuit use to measure higher resistance and the pointer is mark as
infinity.
Series Connection Ohmmeter
• Before Rx value measured, normally ohm meter will be set to zero,
become :
I = V/(R1+R2+Rm)

• To measure Rx, connect it at X-Y terminal;


I = V/(R1+R2+Rm+ Rx)

• Meter swing and full scale deflection comparison can be linked from
meter deflection comparison from full scale (P) with value of Rx:

Non-linear
Series Ohmmeter – cont..
Exercise:

Given PMMC with resistance 100Ω was using in series ohmmeter. R1 =


500Ω, R2 =400 Ω and supply voltage = 10 V. When connected with Rx, the
reading shows 0.5 mA. Find the value of Rx.
Parallel Connection Ohmmeter
Parallel Connection Ohmmeter – cont..
Parallel Connection Ohmmeter – cont..
Exercise:

Exercise:
3.5 Multimeter

• A multimeter is a measuring instrument that can measure multiple electrical


properties. A typical multimeter can measure voltage, resistance, and current, in
which case it is also known as a volt-ohm-milliammeter (VOM), as the unit is
equipped with voltmeter, ammeter, and ohmmeter functionality.

An analog
multimeter

A hands-hold 4 ½ digit A benchtop digital


digital multimeter multimeter
3.6 Voltmeter Loading Effect &
Ammeter Insertion Effect
Voltmeter Loading Effect
• Is an error.
• Cause when a voltmeter connect to the circuit as parallel with sub circuit measured.
• Depend on meter internal resistance.
• For an illustration of the effect of the meter sensitivity on the accuracy of
voltage readings in high-resistance circuits, refer to figure A.
• Normally, the two series resistors (R1 and R2) across the voltage
source would divide the voltage in the ratio of 1-to-2, causing the
voltmeter to read 50 volts (fig. A).
• However, the voltmeter appears as a 50K-ohm resistor in parallel with
R2.
• This effectively reduces the equivalent resistance of R2 and causes the
voltage to be divided in the ratio of 1-to-l (Fig. B). The voltmeter
will now read 37.5 volts.
• It should be apparent after studying the diagram that, compared with
the
meter resistance, the higher the resistance in the circuit, the greater
the "loading' effect of the voltmeter.
• Sometimes the loading effects of a voltmeter can be reduced by
switching the meter to the next higher range because the addition of a
multiplier increases the input resistance of the meter
Ammeter Insertion Effects
• Is an error (Insertion error).
• The error cause by inserting an ammeter in circuit to obtain a current
reading.
• Ammeter have internal resistance which effect a circuit.
• Insertion of ammeter inside circuit means it will reduce circuit current flow.

Measurement >> Meter insertion


END OF
Chapter 3, part 2

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